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Carl Shapiro

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Blog mentions

As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
  1. Shapiro, Carl, 2000. "Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt4hs5s9wk, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Mentioned in:

    1. Propiedad intelectual, monopolios y el laberinto de la innovación
      by Cives in Politikon on 2012-06-02 21:50:00
  2. Carl Shapiro, 2007. "Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution," NBER Working Papers 13141, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Mentioned in:

    1. “Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution,” C. Shapiro (2007)
      by afinetheorem in A Fine Theorem on 2012-06-01 09:01:16
    2. Krueger to CEA
      by Adam Ozimek in Modeled Behavior on 2011-08-29 16:35:20
    3. “Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution,” C. Shapiro (2007)
      by afinetheorem in A Fine Theorem on 2012-06-01 09:01:16
  3. Joseph Farrell & Carl Shapiro, 1988. "Dynamic Competition with Switching Costs," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 19(1), pages 123-137, Spring.

    Mentioned in:

    1. Why learning economics is of no use, or how Flexstrom managed to fleece me
      by Alexia Gaudeul in Alexia Gaudeul's Blog on 2012-04-12 17:00:00
  4. Author Profile
    1. Ranking California Economists as of May 2015
      by Matthew Kahn in Environmental and Urban Economics on 2015-06-04 02:25:00
    2. Ranking Economists as of December 2015
      by Matthew Kahn in Environmental and Urban Economics on 2016-01-07 22:27:00

RePEc Biblio mentions

As found on the RePEc Biblio, the curated bibliography of Economics:
  1. Shapiro, Carl & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1984. "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(3), pages 433-444, June.

    Mentioned in:

    1. > Labor Economics > Efficiency wages

Wikipedia or ReplicationWiki mentions

(Only mentions on Wikipedia that link back to a page on a RePEc service)
  1. Shapiro, Carl & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1984. "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(3), pages 433-444, June.

    Mentioned in:

    1. Arbejdsmarkedsøkonomi in Wikipedia (Danish)
    2. Effektivitetsløn in Wikipedia (Danish)
    3. Efficiency wage in Wikipedia (English)
  2. Author Profile
    1. Carl Shapiro in Wikipedia (German)

Working papers

  1. Carl Shapiro & Ali Yurukoglu, 2024. "Trends in Competition in the United States: What Does the Evidence Show?," NBER Working Papers 32762, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Miller, Nathan H., 2025. "Industrial organization and The Rise of Market Power," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    2. Jade Leroueil, 2025. "From Cowboy to Astronaut: How Can We Limit the Destructive Force of the Tech Leaders’ Vision of Competition?," Post-Print hal-05146308, HAL.
    3. Carl Shapiro, 2024. "Evolution of the Merger Guidelines: Is This Fox Too Clever by Half?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 65(1), pages 147-175, August.

  2. Giulio Federico & Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2019. "Antitrust and Innovation: Welcoming and Protecting Disruption," NBER Working Papers 26005, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Ekaterina Prytkova, 2021. "ICT's Wide Web: a System-Level Analysis of ICT's Industrial Diffusion with Algorithmic Links," Jena Economics Research Papers 2021-005, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    2. Tomaso Duso & Lea Bernhardt & Joanna Piechucka, 2024. "The Evolution of Theories of Harm in EU Merger Control," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2090, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Prado, Tiago S. & Bauer, Johannes M., 2022. "Big Tech platform acquisitions of start-ups and venture capital funding for innovation," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    4. Patrice Bougette & Oliver Budzinski & Frédéric Marty, 2023. "In The Light Of Dynamic Competition: Should We Make Merger Remedies More Flexible?," Working Papers halshs-04230148, HAL.
    5. Valentiny, Pál, 2024. "Mennyire innovatívak a Big Tech vállalatok? [How innovative are Big Tech companies?]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(1), pages 22-56.
    6. Gao, Tingfan & Wang, Shixun & Chen, Baizhu & Yang, Lihong, 2024. "The impact of big tech corporate venture capital investments on innovation: Evidence from the equity investment market," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    7. Nathan H. Miller & Gloria Sheu, 2021. "Quantitative Methods for Evaluating the Unilateral Effects of Mergers," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 58(1), pages 143-177, February.
    8. Gugler, Klaus & Szücs, Florian & Wohak, Ulrich, 2025. "Start-up acquisitions, venture capital and innovation: A comparative study of Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    9. Prado, Tiago S., 2022. "Safeguarding Competition in Digital Markets: A Comparative Analysis of Emerging Policy and Regulatory Regimes," 31st European Regional ITS Conference, Gothenburg 2022: Reining in Digital Platforms? Challenging monopolies, promoting competition and developing regulatory regimes 265666, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    10. Tomaso Duso & Martin Peitz, 2025. "Aligning Competition Policy and Industrial Policy in the EU," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2025_710, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    11. Tania Babina & Simcha Barkai & Jessica Jeffers & Ezra Karger & Ekaterina Volkova, 2023. "Antitrust Enforcement Increases Economic Activity," Working Papers 23-50, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    12. Laureen de Barsy & Axel Gautier, 2024. "Big Tech Acquisitions and Innovation: An Empirical Assessment," CESifo Working Paper Series 11025, CESifo.
    13. Massimo Motta & Emanuele Tarantino, 2018. "The Effect of Horizontal Mergers, When Firms compete in Prices and Investments," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2018_056, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    14. Valletti, Tommaso & Zenger, Hans, 2020. "Mergers with Differentiated Products: Where do we Stand?," CEPR Discussion Papers 15066, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Frédéric Marty & Thierry Warin, 2020. "Visa Acquiring Plaid: A Tartan over a Killer Acquisition? Reflections on the risks of harming competition through the acquisition of startups within digital ecosystems," Working Papers hal-03029746, HAL.
    16. Robin Mamrak, 2023. "Antitrust and (Foreign) Innovation: Evidence from the Xerox Case," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 396, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
    17. Basant, Rakesh & Jaiswal, Neha, 2022. "Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Innovation: Evidence from a Panel of Indian Pharmaceutical Firms," IIMA Working Papers WP 2022-01-01, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    18. Cavenaile, Laurent & Celik, Murat Alp & Tian, Xu, 2021. "The Dynamic Effects of Antitrust Policy on Growth and Welfare," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 42-59.
    19. Carl Shapiro, 2024. "Evolution of the Merger Guidelines: Is This Fox Too Clever by Half?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 65(1), pages 147-175, August.
    20. Julie Bon & San Sau Fung & Alan Reilly & Terry Ridout & Robert Ryan & Mike Walker, 2021. "Recent Developments at the CMA: 2020–2021," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(4), pages 665-692, December.
    21. Marc Bourreau & Yutec Sun, 2022. "Competition and Quality: Evidence from the Entry of Mobile Network Service," Working Papers 22-04, NET Institute.
    22. Goodman, Nathan P. & Lehto, Otto & Novak, Mikayla, 2025. "Institutional diversity and innovative recombination," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    23. Calvano, Emilio & Polo, Michele, 2020. "Market Power, Competition and Innovation in digital markets: a survey," CEPR Discussion Papers 14314, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    24. Peitz, Martin, 2020. "Economic policy for digital attention intermediaries," ZEW Discussion Papers 20-035, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    25. Tomaso Duso & Lea Bernhardt & Joanna Piechucka, 2024. "The Evolution of Theories of Harm in EU Merger Control," CESifo Working Paper Series 11218, CESifo.
    26. Lenz, Fulko, 2020. "Plattformökonomie – zwischen Abwehr und Wunschdenken," Zeitthemen 03, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
    27. MARSCHINSKI Robert & DE AMORES HERNANDEZ Antonio & AMOROSO Sara & BAUER Peter & CARDANI Roberta & CSEFALVAY Zoltan & GENTY Aurelien & GKOTSIS Petros & GREGORI Wildmer & GRASSANO Nicola & HERNANDEZ GUE, 2021. "EU competitiveness: recent trends, drivers, and links to economic policy: A Synthesis Report," JRC Research Reports JRC123232, Joint Research Centre.
    28. Nicolas Petit & David J Teece, 2021. "Innovating Big Tech firms and competition policy: favoring dynamic over static competition [Patterns of industrial innovation]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 30(5), pages 1168-1198.
    29. Frantz Rowe & M. Lynne Markus, 2022. "Taking the measure of digital giants: Amazon and the Social Welfare Computing research agenda," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 32(2), pages 437-446, June.

  3. Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2015. "Patent Assertions: Are We Any Closer to Aligning Reward to Contribution?," NBER Working Papers 21678, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Margaret K. Kyle, 2020. "The Alignment of Innovation Policy and Social Welfare: Evidence from Pharmaceuticals," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 20(1), pages 95-123.
    2. Galetovic, Alexander & Haber, Stephen & Zaretzki, Lew, 2018. "An estimate of the average cumulative royalty yield in the world mobile phone industry: Theory, measurement and results," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 263-276.
    3. Ajay Agrawal & Joshua Gans & Avi Goldfarb, 2019. "Economic Policy for Artificial Intelligence," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 19(1), pages 139-159.
    4. Love, Brian & Lefouili, Yassine & Helmers, Christian, 2020. "Do Standard-Essential Patent Owners Behave Opportunistically? Evidence from U.S. District Court Dockets," TSE Working Papers 20-1160, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    5. Steven T. Berry & Martin Gaynor & Fiona Scott Morton, 2019. "Do Increasing Markups Matter? Lessons from Empirical Industrial Organization," NBER Working Papers 26007, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Nancy Gallini, 2017. "Do patents work? Thickets, trolls and antibiotic resistance," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(4), pages 893-926, November.
    7. Gianluca Orsatti & Valerio Sterzi, 2018. "Do Patent Assertion Entities Harm Innovation? Evidence from Patent Transfers in Europe," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2018-08, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    8. Valerio STERZI & Jean-Paul RAMESHKOUMAR & Johannes VAN DER POL, 2020. "Non-practicing entities and transparency in patent ownership in Europe," Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 2020-10, Bordeaux School of Economics (BSE).
    9. Erik Hovenkamp & Jorge Lemus, 2022. "Antitrust Limits on Patent Settlements: A New Approach," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(2), pages 257-293, June.
    10. Brander, James A. & Spencer, Barbara J., 2021. "Patent assertion entities and the courts: Injunctive or fee-based relief?," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    11. Love, Brian J. & Helmers, Christian, 2023. "Patent hold-out and licensing frictions: Evidence from litigation of standard essential patents," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).

  4. Farrell, Joseph & Shapiro, Carl, 2008. "Antitrust Evaluation of Horizontal Mergers: An Economic Alternative to Market Definition," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt8z51b1q8, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Christopher T. Conlon & Julie Holland Mortimer, 2018. "Empirical Properties of Diversion Ratios," Working Papers 18-16, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    2. Nicholas Economides & Przemyslaw Jeziorski, 2015. "Mobile Money in Tanzania," Working Papers 15-03, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    3. Federico, Giulio & Langus, Gregor & Valletti, Tommaso, 2018. "Horizontal mergers and product innovation," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-23.
    4. Michael Vita & Keith Brand & Miriam Larson-Koester & Nathan Petek & Charles Taragin & William Violette & Daniel H. Wood, 2022. "Economics at the FTC: Estimating Harm from Deception and Analyzing Mergers," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 61(4), pages 405-438, December.
    5. Budzinski Oliver & Kuchinke Björn A., 2012. "Deal or No Deal? Consensual Arrangements as an Instrument of European Competition Policy," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 63(3), pages 265-292, December.
    6. Craig T. Peters & Jeffrey M. Wilder, 2021. "Ten Years of the 2010 HMG: A Perspective from the Department of Justice," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 58(1), pages 13-31, February.
    7. Jullien, Bruno & Lefouili, Yassine, 2018. "Horizontal Mergers and Innovation," CEPR Discussion Papers 12773, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Shao-Yin Hsu & Ching-Cheng Lu & Yan-Hui Xiao & Yung-ho Chiu, 2024. "Two-Stage Evaluation of the Pre-merger Potential Gains of Taiwan Financial Holding Companies: Dynamic Network Slack-Based Measure Analysis Approach," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(4), pages 2131-2178, October.
    9. Garcia, Arturo & Leal, Mariel & Lee, Sang-Ho & Park, Chul-Hi, 2024. "Merger incentive and strategic corporate social responsibility by a multiproduct corporation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 193-206.
    10. Voudon, Benoît, 2022. "Indicative Price Rise with synergies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    11. Filistrucchi, L. & Klein, T.J. & Michielsen, T.O., 2011. "Assessing Unilateral Merger Effects in a Two-Sided Market : An Application to the Dutch Daily Newspaper Market," Discussion Paper 2011-114, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    12. Neale Mahoney & E. Glen Weyl, 2017. "Imperfect Competition in Selection Markets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 99(4), pages 637-651, July.
    13. Shawn W Ulrick & Mark D Williams, 2024. "“Multi-Product Critical Loss: Allowing for Varying Margins, Prices, and Quantities in the Candidate Antitrust Market”," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(1-2), pages 60-84.
    14. Hamilton, Stephen F. & Bontems, Philippe & Lepore, Jason, 2015. "Oligopoly intermediation, relative rivalry and market conduct," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 49-59.
    15. Ivaldi, Marc & Lagos, Vicente, 2016. "Assessment of Post-merger Coordinated Effects: Characterization by Simulations," TSE Working Papers 16-631, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    16. Cristina Pardo-Garcia & Jose Sempere-Monerris, 2015. "Equilibrium mergers in a composite good industry with efficiencies," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 6(1), pages 101-127, March.
    17. Giulio Federico & Gregor Langus & Tommaso M. Valletti, 2017. "A Simple Model of Mergers and Innovation," CESifo Working Paper Series 6539, CESifo.
    18. Alexander White & E. Glen Weyl, 2010. "Imperfect Platform Competition: A General Framework," Working Papers 10-17, NET Institute, revised Nov 2010.
    19. Alexandrov, Alexei & Bedre-Defolie, Özlem, 2017. "LeChatelier–Samuelson principle in games and pass-through of shocks," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 44-54.
    20. Richard Friberg & André Romahn, 2018. "Pass-Through by Multi-Product Firms," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 265-295, May.
    21. Souillard, Baptiste, 2024. "Unilateral effects of mergers with price regulation and quality competition," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    22. Patrice Bougette & Oliver Budzinski & Fr d ric Marty, 2024. "Ex-ante versus Ex-post in Competition Law Enforcement: Blurred Boundaries and Economic Rationale," Working Papers AFED 24-07, Association Francaise d'Economie du Droit (AFED), revised Sep 2024.
    23. Valentiny, Pál, 2019. "Közgazdaságtan a jogalkalmazásban [Forensic economics]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(2), pages 134-162.
    24. David E. M. Sappington & Dennis L. Weisman, 2021. "Vertical Merger Policy: Special Considerations in Regulated Industries," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(2), pages 393-407, September.
    25. Geoffrey Parker & Georgios Petropoulos & Marshall Van Alstyne, 2021. "Platform mergers and antitrust," Bruegel Working Papers 43276, Bruegel.
    26. Duarte Brito & António Osório & Ricardo Ribeiro & Hélder Vasconcelos, 2015. "Unilateral Effects Screens for Partial Horizontal Acquisitions: The Generalized HHI and GUPPI," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 02, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    27. Judd Stone & Joshua Wright, 2011. "The Sound of One Hand Clapping: The 2010 Merger Guidelines and the Challenge of Judicial Adoption," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 39(1), pages 145-158, August.
    28. Gabor Koltay & Rossitza Kotzeva & Gaëtan Lelièvre & Dimitrios Magos & Joanna Piechucka & Pierre Régibeau & Egle Skliaustyte, 2023. "Recent Developments at DG Competition: 2022/2023," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 63(4), pages 545-577, December.
    29. Pauline Affeldt & Tomaso Duso & Klaus Gugler & Joanna Piechucka, 2021. "Market Concentration in Europe: Evidence from Antitrust Markets," CESifo Working Paper Series 8866, CESifo.
    30. Moresi, Serge & Zenger, Hans, 2018. "Recapture ratios in merger analysis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 136-138.
    31. Friberg, Richard & Romahn, André, 2015. "Divestiture requirements as a tool for competition policy: A case from the Swedish beer market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1-18.
    32. Marc Bourreau & Bruno Jullien & Yassine Lefouili, 2024. "Horizontal Mergers and Incremental Innovation," Working Papers hal-04790973, HAL.
    33. Affeldt, P. & Filistrucchi, L. & Klein, T.J., 2012. "Upward Pricing Pressure in Two-Sided Markets," Other publications TiSEM cba5b630-5daa-4233-8234-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    34. Richard Schmalensee, 2012. "“On a Level with Dentists?” Reflections on the Evolution of Industrial Organization," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 41(3), pages 157-179, November.
    35. Yongmin Chen & Marius Schwartz, 2013. "Product Innovation Incentives: Monopoly vs. Competition," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 513-528, September.
    36. Farrell Joseph & Shapiro Carl, 2010. "Upward Pricing Pressure in Horizontal Merger Analysis: Reply to Epstein and Rubinfeld," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, September.
    37. Gloria Sheu & Charles Taragin, 2021. "Simulating mergers in a vertical supply chain with bargaining," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 52(3), pages 596-632, September.
    38. Joanna Fister & Catherine Matraves & Martha Stancill & Donald Stockdale & Sean Sullivan & Shane Taylor & Aleksandr Yankelevich, 2022. "Economics at the FCC 2021–22: 5G Spectrum Auctions, Affordable Connectivity, Broadband Data Collection, and Merger Review," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 61(4), pages 489-520, December.
    39. Herbert Hovenkamp, 2011. "Harm to Competition Under the 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 39(1), pages 3-18, August.
    40. Vardges Hovhannisyan, 2018. "A structural model of cost pass-through: the case of the US yogurt retailing," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 805-830, September.
    41. Neurohr, Bertram, 2018. "A merger approach to cartel overcharge analysis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 28-30.
    42. Dan Hanner & Ginger Zhe Jin & Marc Luppino & Ted Rosenbaum, 2016. "Economics at the FTC: Horizontal Mergers and Data Security," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 49(4), pages 613-631, December.
    43. Cuihong Fan & Byoung Heon Jun & Elmar G. Wolfstetter, 2017. "Optimal Licensing of Technology in the Face of (Asymmetric) Competition," Discussion Paper Series 1705, Institute of Economic Research, Korea University.
    44. Kaplow, Louis, 2015. "Market definition, market power," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 148-161.
    45. Devesh Raval & Ted Rosenbaum & Nathan E. Wilson, 2022. "Using disaster‐induced closures to evaluate discrete choice models of hospital demand," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 53(3), pages 561-589, September.
    46. Bertschek, Irene & Briglauer, Wolfgang & Hüschelrath, Kai & Krämer, Jan & Frübing, Stefan & Kesler, Reinhold & Saam, Marianne, 2016. "Metastudie zum Fachdialog Ordnungsrahmen für die Digitale Wirtschaft: Im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi)," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 147040.
    47. Kadner-Graziano, Alessandro S., 2023. "Mergers of Complements: On the Absence of Consumer Benefits," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    48. Yongmin Chen & Marius Schwartz, 2015. "Churn vs. Diversion: An Illustrative Model," Working Papers gueconwpa~15-15-07, Georgetown University, Department of Economics.
    49. Jessica Dutra & Tarun Sabarwal, 2018. "Cost Efficiencies and Upward Pricing Pressure," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 201901, University of Kansas, Department of Economics.
    50. Alexei Alexandrov, 2015. "Anti-Competitive Interconnection: the effects of the elasticity of consumers' expectations and the shape of the network effects function," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(1), pages 74-99, March.
    51. Christopher T. Conlon & Julie Holland Mortimer, 2013. "An Experimental Approach to Merger Evaluation," NBER Working Papers 19703, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    52. Nocke, Volker & Whinston, Michael D., 2020. "Concentration Screens for Horizontal Mergers," CEPR Discussion Papers 14979, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    53. Arturo García & Mariel Leal & Sang‐Ho Lee, 2020. "Welfare‐improving cooperation with a consumer‐friendly multiproduct corporation," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(7), pages 1144-1155, October.
    54. Oliver Budzinski, 2009. "Modern Industrial Economics and Competition Policy: Open Problems and Possible Limits," Working Papers 93/09, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics.
    55. Lømo, Teis Lunde, 2024. "Overlapping ownership, pass-through, and product differentiation," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    56. Jessica Dutra & Tarun Sabarwal, 2019. "Antitrust Analysis with Upward Pricing Pressure and Cost Efficiencies," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 201907, University of Kansas, Department of Economics.
    57. Beladi Hamid & Chakrabarti Avik & Marjit Sugata, 2015. "On Cross-Border Mergers and Product Differentiation," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 37-51, January.
    58. Luca Aguzzoni & Benno Buehler & Luca Martile & Ron Kemp & Anton Schwarz, 2018. "Ex-post Analysis of Mobile Telecom Mergers: The Case of Austria and The Netherlands," De Economist, Springer, vol. 166(1), pages 63-87, March.
    59. Babette Boliek & Kim Makuch & Catherine Matraves & Aleks Yankelevich, 2019. "Economics at the FCC 2018–2019: Competition, Broadband Deployment, and Transaction Review," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 55(4), pages 625-646, December.
    60. Rickert, Dennis & Wey, Christian & Haucap, Justus & Heimeshoff, Ulrich & Klein, Gordon J., 2013. "Inter-Format Competition among Retailers - The Role of Private Label Products in Market Delineation," VfS Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order 79797, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    61. Panhans, Matthew T. & Taragin, Charles, 2023. "Consequences of model choice in predicting horizontal merger effects," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    62. Correia da silva, Joao & Jullien, Bruno & Lefouili, Yassine & Pinho, Joana, 2018. "Horizontal Mergers Between Multi-Sided Platforms: Insights from Cournot Competition," TSE Working Papers 18-946, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    63. Lawrence J. White, 2012. "Market Power: How Does it Arise? How is it Measured?," Working Papers 12-06, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    64. Lawrence J. White, 2015. "The Merger Guidelines and Market Definition: A Powerful Tool for Merger Analysis," Working Papers 15-04, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    65. Michael Trost, 2021. "Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of Its Parts? Pricing Pressure Indices for Mergers of Vertically Integrated Firms," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 58(2), pages 235-262, March.
    66. Andreea Cosnita-Langlais & Bjørn Olav Johansen & Lars Sorgard, 2018. "Upward Price Pressure in Two-Sided Markets: Incorporating Feedback Effects," EconomiX Working Papers 2018-3, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    67. Siyu Ma & Debapriya Sen & Yair Tauman, 2024. "Optimal patent licensing: from three to two part tariffs," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 78(4), pages 1233-1273, December.
    68. Stöhr, Annika, 2021. "Price effects of horizontal mergers: A retrospective on retrospectives," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 151, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    69. Oliver Budzinski & Annika Stöhr, 2019. "Competition policy reform in Europe and Germany – institutional change in the light of digitization," European Competition Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(1), pages 15-54, January.
    70. Fernando Luco & Guillermo Marshall, 2021. "Diagnosing Anticompetitive Effects of Vertical Integration by Multiproduct Firms," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(2), pages 381-392, September.
    71. Paul S. Koh, 2024. "Merger Analysis with Unobserved Prices," Papers 2404.07684, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2025.
    72. Shekhar, Shiva & Wey, Christian, 2017. "Uncertain merger synergies, passive partial ownership, and merger control," DICE Discussion Papers 260, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    73. Mansley, Ryan & Miller, Nathan H. & Sheu, Gloria & Weinberg, Matthew C., 2023. "A price leadership model for merger analysis," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
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  5. Kaplow, Louis & Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "Antitrust," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt9pt7p9bm, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Russell Pittman, 2007. "Consumer Surplus as the Appropriate Standard for Antitrust Enforcement," EAG Discussions Papers 200709, Department of Justice, Antitrust Division.
    2. Mikko Packalen, 2011. "Market Share Exclusion," Working Papers 1103, University of Waterloo, Department of Economics, revised Aug 2011.
    3. Lang, Matthias, 2017. "Legal uncertainty as a welfare enhancing screen," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 274-289.
    4. Shastitko, Andrey Ye. (Шаститко, Андрей) & Pavlova, Natalia S. (Павлова, Наталья), 2018. "Wide Prospects and Ravines of Competition Policy [Широкие Перспективы И Овраги Конкурентной Политики]," Ekonomicheskaya Politika / Economic Policy, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, vol. 5, pages 110-133, October.

  6. Farrell, Joseph & Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "Improving Critical Loss Analysis," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt0ff249px, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Yan Yang, 2019. "A New Solution to Market Definition: An Approach Based on Multi-dimensional Substitutability Statistics," Papers 1906.10030, arXiv.org.

  7. Baker, Jonathan B & Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "Reinvigorating Horizontal Merger Enforcement," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt4x44j66x, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Russell Pittman, 2007. "Consumer Surplus as the Appropriate Standard for Antitrust Enforcement," EAG Discussions Papers 200709, Department of Justice, Antitrust Division.
    2. Hackbarth, Dirk & Taub, Bart, 2018. "Does the Potential to Merge Reduce Competition?," CEPR Discussion Papers 12732, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Oliver Budzinski & Isabel Ruhmer, 2009. "Merger Simulation in Competition Policy: A Survey," Working Papers 82/09, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics.

  8. Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt1qm754rc, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Jonathan Trerise, 2016. "The influence of patents on science," Politics, Philosophy & Economics, , vol. 15(4), pages 424-450, November.
    2. Darius Lakdawalla & Neeraj Sood, 2007. "The Welfare Effects of Public Drug Insurance," NBER Working Papers 13501, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Rockett, Katharine, 2010. "Property Rights and Invention," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 315-380, Elsevier.
    4. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, Bruno, 2010. "The quality factor in patent systems," CEPR Discussion Papers 7921, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Doh-Shin Jeon & Yassine Lefouili, 2013. "Cross-Licensing and Competition," Working Papers 13-11, NET Institute.
    6. Lakdawalla, Darius & Sood, Neeraj, 2009. "Innovation and the welfare effects of public drug insurance," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(3-4), pages 541-548, April.
    7. Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2015. "Patent Assertions: Are We Any Closer to Aligning Reward to Contribution?," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 16, pages 89-133, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Michele Boldrin & David K. Levine, 2012. "The case against patents," Working Papers 2012-035, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    9. Giovanni Dosi & Joseph Stiglitz, 2013. "The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Development Process, with Some Lessons from Developed Countries: An Introduction," LEM Papers Series 2013/23, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
    10. Griffith, Rachel & Lee, Sokbae & Straathof, Bas, 2017. "Recombinant innovation and the boundaries of the firm," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 34-56.
    11. Eum, Wonsub & Lee, Jeong-Dong, 2022. "The co-evolution of production and technological capabilities during industrial development," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 454-469.
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    124. Francesco Bogliacino & Alberto José Naranjo Ramos, 2008. "Optimal intellectual property rights protection: the case of Colombia," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 15(20), pages 1-15.

  10. Lemley, Mark A & Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "Patent Hold-Up and Royalty Stacking," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt8638s257, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Carl Shapiro, 2007. "Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution," NBER Working Papers 13141, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Chryssoula Pentheroudakis & Justus A. Baron, 2016. "Licensing Terms of Standard Essential Patents: A Comprehensive Analysis of Cases," JRC Research Reports JRC104068, Joint Research Centre.
    3. Chung, Jiyoon & Lorenz, Annika & Somaya, Deepak, 2019. "Dealing with intellectual property (IP) landmines: Defensive measures to address the problem of IP access," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.
    4. Haugen, Atle & Juranek, Steffen, 2021. "Classroom experiments on technology licensing: Royalty stacking, cross-licensing and patent pools," Discussion Papers 2021/3, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    5. Catherine Tucker, 2012. "Patent Trolls and Technology Diffusion," NBER Chapters, in: Standards, Patents and Innovations, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Massimo D'Antoni & Maria Alessandra Rossi, 2010. "Appropriability and Incentives with Complementary Innovations," Department of Economics University of Siena 603, Department of Economics, University of Siena.
    7. Santiago, Leonardo P. & Martinelli, Marcela & Eloi-Santos, Daniel T. & Hortac, Luciana Hashiba, 2015. "A framework for assessing a portfolio of technologies for licensing out," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 242-251.
    8. Rey, Patrick & Salant, David, 2012. "Abuse of dominance and licensing of intellectual property," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 518-527.
    9. Olena Ivus & Edwin L.-C. Lai & Ted Sichelman, 2017. "An Economic Model of Patent Exhaustion," CESifo Working Paper Series 6638, CESifo.
    10. Rockett, Katharine, 2010. "Property Rights and Invention," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 315-380, Elsevier.
    11. Carliss Y. Baldwin & Joachim Henkel, 2015. "Modularity and intellectual property protection," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(11), pages 1637-1655, November.
    12. Stefano Comino & Fabio M. Manenti & NIkolaus Thumm, 2017. "The Role of Patents in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). A survey of the Literature," "Marco Fanno" Working Papers 0212, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche "Marco Fanno".
    13. Jay Pil Choi, 2016. "FRAND Royalties and Injunctions for Standard Essential Patents," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(3), pages 233-250, July.
    14. Galetovic, Alexander & Haber, Stephen & Zaretzki, Lew, 2018. "An estimate of the average cumulative royalty yield in the world mobile phone industry: Theory, measurement and results," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 263-276.
    15. Turner, John L., 2018. "Input complementarity, patent trolls and unproductive entrepreneurship," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 168-203.
    16. Tucker, C.E., 2012. "Institutions, competition and regulation : Intellectual property and innovation," Discussion Paper 2012-030, Tilburg University, Tilburg Law and Economic Center.
    17. Righi, Cesare & Cannito, Davide & Vladasel, Theodor, 2023. "Continuing patent applications at the USPTO," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(4).
    18. Cockburn, Iain M. & MacGarvie, Megan J. & Müller, Elisabeth, 2009. "Patent thickets, licensing and innovative performance," ZEW Discussion Papers 08-101 [rev.], ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    19. David Encaoua & Yassine Lefouili, 2009. "Licensing weak patents," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00415747, HAL.
    20. Wen Wen & Marco Ceccagnoli & Chris Forman, 2013. "Patent Commons, Thickets, and Open Source Software Entry by Start-Up Firms," NBER Working Papers 19394, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    21. Galasso, Alberto & Schankerman, Mark & Serrano, Carlos J., 2013. "Trading and enforcing patent rights," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 51080, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    22. Larouche, Pierre & Schütt, Florian, 2016. "Repeated Interaction in Standard Setting," Discussion Paper 2016-021, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    23. Fischer, Timo & Henkel, Joachim, 2012. "Patent trolls on markets for technology – An empirical analysis of NPEs’ patent acquisitions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(9), pages 1519-1533.
    24. Schmidt, Klaus M., 2010. "Standards, Innovation Incentives, and the Formation of Patent Pools," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 342, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    25. Love, Brian & Lefouili, Yassine & Helmers, Christian, 2020. "Do Standard-Essential Patent Owners Behave Opportunistically? Evidence from U.S. District Court Dockets," TSE Working Papers 20-1160, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    26. Kiebzak, Stephen & Rafert, Greg & Tucker, Catherine E., 2016. "The effect of patent litigation and patent assertion entities on entrepreneurial activity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 218-231.
    27. Aineas Kostas Mallios, 2024. "Licensing and secrecy under imperfect intellectual property protection," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 97(3), pages 527-552, November.
    28. Maria Isabella Leone & Raffaele Oriani & Toke Reichstein, 2015. "How much are flexibility and uncertainty worth in patent licensing?," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 42(4), pages 371-394, December.
    29. Valerio Sterzi & Cecilia Maronero & Gianluca Orsatti & Andrea Vezzulli, 2024. "Non-practicing entities in Europe: an empirical analysis of patent acquisitions at the European Patent Office," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 33(5), pages 1271-1297.
    30. Anne Layne-Farrar & Gerard Llobet, 2012. "Payments and Participation: The Incentives to Join Cooperative Standard Setting Efforts," Working Papers wp2012_1203, CEMFI.
    31. Robert M. Hunt, 2008. "Business method patents and U.S. financial services," Working Papers 08-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    32. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2018. "A Model Of Patent Trolls," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 59(4), pages 2075-2106, November.
    33. Kathryn Rudie Harrigan & Maria Chiara DiGuardo, 2017. "Sustainability of patent-based competitive advantage in the U.S. communications services industry," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 42(6), pages 1334-1361, December.
    34. Lee, Jong-Seon & Kim, Nami & Bae, Zong-Tae, 2019. "The effects of patent litigation involving NPEs on firms’ patent strategies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    35. Yann Ménière, 2015. "Fair, Reasonable and Non-discriminatory (FRAND) Licensing Terms. Research Analysis of a Controversial Concept," Post-Print hal-01261021, HAL.
    36. Christian Le Bas & Julien Pénin, 2014. "Patents and innovation : Are the brakes broken, or how to restore patents’ dynamic efficiency ?," Working Papers of BETA 2014-02, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    37. Dirk Czarnitzki & Kristof Van Criekingen, 2021. "Information Leakage, Imitation, and the Patent System," Working Papers of Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven 682983, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven.
    38. Mueller, Elisabeth & Cockburn, Iain M. & MacGarvie, Megan, 2013. "Access to intellectual property for innovation: Evidence on problems and coping strategies from German firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 529-541.
    39. Gangopadhyay Shubhashis & Mallios Aineas & Sjögren Stefan, 2023. "Collusive Bidding, Competition Law, and Welfare," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 19(2), pages 213-231, July.
    40. Sinitsyn, Maxim, 2022. "On the inefficiencies of anti-stacking royalty clauses," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    41. Gaessler, Fabian & Harhoff, Dietmar & Sorg, Stefan, 2019. "Bargaining Failure and Freedom to Operate: Re-evaluating the Effect of Patents on Cumulative Innovation," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 220, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
    42. Nam, Ji-Hyun & Lee, Sun-Jae & Park, Sung-Pil & Lee, Il-Gu, 2023. "IP dLedger - Decentralized ledger for intellectual property administration," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PA).
    43. Dewatripont, Mathias, 2008. "'Essential' Patents, FRAND Royalties and Technological Standards," CEPR Discussion Papers 6925, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    44. Dietl, M & Skrok & Benalcazar, P & Gątkowski, M & Rockett, K, 2017. "Pendency and Thickets," Economics Discussion Papers 19979, University of Essex, Department of Economics.
    45. Adam Karbowski, 2021. "Unproductive entrepreneurship and patents," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 52(5), pages 473-494.
    46. Thitapha Wattanapruttipaisan, 2014. "Competition policy and intellectual property rights in the information and communications technology sector: Policy implications and options for ASEAN," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 28(1), pages 1-28, May.
    47. Brian D. Wright & Tiffany M. Shih, 2010. "Agricultural Innovation," NBER Working Papers 15793, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    48. Lévêque, François & Ménière, Yann, 2011. "Patent pool formation: Timing matters," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 243-251.
    49. Sim, Kyoungbo, 2020. "Injunctions and Hold-up under Weak Patent Protection," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), vol. 42(2), pages 1-30.
    50. Cotropia, Christopher A. & Lemley, Mark A. & Sampat, Bhaven, 2013. "Do applicant patent citations matter?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 844-854.
    51. Matteucci, Nicola, 2013. "Standards, IPR and digital TV convergence: theories and empirical evidence," MPRA Paper 59359, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Oct 2013.
    52. Patrick Herbst & Eric Jahn, 2017. "IP-for-IP or Cash-for-IP? R&D Competition and the Market for Technology," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 51(1), pages 75-101, August.
    53. Lu, Louis Y.Y. & Liu, John S., 2016. "A novel approach to identify the major research themes and development trajectory: The case of patenting research," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 71-82.
    54. Yuan, Xiaodong & Li, Xiaotao, 2020. "A network analytic method for measuring patent thickets: A case of FCEV technology," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    55. Rockett Katharine, 2023. "Is Data the New Gold? Considering Intellectual Property Protection and Regulation of Data," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 17(1), pages 1-15, January.
    56. Bekkers, Rudi & Tur, Elena M. & Henkel, Joachim & van der Vorst, Tommy & Driesse, Menno & Contreras, Jorge L., 2022. "Overcoming inefficiencies in patent licensing: A method to assess patent essentiality for technical standards," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(10).
    57. Francisco Polidoro & Charlotte Jacobs, 2024. "Knowledge diffusion in nascent industries: Asymmetries between startups and established firms in spurring inventions by other firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 807-845, April.
    58. Marco, Antonio De & Scellato, Giuseppe & Ughetto, Elisa & Caviggioli, Federico, 2017. "Global markets for technology: Evidence from patent transactions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(9), pages 1644-1654.
    59. DANG, Jianwei & KANG, Byeongwoo & DING, Ke, 2016. "Landscape of standard essential patents : The case of East Asian countries," IIR Working Paper 16-12, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    60. Love, Brian J. & Helmers, Christian, 2023. "Patent hold-out and licensing frictions: Evidence from litigation of standard essential patents," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    61. Byeongwoo Kang & Rudi Bekkers, 2013. "Just-in-time inventions and the development of standards: How firms use opportunistic strategies to obtain standard-essential patents (SEPs)," Working Papers 13-01, Eindhoven Center for Innovation Studies, revised Feb 2013.
    62. Buggenhagen, Magnus & Blind, Knut, 2022. "Development of 5G – Identifying organizations active in publishing, patenting, and standardization," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(4).
    63. Dong HUO & Jiangwei DANG & Kazuyuki MOTOHASHI, 2019. "Empirical Analysis of License Policy for Declared Standard-essential Patents in Setting Technology Standards," Discussion papers 19023, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    64. Llobet, Gerard & Padilla, Jorge, 2021. "A Theory of Socially-Inefficient Patent Holdout," CEPR Discussion Papers 16714, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    65. Caviggioli, Federico & Ughetto, Elisa, 2016. "Buyers in the patent auction market: Opening the black box of patent acquisitions by non-practicing entities," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 122-132.
    66. Kang, Byeongwoo & Bekkers, Rudi, 2015. "Just-in-time patents and the development of standards," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(10), pages 1948-1961.
    67. Rasmus Arler Bogetoft & Peter Bogetoft, 2022. "Market entrance, patents, and preliminary injunctions: a model of pharmaceutical patent litigation," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 379-423, June.
    68. Kathryn Rudie Harrigan & Maria Chiara Guardo & Elona Marku, 2018. "Patent value and the Tobin’s q ratio in media services," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 1-19, February.
    69. Spulber, Daniel F., 2016. "Patent licensing and bargaining with innovative complements and substitutes," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(4), pages 693-713.
    70. Arora, Ashish & Gambardella, Alfonso, 2010. "The Market for Technology," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 641-678, Elsevier.
    71. Heiden, Bowman, 2016. "The viability of FRAND: How the seminal landmark Microsoft ruling could impact the value of standard essential patents and the future of telecom standards," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(9), pages 870-887.
    72. Pénin, Julien, 2012. "Strategic uses of patents in markets for technology: A story of fabless firms, brokers and trolls," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 633-641.

  11. Shapiro, Carl, 2006. "Injunctions, Hold-Up, and Patent Royalties," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt6px3m1rb, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Graevenitz, Georg von & Wagner, Stefan & Harhoff, Dietmar, 2011. "Incidence and Growth of Patent Thickets - The Impact of Technological Opportunities and Complexity," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 356, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    2. Rey, Patrick & Salant, David, 2012. "Abuse of dominance and licensing of intellectual property," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 518-527.
    3. Padilla, Jorge & Layne-Farrar, Anna & Geradin, Damien, 2007. "Royalty Stacking in High Tech Industries: Separating Myth from Reality," CEPR Discussion Papers 6091, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Clark, Derek J. & Pereau, Jean Christophe, 2009. "Fragmented property rights and royalty bargaining," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 546-553, October.
    5. Dewatripont, Mathias, 2008. "'Essential' Patents, FRAND Royalties and Technological Standards," CEPR Discussion Papers 6925, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Richard Schmalensee, 2009. "Standard‐Setting, Innovation Specialists And Competition Policy," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(3), pages 526-552, September.
    7. Layne-Farrar, Anne & Lerner, Josh, 2011. "To join or not to join: Examining patent pool participation and rent sharing rules," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 294-303, March.
    8. Damien Geradin & Anne Layne-Farrar & A. Jorge Padilla, 2007. "Royalty Stacking in High Tech Industries: Separating Myth from Reality," Working Papers wp2007_0701, CEMFI.

  12. Shapiro, Carl, 2005. "Prior User Rights," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt2dc6p04t, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Toshihiro ICHIDA, 2013. "Imitation versus Innovation Costs: Patent policies under common patent length," Discussion papers 13054, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    2. Dyuti Banerjee & Ishita Chatterjee, 2009. "On the Impact of Piracy on Innovation in the Presence of Technological and Market Uncertainty," Monash Economics Working Papers 26-09, Monash University, Department of Economics.
    3. Emeric Henry, 2022. "Runner-Up Patents: Is Monopoly Inevitable?," Working Papers hal-03607656, HAL.
    4. Carlos J Ponce, 2007. "More Secrecy...More Knowledge Disclosure? On Disclosure Outside of Patents," Levine's Working Paper Archive 122247000000001600, David K. Levine.
    5. Zhang, Tianle, 2012. "Patenting in the shadow of independent discoveries by rivals," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 41-49.
    6. Cugno, Franco & Ottoz, Elisabetta, 2006. "Static inefficiency of compulsory licensing: Quantity vs. price competition," POLIS Working Papers 73, Institute of Public Policy and Public Choice - POLIS.
    7. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2013. "A Theory of Patent Portfolios," CESifo Working Paper Series 4405, CESifo.
    8. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2014. "Selection Biases in Complementary R&D Projects," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(4), pages 899-924, December.
    9. da Ponte, Aureliano & Leon, Gonzalo & Alvarez, Isabel, 2023. "Technological sovereignty of the EU in advanced 5G mobile communications: An empirical approach," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1).
    10. BELLELFLAMME, Paul & BLOCH , Francis & ,, 2013. "Dynamic protection of innovations through patents and trade secrets," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2013059, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    11. Klaus Kultti & Tuomas Takalo & Juuso Toikka, 2006. "Simultaneous Model of Innovation, Secrecy, and Patent Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(2), pages 82-86, May.

  13. Lemley, Mark A. & Shapiro, Carl, 2004. "Probabilistic Patents," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt9xf1488p, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Lei, Zhen & Wright, Brian D., 2017. "Why weak patents? Testing the examiner ignorance hypothesis," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 43-56.
    2. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2018. "Optimal Cross-Licensing Arrangements: Collusion versus Entry Deterrence," CESifo Working Paper Series 7151, CESifo.
    3. Kong, Dongmin & Yang, Yiwei & Wang, Qin, 2023. "Innovative efficiency and firm value: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    4. Carl Shapiro, 2007. "Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution," NBER Working Papers 13141, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Marco, Alan C., 2005. "Learning by Suing: Structural Estimates of Court Errors in Patent Litigation," Vassar College Department of Economics Working Paper Series 68, Vassar College Department of Economics.
    6. Carlo Bottai & Gaétan de Rassenfosse & Emilio Raiteri, 2025. "A new approach to measuring invention commercialization: An application to the SBIR program," Working Papers 28, Chair of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy.
    7. Schankerman, Mark & Schuett, Florian, 2016. "Screening for Patent Quality," CEPR Discussion Papers 11688, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Gaétan de Rassenfosse & Ling Zhou, 2025. "Patents and Supra-competitive Prices: Evidence from Consumer Products," Working Papers 29, Chair of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy.
    9. Federico Munari & Raffaele Oriani, 2011. "Why, When and How to Value Patents? An Introduction," Chapters, in: Federico Munari & Raffaele Oriani (ed.), The Economic Valuation of Patents, chapter 1, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    10. Iain M. Cockburn & Megan J. MacGarvie, 2006. "Entry and Patenting in the Software Industry," NBER Working Papers 12563, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Apurva Dey & Arun Kaushik & Rupayan Pal, 2017. "Probabilistic Patents, Alternative Damage Rules and Optimal Trade Policy," Working Papers id:11748, eSocialSciences.
    12. Gaetan de Rassenfosse & Kyle Higham, 2019. "Decentralising the Patent System," Working Papers 6, Chair of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy.
    13. Langinier, Corinne & Marcoul, Philippe, 2020. "Monetary and implicit incentives of patent examiners," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    14. Rabah Amir & David Encaoua & Yassine Lefouili, 2011. "Per-Unit Royalty vs Fixed Fee: The Case of Weak Patents," Working Papers halshs-00595493, HAL.
    15. Böhme, Enrico & Frank, Severin & Kerber, Wolfgang, 2016. "Optimal Incentives for Patent Challenges in the Pharmaceutical Industry," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145637, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    16. Bar, Talia & Kalinowski, Jesse, 2019. "Patent validity and the timing of settlements," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    17. Chung, Jiyoon & Lorenz, Annika & Somaya, Deepak, 2019. "Dealing with intellectual property (IP) landmines: Defensive measures to address the problem of IP access," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.
    18. Benjamin Barber & Luis Diestre, 2022. "Can firms avoid tough patent examiners through examiner‐shopping? Strategic timing of citations in USPTO patent applications," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(9), pages 1854-1871, September.
    19. Lauren Cohen & Umit Gurun & Scott Duke Kominers, 2014. "Patent Trolls: Evidence from Targeted Firms," NBER Working Papers 20322, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Matthew Mitchell & Yuzhe Zhang, 2015. "Shared Patent Rights And Technological Progress," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 56(1), pages 95-132, February.
    21. Basir, Nada & Beyhaghi, Mehdi & Mohammadi, Ali, 2014. "The Fate Of Patents: An Exploratory Analysis Of Patents As Ipo Signals Of Reputational Advantage," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 348, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    22. Malte Mosel, 2011. "Big patents, small secrets: how firms protect inventions when R&D outcome is heterogeneous," Working Papers 105, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
    23. Juranek, Steffen, 2018. "Investing in legal advice," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 28-46.
    24. Graevenitz, Georg von & Wagner, Stefan & Harhoff, Dietmar, 2011. "Incidence and Growth of Patent Thickets - The Impact of Technological Opportunities and Complexity," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 356, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    25. Gnekpe, Christian & Jimenez, Alfredo, 2023. "Smoke signal: When firms' patent strategy and local patent protection system affect equity stakes in cross-border acquisitions," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(6).
    26. Jeon, Haejun, 2015. "Patent infringement, litigation, and settlement," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 99-111.
    27. David Encaoua & Yassine Lefouili, 2005. "Choosing intellectual protection: imitation, patent strength and licensing," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques v06039, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), revised Mar 2006.
    28. Michele Bernini & Georgios Efthyvoulou & Ian Gregory-Smith & Jolian McHardy & Antonio Navas, 2014. "Interlocking Directorships and Patenting Coordination," Working Papers 2014016, The University of Sheffield, Department of Economics.
    29. Siying Yang & Fengshuo Liu & Gege Wang & Dawei Feng, 2024. "Intellectual property system and urban green innovation: Evidence from China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(1), March.
    30. Marek Jemala & Ľubomír Jemala, 2015. "How Are Technologies Patented in Developed and Developing Countries of EU? [Ako sú technológie patentované v rozvinutých a rozvíjajúcich sa krajinách európskej únie?]," Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2015(1), pages 27-44.
    31. Dennis W. Carlton, 2007. "Does Antitrust Need to be Modernized?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 21(3), pages 155-176, Summer.
    32. Choi, Jay Pil, 2009. "Alternative damage rules and probabilistic intellectual property rights: Unjust enrichment, lost profits, and reasonable royalty remedies," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 145-157, June.
    33. Schankerman, Mark & Schütt, Florian, 2016. "Screening for Patent Quality : Examination, Fees, and the Courts," Other publications TiSEM fa319822-6e68-4e05-8547-4, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    34. Barros, Henrique M., 2021. "Neither at the cutting edge nor in a patent-friendly environment: Appropriating the returns from innovation in a less developed economy," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(1).
    35. Rockett, Katharine, 2010. "Property Rights and Invention," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 315-380, Elsevier.
    36. Cheng‐Tai Wu & Tsung‐Sheng Tsai, 2024. "Patent licensing for signaling the cost‐reduction innovation: The case of the insider innovator," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 26(1), February.
    37. Chen, Wantao & Yu, Xiang & Yang, Wei, 2024. "Is worldwide patent protection converging? A cross-country index of patent protection strength 1990–2020," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    38. Hylton, Keith N. & Zhang, Mengxi, 2017. "Optimal remedies for patent infringement," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 44-57.
    39. Yun Hou & I.P.L. Png & Xi Xiong, 2023. "When stronger patent law reduces patenting: Empirical evidence," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(4), pages 977-1012, April.
    40. Cesare Righi & Timothy Simcoe, 2022. "Patenting inventions or inventing patents? Continuation practice at the USPTO," Economics Working Papers 1820, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    41. Bruno Amable & Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2006. ""Deep Pockets'', Collateral Assignments of Patents, and the Growth of Innovations," PSE Working Papers halshs-00112518, HAL.
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    183. T. Robert Fetter & Andrew L. Steck & Christopher Timmins & Douglas Wrenn, 2018. "Learning by Viewing? Social Learning, Regulatory Disclosure, and Firm Productivity in Shale Gas," NBER Working Papers 25401, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    186. Heger, Diana & Hussinger, Katrin, 2013. "External capital access and new product launch in start-up firms with uncertain intellectual property rights," ZEW Discussion Papers 13-095, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    187. Gill, Andrej & Heller, David, 2024. "Leveraging intellectual property: The value of harmonized enforcement regimes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    188. Papageorgiadis, Nikolaos & Procopiou, Andreas & Sofka, Wolfgang, 2023. "Unintended consequences of outcome based compensation – How CEO bonuses, stocks and stock options affect their firms' patent litigation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(8).
    189. Dr Chiara Rosazza Bondibene, 2012. "A Study of Patent Thickets," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 401, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
    190. LEVEQUE, François & MENIERE, Yann, 2007. "Copyright versus patents: the open source software legal battle," LIDAM Reprints CORE 1981, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    191. Juan Alcácer & Karin Beukel & Bruno Cassiman, 2015. "Capturing Value from IP in a Global Environment," Harvard Business School Working Papers 17-068, Harvard Business School.
    192. Cuihong Fan & Byoung Heon Jun & Elmar G. Wolfstetter, 2018. "Optimal licensing under incomplete information: the case of the inside patent holder," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 66(4), pages 979-1005, December.
    193. Ganguly, Madhuparna, 2021. "Competition and Innovation: the effects of scientist mobility and stronger patent rights," MPRA Paper 107831, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    194. Paul H. Jensen & Elizabeth Webster, 2004. "Factors Affecting the Power of Patent Rights," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2004n31, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    195. Lawrence J. White, 2020. "A “Primarily Property” Presumption Is—Still—Really Needed for the IP/Antitrust Interface," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 56(4), pages 715-737, June.
    196. Yoshimi Okada & Yusuke Naito & Sadao Nagaoka, 2018. "Making the patent scope consistent with the invention: Evidence from Japan," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 607-625, September.
    197. W.A. Dolfsma & G. van der Panne, 2007. "Innovations from SMEs or Large Firms? Sector Structure and Dynamics," Working Papers 07-30, Utrecht School of Economics.
    198. Paul H. Jensen & Elizabeth Webster, 2006. "Managing Knowledge Flows through Appropriation and Learning Strategies," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2006n06, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    199. Yong J. Yoon, 2017. "Buchanan on increasing returns and anticommons," Constitutional Political Economy, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 270-285, September.
    200. Seppälä, Timo & Kenney, Martin, 2012. "Competitive Dynamics, IP Litigation and Acquisitions - The Struggle for Positional Advantage in the Emerging Mobile Internet," Discussion Papers 1288, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    201. Schwiebacher, Franz, 2012. "Complementary assets, patent thickets and hold-up threats: Do transaction costs undermine investments in innovation?," ZEW Discussion Papers 12-015, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    202. H. Phoebe Chan, 2010. "The Determinants Of International Patenting For Nine Agricultural Biotechnology Firms," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(2), pages 247-278, June.
    203. Kurt von Seekamm Jr., 2017. "A Note on the Modeling of Rent Seeking," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 49(4), pages 599-606, December.
    204. Griem, Fabian & Inderst, Roman, 2020. "Bargaining over Royalties in the Shadow of Litigation," EconStor Preprints 253661, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    205. Andreas Glöckner & Janet Kleber & Stephan Tontrup & Stefan Bechtold, 2009. "The Endowment Effect in Groups with and without Strategic Incentives," Discussion Paper Series of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods 2009_35, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods.
    206. Manganelli, Anton-Giulio, 2023. "Pay-for-delay settlements and patent expansion practices," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    207. BELLELFLAMME, Paul & BLOCH , Francis & ,, 2013. "Dynamic protection of innovations through patents and trade secrets," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2013059, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    208. Aniruddha Bagchi & Arijit Mukherjee, 2011. "Commitment and excess capacity with licensing: an old debate with a new look," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 103(2), pages 133-147, June.
    209. Okada, Yoshimi, 2020. "The Screening Function of International Search Authorities under the Patent Cooperation Treaty: Evidence from the Japanese Government’s Policy Change in 1999," IIR Working Paper 20-13, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    210. Carolin Haeussler, 2011. "The Determinants of Commercialization Strategy: Idiosyncrasies in British and German Biotechnology," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(4), pages 653-681, July.
    211. Patrick Gaulé, 2006. "Towards Patent Pools in Biotechnology?," CEMI Working Papers cemi-report-2006-010, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Collège du Management de la Technologie, Management of Technology and Entrepreneurship Institute, Chaire en Economie et Management de l'Innovation.
    212. MIYAGIWA, Kaz & WAN, Yunyun, 2015. "Pharmaceutical patents and generic entry competition: the role of marketing exclusivity," Discussion paper series 2015-05, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University.
    213. WAN, Jiangyun(Yunyun), 2016. "Reverse payments and generic entry competition," IIR Working Paper 16-09, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    214. Matthew J. Higgins & Mathias J. Kronlund & Ji Min Park & Joshua Pollet, 2020. "The Role of Assets In Place: Loss of Market Exclusivity and Investment," NBER Working Papers 27588, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    215. MIYAGIWA, Kaz & WAN, Jiangyun(Yunyun), 2016. "Pharmaceutical Patents and Generic Entry Competition: A New View on the Hatch-Waxman Act," IIR Working Paper 15-18, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    216. Powell, K. Skylar & Lim, Eunah, 2022. "All or nothing: International coalitions responding to competing pressures in challenges to IP rights," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(3).
    217. Carlo Capuano & Iacopo Grassi, 2020. "Imperfect patent protection, licensing, and willingness to pay for the innovation," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 47(2), pages 333-359, June.
    218. Wilfred Dolfsma, 2008. "Innovation Systems as Patent Networks," Working Papers id:1651, eSocialSciences.
    219. Juranek, Steffen & Otneim, Håkon, 2024. "Predicting patent lawsuits with machine learning," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    220. Kwon, Seokbeom, 2021. "The prevalence of weak patents in the United States: A new method to identify weak patents and the implications for patent policy," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    221. Lee, Honggi, 2023. "The heterogeneous effects of patent scope on licensing propensity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(3).
    222. Yoshimi OKADA & Yusuke NAITO & Sadao NAGAOKA, 2016. "Contribution of Patent Examination to Making the Patent Scope Consistent with the Invention: Evidence from Japan," Discussion papers 16092, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    223. Marco, Alan C., 2006. "The Value of Certainty in Intellectual Property Rights: Stock Market Reactions to Patent Litigation," Vassar College Department of Economics Working Paper Series 82, Vassar College Department of Economics.
    224. Chipten Valibhay & Pascal Le Masson & Benoit Weil, 2019. "The 'Distinctive Capacity': Managing the invention process by managing the prior art," Post-Print hal-02095821, HAL.
    225. Rasmus Arler Bogetoft & Peter Bogetoft, 2022. "Market entrance, patents, and preliminary injunctions: a model of pharmaceutical patent litigation," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 379-423, June.
    226. Ganguly, Madhuparna, 2024. "Stronger Patent Regime, Innovation and Scientist Mobility," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(4).
    227. Alexander Cuntz & Franziska Kaiser, 2020. "Batman forever? The economics of overlapping rights," WIPO Economic Research Working Papers 61, World Intellectual Property Organization - Economics and Statistics Division.
    228. Tong, Tony W. & Zhang, Kun & He, Zi-Lin & Zhang, Yuchen, 2018. "What determines the duration of patent examination in China? An outcome-specific duration analysis of invention patent applications at SIPO," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 583-591.
    229. Goldstein, Anna P. & Narayanamurti, Venkatesh, 2018. "Simultaneous pursuit of discovery and invention in the US Department of Energy," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(8), pages 1505-1512.
    230. Sofka, Wolfgang & Papageorgiadis, Nikolaos & Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Mukundhan, K.V., 2025. "Strategic vulnerabilities of emerging market MNCs – How litigation experiences in weak patent systems increase the risks of patent litigation abroad," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 60(3).
    231. Kultti, Klaus & Takalo, Tuomas, 2008. "Optimal fragmentation of intellectual property rights," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 137-149, January.
    232. Schwiebacher, Franz, 2013. "Does fragmented or heterogeneous IP ownership stifle investments in innovation?," ZEW Discussion Papers 13-096, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

  14. Farrell, Joseph & Shapiro, Carl, 2004. "Intellectual Property, Competition, and Information Technology," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt3s03932b, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Galetovic, Alexander & Haber, Stephen & Zaretzki, Lew, 2018. "An estimate of the average cumulative royalty yield in the world mobile phone industry: Theory, measurement and results," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 263-276.
    2. Bondarev, Anton, 2018. "Does stronger intellectual property rights protection foster structural change? Effects of heterogeneity in innovations," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 26-42.
    3. Bondarev, Anton A., 2012. "Optimal control over a continuous range of homogeneous and heterogeneous innovations with finite life-cycles," MPRA Paper 40068, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. David Encaoua & Abraham Hollander, 2004. "First degree discrimination in a competitive setting: pricing and quality choice," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques v05010, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    5. Woojin Yoon & Suyeon Kwon, 2023. "The Impact of Technological and Non-technological Innovative Activities on Technological Competitiveness," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(1), pages 1-19, March.
    6. Vitor Trindade & Johannes Moenius, 2007. "Networks, Standards and Intellectual Property Rights," Working Papers 0705, Department of Economics, University of Missouri.
    7. Andrea GANZAROLI & Luigi ORSI & Chiara PIERANI & Luciano PILOTTI, 2007. "On the civic role of firms in emerging ecologies of value," Departmental Working Papers 2007-29, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano.

  15. Carl Shapiro, 2004. "Competition Policy and Innovation," Levine's Working Paper Archive 122247000000000544, David K. Levine.

    Cited by:

    1. Afonso Planas Raposo de Almeida Costa & Pedro Barros, 2012. "Does a Tougher Competition Policy Reduce or Promote Investment?," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 119-141, March.
    2. Thomas Bolli & Martin Woerter, 2013. "Competition and R&D cooperation with universities and competitors," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 38(6), pages 768-787, December.
    3. Shastitko. Andrey (Шаститко, Андрей) & Komkova, Anastasia Andreevna (Комкова, Анастасия Андреевна) & Kurdin, Alexander (Курдин, Александр) & Shastitko, Anastasia (Шаститко, Анастасия), 2016. "Competition Policy and Incentives for Innovation [Конкурентная Политика И Стимулы К Инновационной Деятельности]," Working Papers 1447, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    4. Jalles, João Tovar, 2010. "How to measure innovation? New evidence of the technology-growth linkage," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(2), pages 81-96, June.
    5. René Belderbos & Leo Sleuwaegen & Reinhilde Veugelers, 2010. "Market Integration and Technological Leadership in Europe," European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015 403, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    6. Cerulli, Giovanni, 2014. "The Impact of Technological Capabilities on Invention: An Investigation Based on Country Responsiveness Scores," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 147-165.
    7. Gernot Hutschenreiter & Gang Zhang, 2007. "China’s Quest for Innovation-Driven Growth—The Policy Dimension," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 245-254, December.
    8. Jingxiao Zhang & Haiyan Xie & Hui Li & Rose Timothy & Si Pu & Quanxue Deng & Weixing Jin, 2018. "Integrated Framework of Growth Management for Identification of Service Innovation Levels and Priorities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-33, September.
    9. Oecd, 2004. "Patents and Innovation: Trends and Policy Challenges," Levine's Working Paper Archive 122247000000000502, David K. Levine.
    10. COZZI, Guido & TAROLA, Ornella, 2004. "Mergers, innovation, and inequality," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2004006, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    11. Jorge Alves & Maria José Marques & Irina Adriana Saur, 2004. "Role of Networking in Innovation Promotion and Cluster Modernization: “House of the Future” Case," ERSA conference papers ersa04p82, European Regional Science Association.
    12. Nakagawa, Akihiko & Matsushima, Noriaki, 2023. "A note on conglomerate mergers: The Google/Fitbit case," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    13. Christine Greenhalgh & Padraig Dixon, 2002. "The Economics of Intellectual Property: A Review to Identify Themes for Future Research," Economics Series Working Papers 135, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    14. Fabienne Ilzkovitz & Adriaan Dierx & Viktoria Kovacs & Nuno Sousa, 2007. "Steps towards a deeper economic integration: the internal market in the 21st century," European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015 271, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    15. Andrey Nechaev, 2014. "Taxation as an instrument of stimulation of innovation-active business entities," Papers 1412.2746, arXiv.org.
    16. Ecker, Brigitte & Brunner, Philipp & Christmann-Budian, Stephanie & Fischl, Iris & Gassler, Helmut & Gogola, Gerald & Hartmann, Ernst & Heckl, Eva & Kaufmann, Peter & Krabel, Stefan & Mayer, Katja & M, 2019. "Österreichischer Forschungs- und Technologiebericht 2019," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 210638.

  16. Bulow, Jeremy I. & Shapiro, Carl, 2002. "The BP Amoco/ARCO Merger: Alaskan Crude Oil," Research Papers 1739r, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.

    Cited by:

    1. Ioannis N. Pinopoulos, 2020. "Upstream horizontal mergers involving a vertically integrated firm," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 130(1), pages 67-83, June.

  17. Litan, Robert E. & Shapiro, Carl, 2001. "Antitrust Policy During the Clinton Administration," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt45r5r72p, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Christodoulos Stefanadis, 2016. "Naked Exclusion and the Volatility of Innovation," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 8(3), pages 39-50, August.
    2. Neugebauer, Andrea, 2003. "Wettbewerbspolitik im institutionellen Wandel am Beispiel USA und Europa," Arbeitspapiere 36, University of Münster, Institute for Cooperatives.

  18. Shapiro, Carl, 2001. "Antitrust Limits to Patent Settlements," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt87s5j911, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2018. "Optimal Cross-Licensing Arrangements: Collusion versus Entry Deterrence," CESifo Working Paper Series 7151, CESifo.
    2. Siebert, Ralph & von Graevenitz, Georg, 2010. "Jostling for advantage or not: Choosing between patent portfolio races and ex ante licensing," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 225-245, February.
    3. Rabah Amir & David Encaoua & Yassine Lefouili, 2011. "Per-Unit Royalty vs Fixed Fee: The Case of Weak Patents," Working Papers halshs-00595493, HAL.
    4. Böhme, Enrico & Frank, Severin & Kerber, Wolfgang, 2016. "Optimal Incentives for Patent Challenges in the Pharmaceutical Industry," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145637, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    5. Matthew Mitchell & Yuzhe Zhang, 2015. "Shared Patent Rights And Technological Progress," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 56(1), pages 95-132, February.
    6. Josh Lerner & Jean Tirole, 2015. "Standard-Essential Patents," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 123(3), pages 547-586.
    7. Robert M. Hunt, 2006. "When Do More Patents Reduce R&D?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(2), pages 87-91, May.
    8. Juranek, Steffen, 2018. "Investing in legal advice," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 28-46.
    9. Bertrand Chopard & Thomas Cortade & Eric Langlais, 2014. "On patent strength, litigation costs, and patent disputes under alternative damage rules," Working Papers hal-04141316, HAL.
    10. Rockett, Katharine, 2010. "Property Rights and Invention," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 315-380, Elsevier.
    11. James J. Anton & Hillary Greene & Dennis A. Yao, 2006. "Policy Implications of Weak Patent Rights," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 6, pages 1-26, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Maurer, Stephen M. & Scotchmer, Suzanne, 2004. "Profit Neutrality in Licensing: The Boundary Between Antitrust Law and Patent Law," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt6f659351, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    13. Kresimir Zigic & Jiri Strelicky & Michael Kunin, 2013. "The Interaction between Private and Public IPR Protection in a Software Market: A Positive and Normative Analysis," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp490, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    14. Rabah Amir & David Encaoua & Yassine Lefouili, 2014. "Optimal licensing of uncertain patents in the shadow of litigation," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01087234, HAL.
    15. Nancy T. Gallini, 2002. "The Economics of Patents: Lessons from Recent U.S. Patent Reform," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(2), pages 131-154, Spring.
    16. Langinier, Corinne & Marcoul, Philippe, 2009. "Contributory infringement rule and patents," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 70(1-2), pages 296-310, May.
    17. Philipp N. Baecker, 2007. "Real Options and Intellectual Property," Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Springer, number 978-3-540-48264-2, December.
    18. Farrell, Joseph & Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "How Strong Are Weak Patents?," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt8vg425vj, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    19. Keupp, Marcus Matthias & Friesike, Sascha & von Zedtwitz, Maximilian, 2012. "How do foreign firms patent in emerging economies with weak appropriability regimes? Archetypes and motives," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(8), pages 1422-1439.
    20. Keith M. Drake & Martha A. Starr & Thomas G. McGuire, 2015. "Do "Reverse Payment" Settlements Constitute an Anticompetitive Pay-for-Delay?," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(2), pages 173-200, July.
    21. Lemley, Mark A. & Shapiro, Carl, 2004. "Probabilistic Patents," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt9xf1488p, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    22. Keith M. Drake & Martha A. Starr & Thomas McGuire, 2014. "Do "Reverse Payment" Settlements of Brand-Generic Patent Disputes in the Pharmaceutical Industry Constitute an Anticompetitive Pay for Delay?," NBER Working Papers 20292, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Katrin Cremers & Paula Schliessler, 2015. "Patent litigation settlement in Germany: why parties settle during trial," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 185-208, October.
    24. Ottoz, Elisabetta & Cugno, Franco, 2016. "Side payments, litigation risk and settlement outcomes," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 76-81.
    25. Schankerman, Mark & Schuett, Florian, 2020. "Patent Screening, Innovation, and Welfare," Other publications TiSEM 9e661f68-5210-4ca7-8b2f-6, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    26. Hovenkamp, Erik & Lemus, Jorge, 2018. "Delayed entry settlements at the patent office," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 30-38.
    27. C. Scott Hemphill & Bhaven N. Sampat, 2012. "Weak Patents Are a Weak Deterrent: Patent Portfolios, the Orange Book Listing Standard, and Generic Entry in Pharmaceuticals," NBER Chapters, in: Standards, Patents and Innovations, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    28. Eric Helland & Seth A. Seabury, 2016. "Are Settlements in Patent Litigation Collusive? Evidence from Paragraph IV Challenges," NBER Working Papers 22194, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    29. Farasat A.S. Bokhari & Franco Mariuzzo & Arnold Polanski, 2020. "Entry limiting agreements: First mover advantage, authorized generics and pay-for-delay deals," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2015-05v4, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    30. Anton‐Giulio Manganelli, 2021. "Reverse payments, patent strength, and asymmetric information," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 20-35, January.
    31. Yifan Liu & Minqiang Li & Haiyang Feng & Nan Feng, 2025. "Cross‐licensing or not: The optimal choices of competing ICT firms in a duopoly market," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(1), pages 67-87, January.
    32. Madhuparna Ganguly, 2020. "Stricter patent regime, scientist mobility and innovation," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2020-037, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    33. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2013. "Patent Pools, Litigation and Innovation," CESifo Working Paper Series 4429, CESifo.
    34. Chávez-Bustamante, Felipe & Rojas-Mora, Julio & Wong, Sulan, 2024. "Balancing act: Navigating the tensions between patenting practices and open science in Chilean academic research," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    35. Inyong Shin, 2020. "Learning advanced technology in easier ways from developed countries," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 44(1), pages 120-139, January.
    36. Yann Ménière & Sarah Parlane, 2004. "A dynamic model of cross licensing," Working Papers 200424, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    37. Mitchell, Matthew & Zhang, Yuzhe, 2012. "Shared Rights and Technological Progress," MPRA Paper 36537, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    38. Kimberlee Weatherall & Elizabeth Webster, 2014. "Patent Enforcement: A Review Of The Literature," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 312-343, April.
    39. Tang, Puay, 2005. "Digital copyright and the "new" controversy: Is the law moulding technology and innovation?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 852-871, August.
    40. Kannan, Srinivasan, 2008. "Information Economics and Intellectual Property Rights," MPRA Paper 13769, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    41. Haejun Jeon, 2016. "Patent litigation and cross licensing with cumulative innovation," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 119(3), pages 179-218, November.
    42. Giulio Federico & Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2019. "Antitrust and Innovation: Welcoming and Protecting Disruption," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 20, pages 125-190, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    43. Andreas Panagopoulos & In-Uck Park, 2016. "Patenting vs. Secrecy for Startups and the Trade of Patents as Negotiating Assets," Working Papers 1610, University of Crete, Department of Economics.
    44. Emil Palikot & Matias Pietola, 2023. "Pay‐for‐delay with settlement externalities," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 54(3), pages 387-415, September.
    45. Ganguly, Madhuparna, 2021. "Stronger Patent Regime, Innovation and Scientist Mobility," MPRA Paper 107635, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    46. Gratz, Linda, 2012. "Economic Analysis of Pay-for-delay Settlements and Their Legal Ruling," Discussion Papers in Economics 12734, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    47. Sencer Ecer & Rodrigo Montes & David Weiskopf, 2020. "On the Application of Nash Bargaining in Reverse Payment Cases in the Pharmaceutical Industry," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 133-147, August.
    48. Xinyu Hua & Kathryn E. Spier, 2021. "Settling Lawsuits with Pirates," HKUST CEP Working Papers Series 202104, HKUST Center for Economic Policy.
    49. Michael Salinger & Pauline Ippolito & Joel Schrag, 2007. "Economics at the FTC: Pharmaceutical Patent Dispute Settlements and Behavioral Economics," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 31(2), pages 85-105, September.
    50. Montez, João & Marxen, Annabelle, 2020. "Licensing at the patent cliff and market entry," CEPR Discussion Papers 14276, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    51. Jay Pil Choi, 2003. "Pools and Cross-Licensing in the Shadow of Patent Litigation," CESifo Working Paper Series 1070, CESifo.
    52. Patrick Herbst & Eric Jahn, 2017. "IP-for-IP or Cash-for-IP? R&D Competition and the Market for Technology," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 51(1), pages 75-101, August.
    53. Litan, Robert E. & Shapiro, Carl, 2001. "Antitrust Policy During the Clinton Administration," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt45r5r72p, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    54. Jiri Strelicky & Kresimir Zigic, 2011. "Intellectual Property Rights Protection and Enforcement in a Software Duopoly," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp435, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    55. Erik Hovenkamp & Jorge Lemus, 2022. "Antitrust Limits on Patent Settlements: A New Approach," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(2), pages 257-293, June.
    56. Blind, Knut & Cremers, Katrin & Mueller, Elisabeth, 2009. "The influence of strategic patenting on companies' patent portfolios," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 428-436, March.
    57. Severin Frank & Wolfgang Kerber, 2016. "Patent Settlements in the Pharmaceutical Industry: What Can We Learn From Economic Analysis?," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201601, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    58. Rahul RK Kapoor & Nicolas van Zeebroeck, 2016. "The laws of action and reaction: on determinants of patent disputes in European chemical and drug industries," Working Papers TIMES² WP 2016-019, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    59. Ottoz Elisabetta & Cugno Franco, 2012. "Does Banning Side Payments in Patent Settlements Suffice to Fully Protect Consumers?," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis. Working Papers 201201, University of Turin.
    60. Johnson, Justin P., 2014. "Defensive publishing by a leading firm," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 15-27.
    61. James Bessen & Michael J. Meurer, 2005. "Patent Litigation with Endogenous Disputes," Working Papers 0502, Research on Innovation.
    62. Régibeau, P & Rockett, K, 2004. "The Relationship Between Intellectual Property Law and Competition Law: An Economic Approach," Economics Discussion Papers 2851, University of Essex, Department of Economics.
    63. Kresimir Zigic & Jiri Strelicky & Michael Kunin, 2015. "Modeling Software Piracy Protection: Monopoly versus Duopoly," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp551, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    64. Ganguly, Madhuparna, 2021. "Competition and Innovation: the effects of scientist mobility and stronger patent rights," MPRA Paper 107831, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    65. Jung Kwan Kim & Ram Mudambi, 2020. "An ecosystem-based analysis of design innovation infringements: South Korea and China in the global tire industry," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 3(1), pages 38-57, March.
    66. Manganelli, Anton-Giulio, 2023. "Pay-for-delay settlements and patent expansion practices," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    67. Anne Duchêne & Konstantinos Serfes, 2012. "Patent Settlements as a Barrier to Entry," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(2), pages 399-429, June.
    68. Gallini, Nancy, 2014. "Cooperating with competitors: Patent pooling and choice of a new standard," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 4-21.
    69. Kwon, Seokbeom, 2021. "The prevalence of weak patents in the United States: A new method to identify weak patents and the implications for patent policy," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    70. Keith Hylton & Sungjoon Cho, 2013. "Injunctive and reverse settlements in competition-blocking litigation," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 243-269, October.
    71. Blandine Laperche, 2012. "How to Coordinate the Networked Enterprise in a Context of Open Innovation? A New Function for Intellectual Property Rights," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 3(4), pages 354-371, December.
    72. Ganguly, Madhuparna, 2024. "Stronger Patent Regime, Innovation and Scientist Mobility," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(4).
    73. Lampert, Hodaya & Wettstein, David, 2020. "Patents and pools in pyramidal innovation structures," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    74. John R. Boyce & Aidan Hollis, 2007. "Preliminary Injunctions and Damage Rules in Patent Law," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(2), pages 385-405, June.

  19. Farrell, Joseph & Shapiro, Carl, 2000. "Scale Economies and Synergies in Horizontal Merger Analysis," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt8v1500b8, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Jovanovic, Dragan & Wey, Christian, 2012. "An equilibrium analysis of efficiency gains from mergers," DICE Discussion Papers 64, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    2. Kaplow, Louis & Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "Antitrust," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt9pt7p9bm, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    3. Brianna Alderman & Roger Blair & Javier Donna, 2025. "The Microsoft Acquisition of Activision: Neither Horizontal nor Vertical," Working Papers 359, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    4. Muendler, Marc-Andreas, 2014. "Export or Merge? Proximity vs. Concentration in Product Space," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 180, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    5. Ivaldi, Marc & Motis, Jrissy, 2007. "Mergers as Auctions," IDEI Working Papers 461, Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse.
    6. Jovanovic, Dragan, 2014. "Mergers, managerial incentives, and efficiencies," DICE Discussion Papers 88 [rev.], Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    7. Packalen, Mikko & Sen, Anindya, 2013. "Static and dynamic merger effects: A market share based empirical analysis," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 12-24.
    8. Xianna Hong & Qiuhua Chen, 2022. "Research on the Impact of Merges and Acquisition Type on the Performance of Listed Agricultural Enterprises—An Analysis of Mediator Effect Based on R&D Input," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, February.
    9. Albert Banal-Estaño & Inés Macho-Stadler & Jo Seldeslachts, 2004. "Mergers, Investment Decisions and Internal Organisation," CIG Working Papers SP II 2004-13, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    10. D. Dragone & L. Lambertini & A. Mantovani, 2006. "Horizontal Mergers with Scale Economies," Working Papers 571, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    11. Motta, Massimo & Vasconcelos, Helder, 2004. "Efficiency Gains and Myopic Antitrust Authority in a Dynamic Merger Game," CEPR Discussion Papers 4175, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    12. Anna Creti & María-Eugenia Sanin, 2017. "Does environmental regulation create merger incentives?," Post-Print hal-02304293, HAL.
    13. Aura María García Pabón, editor & Ana María Pérez Herrán, editor & Ismael Beltrán Prado, editor, 2019. "Competencia económica : reflexiones sobre los diez años de la Ley 1340 de 2009," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Economía, number 80.
    14. Bonnet, Céline & Schain, Jan Philip, 2017. "An Empirical Analysis of Mergers: Efficiency Gains and Impact on Consumer Prices," TSE Working Papers 17-765, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    15. Feiqiong Chen & Qiaoshuang Meng & Fei Li, 2017. "How resource information backgrounds trigger post-merger integration and technology innovation? A dynamic analysis of resource similarity and complementarity," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 167-198, June.
    16. Cabolis, C. & Manasakis, C. & Moreno, Diego & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2016. "R&D investments fostering horizontal mergers," UC3M Working papers. Economics 23280, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    17. Giebe, Thomas & Lee, Miyu, 2019. "Competitors In Merger Control: Shall They Be Merely Heard Or Also Listened To?," MPRA Paper 62428, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Huang, Kun & Stiegert, Kyle W., 2010. "Evaluating a Supermarket Merger Event: The Case of Copps and Kohl's in Madison WI," Working Papers 201441, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Food System Research Group.
    19. Fiocco, Raffaele & Guo, Dongyu, 2014. "Mergers between regulated firms with unknown efficiency gains," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 464, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    20. Stuart V. Craig & Matthew Grennan & Ashley Swanson, 2021. "Mergers and marginal costs: New evidence on hospital buyer power," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 52(1), pages 151-178, March.
    21. Bilotkach, Volodymyr & Hüschelrath, Kai, 2012. "Airline alliances and antitrust policy: The role of efficiencies," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 76-84.
    22. Brunner, Philipp & Letina, Igor & Schmutzler, Armin, 2024. "Research joint ventures: The role of financial constraints," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    23. Keith Hylton, 2011. "Brown Shoe Versus the Horizontal Merger Guidelines," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 39(1), pages 95-106, August.
    24. Jessica Dutra & Tarun Sabarwal, 2018. "Cost Efficiencies and Upward Pricing Pressure," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 201901, University of Kansas, Department of Economics.
    25. Andrei Medvedev, 2007. "Structural Remedies in Merger Regulation in a Cournot Framework," Working Papers 07-16, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia.
    26. Moreira, David & Janda, Karel, 2017. "Measuring the M&A Value of Control and Synergy in Central and Eastern European Transition Economies with the Case of Avast -AVG Acquisition," MPRA Paper 78038, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    27. Jrisy Motis, 2007. "Mergers and Acquisitions Motives," Working Papers 0730, University of Crete, Department of Economics.
    28. Jessica Dutra & Tarun Sabarwal, 2019. "Antitrust Analysis with Upward Pricing Pressure and Cost Efficiencies," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 201907, University of Kansas, Department of Economics.
    29. Emilie Dargaud, 2013. "Horizontal mergers, efficiency gains and remedies," Post-Print halshs-00799512, HAL.
    30. Helder Vasconcelos, 2010. "Efficiency Gains And Structural Remedies In Merger Control," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(4), pages 742-766, December.
    31. Shekhar, Shiva & Wey, Christian, 2017. "Uncertain merger synergies, passive partial ownership, and merger control," DICE Discussion Papers 260, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    32. Marie Goppelsroeder & Maarten Pieter Schinkel & Jan Tuinstra, 2008. "Quantifying The Scope For Efficiency Defense In Merger Control: The Werden‐Froeb‐Index," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(4), pages 778-808, December.
    33. Duarte Brito & Ricardo Ribeiro & Helder Vasconcelos, 2017. "Quantifying the Coordinated Effects of Partial Horizontal Acquisitions," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 01, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    34. Javier Donna & Pedro Pereira, 2024. "Structural Presumptions for Non-Horizontal Mergers in the 2023 Merger Guidelines: A Primer and a Path Forwar," Working Papers 331, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    35. Vitor Costa, 2023. "Local Labor Market Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions in Developing Countries: Evidence from Brazil," Papers 2306.08797, arXiv.org.
    36. Spector, David, 2002. "Horizontal mergers, entry, and efficiency defences," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Couverture Orange) 0206, CEPREMAP.
    37. Ben Ferrett & Joanna Poyago-Theotoky, 2016. "Horizontal Agreements and R&D Complementarities: Merger versus RJV," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 87-107, February.
    38. Johan Lagerlöf & Paul Heidhues, 2002. "On the Desirability of an Efficiency Defense in Merger Control," CIG Working Papers FS IV 02-08, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    39. Paul W. Dobson & Claudio A. Piga, 2009. "Mergers and Business Model Assimilation: Evidence from Low-Cost Airlines Takeovers," Discussion Paper Series 2009_2, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, revised Feb 2009.
    40. Oliver Budzinski & Jürgen-Peter Kretschmer, 2009. "Horizontal Mergers, Involuntary Unemployment, and Welfare," MAGKS Papers on Economics 200907, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    41. Sumit K. Majumdar & Rabih Moussawi & Ulku Yaylacicegi, 2014. "Do Incumbents’ Mergers Influence Entrepreneurial Entry? An Evaluation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(3), pages 601-633, May.
    42. Albert Banal-Estañol & Jo Seldeslachts, 2005. "Merger Failures," CIG Working Papers SP II 2005-09, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    43. Saastamoinen, Antti & Bjørndal, Endre & Bjørndal, Mette, 2017. "Specification of merger gains in the Norwegian electricity distribution industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 96-107.
    44. Tsuyoshi Toshimitsu, 2019. "Analysis of Merger Control in a Network Products Market," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 87(5), pages 678-693, September.
    45. Bougette, Patrice, 2010. "Preventing merger unilateral effects: A Nash-Cournot approach to asset divestitures," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(3), pages 162-174, September.
    46. Somnath Das, 2019. "Effect of Merger on Market Price and Product Quality: American and US Airways," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 55(3), pages 339-374, November.
    47. Majumdar, Sumit K. & Yaylacicegi, Ulku & Moussawi, Rabih, 2012. "Mergers and synergy: Lessons from contemporary telecommunications history," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 140-154.
    48. Kai Hüschelrath, 2009. "Detection Of Anticompetitive Horizontal Mergers," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 5(4), pages 683-721.
    49. Diego Restrepo-Tobón & Subal Kumbhakar & Kai Sun, 2015. "Obelix vs. Asterix: Size of US commercial banks and its regulatory challenge," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 125-168, October.
    50. Vincenzo Denicolò & Michele Polo, 2018. "The innovation theory of harm: an appraisal," IEFE Working Papers 103, IEFE, Center for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics and Policy, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    51. Ralph Siebert, 2017. "Heterogeneous Merger Impacts on Competitive Outcomes," CESifo Working Paper Series 6607, CESifo.
    52. Banal-Estanol, Albert & Macho-Stadler, Ines & Seldeslachts, Jo, 2008. "Endogenous mergers and endogenous efficiency gains: The efficiency defence revisited," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 69-91, January.
    53. Jovanovic, Dragan & Wey, Christian, 2013. "Passive partial ownership, sneaky takeover, and merger control," DICE Discussion Papers 102, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    54. Duarte Brito & Margarida Catalão‐Lopes, 2019. "Are Larger Merger Synergies Bad News for Consumers? Endogenous Post‐Merger Internal Organization," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 121(4), pages 1728-1756, October.
    55. Mike Walker, 2005. "The Potential For Significant Inaccuracies In Merger Simulation Models [The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War with Itself]," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 1(3), pages 473-496.
    56. BOCCARD, Nicolas, 2009. "On efficiency, concentration and welfare," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2009040, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    57. Saastamoinen, Antti & Bjørndal, Endre & Bjørndal, Mette, 2016. "Specification of merger gains in the Norwegian electricity distribution industry," Discussion Papers 2016/7, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    58. Ma, Wenliang & Wang, Qiang & Yang, Hangjun & Zhang, Yahua, 2020. "Evaluating the price effects of two airline mergers in China," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    59. D. Dragone & L. Lambertini & A. Mantovani, 2007. "Antitrust Guidelines: A Simple Operational Method for Evaluating Horizontal Mergers," Working Papers 591, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.

  20. Shapiro, Carl, 2000. "Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt4hs5s9wk, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.

    Cited by:

    1. Andreas Reinstaller & Gerhard Schwarz, 2012. "Die wirtschafts- und forschungspolitische Bedeutung der Umsetzung der Biopatentrichtlinie im österreichischen Patentgesetz," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 44635, January.
    2. Stefano Comino & Fabio M. Manenti, 2020. "Patent Portfolios and Firms Technological Choices," "Marco Fanno" Working Papers 0254, Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche "Marco Fanno".
    3. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2018. "Optimal Cross-Licensing Arrangements: Collusion versus Entry Deterrence," CESifo Working Paper Series 7151, CESifo.
    4. Llanes Gastón & Trento Stefano, 2011. "Anticommons and Optimal Patent Policy in a Model of Sequential Innovation," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 11(1), pages 1-27, August.
    5. Raza, Werner G., 2021. "COVID-19 and the failure of pharmaceutical innovation for the global South: The example of "neglected diseases" and emerging infectious diseases," Briefing Papers 32a, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (ÖFSE).
    6. Galasso, Alberto & Schankerman, Mark, 2013. "Patents and Cumulative Innovation:Causal Evidence from the Courts," IIR Working Paper 13-16, Institute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    7. Darcy W E Allen, 2020. "When Entrepreneurs Meet:The Collective Governance of New Ideas," World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., number q0269, April.
    8. Gastón Llanes & Stefano Trento, 2010. "Patent Policy, Patent Pools, And The Accumulation Of Claims In Sequential Innovation," UFAE and IAE Working Papers 856.10, Unitat de Fonaments de l'Anàlisi Econòmica (UAB) and Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (CSIC).
    9. Meniere, Yann & Parlane, Sarah, 2010. "Decentralized licensing of complementary patents: Comparing the royalty, fixed-fee and two-part tariff regimes," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 178-191, May.
    10. ten Oever, Niels, 2023. "5G and the notion of network ideology, or: The limitations of sociotechnical imaginaries," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(5).
    11. Schankerman, Mark & Schuett, Florian, 2016. "Screening for Patent Quality," CEPR Discussion Papers 11688, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    12. Siebert, Ralph & von Graevenitz, Georg, 2010. "Jostling for advantage or not: Choosing between patent portfolio races and ex ante licensing," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 225-245, February.
    13. Jean Olson Lanjouw & Mark Schankerman, 2001. "Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights," STICERD - Economics of Industry Papers 30, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE.
    14. Arijit Mukherjee & Burcu Senalp, 2024. "Complementary inputs, outsourcing and vertical integration: Price versus quantity competition," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 92(5), pages 578-611, September.
    15. Iain M. Cockburn & Megan J. MacGarvie, 2006. "Entry and Patenting in the Software Industry," NBER Working Papers 12563, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Pardy, Martina, 2025. "Multinationals and intra-regional innovation concentration," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(6).
    17. Dietmar Harhoff & Georg von Graevenitz & Stefan Wagner, 2013. "Conflict Resolution, Public Goods and Patent Thickets," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2013-04, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    18. Ufuk Akcigit & Sina T. Ates, 2019. "What Happened to U.S. Business Dynamism?," NBER Working Papers 25756, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Dietmar Harhoff, 2006. "Patente - Segen oder Fluch für Innovationen?," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 58(54), pages 86-109, January.
    20. Cabaleiro, Goretti, 2019. "Sources of appropriation capacity in licensing agreements," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 86, pages 48-61.
    21. Marie-Laure Cabon-Dhersin & Rim Lahmandi-Ayed, 2011. "R&D Organization: Cooperation or Cross-Licensing?," Post-Print hal-02358298, HAL.
    22. Beschorner, Patrick Frank Ernst, 2008. "Do Shorter Product Cycles Induce Patent Thickets?," ZEW Discussion Papers 08-098, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    23. Alberto Galasso & Mark Schankerman, 2008. "Patent Thickets and the Market for Innovation: Evidence from Settlement of Patent Disputes," CEP Discussion Papers dp0889, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    24. Karlson, Nils & Sandström, Christian & Wennberg, Karl, 2020. "Bureaucrats or Markets in Innovation Policy? – A critique of the entrepreneurial state," Ratio Working Papers 331, The Ratio Institute.
    25. Anna Laura Baraldi & Claudia Cantabene & Giulio Perani, 2014. "Reverse causality in the R&D-patents relationship: an interpretation of the innovation persistence," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 304-326, April.
    26. Michael Noel & Mark Schankerman, 2013. "Strategic Patenting and Software Innovation," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(3), pages 481-520, September.
    27. Bruno Versaevel & Vianney Dequiedt, 2007. "Patent Pools and the Dynamic Incentives to R&D," Working Papers 0703, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Étienne (GATE Lyon St-Étienne), Université de Lyon.
    28. Roy Chowdhury, Prabal & Sengupta, Kunal, 2012. "Transparency, complementarity and holdout," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 598-612.
    29. Aleksandra Boutin, 2016. "Screening for Good Patent Pools through Price Caps on Individual Licenses," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 8(3), pages 64-94, August.
    30. Chung, Jiyoon & Lorenz, Annika & Somaya, Deepak, 2019. "Dealing with intellectual property (IP) landmines: Defensive measures to address the problem of IP access," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.
    31. Wagner, Stefan, 2006. "Business Method Patents in Europe and their Strategic Use - Evidence from Franking Device Manufacturers," Discussion Papers in Business Administration 1265, University of Munich, Munich School of Management.
    32. Li, Lanhua & Xin, Daqi & Yang, Xi & Yu, Xiaodan, 2025. "How does patent portfolio structure affect patent value in different technological environments? Evidence from Chinese high-tech industries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    33. Benjamin Barber & Luis Diestre, 2022. "Can firms avoid tough patent examiners through examiner‐shopping? Strategic timing of citations in USPTO patent applications," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(9), pages 1854-1871, September.
    34. Dan Prud’homme & Tony W. Tong, 2024. "Rethinking firm-specific advantages from intellectual property rights: Boundary conditions for MNEs," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 55(1), pages 91-109, February.
    35. Blandine Laperche, 2021. "Large Firms’ Knowledge Capital and Innovation Networks," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(1), pages 183-200, March.
    36. Grimpe, Christoph & Hussinger, Katrin, 2014. "Pre-empted patents, infringed patents and firms’ participation in markets for technology," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 543-554.
    37. Thomas D. Jeitschko & Nanyun Zhang, 2012. "Adverse Effects of Patent Pooling on Product Development and Commercialization," EAG Discussions Papers 201205, Department of Justice, Antitrust Division.
    38. Ismaël Benslimane & Paolo Crosetto & Raul Magni Berton & Simon Varaine, 2020. "Intellectual property reform in the laboratory," Working Papers hal-02794343, HAL.
    39. Haugen, Atle & Juranek, Steffen, 2021. "Classroom experiments on technology licensing: Royalty stacking, cross-licensing and patent pools," Discussion Papers 2021/3, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    40. Basir, Nada & Beyhaghi, Mehdi & Mohammadi, Ali, 2014. "The Fate Of Patents: An Exploratory Analysis Of Patents As Ipo Signals Of Reputational Advantage," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 348, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    41. Alexandrov, Alexei & Pittman, Russell & Ukhaneva, Olga, 2018. "Pricing of Complements in the U.S. freight railroads: Cournot versus Coase," MPRA Paper 86279, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    42. Laurent Linnemer, 2022. "Doubling Back on Double Marginalization," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 61(1), pages 1-19, August.
    43. Zhang, Wenyue & Sun, Chuanwang, 2024. "Do multinational enterprises’ overseas investment activities promote their green transition performance? Evidence from Chinese listed companies," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 594-608.
    44. Sternitzke, Christian, 2013. "An exploratory analysis of patent fencing in pharmaceuticals: The case of PDE5 inhibitors," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 542-551.
    45. Robert M. Hunt, 2006. "When Do More Patents Reduce R&D?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(2), pages 87-91, May.
    46. Gersbach, Hans & Schneider, Maik & Schetter, Ulrich, 2015. "How Much Science? The 5 Ws (and 1 H) of Investing in Basic Research," CEPR Discussion Papers 10482, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    47. Massimo D'Antoni & Maria Alessandra Rossi, 2010. "Appropriability and Incentives with Complementary Innovations," Department of Economics University of Siena 603, Department of Economics, University of Siena.
    48. Gallini, Nancy & Scotchmer, Suzanne, 2001. "Intellectual Property: When Is It the Best Incentive System?," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt9wx2c2hz, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    49. Dennis W. Carlton, 2007. "Does Antitrust Need to be Modernized?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 21(3), pages 155-176, Summer.
    50. Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj & Skaksen, Jan Rose, 2004. "Changes in Demand for Skilled Labour in Denmark – A Disaggregate Perspective," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, vol. 2004(1), pages 67-80.
    51. Illoong Kwon, 2008. "Patent Portfolio Race and Secrecy," Discussion Papers 08-05, University at Albany, SUNY, Department of Economics.
    52. Schankerman, Mark & Schütt, Florian, 2016. "Screening for Patent Quality : Examination, Fees, and the Courts," Other publications TiSEM fa319822-6e68-4e05-8547-4, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    53. Michel Trommetter, 2010. "Flexibility in the implementation of intellectual property rights in agricultural biotechnology," Post-Print hal-02665179, HAL.
    54. Balbuzanov, Ivan & Kotowski, Maciej H., 2017. "Endowments, Exclusion, and Exchange," Working Paper Series rwp17-016, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
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    56. Rockett, Katharine, 2010. "Property Rights and Invention," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 315-380, Elsevier.
    57. H. Kevin Steensma & Mukund Chari & Ralph Heidl, 2016. "A Comparative Analysis of Patent Assertion Entities in Markets for Intellectual Property Rights," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 27(1), pages 2-17, February.
    58. Gregory Graff & David Roland Holst & David Zilberman, 2010. "Biotechnology and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries," Working Papers id:2579, eSocialSciences.
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    9. Carlton, Dennis W. & Waldman, Michael, 2000. "Competition, Monopoly, and Aftermarkets," Working Papers 164, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
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    38. Sherzod B. Akhundjanov & Ben O. Smith & Max St. Brown, 2023. "Path Dependence as a Path to Consumer Surplus and Loyalty," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 63(1), pages 1-20, August.
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    1. Isabelle Brocas, 2003. "Les enjeux de la réglementation de la recherche et développement," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 113(1), pages 125-148.
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    2. Wu, Chien-Wei & Gong, Jyh-Chyi & Chiu, Hsien-Hung, 2016. "Duopoly competition with non-deceptive counterfeiters," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 33-40.
    3. Meng Li & Suresh P. Sethi & Jun Zhang, 2016. "Competing with bandit supply chains," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 240(2), pages 617-640, May.
    4. Michele Caputo & Francesco Forte & Michela Mantovani, 2014. "Long-run and shorter-run criminal cycles in the public economics of public bads," Chapters, in: Francesco Forte & Ram Mudambi & Pietro Maria Navarra (ed.), A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics, chapter 22, pages 503-542, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Sun, Jiong & Zhang, Xing & Zhu, Qingyuan, 2020. "Counterfeiters in Online Marketplaces: Stealing Your Sales or Sharing Your Costs," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 189-202.
    6. Fridman, A. & Verbetskaia, V., 2025. "Anti-counterfeiting policy at pharmaceutical market: Game-theoretic analysis," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 66(1), pages 159-176.
    7. Alessandro Melcarne & Koji Domon & Giovanni Battista Ramello, 2022. "Fake & original: the case of Japanese food in Southeast Asian countries," Post-Print hal-03688743, HAL.
    8. Naoum-Sawaya, Joe & Elhedhli, Samir & De Carvalho, Paulo, 2023. "Strategic blockchain adoption to deter deceptive counterfeiters," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 311(1), pages 373-386.
    9. Camera, Gabriele, 2001. "Dirty money," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 377-415, April.
    10. Leung, Tin Cheuk & Ng, Travis & Ho, Chun-Yu & Chao, Hong, 2013. "To Root or Not to Root? The Economics of Jailbreak," MPRA Paper 47409, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Laura Alfaro & Cathy Bao & Maggie X. Chen & Junjie Hong & Claudia Steinwender, 2022. "Omnia Juncta in Uno*: foreign powers and trademark protection in Shanghai's concession era," CEP Discussion Papers dp1827, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    12. Reza Ahmadi & B. Rachel Yang, 2000. "Parallel Imports: Challenges from Unauthorized Distribution Channels," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 19(3), pages 279-294, March.
    13. Marta Biancardi & Andrea Di Liddo & Giovanni Villani, 2022. "How do Fines and Their Enforcement on Counterfeit Products Affect Social Welfare?," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 60(4), pages 1547-1573, December.
    14. Bate, Roger & Jin, Ginger Zhe & Mathur, Aparna, 2011. "Does price reveal poor-quality drugs? Evidence from 17 countries," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 1150-1163.
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    16. Laura Alfaro & Cathy Ge Bao & Maggie X. Chen & Junjie Hong & Claudia Steinwender, 2022. "Trademarks as Intellectual Property: Information Frictions, Firm Growth, and Competition," NBER Working Papers 29721, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    18. Florence Kremer & Viot Catherine & André Le Roux & Ingrid Poncin, 2008. "The Consumer and Counterfeit: A Comparison between Belgian and French People [Les consommateurs face à la contrefaçon : une comparaison entre Belges et Français]," Post-Print halshs-02530488, HAL.
    19. Rangnekar, Dwijen, 2004. "Demanding Stronger Protection for Geographical Indications: The Relationship between Local Knowledge, Information and Reputation," UNU-INTECH Discussion Paper Series 2004-11, United Nations University - INTECH.
    20. Christodoulides, George & Athwal, Navdeep & Boukis, Achilleas & Semaan, Rania W., 2021. "New forms of luxury consumption in the sharing economy," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 89-99.
    21. Beqiraj, Elton & Fedeli, Silvia & Giuriato, Luisa, 2020. "Policy tolerance of economic crime? An empirical analysis of the effect of counterfeiting on Italian trade," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    22. Randhawa, Praneet & Calantone, Roger J. & Voorhees, Clay M., 2015. "The pursuit of counterfeited luxury: An examination of the negative side effects of close consumer–brand connections," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(11), pages 2395-2403.
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    25. He, Chao & Tan, Chunqiao & Ip, W.H. & Wu, C.H., 2023. "Combating counterfeits with the Blockchain-technology-supported platform under government enforcement," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
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    27. Daouda Coulibaly & Oliviane Brodin & Richard Ladwein, 2011. "Marques de luxe, logique identitaire, contrefaçon et risque de bannissement communautaire : le cas des « Sapeurs » noirs africains," Post-Print hal-03350318, HAL.
    28. Nikolaus Thumm & Vincenzo Butticè & Federico Caviggioli & Chiara Franzoni & Giuseppe, Scellato, 2018. "Impact of counterfeiting on the performance of digital technology companies," JRC Working Papers on Digital Economy 2018-03, Joint Research Centre.
    29. André Le Roux & Marinette Thébault & François Bobrie, 2015. "Les consommateurs de contrefaçon : le prix n'est pas la seule motivation," Post-Print halshs-02530112, HAL.
    30. Andrea Di Liddo, 2018. "Does counterfeiting benefit genuine manufacturer? The role of production costs," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 81-125, February.
    31. Benhamou, Francoise & Ginsburgh, Victor, 2006. "Copies of Artworks: The Case of Paintings and Prints," Handbook of the Economics of Art and Culture, in: V.A. Ginsburgh & D. Throsby (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Art and Culture, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 8, pages 253-283, Elsevier.
    32. Catherine Viot & André Le Roux & Florence Kremer, 2014. "Attitude towards the purchase of counterfeits: antecedents and effect on intention to purchase [Attitude envers l'achat de contrefaçons : déterminants et effet sur l'intention d'achat]," Post-Print hal-01803846, HAL.
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    36. Pittiglio, Rosanna, 2024. "Counterfeiting and firm survival. Evidence from the Italian manufacturing industry," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(2).
    37. Mukherjee, Srabanti & Datta, Biplab, 2025. "Counterfeit conundrum: Insights into bottom of the pyramid consumer behavior in India," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    38. Li, Zhiwen & Xu, Xianhao & Bai, Qingguo & Guan, Xu & Zeng, Kuan, 2021. "The interplay between blockchain adoption and channel selection in combating counterfeits," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
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    61. Li, Xuelin & Liu, Tong & Taylor, Lucian A., 2023. "Common ownership and innovation efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(3), pages 475-497.
    62. Nisvan Erkal & Deborah Minehart, 2013. "Optimal Sharing Strategies in Dynamic," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 1174, The University of Melbourne.
    63. Nguyen, Thang, 2004. "Technological Progress in Races for Product Supremacy," MPRA Paper 235, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 18 Jul 2006.
    64. Richard Gilbert, 2006. "Looking for Mr. Schumpeter: Where Are We in the Competition-Innovation Debate?," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 6, pages 159-215, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    65. Tannista Banerjee & Ralph Siebert, 2017. "The Impact of R&D Cooperations and Mergers in Pharmaceuticals on Research Activities and Drugs Offered on the Market," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 84(1), pages 202-228, July.

  32. Ordover, Janusz A. & Shapiro, Carl, 1983. "Advances in Supervision Technology and Economic Welfare: A General Equilibrium Analysis," Working Papers 83-18, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University.

    Cited by:

    1. Strand, Jon, 1999. "Efficient environmental taxation under moral hazard," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 73-88, March.
    2. Strand, J., 1998. "Bargaining Versus Efficiency Wages in a Dynamic Labor Market: A Synthesis," Memorandum 22/1998, Oslo University, Department of Economics.
    3. Jon Strand, 2003. "Wage Bargaining Versus Efficiency Wages: A Synthesis," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(1), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Joseph E. Stiglitz, 1993. "Post Walrasian and Post Marxian Economics," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 7(1), pages 109-114, Winter.

Articles

  1. Carl Shapiro & Howard Shelanski, 2021. "Judicial Response to the 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 58(1), pages 51-79, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Carl Shapiro, 2021. "Vertical Mergers and Input Foreclosure Lessons from the AT&T/Time Warner Case," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(2), pages 303-341, September.
    2. Shawn W Ulrick & Mark D Williams, 2024. "“Multi-Product Critical Loss: Allowing for Varying Margins, Prices, and Quantities in the Candidate Antitrust Market”," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(1-2), pages 60-84.
    3. John W. Mayo & Robert Press & Mark Whitener, 2025. "Understanding Early-Stage Merger Investigations: What Drives the Antitrust Agencies?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 67(2), pages 133-159, August.
    4. Carl Shapiro, 2024. "Evolution of the Merger Guidelines: Is This Fox Too Clever by Half?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 65(1), pages 147-175, August.
    5. Louis Kaplow, 2024. "The 2023 Merger Guidelines and Market Definition: Doubling Down or Folding?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 65(1), pages 7-37, August.
    6. Lancieri, Filippo Maria & Valleti, Tommaso, 2024. "Towards an effective merger review policy: A defence of rebuttable structural presumptions," Working Papers 345, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.

  2. Carl Shapiro, 2021. "Vertical Mergers and Input Foreclosure Lessons from the AT&T/Time Warner Case," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(2), pages 303-341, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Hendrik Döpper & Geza Sapi & Christian Wey, 2024. "A bargaining perspective on vertical integration," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 199-224, February.
    2. Roger D. Blair, 2021. "The 2020 Vertical Merger Guidelines," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(2), pages 133-138, September.
    3. Javier Donna & Pedro Pereira, 2024. "Structural Presumptions for Non-Horizontal Mergers in the 2023 Merger Guidelines: A Primer and a Path Forwar," Working Papers 331, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    4. Federico Etro, 2021. "Hybrid Marketplaces with Free Entry of Sellers," Working Papers - Economics wp2021_21.rdf, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa.
    5. William P. Rogerson, 2021. "The Upstream Pass-Through Rate, Bargaining Power and the Magnitude of the Raising Rivals’ Costs (RRC) Effect," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 59(2), pages 205-227, September.
    6. Pittman, Russell, 2024. "Should conditions regarding non-discrimination be imposed in vertical mergers? The Surface Transportation Board on the acquisition of the Kansas City Southern Railway by the Canadian Pacific," MPRA Paper 123063, University Library of Munich, Germany.

  3. Giulio Federico & Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2020. "Antitrust and Innovation: Welcoming and Protecting Disruption," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 20(1), pages 125-190.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  4. Carl Shapiro, 2019. "Protecting Competition in the American Economy: Merger Control, Tech Titans, Labor Markets," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 33(3), pages 69-93, Summer.

    Cited by:

    1. Vaziri, M., 2022. "Antitrust Law and Business Dynamism," Janeway Institute Working Papers 2219, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    2. Jarosch, Gregor & Nimczik, Jan Sebastian, 2019. "Granular Search, Market Structure, and Wages," CEPR Discussion Papers 14231, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Xie, Yu & Wu, Desheng, 2024. "How does competition policy affect enterprise digitization? Dual perspectives of digital commitment and digital innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    4. Brianna L. Alderman & Roger D. Blair & Javier D. Donna, 2025. "The Microsoft Acquisition of Activision: Neither Horizontal nor Vertical," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(7), pages 3713-3728, October.
    5. Daan Freeman & Leon Bettendorf & Gerrit Hugo van Heuvelen & Gerdien Meijerink, 2024. "Business Dynamics and Productivity Growth in the Netherlands," CESifo Working Paper Series 11071, CESifo.
    6. Brianna Alderman & Roger Blair & Javier Donna, 2025. "The Microsoft Acquisition of Activision: Neither Horizontal nor Vertical," Working Papers 359, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    7. Budzinski, Oliver & Stöhr, Annika, 2024. "Perfect competition, market power, and contestability," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 189, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    8. Beatriz Kira & Vikram Sinha & Sharmadha Srinivasan, 2021. "Regulating digital ecosystems: bridging the gap between competition policy and data protection [Merger policy in digital markets: an ex post assessment]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 30(5), pages 1337-1360.
    9. Monica Langella & Alan Manning, 2021. "The measure of monopsony," CEP Discussion Papers dp1780, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    10. Ayoubi, Charles, 2020. "Machine learning in healthcare: Mirage or miracle for breaking the costs dead-lock?," Thesis Commons tc24d, Center for Open Science.
    11. Montag, Felix, 2023. "Mergers, foreign competition, and jobs: Evidence from the U.S. appliance industry," Working Papers 326, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
    12. Felix Montag, 2023. "Mergers, Foreign Competition, and Jobs: Evidence from the U.S. Appliance Industry," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 378, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
    13. Sumit K. Majumdar, 2021. "Horizontal shareholding, technology, and compensation: An evaluation," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(7), pages 1836-1848, October.
    14. Lawrence J. White, 2022. "Antitrust policy for the 2020s: Some sensible ways forward," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(3), pages 1293-1312, September.
    15. Ikechukwu Nwabufo & Daberechukwu Egbo, 2025. "Reevaluating American Antitrust Laws Towards Unlocking Manufacturing Competitiveness," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(4), pages 869-879, April.
    16. Ritz, R., 2019. "Does competition increase pass-through?," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1974, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    17. Jean-Philippe Tropeano, 2020. "Ex ante or Ex post? When the timing of merger assessment is up to the merging firms," Post-Print halshs-02875213, HAL.
    18. Christian Reiner & Christian Bellak, 2023. "Hat die ökonomische Macht von Unternehmen in Österreich zugenommen? Teil 1," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 49(1), pages 21-59.
    19. Kadner-Graziano, Alessandro S., 2023. "Mergers of Complements: On the Absence of Consumer Benefits," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    20. Antoine Dubus & Patrick Legros, 2022. "The Sale of Data :Learning Synergies Before M&As," Working Papers ECARES 2022-20, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    21. Dominic Chalmers & Niall G. MacKenzie & Sara Carter, 2021. "Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship: Implications for Venture Creation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 45(5), pages 1028-1053, September.
    22. R. Andrew Butters & Thomas N. Hubbard, 2023. "Industry Structure, Segmentation, and Quality Competition in the U.S. Hotel Industry," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 71(2), pages 491-537, June.
    23. Michael Böhm & Daniel Metzger & Per Strömberg, 2022. "“Since You’re So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart”: Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 147, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    24. Gábor Koltay & Szabolcs Lorincz & Tommaso Valletti, 2023. "Concentration and Competition: Evidence From Europe and Implications For Policy1," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(3), pages 466-501.
    25. Gorecki, Paul, 2021. "A Change in Direction for Merger Control in Ireland: An Ex Ante/Ex Post Case Study Evaluation," MPRA Paper 108743, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    26. Shanks, Olga, 2024. "Increasing returns to scale and markups," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 257-267.
    27. Robert W. Crandall, 2025. "Towards a More Vigorous Antitrust Policy?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 66(1), pages 7-22, January.
    28. Steven T. Berry & Martin Gaynor & Fiona Scott Morton, 2019. "Do Increasing Markups Matter? Lessons from Empirical Industrial Organization," NBER Working Papers 26007, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    29. Rao Tahir Anees & Nordiana Ahmad Nordin & Temoor Anjum & Luigi Pio Leonardo Cavaliere & Petra Heidler, 2020. "Evaluating the Impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Strategies on Customer Retention (A Study of Fast Food Chains in Pakistan)," Business Management and Strategy, Macrothink Institute, vol. 11(2), pages 117-133, December.
    30. Daan Freeman & Leon Bettendorf & Harro van Heuvelen & Gerdien Meijerink, 2021. "The contribution of business dynamics to productivity growth in the Netherlands," CPB Discussion Paper 427, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    31. Feld, Lars P. & Nientiedt, Daniel, 2022. "Hayekian economic policy," Freiburg Discussion Papers on Constitutional Economics 22/1, Walter Eucken Institut e.V..
    32. Schmal W. Benedikt, 2023. "Downstream Profit Effects of Horizontal Mergers: Horn & Wolinsky and von Ungern-Sternberg Revisited," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(4), pages 981-1000, October.
    33. Eric Darmon & Thomas Le Texier & Zhiwen Li & Thierry Pénard, 2019. "Multimarket Contact and Platform Competition: Reassessing the Mutual Forbearance Hypothesis," Economics Working Paper Archive (University of Rennes & University of Caen) 2019-07, Center for Research in Economics and Management (CREM), University of Rennes, University of Caen and CNRS.
    34. Javier Donna & Pedro Pereira, 2024. "Structural Presumptions for Non-Horizontal Mergers in the 2023 Merger Guidelines: A Primer and a Path Forwar," Working Papers 331, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    35. Li, Ruoqi & Ren, Xingzi, 2025. "How legal advisors affect mergers and acquisitions: Evidence from high tech industries," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    36. Corinne Langinier & Amrita Ray Chaudhuri, 2024. "Merger Review under Asymmetric Information," Working Papers 2024-09, University of Alberta, Department of Economics.
    37. Böhm, Michael Johannes & Metzger, Daniel & Strömberg, Per, 2022. "'Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart': Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium," IZA Discussion Papers 15337, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    38. Gábor Koltay & Szabolcs Lorncz & Tommaso M. Valletti, 2022. "Concentration and Competition: Evidence from Europe and Implications for Policy," CESifo Working Paper Series 9640, CESifo.
    39. Armel Jacques, 2020. "Le contrôle des concentrations dans le secteur de la distribution: application au projet de rachat de Vindémia par GBH," Post-Print hal-03546563, HAL.
    40. Éric Darmon & Thomas Le Texier & Zhiwen Li & Thierry Pénard, 2025. "Multimarket Contact, Cross-Market Externalities and Platform Competition," Working Papers hal-05058114, HAL.
    41. Stephen Davies, 2022. "Competition and Concentration: Charting the Faultlines," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2021-11, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    42. Montag, Felix, 2022. "Mergers, Foreign Entry, and Jobs: Evidence from the U.S. Appliance Industry," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 2207, CEPREMAP.
    43. Min-Hyuk Cho & Chan-Goo Yi, 2022. "Adaptive Social Innovation Derived from Digital Economy and Its Impact on Society and Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    44. Feld, Lars P. & Nientiedt, Daniel, 2023. "Examining the ordoliberal tradition in classical liberal thought," Freiburg Discussion Papers on Constitutional Economics 23/5, Walter Eucken Institut e.V..
    45. Gilbert, Richard J., 2021. "Separation: A Cure for Abuse of Platform Dominance?," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    46. Budzinski, Oliver & Stöhr, Annika, 2020. "Ministererlaubnis für Kartellfälle: Kooperation im Sinne des Gemeinwohls?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 143, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    47. Monica Langella & Alan Manning, 2021. "Marshall Lecture 2020: The Measure of Monopsony [Monopsony in the UK]," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 19(6), pages 2929-2957.
    48. Anderton, Robert & Jarvis, Valerie & Labhard, Vincent & Morgan, Julian & Petroulakis, Filippos & Vivian, Lara, 2020. "Virtually everywhere? Digitalisation and the euro area and EU economies," Occasional Paper Series 244, European Central Bank.
    49. Carl Shapiro, 2024. "Evolution of the Merger Guidelines: Is This Fox Too Clever by Half?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 65(1), pages 147-175, August.
    50. Joeseph Carr & Stephen Davies, 2022. "Seller versus Producer concentration: incorporating the impact of foreign trade," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2022-05, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    51. Ronald R. Kumar & Peter J. Stauvermann, 2022. "Imperfect Competition, Real Estate Prices and New Stylized Facts," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, February.
    52. Peter J. Stauvermann & Jin Hu & Ronald R. Kumar, 2025. "The effects of imperfect competition and antitrust measures in a three-sector OLG model," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 146(2), pages 145-186, October.
    53. R. Andrew Butters & Thomas N. Hubbard, 2019. "Industry Structure, Segmentation, and Competition in the U.S. Hotel Industry," NBER Working Papers 26579, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    54. Saxell, Tanja & Nurminen, Mikko, 2020. "Physician Prices and Competition: Evidence from Acquisitions in the Private Health Care Sector," Working Papers 130, VATT Institute for Economic Research.
    55. Ronald R. Kumar & Peter J. Stauvermann, 2020. "Economic and Social Sustainability: The Influence of Oligopolies on Inequality and Growth," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-23, November.
    56. Rabbani, Maysam, 2021. "Mergers with Future Rivals Can Boost Prices, Intensify Market Concentration, and Bar Entry," MPRA Paper 112864, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 26 Apr 2022.
    57. Patel, Pankaj C. & Oghazi, Pejvak & Arunachalam, S., 2023. "Does consumer privacy act influence firm performance in the retail industry? Evidence from a US state-level law change," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    58. Stephen Davies, 2022. "Concentration and Diversification in a Small Island Economy: Mauritius," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2021-13, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    59. Oz Shy, 2021. "College Education, Earning Inequality, and Market Power," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 334-357, December.
    60. Samuel Vika Mhlanga & Neil Andrew Rankin, 2021. "Fixed costs, markups and concentration in Eswatini (Swaziland): A firm‐level analysis of panel data," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 89(3), pages 391-416, September.

  5. Shapiro, Carl, 2018. "Antitrust in a time of populism," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 714-748.

    Cited by:

    1. Aurelien Portuese, 2020. "Beyond antitrust populism: Towards robust antitrust," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(2), pages 237-258, June.
    2. Brianna L. Alderman & Roger D. Blair & Javier D. Donna, 2025. "The Microsoft Acquisition of Activision: Neither Horizontal nor Vertical," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(7), pages 3713-3728, October.
    3. Brianna Alderman & Roger Blair & Javier Donna, 2025. "The Microsoft Acquisition of Activision: Neither Horizontal nor Vertical," Working Papers 359, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    4. Kaczmarczyk, Patrick, 2020. "Growth models and the footprint of transnational capital," MaxPo Discussion Paper Series 20/2, Max Planck Sciences Po Center on Coping with Instability in Market Societies (MaxPo).
    5. Iootty De Paiva Dias,Mariana & Pop,Georgiana & Pena,Jorge O., 2020. "Corporate Market Power in Romania : Assessing Recent Trends, Drivers, and Implications for Competition," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9487, The World Bank.
    6. Kenji Fujiwara, 2020. "Revenue-Neutral Tax Reform in Vertically Related Markets," Discussion Paper Series 207, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University.
    7. Miller, Nathan H., 2025. "Industrial organization and The Rise of Market Power," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    8. Mr. Federico J Diez & Mr. Daniel Leigh & Suchanan Tambunlertchai, 2018. "Global Market Power and its Macroeconomic Implications," IMF Working Papers 2018/137, International Monetary Fund.
    9. Padmashree Gehl Sampath & Walter Park, 2019. "Do Patents Lead to Market Concentration and Excess Profits?," GDAE Working Papers 19-02, GDAE, Tufts University.
    10. Jan Weber, Ellis Scharfenaker, 2022. "Measures of firm performance and concentration: stylized facts and a dilemma of data reproduction," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, University of Utah 2022_03, University of Utah, Department of Economics.
    11. Pepall, Lynne & Richards, Daniel, 2025. "Targeted advertising, concentration, and consumer welfare," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    12. Pauline Affeldt & Tomaso Duso & Klaus Gugler & Joanna Piechucka, 2021. "Market Concentration in Europe: Evidence from Antitrust Markets," CESifo Working Paper Series 8866, CESifo.
    13. Benkard, C. Lanier & Yurukoglu, Ali & Zhang, Anthony Lee, 2021. "Concentration in Product Markets," Working Papers 308, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
    14. Lawrence J. White, 2022. "Antitrust policy for the 2020s: Some sensible ways forward," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(3), pages 1293-1312, September.
    15. Schmutzler, Armin & Letina, Igor & Seibel, Regina, 2021. "Killer Aquisitions and Beyond: Policy Effects on Innovation Strategies," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242420, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    16. Carl Shapiro, 2019. "Protecting Competition in the American Economy: Merger Control, Tech Titans, Labor Markets," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 33(3), pages 69-93, Summer.
    17. Moreno, Diego & Petrakis, Emmanuel, 2024. "General equilibrium, welfare and policy when firms have market power," UC3M Working papers. Economics 45283, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía.
    18. Jean-Philippe Tropeano, 2020. "Ex ante or Ex post? When the timing of merger assessment is up to the merging firms," Post-Print halshs-02875213, HAL.
    19. William Maloney & Pablo Garriga & Marcela Meléndez & Raúl Morales & Charl Jooste & James Sampi & Jorge Thompson Araujo & Ekaterina Vostroknutova, "undated". "Latin America and the Caribbean Economic Review, April 2024 - Competition: The Missing Ingredient for Growth? [Informe Económico América Latina y el Caribe, Abril 2024: Competencia: ¿el ingrediente," World Bank Publications - Reports 41230, The World Bank Group.
    20. Kadner-Graziano, Alessandro S., 2023. "Mergers of Complements: On the Absence of Consumer Benefits," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    21. Calligaris, Sara & Chaves, Miguel & Criscuolo, Chiara & De Lyon, Joshua & Greppi, Andrea & Pallanch, Oliviero, 2024. "Industry concentration in Europe: Trends and methodological insights," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126768, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    22. R. Andrew Butters & Thomas N. Hubbard, 2023. "Industry Structure, Segmentation, and Quality Competition in the U.S. Hotel Industry," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 71(2), pages 491-537, June.
    23. Eric Barrette & Gautam Gowrisankaran & Robert Town, 2020. "Countervailing Market Power and Hospital Competition," NBER Working Papers 27005, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    24. Díez, Federico J. & Fan, Jiayue & Villegas-Sánchez, Carolina, 2021. "Global declining competition?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    25. Robert W. Crandall, 2025. "Towards a More Vigorous Antitrust Policy?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 66(1), pages 7-22, January.
    26. Schmutzler, Armin & Letina, Igor & Seibel, Regina, 2020. "Start-up Acquisitions and Innovation Strategies," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224631, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    27. Javier Donna & Pedro Pereira, 2024. "Structural Presumptions for Non-Horizontal Mergers in the 2023 Merger Guidelines: A Primer and a Path Forwar," Working Papers 331, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    28. Thomas A. Hemphill, 2019. "The title insurance industry: infusing innovation and competition," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 54(3), pages 177-181, July.
    29. José Azar & Xavier Vives, 2021. "General Equilibrium Oligopoly and Ownership Structure," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(3), pages 999-1048, May.
    30. Gábor Koltay & Szabolcs Lorncz & Tommaso M. Valletti, 2022. "Concentration and Competition: Evidence from Europe and Implications for Policy," CESifo Working Paper Series 9640, CESifo.
    31. Alejandro I. Castañeda Sabido & Adriana Gama Velázquez & Francisco Javier Núñez Melgoza & Jaime Sempere Campello, 2022. "Regulation of Marketplaces. Recent Proposals. An Assessment," Serie documentos de trabajo del Centro de Estudios Económicos 2022-01, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos.
    32. Kadner-Graziano, Alessandro, 2022. "Mergers of Complements: On the Absence of Consumer Benefits," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264127, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    33. Frolov, Daniil, 2019. "From institutions to extitutions to the post-institutional theory of institutional anomalies," MPRA Paper 95960, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Sep 2019.
    34. Franco Mairuzzo & Peter Ormosi, 2022. "Do the poor pay more for increasing market concentration? A study of retail petroleum," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP) 2021-08, Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK..
    35. Budzinski, Oliver & Stöhr, Annika, 2020. "Ministererlaubnis für Kartellfälle: Kooperation im Sinne des Gemeinwohls?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 143, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    36. Nathan E. Wilson, 2021. "The Impact of Competition on Investment: Evidence From California Hospitals," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(1), pages 1-32, March.
    37. Ana Cristina Soares & Tiago Ferreiro & Inês Lindoso, 2024. "Product market concentration dynamics over the COVID-19 pandemic period," Economic Bulletin and Financial Stability Report Articles and Banco de Portugal Economic Studies, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    38. Christian Reiner & Christian Bellak, 2023. "Hat die ökonomische Macht von Unternehmen in Österreich zugenommen? Teil 2," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 49(2), pages 17-76.
    39. Patrick Kaczmarczyk, 2020. "Growth Models and the Footprint of Transnational Capital," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03471320, HAL.
    40. Koski, Heli & Kässi, Otto & Braesemann, Fabian, 2020. "Killers on the Road of Emerging Start-ups – Implications for Market Entry and Venture Capital Financing," ETLA Working Papers 81, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    41. Richard B. Baker & Carola Frydman & Eric Hilt, 2023. "Political Discretion and Antitrust Policy: Evidence from the Assassination of President McKinley," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 66(4), pages 837-873.
    42. Balisacan, Arsenio M., 2020. "Toward a Fairer Society: Inequality and Competition Policy in Developing Asia," MPRA Paper 100797, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    43. Victor Manuel Bennett, 2020. "Changes in persistence of performance over time," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(10), pages 1745-1769, October.
    44. Anton Bobrov & James Traina, 2024. "The beginning of the trend: Interest rates, profits, and markups," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 44(3), pages 1024-1033.
    45. Alleman, James, 2021. "Bork's Hoax: Antitrust and the Internet Market," 23rd ITS Biennial Conference, Online Conference / Gothenburg 2021. Digital societies and industrial transformations: Policies, markets, and technologies in a post-Covid world 238003, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    46. Philip Watson & Jason Winfree, 2022. "Should we use antitrust policies on big agriculture?," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(3), pages 1313-1326, September.
    47. Francesca Lotti & Enrico Sette, 2019. "Frontier and Superstar Firms in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 537, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    48. Patrick Kaczmarczyk, 2020. "Growth Models and the Footprint of Transnational Capital," Working Papers hal-03471320, HAL.
    49. Liebersohn, Jack, 2024. "How does competition affect retail banking? Quasi-experimental evidence from bank mergers," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    50. Thomas N. Hubbard & Michael J. Mazzeo, 2019. "When Demand Increases Cause Shakeouts," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 11(4), pages 216-249, November.

  6. Carl Shapiro, 2016. "Patent Remedies," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(5), pages 198-202, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Juranek, Steffen, 2018. "Investing in legal advice," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 28-46.
    2. Juranek, Steffen & Otneim, Håkon, 2021. "Using machine learning to predict patent lawsuits," Discussion Papers 2021/6, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    3. Chen, Yongmin & Sappington, david, 2016. "An Optimal Rule for Patent Damages Under Sequential Innovation," MPRA Paper 73438, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Madhuparna Ganguly, 2020. "Stricter patent regime, scientist mobility and innovation," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2020-037, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    5. Ganguly, Madhuparna, 2021. "Stronger Patent Regime, Innovation and Scientist Mobility," MPRA Paper 107635, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Ganguly, Madhuparna, 2021. "Competition and Innovation: the effects of scientist mobility and stronger patent rights," MPRA Paper 107831, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Gaessler, Fabian & Lefouili, Yassine, 2017. "What to Buy When Forum Shopping? Analyzing Court Selection in Patent Litigation," TSE Working Papers 17-775, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).

  7. Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2016. "Patent Assertions: Are We Any Closer to Aligning Reward to Contribution?," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(1), pages 89-133.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  8. Farrell Joseph & Shapiro Carl, 2010. "Upward Pricing Pressure in Horizontal Merger Analysis: Reply to Epstein and Rubinfeld," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Ying Li & Yung-Ho Chiu & Tai-Yu Lin & Tzu-Han Chang, 2020. "Pre-Evaluating the Technical Efficiency Gains from Potential Mergers and Acquisitions in the IC Design Industry," International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making (IJITDM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(02), pages 525-559, April.
    2. Lydia Cheung, 2014. "The Upward Pricing Pressure Test and the Sensitivity of the Diversion Ratio," Working Papers 2014-08, Auckland University of Technology, Department of Economics.
    3. Robert Willig, 2011. "Unilateral Competitive Effects of Mergers: Upward Pricing Pressure, Product Quality, and Other Extensions," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 39(1), pages 19-38, August.
    4. Bennato, Anna Rita & Davies, Stephen & Mariuzzo, Franco & Ormosi, Peter, 2021. "Mergers and innovation: Evidence from the hard disk drive market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    5. Lydia Cheung, 2016. "Antitrust Market Definition and the Sensitivity of the Diversion Ratio," Working Papers 2016-02, Auckland University of Technology, Department of Economics.

  9. Carl Shapiro, 2010. "Injunctions, Hold-Up, and Patent Royalties-super-1," American Law and Economics Review, American Law and Economics Association, vol. 12(2), pages 509-557.

    Cited by:

    1. Chryssoula Pentheroudakis & Justus A. Baron, 2016. "Licensing Terms of Standard Essential Patents: A Comprehensive Analysis of Cases," JRC Research Reports JRC104068, Joint Research Centre.
    2. Bar, Talia & Kalinowski, Jesse, 2019. "Patent validity and the timing of settlements," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    3. Massimo D'Antoni & Maria Alessandra Rossi, 2010. "Appropriability and Incentives with Complementary Innovations," Department of Economics University of Siena 603, Department of Economics, University of Siena.
    4. Rey, Patrick & Salant, David, 2012. "Abuse of dominance and licensing of intellectual property," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 518-527.
    5. Bertrand Chopard & Thomas Cortade & Eric Langlais, 2013. "Damage rules and the patent hold-up problem : An analysis of Article L. 615-7," Working Papers hal-04141167, HAL.
    6. Turner, John L., 2018. "Input complementarity, patent trolls and unproductive entrepreneurship," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 168-203.
    7. Bessen, James & Neuhäusler, Peter & Turner, John L. & Williams, Jonathan, 2018. "Trends in private patent costs and rents for publicly-traded United States firms," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 53-69.
    8. Ottoz Elisabetta & Cugno Franco, 2012. "Different Rules of Legal-Cost Allocation and Patent Hold-Up," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis. Working Papers 201216, University of Turin.
    9. Mezzanotti, Filippo & Simcoe, Timothy, 2019. "Patent policy and American innovation after eBay: An empirical examination," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(5), pages 1271-1281.
    10. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2018. "A Model Of Patent Trolls," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 59(4), pages 2075-2106, November.
    11. Jeon, Haejun & Nishihara, Michi, 2018. "Optimal patent policy in the presence of vertical separation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(2), pages 682-697.
    12. Christian Le Bas & Julien Pénin, 2014. "Patents and innovation : Are the brakes broken, or how to restore patents’ dynamic efficiency ?," Working Papers of BETA 2014-02, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    13. Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2014. "Leaders and Followers: Perspectives on the Nordic Model and the Economics of Innovation," NBER Working Papers 20493, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Dewatripont, Mathias, 2008. "'Essential' Patents, FRAND Royalties and Technological Standards," CEPR Discussion Papers 6925, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Jay Pil Choi & Heiko Gerlach, 2013. "A Theory of Patent Portfolios," CESifo Working Paper Series 4405, CESifo.
    16. Baron, Justus & Ménière, Yann & Pohlmann, Tim, 2014. "Standards, consortia, and innovation," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 22-35.
    17. Ottoz Elisabetta & Cugno Franco, 2012. "Does Banning Side Payments in Patent Settlements Suffice to Fully Protect Consumers?," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis. Working Papers 201201, University of Turin.
    18. Blogg, Jonathan, 2020. "The Myths and Facts of Patent Troll and Excessive Payment: Have Non-Practicing Entities (NPEs) Been Overcompensated? - A Commentary," MPRA Paper 100069, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Baron, Justus & Pohlmann, Tim & Blind, Knut, 2016. "Essential patents and standard dynamics," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(9), pages 1762-1773.
    20. Denicolò, Vincenzo & Halmenschlager, Christine, 2012. "Optimal patentability requirements with complementary innovations," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 190-204.
    21. Julie Carlson & Leemore Dafny & Beth Freeborn & Pauline Ippolito & Brett Wendling, 2013. "Economics at the FTC: Physician Acquisitions, Standard Essential Patents, and Accuracy of Credit Reporting," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 43(4), pages 303-326, December.
    22. Kwon, Seokbeom, 2020. "How does patent transfer affect innovation of firms?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    23. Olena Ivus & Edwin L.-C. Lai, 2017. "Patent Exhaustion Regime and International Production Sharing: Winner and Losers?," CESifo Working Paper Series 6644, CESifo.

  10. Ken Heyer & Carl Shapiro, 2010. "The Year in Review: Economics at the Antitrust Division, 2009–2010," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 37(4), pages 291-307, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Elizabeth Bailey, 2015. "Behavioral Economics and U.S. Antitrust Policy," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 47(3), pages 355-366, November.
    2. Oz Shy & Rune Stenbacka, 2019. "Anti‐Poaching Agreements In Labor Markets," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 57(1), pages 243-263, January.

  11. Farrell Joseph & Shapiro Carl, 2010. "Antitrust Evaluation of Horizontal Mergers: An Economic Alternative to Market Definition," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-41, March.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  12. Ken Heyer & Carl Shapiro & Jeffrey Wilder, 2009. "The Year in Review: Economics at the Antitrust Division, 2008–2009," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 35(4), pages 349-367, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Azar, José & Barriola, Xabier, 2022. "Did the MillerCoors joint venture strengthen the craft beer revolution?," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    2. Carlton, Dennis & Israel, Mark & MacSwain, Ian & Orlov, Eugene, 2019. "Are legacy airline mergers pro- or anti-competitive? Evidence from recent U.S. airline mergers," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 58-95.
    3. Xabier Barriola, 2022. "The effect of competition on product removal," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 33(2), pages 203-214, June.
    4. James Campbell & Avi Goldfarb & Catherine Tucker, 2015. "Privacy Regulation and Market Structure," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 47-73, March.
    5. Avi Goldfarb, 2014. "What is Different About Online Advertising?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 44(2), pages 115-129, March.
    6. Oz Shy & Rune Stenbacka, 2019. "Anti‐Poaching Agreements In Labor Markets," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 57(1), pages 243-263, January.
    7. Julia González & Jorge Lemus & Guillermo Marshall, 2024. "Mergers and organizational disruption: Evidence from the US airline industry," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 111-130, January.
    8. Ambarish Chandra & Matthew Weinberg, 2018. "How Does Advertising Depend on Competition? Evidence from U.S. Brewing," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(11), pages 5132-5148, November.
    9. Orley C. Ashenfelter & Daniel Hosken & Matthew C. Weinberg, 2013. "Efficiencies Brewed: Pricing and Consolidation in the U.S. Beer Industry," NBER Working Papers 19353, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Israel Mark & Keating Bryan & Rubinfeld Daniel L. & Willig Bobby, 2013. "Airline Network Effects and Consumer Welfare," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(3), pages 287-322, November.
    11. Le Huubinh B. & Yimga Jules, 2019. "Market Power and Marginal Cost Effects in Competing Markets: Evidence from Airline Mergers," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 18(2), pages 63-108, June.

  13. Joseph Farrell & Carl Shapiro, 2008. "How Strong Are Weak Patents?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(4), pages 1347-1369, September.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  14. Carl Shapiro, 2006. "Prior User Rights," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(2), pages 92-96, May.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  15. Mark A. Lemley & Carl Shapiro, 2005. "Probabilistic Patents," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 19(2), pages 75-98, Spring.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  16. Shapiro, Carl, 2003. "Antitrust Limits to Patent Settlements," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 34(2), pages 391-411, Summer.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  17. Jith Jayaratne & Carl Shapiro, 2000. "Simulating Partial Asset Divestitures to 'Fix' Mergers," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(2), pages 179-200.

    Cited by:

    1. Ivaldi, Marc & Verboven, Frank, 2001. "Quantifying the Effects from Horizontal Mergers in European Competition Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 2697, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Vivienne Pham & David Prentice, 2010. "An empirical Analysis of the Counter-factual: A Merger and Divestiture in the Australian Cigarette Industry," Working Papers 2010.08, School of Economics, La Trobe University.
    3. Slade, Margaret E., "undated". "Merger Simulations of Unilateral Effects: What Can We Learn from the UK Brewing Industry?," Economic Research Papers 269737, University of Warwick - Department of Economics.
    4. Leheyda, Nina, 2008. "Market Power, Multimarket Contact and Pricing: Some Evidence from the US Automobile Market," ZEW Discussion Papers 08-118, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Vivienne Pham & David Prentice, 2013. "A Random Coefficients Logit Analysis of the Counterfactual: A Merger and Divestiture in the Australian Cigarette Industry," Working Papers 2013.04, School of Economics, La Trobe University.
    6. Margaret E. Slade, 2004. "Market Power and Joint Dominance in U.K. Brewing," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(1), pages 133-163, March.

  18. William E. Kovacic & Carl Shapiro, 2000. "Antitrust Policy: A Century of Economic and Legal Thinking," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 43-60, Winter.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  19. Richard Gilbert & Carl Shapiro, 1997. "Antitrust Issues in the Licensing of Intellectual Property: The Nine No-No's Meet the Nineties," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 28(1997 Micr), pages 283-349.

    Cited by:

    1. Boldrin Michele & Levine David K., 2009. "Does Intellectual Monopoly Help Innovation?," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 5(3), pages 991-1024, December.
    2. Rockett, Katharine, 2010. "Property Rights and Invention," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 315-380, Elsevier.
    3. Mikko Packalen, 2011. "Market Share Exclusion," Working Papers 1103, University of Waterloo, Department of Economics, revised Aug 2011.
    4. Galetovic, Alexander & Haber, Stephen & Zaretzki, Lew, 2018. "An estimate of the average cumulative royalty yield in the world mobile phone industry: Theory, measurement and results," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 263-276.
    5. Carl Shapiro, 2003. "Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting," Law and Economics 0303005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Götz, Georg & Brühn, Tim, 2016. "Exclusionary Practices in Two-Sided Markets: The Effect of Radius Clauses on Competition between Shopping Centers," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145627, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    7. Graevenitz, Georg von, 2005. "Integrating competition policy and innovation policy: the case of R&D cooperation," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 35, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    8. Chun‐Hsiung Liao & Debapriya Sen, 2005. "Subsidy In Licensing: Optimality And Welfare Implications," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 73(3), pages 281-299, June.
    9. Burguet, Roberto & Caminal, Ramon & Matutes, Carmen, 1999. "Golden Cages for Showy Birds: Optimal Switching Costs in Labour Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers 2070, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Ottoz Elisabetta & Cugno Franco, 2008. "Hybrid Licensing of Product Innovations," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis. Working Papers 200810, University of Turin.
    11. Shapiro, Carl, 2003. "Antitrust Limits to Patent Settlements," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 34(2), pages 391-411, Summer.
    12. Ryoko Oki, 2015. "Fixed-fee Pricing and Entry," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 35(1), pages 233-240.
    13. Burguet, Roberto & Caminal, Ramon & Matutes, Carmen, 2002. "Golden cages for showy birds: Optimal switching costs in labor contracts," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(7), pages 1153-1185, July.
    14. J. David Richardson, 2000. "The WTO and market-supportive regulation: a way forward on new competition, technological and labor issues," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 82(Jul), pages 115-130.
    15. Jay Pil Choi, 2003. "Pools and Cross-Licensing in the Shadow of Patent Litigation," CESifo Working Paper Series 1070, CESifo.
    16. Nisvan Erkal, 2005. "Optimal Licensing Policy in Differentiated Industries," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 81(252), pages 51-60, March.
    17. Schuett, Florian, 2012. "Field-of-use restrictions in licensing agreements," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 403-416.
    18. Lawrence J. White, 2020. "A “Primarily Property” Presumption Is—Still—Really Needed for the IP/Antitrust Interface," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 56(4), pages 715-737, June.
    19. Shapiro, Carl, 2002. "The FTC's Challenge to Intel's Cross-Licensing Practices," Competition Policy Center, Working Paper Series qt9756j0km, Competition Policy Center, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    20. Richard Gilbert, 2000. "Exclusive Dealing, Preferential Dealing, and Dynamic Efficiency," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 16(2), pages 167-184, March.
    21. Arora, Ashish & Gambardella, Alfonso, 2010. "The Market for Technology," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 641-678, Elsevier.

  20. Michael L. Katz & Carl Shapiro, 1994. "Systems Competition and Network Effects," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(2), pages 93-115, Spring.

    Cited by:

    1. Xuemeng Zhao & Weilun Huang, 2024. "Global Geopolitical Changes and New/Renewable Energy Game," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-27, August.
    2. Grob, Heinz Lothar (Ed.) & Vossen, Gottfried (Ed.), 2007. "Entwicklungen im Web 2.0 aus technischer, ökonomischer und sozialer Sicht," Working Papers 51, University of Münster, Competence Center Internet Economy and Hybrid Systems, European Research Center for Information Systems (ERCIS).
    3. Klein, Michael, 1996. "Competition in network industries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1591, The World Bank.
    4. Kanis Saengchote & Voraprapa Nakavachara & Yishuang Xu, 2023. "Capitalising the Network Externalities of New Land Supply in the Metaverse," PIER Discussion Papers 203, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
    5. Marta Gancarczyk, 2010. "Model schyłku i odrodzenia klastrów," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 1-21.
    6. Iimi, Atsushi, 2007. "Price structure and network externalities in the telecommunications industry : evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4200, The World Bank.
    7. Arun Rai & Xinlin Tang, 2014. "Research Commentary ---Information Technology-Enabled Business Models: A Conceptual Framework and a Coevolution Perspective for Future Research," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 1-14, March.
    8. Ashish R. Hota & Shreyas Sundaram, 2018. "Controlling Human Utilization of Failure-Prone Systems via Taxes," Papers 1802.09490, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2020.
    9. Estelle Malavolti, 2016. "Single Till or Dual Till at airports: a Two-Sided Market Analysis," Post-Print hal-01406372, HAL.
    10. Cenamor, Javier & Frishammar, Johan, 2021. "Openness in platform ecosystems: Innovation strategies for complementary products," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(1).
    11. Jackson, Matthew O. & Watts, Alison, 2002. "On the formation of interaction networks in social coordination games," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 265-291, November.
    12. Jacques Kiambu, 2008. "Concurrence dans les réseaux et incompatibilité technologique (Competition in networks and technological incompatibility)," Working Papers 179, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.
    13. Saerom (Ronnie) Lee & J. Daniel Kim, 2024. "When do startups scale? Large‐scale evidence from job postings," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(9), pages 1633-1669, September.
    14. Bertin Martens & Luis Aguiar & Estrella Gomez Herrera & Frank Muller, 2018. "The digital transformation of news media and the rise of disinformation and fake news," JRC Working Papers on Digital Economy 2018-02, Joint Research Centre.
    15. Honohan, Patrick & Vittas, Dimitri, 1996. "Bank regulation and the network paradigm : policy implications for developing and transition economies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1631, The World Bank.
    16. Neil M., Kay, 2013. "Lock-in, path dependence, and the Internationalization of QWERTY," SIRE Discussion Papers 2013-41, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
    17. Belloc, Filippo & Nicita, Antonio & Alessandra Rossi, Maria, 2012. "Whither policy design for broadband penetration? Evidence from 30 OECD countries," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 382-398.
    18. Tooraj Jamasb and Manuel Llorca, 2019. "Energy Systems Integration: Economics of a New Paradigm," Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2).
    19. Nicholas Economides & Przemyslaw Jeziorski, 2015. "Mobile Money in Tanzania," Working Papers 15-03, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    20. Edward J. Lopez, 2005. "New Anti-Merger Theories: A Critique," Law and Economics 0512003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. Konrad, Kai A. & Stolper, Tim, 2015. "Coordination and the fight against tax havens," CEPR Discussion Papers 10519, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    22. Gual, Jordi, 2003. "Market Definition in the Telecoms Industry," CEPR Discussion Papers 3988, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    23. Seo Eunji & Inoue Yuki, 2023. "Sales effect of a software product series’ length in Japan," Management & Marketing, Sciendo, vol. 18(3), pages 251-269, September.
    24. Jie Zhang & Lingfeng Dong & Ting Ji, 2023. "The Diffusion of Competitive Platform-Based Products with Network Effects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-18, May.
    25. Clarissa Knorr & Matthias Erath & Julie Saesen & Bastian Kindermann & Steffen Strese, 2025. "What role do data network effects play for multihoming complements? An empirical analysis of platform complementors’ strategies for consumer value creation," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 35(1), pages 1-17, December.
    26. Attila Ambrus & Rossella Argenziano, 2004. "Network Markets and Consumer Coordination," CESifo Working Paper Series 1317, CESifo.
    27. Jeho Lee & Jaeyong Song & Jae-Suk Yang, 2016. "Network structure effects on incumbency advantage," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(8), pages 1632-1648, August.
    28. Hall, Bronwyn H. & Khan, Beethika, 2003. "Adoption of New Technology," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt3wg4p528, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    29. Rabah Amir & Natalia Lazzati, 2009. "Network Effects, Market Structure and Industry Performance," Working Papers 09-27, NET Institute.
    30. Kevin J. Boudreau & Andrei Hagiu, 2009. "Platform Rules: Multi-Sided Platforms as Regulators," Chapters, in: Annabelle Gawer (ed.), Platforms, Markets and Innovation, chapter 7, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    31. Reisinger, Markus, 2004. "Two-Sided Markets with Negative Externalities," Discussion Papers in Economics 478, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    32. Geoffrey Heal & Howard Kunreuther, 2005. "IDS Models of Airline Security," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 49(2), pages 201-217, April.
    33. Colombo, Massimo G. & Garrone, Paola, 1998. "Common carriers' entry into multimedia services," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 77-105, March.
    34. Kevin Boudreau, 2010. "Open Platform Strategies and Innovation: Granting Access vs. Devolving Control," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(10), pages 1849-1872, October.
    35. Chou, Yuntsai & Lee, Chiwei & Chung, Jianru, 2004. "Understanding m-commerce payment systems through the analytic hierarchy process," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(12), pages 1423-1430, December.
    36. R. Alton Gilbert & Bruce J. Summers, 1996. "Clearing and settlement of U.S. dollar payments: back to the future?," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Sep, pages 3-27.
    37. Dushnitsky, Gary & Lenox, Michael J., 2006. "When does corporate venture capital investment create firm value?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 753-772, November.
    38. A. Bassanini & G. Dosi, 1998. "Competing Technologies, International Diffusion and the Rate of Convergence to a Stable Market Structure," Working Papers ir98012, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
    39. Donald D. Hester & Giorgio Calcagnini & Riccardo De Bonis, 2001. "Competition Through Innovation: ATMs in Italian Banks," Rivista italiana degli economisti, Società editrice il Mulino, issue 3, pages 359-382.
    40. Eric Schenk & Claude Guittard & Julien Pénin, 2019. "Open or proprietary ? Choosing the right crowdsourcing platform for innovation," Post-Print hal-02286165, HAL.
    41. Erzurumlu, S. Sinan, 2013. "The compatibility of durable goods with contingent generic consumables," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 574-585.
    42. Zeng, Jing & Khan, Zaheer & De Silva, Muthu, 2019. "The emergence of multi-sided platform MNEs: Internalization theory and networks," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 1-1.
    43. Richard J. Arend, 2023. "Big Tech, Competition Policy, and Strategic Management: An Alternative Perspective to Teece," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, November.
    44. Fox, Stephen & Groesser, Stefan N., 2016. "Reframing the relevance of research to practice," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 457-465.
    45. Grazia Cecere & Nicoletta Corrocher & Riccardo David Battaglia, 2015. "Innovation and competition in the smartphone industry : is there a dominant design ?," Post-Print hal-02386876, HAL.
    46. Claire M. Weiller & Michael G. Pollitt, 2013. "Platform Markets and Energy Services," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1361, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    47. Slowak, André P., 2009. "Market fields structure & dynamics in industrial automation," FZID Discussion Papers 02-2009, University of Hohenheim, Center for Research on Innovation and Services (FZID).
    48. Netsanet Haile & Jörn Altmann, 2016. "Structural analysis of value creation in software service platforms," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 26(2), pages 129-142, May.
    49. Jing Zeng & Yunlu Yang & Soo Hee Lee, 2023. "Resource Orchestration and Scaling‐up of Platform‐Based Entrepreneurial Firms: The Logic of Dialectic Tuning," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 605-638, May.
    50. Ashish Arora & Farasat Bokhari, 1996. "Returns to Specialization, Transaction Costs, and the Dynamics of Industry Evolution," Industrial Organization 9606002, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 07 Jul 1998.
    51. Kanis Saengchote & Voraprapa Nakavachara & Yishuang Xu, 2023. "Capitalising the Network Externalities of New Land Supply in the Metaverse," Papers 2303.17180, arXiv.org.
    52. Gediminas Adomavicius & Jesse Bockstedt & Alok Gupta, 2012. "Modeling Supply-Side Dynamics of IT Components, Products, and Infrastructure: An Empirical Analysis Using Vector Autoregression," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 23(2), pages 397-417, June.
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    140. Ning, Yu & Yan, Mian & Xu, Su Xiu & Li, Yina & Li, Lixu, 2021. "Shared parking acceptance under perceived network externality and risks: Theory and evidence," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 1-15.
    141. Yifan Dou & Yu Jeffrey Hu & D. J. Wu, 2017. "Selling or Leasing? Pricing Information Goods with Depreciation of Consumer Valuation," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 28(3), pages 585-602, September.
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    146. Hartmann, Monika & Gijsel, Lola Hernandez-van & Plooij, Mirjam & Vandeweyer, Quentin, 2019. "Are instant payments becoming the new normal? A comparative study," Occasional Paper Series 229, European Central Bank.
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    150. Suarez, Fernando F., 2004. "Battles for technological dominance: an integrative framework," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 271-286, March.
    151. Sachin Gupta & Dipak C. Jain & Mohanbir S. Sawhney, 1999. "Modeling the Evolution of Markets with Indirect Network Externalities: An Application to Digital Television," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(3), pages 396-416.
    152. Calvano, Emilio & Polo, Michele, 2020. "Market Power, Competition and Innovation in digital markets: a survey," CEPR Discussion Papers 14314, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    153. Stefano Colombo & Luca Grilli & Cristina Rossi-Lamastra, 2014. "Network Externalities, Incumbent’s Competitive Advantage and the Degree of Openness of Software Start-Ups," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 44(2), pages 175-200, August.
    154. Egon Franck, 2006. "Beiträge der Neuen Institutionenökonomik zum Innovationsmanagement," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 58(54), pages 58-85, January.
    155. van Wegberg, M.J., 2003. "The grand coalition versus competing coalitions: trade-offs in how to standardize," Research Memorandum 021, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
    156. Matthew G. Nagler, 2008. "Network Externalities, Mutuality, and Compatibility," Working Papers 08-37, NET Institute, revised Oct 2008.
    157. Daniel Arce, 2022. "Security-Induced Lock-In in the Cloud," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 64(4), pages 501-513, August.
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    159. Elisabetta Lazzaro, 2021. "Linking the Creative Economy with Universities’ Entrepreneurship: A Spillover Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-12, January.
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    161. Roberta Capello, 2000. "The City Network Paradigm: Measuring Urban Network Externalities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 37(11), pages 1925-1945, October.
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    163. Stanley M. Besen & Joseph Farrell, 1994. "Choosing How to Compete: Strategies and Tactics in Standardization," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(2), pages 117-131, Spring.
    164. Heli Koski & Tobias Kretschmer, 2004. "Survey on Competing in Network Industries: Firm Strategies, Market Outcomes, and Policy Implications," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 5-31, March.
    165. Basaure, Arturo & Vesselkov, Alexandr & Töyli, Juuso, 2020. "Internet of things (IoT) platform competition: Consumer switching versus provider multihoming," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 90.
    166. van Wegberg, M.J., 2003. "A note on network structure: functional relationships between network indicators," Research Memorandum 032, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
    167. Aloys Prinz, 2019. "The microeconomics of mobile payments," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 129-151, December.
    168. Netsanet Haile & Jorn Altmann, 2015. "Value Creation in Software Service Platforms," TEMEP Discussion Papers 2015123, Seoul National University; Technology Management, Economics, and Policy Program (TEMEP), revised Sep 2015.
    169. Jeremy Kettering & Shane Sanders, 2024. "Bargaining in the shadow of conflict: resource division and War’s Inefficiency Puzzle in the commons," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 199(1), pages 83-101, April.
    170. Moretto, Michele, 2000. "Irreversible investment with uncertainty and strategic behavior," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 589-617, December.

  22. Joseph Farrell & Carl Shapiro, 1992. "Standard Setting in High-Definition Television," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 23(1992 Micr), pages 1-93.

    Cited by:

    1. Christian Dahl Winther, 2007. "Optimal research effort and product differentiation in network industries," Economics Working Papers 2007-19, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University.
    2. Benjamin Chiao & Josh Lerner & Jean Tirole, 2007. "The rules of standard-setting organizations: an empirical analysis," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 38(4), pages 905-930, December.
    3. Phalen, Patricia F. & Osellame, Julia & Anderson, Catherine, 2014. "Women of influence: A case study of three telecommunications policymakers," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 333-343.
    4. Choi, Jay Pil, 1996. "Standardization and experimentation: Ex ante vs. ex post standardization," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 273-290, September.
    5. Josh Lerner & Jean Tirole, 2004. "A Model of Forum Shopping, with Special Reference to Standard Setting Organizations," NBER Working Papers 10664, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Michael L. Katz & Carl Shapiro, 1994. "Systems Competition and Network Effects," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 8(2), pages 93-115, Spring.
    7. van de Kaa, Geerten & de Vries, Henk J., 2015. "Factors for winning format battles: A comparative case study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 222-235.
    8. Lars-Hendrik Röller & Christian Wey, 2003. "Merger Control in the New Economy," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 5-20, May.
    9. Toivanen, Otto, 2004. "Choosing Standards," Discussion Papers 937, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    10. Charles Z. Liu & Chris F. Kemerer & Michael D. Smith, 2007. "Standards Competition In The Presence Of Digital Conversion Technology: An Empirical Analysis Of The Flash Memory Card Market," Working Papers 07-17, NET Institute, revised Sep 2007.
    11. Stremersch, S. & Tellis, G.J. & Franses, Ph.H.B.F. & Binken, J.L.G., 2007. "Indirect Network Effects in New Product Growth," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2007-019-MKT, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    12. Nahm, Jae, 2008. "The effects of one-way compatibility on technology adoption in systems markets," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 269-278, September.
    13. Charles Zhechao Liu & Esther Gal-Or & Chris F. Kemerer & Michael D. Smith, 2011. "Compatibility and Proprietary Standards: The Impact of Conversion Technologies in IT Markets with Network Effects," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 22(1), pages 188-207, March.
    14. Timothy Simcoe, 2014. "Governing the Anticommons: Institutional Design for Standard-Setting Organizations," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 14(1), pages 99-128.
    15. Nicolas Quérou, 2005. "Obtaining a Unique, Efficient Norm Through Negotiation by Linking Porposals," Working Papers 05-02, LAMETA, Universtiy of Montpellier, revised Jan 2005.
    16. Sachin Gupta & Dipak C. Jain & Mohanbir S. Sawhney, 1999. "Modeling the Evolution of Markets with Indirect Network Externalities: An Application to Digital Television," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(3), pages 396-416.
    17. Unruh, Gregory C., 2000. "Understanding carbon lock-in," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(12), pages 817-830, October.
    18. Timothy Simcoe, 2013. "Governing the Anticommons: Institutional Design for Standard-Setting Organizations," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 14, pages 99-128, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

  23. Carl Shapiro, 1991. "Symposium on the Economics of Liability," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 5(3), pages 3-10, Summer.

    Cited by:

    1. Sjur Didrik Flåm & Elmar G. Wolfstetter, 2015. "Liability Insurance and Choice of Cars: A Large Game Approach," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 17(6), pages 943-963, December.
    2. Fraser, Clive D., 1996. "On tort as an implicit insurance system with state-dependent utility: The case of child mortality risk," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 449-459, December.
    3. Bachmeier, Lance & Gaughan, Patrick & Swanson, Norman R., 2004. "The volume of federal litigation and the macroeconomy," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 191-207, June.
    4. Matter, Ulrich & Stutzer, Alois, 2014. "The Role of Lawyer-Legislators in Shaping the Law: Evidence from Voting Behavior on Tort Reforms," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy 100452, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    5. Ulrich Matter & Alois Stutzer, 2015. "The Role of Lawyer-Legislators in Shaping the Law: Evidence from Voting on Tort Reforms," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(2), pages 357-384.
    6. Matter, Ulrich & Stutzer, Alois, 2013. "Do Lawyer-Legislators Protect Their Business? Evidence from Voting Behavior on Tort Reforms," Working papers 2013/09, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.
    7. Price V. Fishback & Shawn Everett Kantor, 1994. "Insurance Rationing and the Origins of Workers' Compensation," NBER Working Papers 4943, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Frenzen, Paul D. & Buzby, Jean C. & Rasco, Barbara, 2001. "Product Liability And Microbial Foodborne Illness," Agricultural Economic Reports 34059, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

  24. Farrell, Joseph & Shapiro, Carl, 1991. "Horizontal Mergers: Reply," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 81(4), pages 1007-1011, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Oliver Budzinski & Jürgen-Peter Kretschmer, 2009. "Implications of Unprofitable Horizontal Mergers: A Positive External Effect does not Suffice to Clear a Merger!," Working Papers 84/09, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics.
    2. Budzinski, Oliver & Kretschmer, Jürgen-Peter, 2015. "Unprofitable horizontal mergers, external effects, and welfare," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 96, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    3. Helman, Udi, 2006. "Market power monitoring and mitigation in the US wholesale power markets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 877-904.
    4. Ma, Wenliang & Wang, Qiang & Yang, Hangjun & Zhang, Yahua, 2020. "Evaluating the price effects of two airline mergers in China," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).

  25. Shapiro, Carl & Willig, Robert D, 1990. "On the Antitrust Treatment of Production Joint Ventures," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 4(3), pages 113-130, Summer.

    Cited by:

    1. Duso, Tomaso & Röller, Lars-Hendrik & Seldeslachts, Jo, 2010. "Collusion through Joint R&D: An Empirical Assessment," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 343, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    2. Stefan ARPING, 2002. "Banking, Commerce, and Antitrust¤," FAME Research Paper Series rp19, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
    3. Stephen King & Rohan Pitchford, 2008. "Private or Public? Towards a Taxonomy of Optimal Ownership and Management Regimes," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 84(266), pages 366-377, September.
    4. Levy, Nadav, 2012. "Technology sharing and tacit collusion," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 204-216.
    5. Isabelle Brocas, 2003. "Les enjeux de la réglementation de la recherche et développement," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 113(1), pages 125-148.
    6. Yi Liu & Margaret O’Reilly‐Allen & Zaher Zantout, 2007. "The Welfare Effects of the National Cooperative Research Act (NCRA) of 1984 and the National Cooperative Production Amendments (NCPA) of 1993," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(5), pages 985-1004, November.
    7. Leyden, Dennis Patrick & Link, Albert N., 1999. "Federal laboratories as research partners," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 575-592, May.
    8. Michelle S. Goeree & Eric Helland, 2009. "Do research joint ventures serve a collusive function?," IEW - Working Papers 448, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - University of Zurich, revised Jul 2012.
    9. Andreea Cosnita & Jean-Philippe Tropeano, 2006. "On the effective design of the efficiency defence," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques v06030, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    10. Tao, Zhigang & Wu, Changqi, 1997. "On the organization of cooperative research and development: Theory and evidence," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 573-596, August.
    11. MIYAGIWA, Kaz & SISSOKO, Amy & SONG, Huasheng, 2015. "The free-rider problem and the optimal duration of research joint ventures: theory and evidence from the Eureka program," Discussion paper series 2015-02, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University.
    12. Luis Aguiar & Philippe Gagnepain, 2017. "European cooperative R&D and firm performance: Evidence based on funding differences in key actions," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-01630665, HAL.
    13. Boggio, Margherita, 2011. "Municipal capitalism, regulatory federalism and politics," MPRA Paper 46244, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Tombak, Mihkel & Röller, Lars-Hendrik & Siebert, Ralph, 2000. "Strategic Choice of Partners: Research Joint Ventures and Market Power," CEPR Discussion Papers 2617, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Niluthpaul Sarker & S. M. Khaled Hossain, 2023. "Ownership Structure and Financial Distress: Investigating the Moderating Effect of Audit Quality," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 187-202, November.
    16. B. Zorina Khan, 1999. "Legal Monopoly: Patents and Antitrust Litigation in U.S. Manufacturing, 1970-1998," NBER Working Papers 7068, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Christian Wey, 1999. "Compatibility Investments in Duopoly with Demand Side Spillovers under Different Degrees of Cooperation," CIG Working Papers FS IV 99-02, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG), revised Aug 1999.
    18. Jean-Philippe Tropeano & Andreea Cosnita, 2012. "Do remedies affect the efficiency defense? An optimal merger-control analysis," Post-Print hal-00643695, HAL.
    19. Dirk Czarnitzki & Katrin Hussinger & Cédric Schneider, 2015. "R&D Collaboration with Uncertain Intellectual Property Rights," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 46(2), pages 183-204, March.
    20. Cassiman, Bruno & Veugelers, Reinhilde, 1999. "R&D Cooperation and Spillovers: Some Empirical Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 2330, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    21. Graevenitz, Georg von, 2005. "Integrating competition policy and innovation policy: the case of R&D cooperation," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 35, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    22. Veugelers, Reinhilde & Cassiman, Bruno, 2003. "R&D Cooperation Between Firms and Universities: Some Empirical Evidence from Belgian Manufacturing," CEPR Discussion Papers 3951, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    23. G. Rossini & C. Vergari, 2009. "Input production joint venture," Working Papers 673, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    24. Aikaterini KOKKINOU, 2010. "Economic growth, innovation and collaborative research and development activities," Management & Marketing, Economic Publishing House, vol. 5(1), Spring.
    25. Beena Saraswathy, 2010. "Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisations in India: Extent, Nature and Structure.July 2010," Working Papers id:3096, eSocialSciences.
    26. Martin Woerter, 2012. "Technology proximity between firms and universities and technology transfer," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 37(6), pages 828-866, December.
    27. Hottenrott, Hanna & Lopes-Bento, Cindy, 2014. "R&D partnerships and innovation performance: Can there be too much of a good thing?," DICE Discussion Papers 154, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    28. Pitchford, Rohan & King, Stephen, 2000. "Private or public? a taxonomy of optimal ownership and management regimes," FGV EPGE Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 401, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil).
    29. Bruno Cassiman, 1994. "Research Joint Ventures and Optimal R&D Policy with Asymmetric Information," Discussion Papers 1105, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
    30. Stefano Colombo & Luigi Filippini, 2016. "Revenue royalties," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 118(1), pages 47-76, May.
    31. Bilotkach, Volodymyr & Hüschelrath, Kai, 2015. "Balancing competition and cooperation: Evidence from transatlantic airline markets," ZEW Discussion Papers 15-059, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    32. Francisco Caballero-sanz & Rafael Moner-colonques & José Sempere-monerris, 1998. "Market Structure and R∧D Joint Ventures: The Case of Product Innovations," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 51-66, January.
    33. Stefan ARPING, 2002. "Cannibalization & Incentives in Venture Financing," FAME Research Paper Series rp51, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
    34. Carmen Talavera & Joan R. Sanchis, 2020. "Alliances between For-Profit and Non-Profit Organizations as an Instrument to Implement the Economy for the Common Good," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-22, November.
    35. Cassiman, Bruno & Veugelers, Rainhilde, 2003. "Which firms have cooperative R&D agreements with universities? Some empirical evidence from Belgian manufacturing," IESE Research Papers D/502, IESE Business School.
    36. Otello Ardovino & Maria Rosaria Carillo & Luca Pennacchio, 2016. "R&D cooperation within Italian technological districts: A microeconometric analysis," Discussion Papers 2_2016, CRISEI, University of Naples "Parthenope", Italy.
    37. Ralph Siebert & Klaus Gugler, 2004. "Market Power versus Efficiency Effects of Mergers and Research Joint Ventures: Evidence from the Semiconductor Industry," NBER Working Papers 10323, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    38. Dirk Czarnitzki & Bernd Ebersberger & Andreas Fier, 2007. "The relationship between R&D collaboration, subsidies and R&D performance: Empirical evidence from Finland and Germany," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(7), pages 1347-1366.
    39. Nicolas Aguelakakis & Aleksandr Yankelevich, 2019. "Collaborate Or Consolidate: Assessing The Competitive Effects Of Production Joint Ventures," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 57(1), pages 73-84, January.
    40. Zhiqi Chen & Thomas W. Ross, 2019. "Buffer Joint Ventures," Carleton Economic Papers 19-01, Carleton University, Department of Economics.
    41. Delmas, Magali, 2003. "In Search of ISO: An Institutional Perspective on the Adoption of International Management Standards," Research Papers 1784, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    42. Kaz Miyagiwa & Aminata Sissoko, 2013. "The free-rider problem and the optimal duration of research joint ventures: theory and evidence from the Eureka program," Working Papers 1302, Florida International University, Department of Economics.
    43. Bettina Becker, 2015. "Public R&D Policies And Private R&D Investment: A Survey Of The Empirical Evidence," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(5), pages 917-942, December.
    44. Boggio, Margherita, 2011. "From Reluctant Privatization to Municipal Capitalism: an Overview on Ownership, Political Connections and Decentralization," MPRA Paper 46232, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    45. Peter Møllgaard & Jo Lorentzen, 2005. "Competition Policy and Innovation," CIE Discussion Papers 2005-12, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. Centre for Industrial Economics.
    46. Basso, Leonardo J., 2008. "Airport deregulation: Effects on pricing and capacity," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 1015-1031, July.
    47. Peter Huber & Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig, 2000. "Bestimmungsfaktoren der Integration von Unternehmen in internationale Netzwerke," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 19531, January.
    48. Jeroen Hinloopen & Stephen Martin & Sander Onderstal & Leonard Treuren, 2024. "Spillovers from legal cooperation to non-competitive prices," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 24-078/VII, Tinbergen Institute.
    49. Lars-Hendrik Röller & Mihkel M. Tombak & Ralph Siebert, 1998. "The Incentives to Form Research Joint Ventures: Theory and Evidence," CIG Working Papers FS IV 98-15, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    50. Georg Götz & Anna Hammerschmidt, 2009. "R&D Cooperation With Unit‐Elastic Demand," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 179-188, April.
    51. Silipo, Damiano B., 2008. "Incentives and forms of cooperation in research and development," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 101-119, June.
    52. Steven C. Salop & Lawrence J. White, 1991. "Policy Watch: Antitrust Goes to College," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 5(3), pages 193-202, Summer.
    53. Duso, Tomaso & Pennings, Enrico & Seldeslachts, Jo, 2010. "Learning dynamics in research alliances: A panel data analysis," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 776-789, July.
    54. Gundlach, Erich & Klodt, Henning & Langhammer, Rolf J. & Soltwedel, Rüdiger, 1995. "Fairneß im Standortwettbewerb? Auf dem Weg zur internationalen Ordnungspolitik," Kiel Discussion Papers 254, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    55. Martin Woerter, 2011. "Driving forces for research and development strategies: an empirical analysis based on firm-level panel data," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(7), pages 611-636, March.
    56. Otello Ardovino & Luca Pennacchio, 2014. "Inter-firm R&D cooperation in local innovation networks: The case of Italian technological districts," EERI Research Paper Series EERI RP 2014/09, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI), Brussels.
    57. Chen, Zhiqi & Ross, Thomas W., 2003. "Cooperating upstream while competing downstream: a theory of input joint ventures," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 381-397, March.
    58. Lars-Hendrik Röller & Mikhel M. Tombak & Ralph Siebert, 1997. "Why Firms Form Research Joint Ventures: Theory and Evidence," CIG Working Papers FS IV 97-06, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG), revised Oct 1997.
    59. Bettina Becker, 2013. "The Determinants of R&D Investment: A Survey of the Empirical Research," Discussion Paper Series 2013_09, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, revised Sep 2013.
    60. Sovinsky, Michelle & Helland, Eric, 2019. "Do Research Joint Ventures Serve a Collusive Function?," CEPR Discussion Papers 13533, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    61. Cabral, Luis M. B., 2000. "R&D cooperation and product market competition," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 18(7), pages 1033-1047, October.
    62. David Encaoua & Pierre Mohnen & Emmanuel Duguet & Bruno Crépon, 1993. "Diffusion du savoir et incitation à l'innovation : le rôle des accords de coopération en recherche et développement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 266(1), pages 47-63.
    63. Qiu, Larry D. & Tao, Zhigang, 1998. "Policy on international R&D cooperation: Subsidy or tax?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(9), pages 1727-1750, November.
    64. Karbowski, Adam & Prokop, Jacek, 2016. "Wybrane zagadnienia współpracy badawczo-rozwojowej przedsiębiorstw w ujęciu ekonomii gałęziowej [Selected problems of interfirm R&D cooperation in the industrial organization literature]," MPRA Paper 72784, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    65. Tannista Banerjee & Ralph Siebert, 2017. "The Impact of R&D Cooperations and Mergers in Pharmaceuticals on Research Activities and Drugs Offered on the Market," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 84(1), pages 202-228, July.
    66. Otello Ardovino & Luca Pennacchio, 2012. "Le determinanti della cooperazione nei distretti tecnologici italiani finanziati dal governo," STUDI ECONOMICI, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2012(108), pages 121-149.
    67. DiMaria, charles-henri, 2024. "Research and development, innovation inputs and productivity; The role of National Innovation Systems," MPRA Paper 120800, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    68. Spyros Arvanitis & Ursina Kubli & Martin Woerter, 2005. "Determinants of Knowledge and Technology Transfer Activities Between Firms and Science Institutions in Switzerland: An Analysis Based on Firm Data," KOF Working papers 05-116, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
    69. Neubecker, Leslie, 2003. "Does cooperation in manufactoring foster tacit collusion," Tübinger Diskussionsbeiträge 261, University of Tübingen, School of Business and Economics.

  26. Richard Gilbert & Carl Shapiro, 1990. "Optimal Patent Length and Breadth," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 21(1), pages 106-112, Spring.
    See citations under working paper version above.
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    2. Johan Graafland, 2020. "Competition in technology and innovation, motivation crowding, and environmental policy," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(1), pages 137-145, January.
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    2. Duso, Tomaso & Röller, Lars-Hendrik & Seldeslachts, Jo, 2010. "Collusion through Joint R&D: An Empirical Assessment," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 343, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    3. Stefan ARPING, 2002. "Banking, Commerce, and Antitrust¤," FAME Research Paper Series rp19, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
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    6. Yi Liu & Margaret O’Reilly‐Allen & Zaher Zantout, 2007. "The Welfare Effects of the National Cooperative Research Act (NCRA) of 1984 and the National Cooperative Production Amendments (NCPA) of 1993," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(5), pages 985-1004, November.
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    1. Derya Findik & Aysit Tansel, 2015. "Resources on the Stage: A Firm Level Analysis of the ICT Adoption in Turkey," ERC Working Papers 1507, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Lucas A. Mariani & Jose Renato Haas Ornelas & Bernardo Ricca, 2023. "Banks’ Physical Footprint and Financial Technology Adoption," Working Papers Series 576, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    3. Nicolas Curien & Kenza Oubejja, 1999. "Réseaux multiservices : équilibres et dynamique," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 53, pages 213-228.
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    5. West, Joel, 2003. "How open is open enough?: Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1259-1285, July.
    6. Juan Ruiz, 2003. "Another Perspective on Planned obsolescence: is there really too much Innovation?," Industrial Organization 0302001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques & Peeters, Ronald & Yang, Michael S., 2018. "Piracy on the Internet: Accommodate it or fight it? A dynamic approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 266(1), pages 328-339.
    8. Raphaël Soubeyran, 2019. "Technology adoption and pro-social preferences," Working Papers halshs-02291905, HAL.
    9. Douglas W. Allen & Peter T. Leeson, 2015. "Institutionally Constrained Technology Adoption: Resolving the Longbow Puzzle," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(3).
    10. Beomjin Choi & T. S. Raghu & Ajay Vinzé & Kevin J. Dooley, 2019. "Effectiveness of standards consortia: Social network perspectives," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 405-416, April.
    11. Venugopal Gopalakrishna-Remani & Robert Paul Jones & Kerri M. Camp, 2019. "Levels of EMR Adoption in U.S. Hospitals: An Empirical Examination of Absorptive Capacity, Institutional Pressures, Top Management Beliefs, and Participation," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 21(6), pages 1325-1344, December.
    12. Zhuoxin Li & Jason A. Duan & Sam Ransbotham, 2020. "Coordination and Dynamic Promotion Strategies in Crowdfunding with Network Externalities," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(4), pages 1032-1049, April.
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    5. Chien-Shu Tsai & Ting-Chung Tsai & Po-Sheng Ko & Chien-Hui Lee & Jen-Yao Lee & Yu-Lin Wang, 2019. "On the Sustainability of Technology Licensing Under Asymmetric Information Game," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Chang, Chun-Hao & Prakash, Arun J. & Yeh, Shu, 2004. "Sale of monopoly information and behavior of rivaling clients: A theoretical perspective," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 283-304.
    7. Fan, Cuihong & Jun, Byoung Heon & Wolfstetter, Elmar G., 2010. "Licensing a common value innovation when signaling strength may backfire," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 292, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
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    5. Ke Yan & Leonard F. S. Wang & Longfei Gao, 2025. "Technology Licensing, Network Externalities and Social Welfare in Cournot Differentiated Duopoly," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(5), pages 3244-3249, July.
    6. Chien-Shu Tsai & Ting-Chung Tsai & Po-Sheng Ko & Chien-Hui Lee & Jen-Yao Lee & Yu-Lin Wang, 2019. "On the Sustainability of Technology Licensing Under Asymmetric Information Game," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-15, December.
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    1. Cecilia Garcia-Penalosa & Campbell leith & Chol-Won Li, 2001. "Wage Inequality and the Effort Incentive Effects of Technical Progress," Working Papers 2001_14, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow.
    2. Derek Neal & Sherwin Rosen, 1998. "Theories of the Distribution of Labor Earnings," NBER Working Papers 6378, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    4. Goerke, Laszlo, 2000. "On the structure of unemployment benefits in shirking models," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 283-295, May.
    5. Campbell Leith & Chol-Won Li, 2001. "Wage Inequality and the Effort Incentive Effects of Technological Progress," CESifo Working Paper Series 513, CESifo.
    6. Laszlo Goerke, 2001. "Redundancy Pay and Collective Dismissals," CESifo Working Paper Series 582, CESifo.
    7. Joanna Tyrowicz, 2009. "When Eastern Labour Markets Enter Western Europe CEECs. Labour Market Institutions upon Euro Zone Accession," Working Papers 2009-03, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
    8. Kevin Lang & William T. Dickens, 1987. "Neoclassical and Sociological Perspectives on Segmented Labor Markets," NBER Working Papers 2127, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Alexandre SIMONS, 2014. "Delocation, home wages and welfare," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2014007, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).

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    1. Paulson Gjerde, Kathy A. & Slotnick, Susan A., 2004. "Quality and reputation: The effects of external and internal factors over time," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(1), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Jianqiang Zhang & Weijun Zhong & Shue Mei, 2012. "Competitive effects of informative advertising in distribution channels," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 561-584, September.
    3. Massimo Motta, 2013. "Advertising bans," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 4(1), pages 61-81, March.
    4. Pedro Gomis‐Porqueras & Benoit Julien & Chengsi Wang, 2017. "Strategic Advertising And Directed Search," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 58(3), pages 783-806, August.
    5. Wenying Li & Eric Andrew Finkelstein & Chen Zhen, 2022. "Intended and unintended consequences of salient nutrition labels," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 104(2), pages 853-872, March.
    6. Simon P. Anderson & Stephen Coate, 2000. "Market Provision of Public Goods: The Case of Broadcasting," NBER Working Papers 7513, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Gabszewicz, Jean Jaskold & Anderson, Simon, 2005. "The Media and Advertising: A Tale of Two-Sided Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers 5223, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Lommerud, Kjell Erik & Sorgard, Lars, 2003. "Entry in telecommunication: customer loyalty, price sensitivity and access prices," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 55-72, March.
    9. S. Anderson & André de Palma, 2012. "Competition for attention in the information (overload) age," Post-Print hal-00517721, HAL.
    10. Stephen Coate, 2001. "Political Competition with Campaign Contributions and Informative Advertising," NBER Working Papers 8693, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Astorne-Figari, Carmen & López, José Joaquín & Yankelevich, Aleksandr, 2019. "Advertising for consideration," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 653-669.
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    Cited by:

    1. J. K. Pappalardo, 2022. "Economics of Consumer Protection: Contributions and Challenges in Estimating Consumer Injury and Evaluating Consumer Protection Policy," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 201-238, June.
    2. Gabszewicz, Jean Jaskold & Anderson, Simon, 2005. "The Media and Advertising: A Tale of Two-Sided Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers 5223, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. S. Anderson & André de Palma, 2012. "Competition for attention in the information (overload) age," Post-Print hal-00517721, HAL.
    4. Simon P. Anderson & André de Palma, 2008. "Information Congestion," Working Papers hal-00349516, HAL.
    5. Anderson, Simon & Renault, Régis, 2012. "The advertising mix for a search good," CEPR Discussion Papers 8756, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Cardon, James H. & Pope, Rulon D., 2003. "Agricultural Market Structure, Generic Advertising, and Welfare," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 28(2), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Marco A. Haan & Jose Luis Moraga-Gonzalez, 2009. "Advertising for Attention in a Consumer Search Model," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-031/1, Tinbergen Institute.
    8. Lola Esteban & Jose M. Hernandez & Jose Luis Moraga-Gonzalez, 2001. "Customer Directed Advertising and Product Quality," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 01-099/1, Tinbergen Institute.
    9. Sophie Bienenstock, 2016. "Consumer education: why the market doesn’t work," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 237-262, October.
    10. Simon P. Anderson, 2005. "Regulation of Television advertising," Virginia Economics Online Papers 363, University of Virginia, Department of Economics.
    11. Nils‐Henrik M. von der Fehr & Kristin Stevik, 1998. "Persuasive Advertising and Product Differentiation," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 65(1), pages 113-126, July.
    12. Hamilton, Stephen F., 2009. "Informative advertising in differentiated oligopoly markets," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 60-69, January.
    13. Wang, Shinn-Shyr & Stiegert, Kyle W., 2006. "The Duopolistic Firm with Endogenous Risk Control Case of Persuasive Advertising and Product Differentiation," Working Papers 201535, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Food System Research Group.
    14. Immordino Giovanni, 2009. "Advertising and Cost Reduction," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-15, April.
    15. Creane, Anthony & Manduchi, Agostino, 2022. "Informative advertising in monopolistically competitive markets," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    16. Hamilton, Stephen F., 2004. "Informative Advertising in Concentrated, Differentiated Markets," Working Papers 201546, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Food System Research Group.
    17. Wang, Shinn-Shyr & Stiegert, Kyle W., 2006. "The Duopolistic Firm with Endogenous Risk Control: Case of Persuasive Advertising and Product Differentiation," Staff Papers 12606, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    18. Kerkhof, Anna & Münster, Johannes, 2015. "Quantity restrictions on advertising, commercial media bias, and welfare," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 124-141.
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    26. Levent Celik, 2007. "Informative Advertising and Consumer Search in a Differentiated-Products Duopoly," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp332, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
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    28. Simon P. Anderson & Stephen Coate, 2003. "Market Provision of Broadcasting: A Welfare Analysis," Virginia Economics Online Papers 358, University of Virginia, Department of Economics.
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    32. Häckner, Jonas & Muren, Astri, 2004. "Trademark Dilution - A Welfare Analysis," Research Papers in Economics 2004:15, Stockholm University, Department of Economics.

Chapters

  1. Giulio Federico & Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2019. "Antitrust and Innovation: Welcoming and Protecting Disruption," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 20, pages 125-190, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Hal Varian, 2018. "Artificial Intelligence, Economics, and Industrial Organization," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda, pages 399-419, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Christian Rammer & Gastón P Fernández & Dirk Czarnitzki, 2021. "Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Innovation: Evidence from Firm-Level Data," Working Papers of Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven 674605, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven.
    2. Nan Zhou & Li Zhang & Shijian Li & Zhijian Wang, 2018. "Algorithmic Collusion in Cournot Duopoly Market: Evidence from Experimental Economics," Papers 1802.08061, arXiv.org.
    3. David Bounie & Antoine Dubus & Patrick Waelbroeck, 2020. "Market for Information and Selling Mechanisms," CESifo Working Paper Series 8307, CESifo.
    4. Yiquan Gu & Leonardo Madio & Carlo Reggiani, 2021. "Data Brokers Co-Opetition," Working Papers 202101, University of Liverpool, Department of Economics.
    5. Stephanie Assad & Robert Clark & Daniel Ershov & Lei Xu, 2020. "Algorithmic Pricing and Competition: Empirical Evidence from the German Retail Gasoline Market," Working Paper 1438, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    6. Gordon H. Hanson, 2021. "Immigration and Regional Specialization in AI," NBER Working Papers 28671, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Ayoubi, Charles, 2020. "Machine learning in healthcare: Mirage or miracle for breaking the costs dead-lock?," Thesis Commons tc24d, Center for Open Science.
    8. Wang, Linhui & Chen, Qi & Dong, Zhiqing & Cheng, Lu, 2024. "The role of industrial intelligence in peaking carbon emissions in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
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    21. Martino Banchio & Giacomo Mantegazza, 2022. "Artificial Intelligence and Spontaneous Collusion," Papers 2202.05946, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2023.
    22. Zhou, Qin & Cheng, Changgao & Fang, Zhou & Zhang, Hengquan & Xu, Yining, 2024. "How does the development of the digital economy affect innovation output? Exploring mechanisms from the perspective of regional innovation systems," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-17.
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  3. Fiona Scott Morton & Carl Shapiro, 2015. "Patent Assertions: Are We Any Closer to Aligning Reward to Contribution?," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 16, pages 89-133, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  4. Carl Shapiro, 2011. "Competition and Innovation: Did Arrow Hit the Bull's Eye?," NBER Chapters, in: The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited, pages 361-404, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Guerini, Mattia & Harting, Philipp & Napoletano, Mauro, 2022. "Governance structure, technical change, and industry competition," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    2. Gao, Tingfan & Wang, Shixun & Chen, Baizhu & Yang, Lihong, 2024. "The impact of big tech corporate venture capital investments on innovation: Evidence from the equity investment market," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Maximiliano Machado, 2021. "Heterogeneous Innovation Persistence: Evidence From Uruguayan Firms," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 21-04, Instituto de Economía - IECON.
    4. Tobias Stucki & Martin Woerter, 2017. "Green Inventions: Is Wait-and-see a Reasonable Option?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 4).
    5. Nathan E. Wilson, 2021. "The Impact of Competition on Investment: Evidence From California Hospitals," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(1), pages 1-32, March.
    6. João Augusto Ferreira Freire & Eduardo Gonçalves, 2022. "Cooperation in Innovative Efforts: a Systematic Literature Review," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 3364-3400, December.
    7. Bennato, Anna Rita & Davies, Stephen & Mariuzzo, Franco & Ormosi, Peter, 2021. "Mergers and innovation: Evidence from the hard disk drive market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    8. Shapiro, Carl, 2018. "Antitrust in a time of populism," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 714-748.

  5. Carl Shapiro, 2008. "Patent Reform: Aligning Reward and Contribution," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 8, pages 111-156, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  6. Kaplow, Louis & Shapiro, Carl, 2007. "Antitrust," Handbook of Law and Economics, in: A. Mitchell Polinsky & Steven Shavell (ed.), Handbook of Law and Economics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 15, pages 1073-1225, Elsevier.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  7. Carl Shapiro, 2001. "Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 1, pages 119-150, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  8. Shapiro, Carl, 1989. "Theories of oligopoly behavior," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: R. Schmalensee & R. Willig (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 6, pages 329-414, Elsevier.

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Books

  1. Varian,Hal R. & Farrell,Joseph & Shapiro,Carl, 2004. "The Economics of Information Technology," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521605212, November.

    Cited by:

    1. Brian Chi‐ang Lin, 2007. "A New Vision Of The Knowledge Economy," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(3), pages 553-584, July.
    2. Nicola Gennaioli & Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto, 2015. "Optimally Vague Contracts and the Law," Working Papers 747, Barcelona School of Economics.
    3. Beatriz Kira & Vikram Sinha & Sharmadha Srinivasan, 2021. "Regulating digital ecosystems: bridging the gap between competition policy and data protection [Merger policy in digital markets: an ex post assessment]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 30(5), pages 1337-1360.
    4. Malte Mosel, 2011. "Big patents, small secrets: how firms protect inventions when R&D outcome is heterogeneous," Working Papers 105, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
    5. Fernandes, Ana M. & Mattoo, Aaditya & Nguyen, Huy & Schiffbauer, Marc, 2019. "The internet and Chinese exports in the pre-ali baba era," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 57-76.
    6. Vladimir I. Soloviev & Natalia A. Iliina & Marina V. Samoyavcheva, 2009. "Cournot Equilibrium In A Model Of Hardware And Software Manufacturers' Interaction," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 1(11), pages 1-4.
    7. Perotti, Enrico & Gennaioli, Nicola & Ponzetto, Giacomo, 2019. "Legal Evolution, Contract Evolution, and Standardization," CEPR Discussion Papers 9836, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Geoffrey Parker & Georgios Petropoulos & Marshall Van Alstyne, 2021. "Platform mergers and antitrust," Bruegel Working Papers 43276, Bruegel.
    9. Sobolewski, Maciej, 2021. "Measuring consumer well-being from using free-of-charge digital services. The case of navigation apps," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    10. Estrin, Saul & Khavul, Susanna & Wright, Mike, 2022. "Soft and hard information in equity crowdfunding: network effects in the digitalization of entrepreneurial finance," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 109808, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    11. Oz Shy, 2010. "A short survey of network economics," Working Papers 10-3, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    12. Colombelli, Alessandra & Grilli, Luca & Minola, Tommaso & Mrkajic, Boris, 2020. "To what extent do young innovative companies take advantage of policy support to enact innovation appropriation mechanisms?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(10).
    13. Jeon, Heesang, 2015. "Knowledge and Contemporary Capitalism in Light of Marx's Value Theory," Thesis Commons g5njk, Center for Open Science.
    14. Paul A. David, 2006. "Economic Policy Analysis and the Internet: Coming to Terms with a Telecommunications Anomaly," Discussion Papers 06-004, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.
    15. Alberto Nucciarelli & Bert M. Sadowski & Paola O. Achard, 2010. "Emerging models of public-private interplay for European broadband access: Evidence from the Netherlands and Italy," Working Papers 10-03, Eindhoven Center for Innovation Studies, revised May 2010.
    16. Soloviev, Vladimir, 2009. "Экономико-Математическое Моделирование Рынка Программного Обеспечения: Монография. — М.: Вега-Инфо, 2009. — 176 С [Economic and mathematical modelling of software market]," MPRA Paper 28974, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Christine Greenhalgh & Mark Rogers, 2006. "Trade Marks and Performance in UK Firms: Evidence of Schumpeterian Competition through Innovation," Discussion Papers 06-034, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.
    18. Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich, 2014. "Human Knowledge and a Commonsensical Measure of Human Capital: A Proposal," MPRA Paper 57670, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Kevin J. Boudreau, 2012. "Let a Thousand Flowers Bloom? An Early Look at Large Numbers of Software App Developers and Patterns of Innovation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 23(5), pages 1409-1427, October.
    20. Leonhard Dobusch & Elke Schüßler, 2013. "Theorizing path dependence: a review of positive feedback mechanisms in technology markets, regional clusters, and organizations," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 22(3), pages 617-647, June.
    21. Huo, Da & Zhang, Xiaotao & Meng, Shuang & Wu, Gang & Li, Junhang & Di, Ruoqi, 2022. "Green finance and energy efficiency: Dynamic study of the spatial externality of institutional support in a digital economy by using hidden Markov chain," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    22. Uwe Deichmann & Aparajita Goyal & Deepak Mishra, 2016. "Will digital technologies transform agriculture in developing countries?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 47(S1), pages 21-33, November.
    23. David Encaoua & Abraham Hollander, 2004. "First degree discrimination in a competitive setting: pricing and quality choice," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques v05010, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    24. Kilkki, Kalevi & Mäntylä, Martti & Karhu, Kimmo & Hämmäinen, Heikki & Ailisto, Heikki, 2018. "A disruption framework," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 275-284.
    25. Stephen Jarman & Deniz D. Karaman Örsal, 2020. "The regulation of zero-price markets by the competition authorities in the USA and the EU," Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, , vol. 21(4), pages 315-343, December.
    26. Kannan, Srinivasan, 2008. "Information Economics and Intellectual Property Rights," MPRA Paper 13769, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    27. Mohammad Jamali & Hatra Voghouei & Nor Md Nor, 2014. "Information technology and survival of firms," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 107-119, September.
    28. De Noni, Ivan & Ganzaroli, Andrea & Orsi, Luigi, 2013. "The evolution of OSS governance: a dimensional comparative analysis," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 247-263.
    29. Marjit, Sugata & Yang, Lei, 2020. "An Elementary Theorem on Gains from Virtual Trade," MPRA Paper 104088, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    30. Vitor Trindade & Johannes Moenius, 2007. "Networks, Standards and Intellectual Property Rights," Working Papers 0705, Department of Economics, University of Missouri.
    31. Herrera, Ana María & Minetti, Raoul, 2007. "Informed finance and technological change: Evidence from credit relationships," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(1), pages 223-269, January.
    32. Sammut-Bonnici, Tanya & Paroutis, Sotirios, 2013. "Developing a Dominant Logic of Strategic Innovation," MPRA Paper 50577, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    33. Wang, Yunsong & Jiang, Aiqing & Zhang, Songlin & Chen, Weihong, 2024. "Traditional finance, digital finance, and financial efficiency: An empirical analysis based on 19 urban agglomerations in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    34. Kim, Heejung, 2012. "Standardization in technology adoption: A comparison of broadcast TV cases," 19th ITS Biennial Conference, Bangkok 2012: Moving Forward with Future Technologies - Opening a Platform for All 72483, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    35. Taylor, Josh A. & Dhople, Sairaj V. & Callaway, Duncan S., 2016. "Power systems without fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1322-1336.
    36. Saad Ahmad Khan & Ladislau Boloni, 2013. "Agent-based modeling of a price information trading business," Papers 1303.7445, arXiv.org.
    37. Jancsik, András & Michalkó, Gábor & Csernyik, Márta, 2018. "Megosztás megosztottság nélkül - az Airbnb és a budapesti szálláshelypiac átalakulása [Shared but not divided: Airbnb and transformation of the accommodation market in Budapest]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 259-286.
    38. Paul Windrum, 2013. "Multi-agent framework for understanding the success and failure of ServPPINs," Chapters, in: Faïz Gallouj & Luis Rubalcaba & Paul Windrum (ed.), Public–Private Innovation Networks in Services, chapter 4, pages 88-112, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    39. Jane Winn & Nicolas Jondet, 2008. "A “New Approach” to Standards and Consumer Protection," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 459-472, December.
    40. Blind, Knut & Cremers, Katrin & Mueller, Elisabeth, 2009. "The influence of strategic patenting on companies' patent portfolios," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 428-436, March.
    41. Lloyd Amaghionyeodiwe & Fenio Annansingh-Jamieson, 2017. "An Investigation into the Impact of Mobile Technologies on Economic Growth and Employment in the Caribbean," Athens Journal of Business & Economics, Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER), vol. 3(3), pages 263-278, July.
    42. Stefanadis, Christodoulos, 2023. "Oligarchy, underutilized capacity, and government policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    43. Andrea Coveri & Claudio Cozza & Dario Guarascio, 2021. "Monopoly Capitalism in the Digital Era," LEM Papers Series 2021/33, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
    44. Dibyendu Maiti & Akshara Awasthi, 2020. "ICT Exposure and the Level of Wellbeing and Progress: A Cross Country Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 311-343, January.
    45. Barrios, Salvador & Mas, Matilde & Navajas, Elena & Quesada, Javier, 2008. "Mapping the ICT in EU Regions: Location, Employment, Factors of Attractiveness and Economic Impact," MPRA Paper 6998, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    46. Chou, Yen-Chun & Hao-Chun Chuang, Howard & Shao, Benjamin B.M., 2014. "The impacts of information technology on total factor productivity: A look at externalities and innovations," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 290-299.
    47. Leonardo Burlamaqui, 2006. "How Should Competition Policies and Intellectual Property Issues Interact in a Globalised World? A Schumpeterian Perspective," The Other Canon Foundation and Tallinn University of Technology Working Papers in Technology Governance and Economic Dynamics 06, TUT Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance.
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