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Cross-border Partial Equity Ownership

Author

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  • Tomohiro Ara
  • Arghya Ghosh
  • Hodaka Morita
  • Hiroshi Mukunoki

Abstract

Firms often form a cross-border alliance by partially owning the equity. When and why do firms have cross-border partial equity ownership (PEO)? Under which conditions should a government give approval for firms to form such PEO? To address the questions, this paper develops an international oligopoly model where one foreign firm forms cross-border PEO with one home firm. PEO helps firms adjust production by avoiding trade costs but decreases market competition inducing a rival firm to take aggressive actions. We find that when cost differences between cross-border alliance firms are moderate, they choose PEO in order to shift the output between them most effectively while alleviating a rival firm's aggressive actions. However, a government should ban this PEO from the viewpoint of welfare, since the negative effect of weakened competition dominates the positive effect of output shifting: only when cost differences are large, should a government approve cross-border PEO.

Suggested Citation

  • Tomohiro Ara & Arghya Ghosh & Hodaka Morita & Hiroshi Mukunoki, 2025. "Cross-border Partial Equity Ownership," TUPD Discussion Papers 66, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University.
    • Handle: RePEc:toh:tupdaa:66
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    File URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10097/0002003551
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    References listed on IDEAS

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