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Content
2025
- 2025/140 Missing Imports in the Euro Area: Domestic Monetary Policy, Cross-Border Synchronization, and Demand Composition
by Francesca Caselli & Allan Dizioli
- 2025/139 Navigating the Evolving Landscape of External Financing in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Mr. Adrian Alter & Khushboo Khandelwal & Thibault Lemaire & Hamza Mighri & Can Sever & Luc Tucker
- 2025/138 Global Commodity Inflation Pass-through: Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States
by Laron Alleyne & Patrick Blagrave
- 2025/137 Understanding Inflation Dynamics in Afghanistan
by Karim Badr
- 2025/136 Financial Boom and Bust in the 19th Century: How Bad Was Germany’s Gründerkrise?
by Mr. Johannes Wiegand
- 2025/135 A Macroeconomic Framework for Long-Term Resilience and Growth
by David Bartolini & Andrew Ceber & Ms. Valerie Cerra & Pedro Juarros & Yujin Kim & Junko Mochizuki & Christine J. Richmond
- 2025/134 Estimated Monthly National Accounts for the United States
by Mr. Philip Barrett
- 2025/133 Global Financial Spillovers of Chinese Macroeconomic Surprises
by Mr. Philip Barrett
- 2025/132 Time-Varying Impacts of Government Spending on CO2 Emissions
by Stefano Di Bucchianico & Mario di Serio & Matteo Fragetta & Mr. Giovanni Melina
- 2025/131 Strategies for Africa's Climate Resilience: Trade and Practices
by Samantha Borkhoche & Miss Eman Abdulla & Mr. Edward R Gemayel & Vidhi Maheshwari & Faten Saliba
- 2025/130 The Drivers and Macroeconomic Impacts of Low-Carbon Innovation: A Cross-Country Exploration
by Ms. Zeina Hasna & Henry Hatton & Ms. Florence Jaumotte & Jaden Kim & Mr. Kamiar Mohaddes & Samuel Pienknagura
- 2025/129 Demystifying Trade Patterns In A Fragmenting World
by Tatjana Schulze & Weining Xin
- 2025/128 What Are Empirical Monetary Policy Shocks? Estimating the Term Structure of Policy News
by Jonathan J. Adams & Mr. Philip Barrett
- 2025/127 Repo Market Volatility and the U.S. Debt Ceiling
by Mai Dao & Brandon Tan & Jing Zhou
- 2025/126 Integrating Fragmented Networks: The Value of Interoperability in Money and Payments
by Alexander Copestake & Mr. Divya Kirti & Maria Soledad Martinez Peria & Yao Zeng
- 2025/125 The EU's CBAM: Implications for Member States and Trading Partners
by Geoffroy Dolphin & Gianluigi Ferrucci
- 2025/124 Personal Insolvency and Data Collection Systems
by Mr. José M. Garrido & Jason Kilborn & Anjum Rosha
- 2025/123 Real Equilibrium Interest Rates in the Euro Area
by Robert C. M. Beyer & Mr. Luis Brandão-Marques
- 2025/122 How Do Remittances Affect the Real Exchange Rate? An Empirical Investigation
by Ms. Alina Carare & Juan P Celis & Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov & Yasumasa Morito
- 2025/121 A Quarterly Projection Model for Tonga
by Mr. Sam Ouliaris & Ms. Celine Rochon & Daniel Taumoepeau
- 2025/120 Global Cross-Border Payments: A $1 Quadrillion Evolving Market?
by Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti & Melih Firat & Martina Hengge
- 2025/119 Testing the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in West and Central Africa
by Mr. Abdoul A Wane & Carlos de Resende & Jing Xie
- 2025/118 Should Tax Be King? The Debate over Tax Priority in Insolvency
by Mr. Irving Aw & Brendan Crowley & Mr. José M. Garrido
- 2025/117 Forging Strength: Exploring the Dynamic Interplay between Institutions and State Capacity
by Patrick A. Imam & João Tovar Jalles
- 2025/116 Growth, Interrupted: How Crises delay Global Convergence
by Patrick A. Imam & Jonathan R. W. Temple
- 2025/115 Natural Bank Reliance
by Hannah L Winterberg
- 2025/114 Making the EU’s Multiannual Financial Framework Fit for Purpose
by Matthias Busse & Ms. Huidan Huidan Lin & Mr. Malhar S Nabar & Jiae Yoo
- 2025/113 Lifting Binding Constraints on Growth in Europe: Actionable Priorities to Deepen the Single Market
by Mr. Nathaniel G Arnold & Allan Dizioli & Alexandra Fotiou & Jan-Martin Frie & Ms. Burcu Hacibedel & Tara Iyer & Ms. Huidan Huidan Lin & Mr. Malhar S Nabar & Mr. Hui Tong & Mr. Frederik G Toscani
- 2025/112 What is Needed for Convergence? The Role of Capital and Finance
by Bryan Hardy & Can Sever
- 2025/111 Growth Strategies and Diversification in the Pacific Islands Countries
by Ms. Gabriela Cugat
- 2025/110 No Quick Fix: The Recovery and Resilience Plan and External Position in Greece
by Mr. Zamid Aligishiev & Mr. Robert Blotevogel
- 2025/109 From Text to Quantified Insights: A Large-Scale LLM Analysis of Central Bank Communication
by Thiago Christiano Silva & Kei Moriya & Mr. Romain M Veyrune
- 2025/108 Cyclical Fiscal Multipliers: Policy Mix and Financial Friction Puzzle
by Mr. Zamid Aligishiev & Hamed Ghiaie
- 2025/107 Interest Rate Sensitivity Scenarios to Guide Monetary Policy
by Allan Dizioli
- 2025/106 Digitalization: A Catalyst for Intergenerational Occupational Mobility?
by Mame Astou Diouf & Mr. Boileau Loko & Rasmané Ouedraogo
- 2025/105 Scenario Synthesis and Macroeconomic Risk
by Mr. Tobias Adrian & Domenico Giannone & Matteo Luciani & Mike West
- 2025/104 Europe’s National-Level Structural Reform Priorities
by Mrs. Nina Budina & Oyun Erdene Adilbish & Mr. Diego A. Cerdeiro & Mr. Romain A Duval & Balázs Égert & Dmitriy Kovtun & Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen & Augustus J Panton & Ms. Michelle Tejada
- 2025/103 Long and Short-term Impact of Tourism on Growth in Small Developing States
by Daniel Cunha & Mr. Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu & Pedro Juca Maciel
- 2025/102 Supply Chain Diversification and Resilience
by Mr. JaeBin Ahn & Brandon Tan
- 2025/101 Fiscal Multipliers in Mongolia
by Mr. Tigran Poghosyan
- 2025/100 Labor Market Consequences of Homicides: Evidence from Mexico
by Lorenzo Aldeco Leo & Matteo Ghilardi & Hugo Tuesta
- 2025/099 Laying the Ground for Scaling up Climate Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Mr. Edward R Gemayel & Mr. Samuele Rosa & Vidhi Maheshwari & Christoph Ungerer & Peter Lindner
- 2025/098 Do Industrial Policies Increase Trade Competitiveness?
by Yueling Huang & Sandra Baquie & Ms. Florence Jaumotte & Jaden Kim & Yucheng Lu & Rafael Machado Parente & Samuel Pienknagura
- 2025/097 Macro-Financial Policies and Vulnerabilities in IMF-Supported Programs
by Yazan Al-Karablieh & José Marzluf & Hector Perez-Saiz & Azzam Santosa & Mr. Fabian Valencia
- 2025/096 From Banks to Nonbanks: Macroprudential and Monetary Policy Effects on Corporate Lending
by Bruno Albuquerque & Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti & Nanyu Chen & Melih Firat
- 2025/095 QPM-Based Analysis of Weather Shocks and Monetary Policy in Developing Countries
by Valeriu Nalban & Luis-Felipe Zanna
- 2025/094 The Rise and Retreat of US Inflation: An Update
by Laurence M. Ball & Mr. Daniel Leigh & Ms. Prachi Mishra
- 2025/093 Nowcasting Global Trade from Space
by Mr. Serkan Arslanalp & Seung Mo Choi & Parisa Kamali & Mr. Robin Koepke & Matthew McKetty & Michele Ruta & Mario Saraiva & Alessandra Sozzi & Jasper Verschuur
- 2025/092 Nowcasting Real GDP in Samoa
by Mr. Geoffrey M Heenan & Karras Lui & Ian J Nield & Eucharist Muaulu & Viiaonaoperesi Reupena & Ivy Sabuga & Aiulu Tolovaa
- 2025/091 The Energy Origins of the Global Inflation Surge
by Mr. Jorge A Alvarez & Thomas Kroen
- 2025/090 Missing Home-Buyers and Rent Inflation: The Role of Interest Rates and Mortgage Underwriting Standards
by Alessia De Stefani
- 2025/089 Leveraging Digital Technologies in Boosting Tax Collection
by Manabu Nose & Mr. Nicola Pierri & Mr. Jiro Honda
- 2025/088 Testing the Liquidity Support Effects of the U.S. Treasury Buyback Program
by Jing Zhou
- 2025/087 Preventing Fiscal Crises under Decentralization: Intergovernmental Policies and Institutions
by Ryota Nakatani
- 2025/086 Debt-at-Risk
by Davide Furceri & Domenico Giannone & Mr. Faizaan Kisat & Mr. Waikei R Lam & Hongchi Li
- 2025/085 Using Simulations for Cyber Stress Testing Exercises
by Mr. Tanai Khiaonarong & Kasperi N Korpinen & Emran Islam
- 2025/084 Impact Dynamics of Natural Disasters and the Case of Pacific Island Countries
by Choonsung Lim & Yue Zhou
- 2025/083 Fiscal Financing and Investment Irreversibility: The Role of Dividend Taxation
by Matteo Ghilardi & Roy Zilberman
- 2025/082 Labor Market Matching Efficiency and Koreas Low Post-Pandemic Unemployment
by Hua Chai
- 2025/081 Power Hungry: How AI Will Drive Energy Demand
by Mr. Christian Bogmans & Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez & Ganchimeg Ganpurev & Mr. Giovanni Melina & Mr. Andrea Pescatori & Sneha D Thube
- 2025/080 Shifting Advantages: Do Subsidies Shape Cross-Border Investment?
by Michele Ruta & Monika Sztajerowska
- 2025/079 Inflation Targeting and the Legacy of High Inflation
by Mr. Luis Ignacio Jácome & Mr. Nicolas E Magud & Samuel Pienknagura & Martin Uribe
- 2025/078 K Wasn’t Built in a Day
by Adriano Fernandes & Rodolfo Rigato
- 2025/077 IMF-ENV: Integrating Climate, Energy, and Trade Policies in a General Equilibrium Framework
by Jean Chateau & Hugo Rojas-Romagosa & Sneha D Thube & Dominique van der Mensbrugghe
- 2025/076 The Global Impact of AI: Mind the Gap
by Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti & Antonio I Garcia Pascual & Yosuke Kido & Longji Li & Mr. Giovanni Melina & Ms. Marina Mendes Tavares & Mr. Philippe Wingender
- 2025/075 “Checking the Receipts” Audits of Emergency Finance: A preliminary analysis of the implementation of the Letter of Intent commitment on audits in 50 countries
by Sebastiaan Pompe & Miss Alice F French & Martin Aldcroft & Camilla Fredriksen
- 2025/074 A New GCC Fiscal Era – A Look at the Macro and Firm-Level Impact of Tax Reforms
by Ms. Anja Baum & Ms. Dorothy Nampewo & Greta Polo
- 2025/073 Do ESG Considerations Matter for Emerging Market Sovereign Spreads?
by Carmen L Avila-Yiptong & Mahamoud Islam & Ayah Said & Chima Simpson-Bell
- 2025/072 Firm Financing During Sudden Stops: Can Governments Substitute Markets?
by Miguel Acosta-Henao & Andrés Fernández & Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez & Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
- 2025/071 Digital Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality in China
by Yan Shen & Mr. Fei Han & Yanlong Li
- 2025/070 Europe’s Debt (Un)Sustainability: Looking Through Bohn’s Magnifying Glass
by Mr. Aleš Bulíř & Khyati Chauhan
- 2025/069 Bidding Behavior in Italian Treasury Auctions: The Role of Top-ups
by Daniela Marchettini
- 2025/068 AI Adoption and Inequality
by Emma J Rockall & Ms. Marina Mendes Tavares & Carlo Pizzinelli
- 2025/067 AI and Productivity in Europe
by Florian Misch & Ben Park & Carlo Pizzinelli & Galen Sher
- 2025/066 Unconventional Monetary Policies in Small Open Economies
by Jesper Lindé & Marcin Kolasa & Stefan Laseen
- 2025/065 Demand for Safe Assets and Spillovers from the Global Dollar Cycle
by Mr. Cian Allen & Mr. Rudolfs Bems & Lukas Boer & Racha Moussa
- 2025/064 Micro-Evidence on the Consumption Impact of Income-Support Policies During COVID-19
by Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov & Emiliano Luttini & Mr. Luca A Ricci
- 2025/063 The Impact of Labor Litigation Cases on Firm-level Productivity in Brazil
by Mrs. Swarnali A Hannan & Samuel Pienknagura
- 2025/062 Credit Risk Where It’s Due: Carbon Pricing and Firm Defaults
by Stefan Löschenbrand & Martin Maier & Laurent Millischer & Florian Resch
- 2025/061 Trade Reform in Services: Structural Change and Production Networks
by Adam Jakubik & Wentao Zhou
- 2025/060 Privacy Technologies & The Digital Economy
by Parma Bains & Tamas Gaidosch
- 2025/059 Fiscal Determinants of Domestic Sovereign Bond Yields in Emerging Market and Developing Economies
by Manabu Nose & Jeta Menkulasi
- 2025/058 Monetary Shocks and Labor Markets: Evidence from Online Job Vacancy Postings
by Mr. Serhan Cevik & Alice Fan & Sadhna Naik
- 2025/057 Covered Interest Parity in Emerging Markets: Measurement and Drivers
by Mai Dao & Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas
- 2025/056 Could Digital Currencies Lead to the Disappearance of Cash from the Market?
by Mr. Marco Pani & Mr. Rodolfo Maino
- 2025/055 Lost Generations? Fertility and Economic Growth in Europe
by Mr. Serhan Cevik
- 2025/054 The Insurer Channel of Monetary Policy
by Mr. Divya Kirti & Akshat V. Singh
- 2025/053 Interactions Between Public and Private Sector Wages and Inflation in Mongolia
by Mr. Tigran Poghosyan
- 2025/052 Extreme Weather Events, Agricultural Output, and Insurance: Evidence from South America
by Juliette Caucheteux & Mr. Jonas Nauerz & Svetlana Vtyurina
- 2025/051 Evaluating Historical Episodes using Shock Decompositions in the DSGE Model
by Mr. Zamid Aligishiev & Michael Ben-Gad & Joseph Pearlman
- 2025/050 Not all Housing Cycles are Created Equal: Macroeconomic Consequences of Housing Booms
by Bruno Albuquerque & Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti & Yosuke Kido & Mr. Richard Varghese
- 2025/049 Pension Reform and Stock Market Development
by Shujaat Khan & Bo Li & Mr. Yunhui Zhao
- 2025/048 Monetary Policy and Inflation Expectations: High-Frequency Evidence from Brazil
by Carlos Goncalves & Mauro Rodrigues & Fernando Genta
- 2025/047 Economic Benefits from Deep Integration: 20 years after the 2004 EU Enlargement
by Robert C. M. Beyer & Claire Li & Mr. Sebastian Weber
- 2025/046 Understanding the Macroeconomic Effects of Natural Disasters
by Ha Nguyen & Alan Feng & Ms. Mercedes Garcia-Escribano
- 2025/045 Understanding Trade Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Hany Abdel-Latif & Khushboo Khandelwal & Ms. Longmei Zhang
- 2025/044 Prometheus Unbound: What Makes Fintech Grow?
by Mr. Serhan Cevik
- 2025/043 Artificial Intelligence and the Philippine Labor Market: Mapping Occupational Exposure and Complementarity
by Micholo Cucio & Tristan Hennig
- 2025/042 A New Perspective on Temperature Shocks
by Mr. Nooman Rebei
- 2025/041 Sandcastles and Financial Systems: A Sandpile Metaphor
by Francesco Luna & Ms. Luisa Zanforlin
- 2025/040 Europe’s Productivity Weakness: Firm-Level Roots and Remedies
by Oyun Erdene Adilbish & Mr. Diego A. Cerdeiro & Mr. Romain A Duval & Mr. Gee Hee Hong & Luca Mazzone & Lorenzo Rotunno & Hasan H Toprak & Maryam Vaziri
- 2025/039 Transport Frictions and the Pass-Through of Global Price Shocks in a Spatial Model of Low-Income Countries
by Lisa Martin & Mr. Christopher S Adam & Douglas Gollin
- 2025/038 Strengthening Fiscal Frameworks in the Presence of Rising Risk of Natural Disasters
by Olusegun Ayodele Akanbi & Jessie Kilembe & Do Yeon Park
- 2025/037 Climate News and Asset Valuations: Insights from Latin America
by Muhsin Ciftci & Ms. Christina Kolerus
- 2025/036 Government Debt and Growth: The Role of R&D
by Can Sever
- 2025/035 Optimal Interest Rate Tightening with Financial Fragility
by Mr. Damien Capelle & Mr. Ken Teoh
- 2025/034 TLTRO Spillovers Outside the Euro Area
by Carolina Lopez-Quiles & Mr. Adil Mohommad
- 2025/033 The HIPC Initiative and China’s Emergence as a Lender: post hoc or propter hoc?
by Mr. Tito Cordella & Maia Cufre & Mr. Andrea F Presbitero
- 2025/032 Social Security Reforms, Retirement and Sectoral Decisions
by Bruno R. Delalibera & Pedro Cavalcanti Ferreira & Rafael Machado Parente
- 2025/031 An Evaluation of World Economic Outlook Forecasts: Any Evidence of Asymmetry?
by Emrehan Aktuğ & Abolfazl Rezghi
- 2025/030 The Labor Market Decisions of Older Workers in Ageing Economies: Evidence from Spain and the UK
by Rodrigo Barrela & Mr. Pragyan Deb & Gloria Li & Carlo Pizzinelli
- 2025/029 Firm Performance, Business Supports and Zombification over the Pandemic
by Alexander Amundsen & Amélie Lafrance-Cooke & Danny Leung
- 2025/028 Carbon Pricing at Export Markets: Trade-Related Implications in Trinidad and Tobago
by Ilya Stepanov & Diego A Gutierrez & Mr. Camilo E Tovar Mora
- 2025/027 Spillovers from Large Emerging Economies: How Dominant Is China?
by Hany Abdel-Latif & Ms. Adina Popescu
- 2025/026 The Economic Costs of Temperature Uncertainty
by Luca Bettarelli & Davide Furceri & Michael Ganslmeier & Marc Schiffbauer
- 2025/025 Inattentiveness and the Investment Channel of Monetary Policy
by Abolfazl Rezghi
- 2025/024 Long-Term Debt and Short-Term Rates: Fixed-Rate Mortgages and Monetary Transmission
by Alessia De Stefani & Rui Mano
- 2025/023 Production Network Features of Industrial Policy
by Vanya Georgieva
- 2025/022 Designing Expenditure Policy Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs
by Emine Hanedar & Zsuzsa Munkacsi
- 2025/021 Domestic Market Integration and Regional Growth: The Case of Mexico
by Felipe J. Fonseca & Samir Jahan & Irving Llamosas‐Rosas & Tomohide Mineyama & Erick Rangel‐Gonzalez & Hugo Tuesta
- 2025/020 External Knowledge, R&D, and Innovation: Mapping the Market for Technology Across European Industries
by Christoph Grimpe & Fuad Hasanov & Wolfgang Sofka & Geoffrey Borchardt & Philip Schulz
- 2025/019 A Debt Crisis with Strategic Investors: Changes in Demand and the Role of Market Power
by Ricardo Alves Monteiro
- 2025/018 Competitiveness and Productivity in the Baltics: Common Shocks, Different Implications
by Saioa Armendariz & Carlos de Resende & Alice Fan & Gianluigi Ferrucci & Bingjie Hu & Sadhna Naik & Can Ugur
- 2025/017 Strengthening Tax Governance Through Legal Design
by Ms. Lydia E Sofrona & Mr. Christophe J Waerzeggers & Brendan Crowley
- 2025/016 Foreign Aid and Conflicts: The Effects of 9/11 on Donor Behavior
by Mr. Rabah Arezki & Youssouf Camara & Patrick A. Imam & Mr. Kangni R Kpodar
- 2025/015 Shocks and Shields: Macroeconomic Institutions During Commodity Price Swings
by Mr. Rabah Arezki & Patrick A. Imam & Mr. Kangni R Kpodar & Dao Le-Van
- 2025/014 State Capacity and Growth Regimes
by Patrick A. Imam & Jonathan R. W. Temple
- 2025/013 The Macroeconomic and Welfare Benefits of Building Resilience in Disaster-Prone Developing Countries
by Mr. Yehenew Endegnanew & Rafael D Goncalves & Samuel Mann & Ms. Marina Mendes Tavares & Harold Zavarce
- 2025/012 Frayed Societies: Decoding the Interplay between Conflicts and Gender Inequality
by Mrs. Paola Ganum & Can Sever
- 2025/011 Portfolio Inertia and Expected Excess Returns in Currency Markets: Evidence from Advanced Economies
by Mr. Bas B. Bakker
- 2025/010 Is Tax Policy Costly Industrial Policy in Mozambique?
by Santos Bila & Utkarsh Kumar & Alexis Meyer-Cirkel
- 2025/009 Understanding Agricultural Output in Mozambique: Using remote sensing to initiate a discussion on development
by Kelsee Bratley & Alexis Meyer-Cirkel
- 2025/008 Drivers and Effects of Residence and Citizenship by Investment
by Sofronis Clerides & Maria Delgado Coelho & Mr. Alexander D Klemm & Mr. Christos Kotsogiannis
- 2025/007 Shocked: Electricity Price Volatility Spillovers in Europe
by Mr. Serhan Cevik & Yueshu Zhao
- 2025/006 Foreign Aid and (Big) Shocks: Evidence from Natural Disasters
by Mr. Rabah Arezki & Youssouf Camara & Patrick A. Imam & Mr. Kangni R Kpodar
- 2025/005 Immigration and Local Inflation
by Mr. Philip Barrett & Brandon Tan
- 2025/004 The Macroeconomic Impact of Droughts in Uruguay: A General Equilibrium Analysis Using the Soil Moisture Deficit Index
by Jean François Clevy & Christopher Evans
- 2025/003 Drivers of Inflation in the Caucasus and Central Asia
by Maria Atamanchuk & Alejandro Hajdenberg & Dalia Kadissi & Giulio Lisi & Nasir H Rao
- 2025/002 The Scalability of Credit-Enhanced EM Climate Debt: What Role Can Guarantees, Collateralization, Securitizations, and Investment Funds Play?
by Peter Lindner & Mr. Ananthakrishnan Prasad & Jean-Marie Masse
- 2025/001 Market Power in the Middle East
by Ms. Yevgeniya Korniyenko & Ahmed K Tohamy & Weining Xin
2024