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On the Elasticity of Effort for Piece Rates: Evidence from the British Columbia Tree-Planting Industry

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  • Harry J. Paarsch
  • Bruce Shearer

Abstract

If policy prescriptions for compensation systems are to be useful, then they must be based on the empirical analysis of incentive effects; i.e., the elasticity of worker effort with respect to changes in the compensation system. We measure the elasticity of worker effort with respect to changes in the piece rate using panel data collected from the payroll records of a British Columbia tree-planting firm. Our data contain information on daily worker productivity and the piece rate received over a five-month period. We highlight the endogeneity problems inherent in traditional empirical analyses of compensation systems. In particular, employing regression methods, which use the sample covariance between piece rates and daily productivity to identify the incentive effect, we consistently estimate the elasticity of effort with respect to changes in the piece rate to be negative. Using a structural model to control for the endogeneity of the piece rate, we estimate the elasticity to be approximately 2.2. Structural estimation also allows us to perform policy experiments and to compare firm profits under alternative compensation systems. Our results suggest that profits would increase by at least 17 percent were the firm to implement the optimal contract as predicted by principal-agent theory. Pour que les prévisions politiques à l'égard des systèmes de compensation soient utiles, il faut qu'elles soient basées sur des analyses empiriques des effets incitatifs, i.e. l'élasticité de l'effort du travailleur par rapport aux changements dans le système de compensation. Nous mesurons l'élasticité de l'effort du travailleur par rapport aux changements dans la rémunération à la pièce en utilisant des données longitudinales que nous avons colligées à partir des archives d'une compagnie qui s'occupe de plantation d'arbres en Colombie-Britannique. Nos données contiennent de l'information sur la productivité quotidienne des travailleurs ainsi que sur le taux de rémunération à la pièce pendant une période de 5 mois. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux problèmes d'endogénéité inhérents à l'analyse empirique traditionnelle des systèmes de compensation. En employant des méthodes de régression qui utilisent la covariance de l'échantillon entre la rémunération à la pièce et la productivité quotidienne pour identifier l'effet incitatif, nous estimons que l'élasticité de l'effort par rapport aux changements dans la rémunération à la pièce est négative. En employant un modèle structurel qui contrôle l'endogénéité de la rémunération à la pièce, nous estimons que l'élasticité est d'environ 2,2. L'application des méthodes structurelles nous permet également de faire des expériences politiques et de comparer les profits de l'entreprise sous différents systèmes de compensation. Nos résultats démontrent que les profits augmenteraient par au moins 17 % si l'entreprise adoptait le contrat optimal prédit par la théorie du principal-agent.

Suggested Citation

  • Harry J. Paarsch & Bruce Shearer, 1997. "On the Elasticity of Effort for Piece Rates: Evidence from the British Columbia Tree-Planting Industry," CIRANO Working Papers 97s-31, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:97s-31
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lazear, Edward P & Rosen, Sherwin, 1981. "Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 841-864, October.
    2. Paarsch, Harry J & Shearer, Bruce, 2000. "Piece Rates, Fixed Wages, and Incentive Effects: Statistical Evidence from Payroll Records," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 41(1), pages 59-92, February.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Compensation Systems; Incentive Effect; Principal-Agent Models; Systèmes de compensation; effet incitatif; modèles principal-agent;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D2 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

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