Redistribution and Employment Policies with Endogenous Unemployment
Author
Abstract
Suggested Citation
Download full text from publisher
Other versions of this item:
- Boadway, Robin & Cuff, Katherine & Marceau, Nicolas, 2003. "Redistribution and employment policies with endogenous unemployment," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 2407-2430, October.
References listed on IDEAS
- Boadway, Robin & Cuff, Katherine & Marceau, Nicolas, 2003.
"Redistribution and employment policies with endogenous unemployment,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 2407-2430, October.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2000. "Redistribution and Employment Policies with Endogenous Unemployment," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 121, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal.
- Boadway, Robin & Cuff, Katherine, 2001.
"A minimum wage can be welfare-improving and employment-enhancing,"
European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 553-576, March.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff, 1999. "A Minimum Wage Can Be Welfare-Improving and Employment-Enhancing," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 72, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff, 1999. "A Minimum Wage Can Be Welfare-improving And Employment-enhancing," Working Paper 980, Economics Department, Queen's University.
- Joseph Stiglitz, 1999. "Taxation, Public Policy, and Dynamics of Unemployment," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 6(3), pages 239-262, August.
- Marceau, Nicolas & Boadway, Robin, 1994. " Minimum Wage Legislation and Unemployment Insurance as Instruments for Redistribution," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 96(1), pages 67-81.
- Michael Keen, 1997.
"Peculiar institutions: A British perspective on tax policy in the United States,"
Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 18(4), pages 371-400, November.
- Keen, Michael, 1997. "Peculiar Institutions: A British Perspective on Tax Policy in the United States," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 50(4), pages 779-802, December.
- Jack High (ed.), 2001. "Competition," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1751.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff, 1999.
"Monitoring Job Search as an Instrument For Targeting Transfers,"
International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 6(3), pages 317-337, August.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff, 1999. "Monitoring Job Search as an Instrument for Targeting Transfers," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 71, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff, 1999. "Monitoring Job Search As An Instrument For Targeting Transfers," Working Paper 982, Economics Department, Queen's University.
- Guesnerie, Roger & Roberts, Kevin, 1987. "Minimum wage legislation as a second best policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-2), pages 490-498.
- Sorensen, Peter Birch, 1999. "Optimal tax progressivity in imperfect labour markets," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 435-452, September.
- J. A. Mirrlees, 1971. "An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 38(2), pages 175-208.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2002. "Inter-Jurisdictional Competition for Firms," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 43(3), pages 761-782, August.
- Mortensen, Dale T., 1987.
"Job search and labor market analysis,"
Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & R. Layard (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 15, pages 849-919,
Elsevier.
- Dale Mortensen, 1984. "Job Search and Labor Market Analysis," Discussion Papers 594, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Michael Keen, 1997.
"Peculiar institutions: A British perspective on tax policy in the United States,"
Fiscal Studies,
Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 18(4), pages 371-400, November.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 1999. "Inter-Jurisdictional Competition for Firms: Jobs as Vehicles for Redistribution," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 85, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal, revised Jul 1999.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 1999. "Inter-jurisdictional Competition For Firms: Jobs As Vehicles For Redistribution," Working Paper 986, Economics Department, Queen's University.
- Shapiro, Carl & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1984. "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(3), pages 433-444, June.
- Johnson, G.E. & Layard, P.R.G., 1987. "The natural rate of unemployment: Explanation and policy," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & R. Layard (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 16, pages 921-999, Elsevier. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
Cited by:- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2004.
"Agglomeration Effects and the Competition for Firms,"
International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 11(5), pages 623-645, September.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2002. "Agglomeration Effects And The Competition For Firms," Department of Economics Working Papers 2002-08, McMaster University.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2003. "Agglomeration Effects and the Competition for Firms," Cahiers de recherche 0324, CIRPEE.
- Ryuhei Okumura & Dapeng Cai, 2009. "Heterogeneous Individuals and the Optimal Level of Higher Education," FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 65(1), pages 37-50, March.
- Albert Jan Hummel, 2021. "Unemployment and Tax Design," CESifo Working Paper Series 9177, CESifo.
- Basu, Arnab K. & Chau, Nancy H. & Kanbur, Ravi, 2009.
"A theory of employment guarantees: Contestability, credibility and distributional concerns,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(3-4), pages 482-497, April.
- Kanbur, Ravi & Chau, Nancy H & Basu, Arnab K, 2006. "A Theory of Employment Guarantees: Contestability, Credibility and Distributional Concerns," CEPR Discussion Papers 5784, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Basu, Arnab K. & Chau, Nancy H. & Kanbur, Ravi, 2007. "A Theory of Employment Guarantees: Contestability, Credibility and Distributional Concerns," IZA Discussion Papers 3002, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Basu, Arnab K. & Chau, Nancy H. & Kanbur, Ravi, 2006. "A Theory of Employment Guarantees: Contestability, Credibility and Distributional Concerns," Working Papers 127048, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
- Robin Boadway, 2011.
"Viewpoint: Innovations in the theory and practice of redistribution policy,"
Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(4), pages 1138-1183, November.
- Robin Boadway, 2011. "Viewpoint: Innovations in the theory and practice of redistribution policy," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 44(4), pages 1138-1183, November.
- Jacquet, Laurence & Lehmann, Etienne & Van der Linden, Bruno, 2011.
"Optimal Redistributive Taxation with Both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses,"
IZA Discussion Papers
5642, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Laurence Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann & Bruno Van der Linden, 2012. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation with both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses," CESifo Working Paper Series 3779, CESifo.
- Laurence Jacquet & Etienne lehmann & Bruno Van Der Linden, 2012. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation with both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses," THEMA Working Papers 2012-26, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
- Bruno Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann & Bruno Van der Linden, 2011. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation with both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses," Working Papers 2011-15, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
- Lehmann, Etienne & Parmentier, Alexis & Van Der Linden, Bruno, 2011.
"Optimal income taxation with endogenous participation and search unemployment,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(11), pages 1523-1537.
- Etienne, LEHMANN & Alexis, PARMENTIER & Bruno, VAN DER LINDEN, 2008. "Optimal income taxation with endogenous participation and search unemployment," Discussion Papers (ECON - Département des Sciences Economiques) 2008036, Université catholique de Louvain, Département des Sciences Economiques.
- Etienne Lehmann & Alexis Parmentier & Bruno van Der Linden, 2011. "Optimal income taxation with endogenous participation and search unemployment," Post-Print hal-02877975, HAL.
- Etienne Lehmann & Alexis Parmentier & Bruno Van Der Linden, 2008. "Optimal Income Taxation with Endogenous Participation and Search Unemployment," Documents de recherche 08-16, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
- Etienne Lehmann & Alexis Parmentier & Bruno van der Linden, 2008. "Optimal Income Taxation with Endogenous Participation and Search Unemployment," IDEP Working Papers 0805, Institut d'economie publique (IDEP), Marseille, France, revised 15 Sep 2008.
- Lehmann, Etienne & Parmentier, Alexis & Van der Linden, Bruno, 2008. "Optimal Income Taxation with Endogenous Participation and Search Unemployment," IZA Discussion Papers 3804, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Etienne LEHMANN & Alexis PARMENTIER & Bruno VAN DER LINDEN, 2009. "Optimal Income Taxation with Endogenous Participation and Search Unemployment," Working Papers 2009-01, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
- Etienne Lehmann & Alexis Parmentier & Bruno Van der Linden, 2011. "Optimal Income Taxation with Endogenous Participation and Search Unemployment," CESifo Working Paper Series 3324, CESifo.
- Etienne Lehmann & Alexis Parmentier & Bruno Vanderlinden, 2011. "Optimal income taxation with endogenous participation and search unemployment," Post-Print hal-01248156, HAL.
- Albert Jan Hummel, 2021. "Unemployment and tax design," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 21-061/VI, Tinbergen Institute.
- Boadway, Robin & Cuff, Katherine & Marceau, Nicolas, 2003.
"Redistribution and employment policies with endogenous unemployment,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 2407-2430, October.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2000. "Redistribution and Employment Policies with Endogenous Unemployment," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 121, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal.
- Laurence Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann & Bruno Linden, 2014.
"Optimal income taxation with Kalai wage bargaining and endogenous participation,"
Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 42(2), pages 381-402, February.
- Laurence Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann & Bruno van Der Linden, 2014. "Optimal income taxation with Kalai wage bargaining and endogenous participation," Post-Print hal-02979715, HAL.
- Tetsuya Nakajima, 2010.
"A Simple Model Of Keynesian Unemployment,"
Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 239-256, May.
- Tetsuya Nakajima, 2005. "A Simple Model of Keynesian Unemployment," Macroeconomics 0502024, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Protopopescu Dan, 2008. "Improving the Effort Concept: A Revision of the Traditional Approach in the Context of Controlled Dynamic Stochastic Environments," UFAE and IAE Working Papers 739.08, Unitat de Fonaments de l'Anàlisi Econòmica (UAB) and Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (CSIC), revised 03 Dec 2009.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Robin Boadway, 2011.
"Viewpoint: Innovations in the theory and practice of redistribution policy,"
Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(4), pages 1138-1183, November.
- Robin Boadway, 2011. "Viewpoint: Innovations in the theory and practice of redistribution policy," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 44(4), pages 1138-1183, November.
- Robin Boadway, 1998. "Redistributing Smarter: Self-Selection, Targeting and Non-Conventional Policy Instruments," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 24(3), pages 365-369, September.
- Hungerbühler, Mathias & Lehmann, Etienne, 2009.
"On the optimality of a minimum wage: New insights from optimal tax theory,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(3-4), pages 464-481, April.
- Hungerbühler, Mathias & Lehmann, Etienne, 2007. "On the Optimality of a Minimum Wage: New Insights from Optimal Tax Theory," IZA Discussion Papers 2957, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Mathis Hungerbühler & Etienne Lehmann, 2007. "On the Optimality of a Minimum Wage : New Insights from Optimal Tax Theory"," Working Papers 2007-17, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
- Economides, George & Moutos, Thomas, 2017.
"Minimum wages in the presence of in-kind redistribution,"
CEPIE Working Papers
08/17, Technische Universität Dresden, Center of Public and International Economics (CEPIE).
- George Economides & Thomas Moutos, 2017. "Minimum Wages in the Presence of In-Kind Redistribution," CESifo Working Paper Series 6545, CESifo.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 1999.
"Inter-jurisdictional Competition For Firms: Jobs As Vehicles For Redistribution,"
Working Paper
986, Economics Department, Queen's University.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 1999. "Inter-Jurisdictional Competition for Firms: Jobs as Vehicles for Redistribution," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 85, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal, revised Jul 1999.
- Erwin Ooghe, 2015. "Wage policies, employment, and redistributive efficiency," Working Papers 2015/42, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
- Robin Boadway, 2017. "Second-Best Theory: Ageing well at Sixty," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 249-270, May.
- Ravi Kanbur & Tuuli Paukkeri & Jukka Pirttilä & Matti Tuomala, 2018.
"Optimal taxation and public provision for poverty reduction,"
International Tax and Public Finance,
Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 25(1), pages 64-98, February.
- Kanbur, Ravi & Pirttila, Jukka & Tuomala, Matti & Ylinen, Tuuli, 2015. "Optimal Taxation And Public Provision For Poverty Reduction," Working Papers 250018, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
- Kanbur Ravi & Paukkeri Tuuli & Pirttila Jukka & Tuomala Matti, 2016. "Optimal Taxation and Public Provision for Poverty Reduction," Working Papers 1611, Tampere University, School of Management and Business, Economics.
- Ravi Kanbur & Jukka Pirttilä & Matti Tuomala & Tuuli Ylinen, 2015. "Optimal taxation and public provision for poverty reduction," WIDER Working Paper Series 054, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Kanbur, Ravi & Pirttilä, Jukka & Tuomala, Matti & Ylinen, Tuuli, 2015. "Optimal Taxation and Public Provision for Poverty Reduction," CEPR Discussion Papers 10754, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Lee, David & Saez, Emmanuel, 2012.
"Optimal minimum wage policy in competitive labor markets,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(9-10), pages 739-749.
- David Lee & Emmanuel Saez, 2008. "Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets," Working Papers 1099, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
- Lee, David & Saez, Emannuel, 2010. "Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt07w2z7t6, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Lee, David & Saez, Emannuel, 2010. "Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt07w2z7t6, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
- David Lee & Emmanuel Saez, 2008. "Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets," NBER Working Papers 14320, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- David S. Lee & Emmanuel Saez, 2008. "Optimal Minimum Wage Policy in Competitive Labor Markets," Working Papers 1105, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2004.
"Agglomeration Effects and the Competition for Firms,"
International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 11(5), pages 623-645, September.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2002. "Agglomeration Effects And The Competition For Firms," Department of Economics Working Papers 2002-08, McMaster University.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 2003. "Agglomeration Effects and the Competition for Firms," Cahiers de recherche 0324, CIRPEE.
- Aronsson, Thomas & Micheletto, Luca, 2017. "Optimal Redistributive Income Taxation and Efficiency Wages," Umeå Economic Studies 953, Umeå University, Department of Economics.
- George Economides & Thomas Moutos, 2016.
"Can Minimum Wages Raise Workers’ Incomes in the Long Run?,"
Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 18(6), pages 961-978, December.
- George Economides & Thomas Moutos, 2016. "Can Minimum Wages Raise Workers' Incomes in the Long Run?," CESifo Working Paper Series 5913, CESifo.
- Arantza Gorostiaga & Juan F. Rubio-Ramirez, 2004. "Optimal minimum wage in a competitive economy," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2004-30, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
- Jacquet, Laurence & Lehmann, Etienne & Van der Linden, Bruno, 2011.
"Optimal Redistributive Taxation with Both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses,"
IZA Discussion Papers
5642, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Laurence Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann & Bruno Van der Linden, 2012. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation with both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses," CESifo Working Paper Series 3779, CESifo.
- Laurence Jacquet & Etienne lehmann & Bruno Van Der Linden, 2012. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation with both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses," THEMA Working Papers 2012-26, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.
- Bruno Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann & Bruno Van der Linden, 2011. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation with both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Responses," Working Papers 2011-15, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
- Pierre Cahuc & Cette Gilbert & André Zylberberg, 2008.
"Salaire minimum et bas revenus,"
Post-Print
halshs-00638149, HAL.
- Pierre Cahuc & Cette Gilbert & André Zylberberg, 2008. "Salaire minimum et bas revenus," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00638149, HAL.
- Mathias Hungerbühler & Etienne Lehmann & Alexis Parmentier & Bruno Van Der Linden, 2006.
"Optimal Redistributive Taxation in a Search Equilibrium Model,"
The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 73(3), pages 743-767.
- Hungerbühler, Mathias & Lehmann, Etienne & Parmentier, Alexis & Van der Linden, Bruno, 2005. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation in a Search Equilibrium Model," IZA Discussion Papers 1460, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Mathias Hungerbuehler & Etienne Lehmann & Alexis Parmentier & Bruno van Der Linden, 2006. "Optimal Redistributive Taxation in a Search Equilibrium Model," Post-Print hal-01248161, HAL.
- Boadway, Robin & Marceau, Nicolas & Sato, Motohiro, 1999. "Agency and the design of welfare systems," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 1-30, July.
- Michael Keen, 1997.
"Peculiar institutions: A British perspective on tax policy in the United States,"
Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 18(4), pages 371-400, November.
- Keen, Michael, 1997. "Peculiar Institutions: A British Perspective on Tax Policy in the United States," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 50(4), pages 779-802, December.
- Albert Jan Hummel, 2021. "Unemployment and tax design," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 21-061/VI, Tinbergen Institute.
- Pierre Cahuc & Guy Laroque, 2014.
"Optimal Taxation and Monopsonistic Labor Market: Does Monopsony Justify the Minimum Wage?,"
Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 16(2), pages 259-273, April.
- Cahuc, Pierre & Laroque, Guy, 2007. "Optimal Taxation and Monopsonistic Labor Market: Does Monopsony Justify the Minimum Wage?," IZA Discussion Papers 2955, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Pierre Cahuc & Guy Laroque, 2009. "Optimal Taxation and Monopsonistic Labor Market: Does Monopsony justify the Minimum Wage?," Working Papers hal-00396252, HAL.
- Laroque, Guy & Cahuc, Pierre, 2007. "Optimal Taxation and Monopsonistic Labour Market: Does Monopsony Justify the Minimum Wage?," CEPR Discussion Papers 6416, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
More about this item
Keywords
Redistribution; Employment Policies; Unemployment;
All these keywords.JEL classification:
- H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- J6 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
Statistics
Access and download statisticsCorrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cre:crefwp:121. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Stéphane Pallage (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/crefeca.html .
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.
- Robin Boadway & Katherine Cuff & Nicolas Marceau, 1999. "Inter-Jurisdictional Competition for Firms: Jobs as Vehicles for Redistribution," Cahiers de recherche CREFE / CREFE Working Papers 85, CREFE, Université du Québec à Montréal, revised Jul 1999.