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Content
2020
- 20-17 No Firm Is an Island? How Industry Conditions Shape Firms’ Expectations
by - 20-16 Consumption Heterogeneity by Occupation: Understanding the Impact of Occupation on Personal Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by - 20-15 Household Inflation Expectations and Consumer Spending: Evidence from Panel Data
by Mary A. Burke & Ali K. Ozdagli - 20-14 Larceny in the Product Market: A Hidden Tax?
by - 20-13 Distributional Effects of Payment Card Pricing and Merchant Cost Pass-through in the United States and Canada
by Marie-Hélène Felt & Fumiko Hayashi & Joanna Stavins & Angelika Welte - 20-12 The Impact of Regulatory Stress Tests on Bank Lending and Its Macroeconomic Consequences
by Falk Bräuning & Jose Fillat - 20-11 Fiscal Expansions in the Era of Low Real Interest Rates
by Vaishali Garga - 20-10 Bargaining Power and Outside Options in the Interbank Lending Market
by Puriya Abbassi & Falk Bräuning & Niels Schulze - 20-9 Consumer Payment Choice for Bill Payments
by Claire Greene & Joanna Stavins - 20-8 Real Effects of Foreign Exchange Risk Migration: Evidence from Matched Firm-Bank Microdata
by Puriya Abbassi & Falk Bräuning - 20-7 Mortgage Prepayment, Race, and Monetary Policy
by Kristopher S. Gerardi & Paul S. Willen & David Hao Zhang - 20-6 Estimating the Cost Function of Connecticut Public K–12 Education: Implications for Inequity and Inadequacy in School Spending
by Bo Zhao - 20-5 Dynamic Sales Tax Competition: Evidence from Panel Data at the Border
by Melissa Gentry & Nadia Greenhalgh-Stanley & Shawn M. Rohlin & Jeffrey P. Thompson - 20-4 Wealth Distribution and Retirement Preparation among Early Savers
by Alice Henriques Volz & Lindsay Jacobs & Elizabeth Llanes & Kevin B. Moore & Jeffrey P. Thompson
2019
- 19-20 Recent Employment Growth in Cities, Suburbs, and Rural Communities
by Benjamin K. Couillard & Christopher L. Foote - 19-19 Output Hysteresis and Optimal Monetary Policy
by Vaishali Garga & Sanjay R. Singh - 19-18 The Optimal Inflation Target and the Natural Rate of Interest
by Philippe Andrade & Jordi Gali & Hervé Le Bihan & Julien Matheron - 19-17 Delphic and Odyssean Monetary Policy Shocks: Evidence from the Euro Area
by Philippe Andrade & Filippo Ferroni - 19-16 How Magic a Bullet Is Machine Learning for Credit Analysis? An Exploration with FinTech Lending Data
by Charles B. Perkins & J. Christina Wang - 19-15 Output Spillovers from U.S. Monetary Policy: The Role of International Trade and Financial Linkages
by Falk Bräuning & Viacheslav Sheremirov - 19-14 Inflation Thresholds and Inattention
by Anat Bracha & Jenny Tang - 19-13 Accounting for racial wealth disparities in the United States
by Gustavo A. Suarez & Jeffrey P. Thompson - 19-12 Tariff passthrough at the border and at the store: evidence from US trade policy
by Alberto Cavallo & Gita Gopinath & Brent Neiman & Jenny Tang - 19-11 Technological innovation in mortgage underwriting and the growth in credit, 1985–2015
by Christopher L. Foote & Lara Loewenstein & Paul S. Willen - 19-10 Consumption, credit, and the missing young
by Daniel H. Cooper & Olga Gorbachev & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado - 20-3 No Longer Qualified? Changes in the Supply and Demand for Skills within Occupations
by - 20-1 Punishment and Crime: The Impact of Felony Conviction on Criminal Activity
by Osborne Jackson - 19-9 Trends in household portfolio composition
by Jesse Bricker & Kevin B. Moore & Jeffrey P. Thompson - 19-8 Does getting a mortgage affect credit card use?
by Scott L. Fulford & Joanna Stavins - 19-7 How does liquidity affect consumer payment choice?
by Joanna Stavins - 19-6 Measuring household wealth in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics: the role of retirement assets
by Daniel H. Cooper & Karen E. Dynan & Hannah Rhodenhiser - 19-4 Estimating the marginal propensity to consume using the distributions of income, consumption and wealth
by Jonathan D. Fisher & David Johnson & Timothy Smeeding & Jeffrey P. Thompson - 19-3 Fiscal multipliers in advanced and developing countries: evidence from military spending
by Viacheslav Sheremirov & Sandra Spirovska
2018
- 18-12 The ups and downs of the gig economy, 2015–2017
by Anat Bracha & Mary A. Burke - 18-11 What are the consequences of global banking for the international transmission of shocks?: a quantitative analysis
by Jose Fillat & Stefania Garetto & Arthur V. Smith - 18-10 The dollar during the global recession: US monetary policy and the exorbitant duty
by Vania Stavrakeva & Jenny Tang - 19-5 The impact of migration on earnings inequality
by Osborne Jackson - 19-2 State disinvestment in higher education: the impact on public research universities' patent applications
by Bo Zhao - 19-1 Family characteristics and macroeconomic factors in U. S. intragenerational family income mobility, 1978–2014
by Katharine L. Bradbury - 18-9 Intrinsic expectations persistence: evidence from professional and household survey expectations
by Jeffrey C. Fuhrer - 18-8 Should the Fed regularly evaluate its monetary policy framework?
by Jeffrey C. Fuhrer & Giovanni P. Olivei & Eric S. Rosengren & Geoffrey M. B. Tootell - 18-7 Credit card debt and consumer payment choice: what can we learn from credit bureau data?
by Joanna Stavins - 18-6 The pricing of FX forward contracts: micro evidence from banks’ dollar hedging
by Puriya Abbassi & Falk Bräuning - 18-5 The effects of changes in local-bank health on household consumption
by Daniel H. Cooper & Joe Peek - 18-4 A concise test of rational consumer search
by Chloe Lee & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado & Bent E. Sorensen - 18-3 News-driven uncertainty fluctuations
by Dongho Song & Jenny Tang - 18-2 The supply side of discrimination: evidence from the labor supply of Boston taxi drivers
by Osborne Jackson - 18-1 Disinvesting in the future?: a comprehensive examination of the effects of state appropriations for public higher education
by Bo Zhao
2017
- 17-17 Financial variables and macroeconomic forecast errors
by Michelle L. Barnes & Giovanni P. Olivei - 17-16 Portfolio choice with house value misperception
by Stefano Corradin & Jose Fillat & Carles Vergara-Alert - 17-15 Monetary policy through production networks: evidence from the stock market
by Ali K. Ozdagli & Michael Weber - 17-14 Credit card utilization and consumption over the life cycle and business cycle
by Scott L. Fulford & Scott Schuh - 17-13 Mortgage-default research and the recent foreclosure crisis
by Christopher L. Foote & Paul S. Willen - 17-12 FOMC communication and interest rate sensitivity to news
by Jenny Tang - 17-11 Inflation expectations and nonlinearities in the Phillips curve
by Alexander Doser & Ricardo Nunes & Nikhil Rao & Viacheslav Sheremirov - 17-10 Transparency in state debt disclosure
by Wen Wang & Bo Zhao - 16-31 Does changing employers’ access to criminal histories affect ex-offenders’ recidivism?: evidence from the 2010–2012 Massachusetts CORI Reform
by Osborne Jackson & Bo Zhao - 16-30 The effect of changing employers’ access to criminal histories on ex-offenders’ labor market outcomes: evidence from the 2010–2012 Massachusetts CORI Reform
by Osborne Jackson & Bo Zhao - 16-28 The time-varying price of financial intermediation in the mortgage market
by Andreas Fuster & Stephanie Lo & Paul S. Willen - 16-26 Heterogeneous exporters: quantitative differences and qualitative similarities
by Camila Casas & Federico J. Diez & Alejandra Gonzalez - 17-9 U. S. monetary policy and emerging market credit cycles
by Falk Bräuning & Victoria Ivashina - 17-8 The local aggregate effects of minimum wage increases
by Daniel H. Cooper & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado & Jonathan A. Parker - 17-7 Integrated household surveys: an assessment of U.S. methods and an innovation
by Krislert Samphantharak & Scott Schuh & Robert M. Townsend - 17-6 International financial integration, crises, and monetary policy: evidence from the euro area interbank crises
by Puriya Abbassi & Falk Bräuning & Falko Fecht & Jose Luis Peydro - 17-4 Payment discounts and surcharges: the role of consumer preferences
by Joanna Stavins & Huijia Wu - 17-3 Banks' search for yield in the low interest rate environment: a tale of regulatory adaptation
by J. Christina Wang - 17-2 Measuring consumer expenditures with payment diaries
by Scott Schuh - 17-1 Population aging, labor demand, and the structure of wages
by Michael Papadopoulos & Margarita Patria & Robert K. Triest
2016
- 16-29 Who counts as employed?: informal work, employment status, and labor market slack
by Anat Bracha & Mary A. Burke - 16-27 Show me the money: the monetary policy risk premium
by Ali K. Ozdagli & Mihail Velikov - 16-25 Firms in international trade
by Federico J. Diez & Jesse Mora & Alan C. Spearot - 16-24 Did life insurers benefit from TARP or regulatory forbearance during the financial crisis of 2008–2009?
by Michelle L. Barnes - 16-23 Investment decisions and negative interest rates
by Anat Bracha - 16-22 Lending to unhealthy firms in Japan during the lost decade: distinguishing between technical and financial health
by Suparna Chakraborty & Joe Peek - 16-20 The influence of gender and income on the household division of financial responsibility
by Marcin Hitczenko - 16-19 Are there social spillovers in consumers’ security assessments of payment instruments?
by Charles M. Kahn & José Manuel Liñares-Zegarra & Joanna Stavins - 16-18 Monetary policy and regional house-price appreciation
by Daniel H. Cooper & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado & Giovanni P. Olivei - 16-17 Household formation over time: evidence from two cohorts of young adults
by Daniel H. Cooper & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado - 16-16 Business complexity and risk management: evidence from operational risk events in U. S. bank holding companies
by Anna Chernobai & Ali K. Ozdagli & Jianlin Wang - 16-15 You can be too thin (but not too tall): social desirability bias in self-reports of weight and height
by Mary A. Burke & Katherine Grace Carman - 16-14 The effects of government spending on real exchange rates: evidence from military spending panel data
by Wataru Miyamoto & Thuy Lan Nguyen & Viacheslav Sheremirov - 16-13 The dynamic factor network model with an application to global credit risk
by Falk Bräuning & Siem Jan Koopman - 16-12 Cross-sectional patterns of mortgage debt during the housing boom: evidence and implications
by Christopher L. Foote & Lara Loewenstein & Paul S. Willen - 16-11 Does Fed policy reveal a ternary mandate?
by Joe Peek & Eric S. Rosengren & Geoffrey M. B. Tootell - 16-10 “No more credit score”: employer credit check bans and signal substitution
by Robert Clifford & Daniel Shoag - 17-5 Monetary policy and global banking
by Falk Bräuning & Victoria Ivashina - 16-9 Downskilling: changes in employer skill requirements over the business cycle
by Joshua Ballance & Alicia Sasser Modestino & Daniel Shoag - 16-8 Levels and trends in the income mobility of U.S. families, 1977−2012
by Katharine L. Bradbury - 16-7 Relationship lending in the interbank market and the price of liquidity
by Falk Bräuning & Falko Fecht - 16-6 The credit card debt puzzle: the role of preferences, credit risk, and financial literacy
by Olga Gorbachev & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado - 16-5 The effect of demographics on payment behavior: panel data with sample selection
by Joanna Stavins - 16-4 Optimal time-consistent government debt maturity
by Davide Debortoli & Ricardo Nunes & Pierre Yared - 16-3 A dynamic network model of the unsecured interbank lending market
by Francisco Blasques & Iman Van Lelyveld - 16-2 What determines the level of local business property taxes?
by David Merriman - 16-1 Moving to a new job: the role of home equity, debt, and access to credit
by Yuliya Demyanyk & Dmytro Hryshko & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado & Bent E. Sorensen
2015
- 15-18 Does immigration crowd natives into or out of higher education?
by Osborne Jackson - 15-17 Consumer revolving credit and debt over the life cycle and business cycle
by Scott L. Fulford & Scott Schuh - 15-16 Exchange rates and monetary policy
by Vania Stavrakeva & Jenny Tang - 15-15 The final countdown: the effect of monetary policy during \"Wait-for-It\" and reversal periods
by Ali K. Ozdagli - 15-14 From urban core to wealthy towns: nonschool fiscal disparities across Connecticut municipalities
by Bo Zhao - 15-13 Can't pay or won't pay?: unemployment, negative equity, and strategic default
by Kristopher S. Gerardi & Kyle F. Herkenhoff & Lee E. Ohanian & Paul S. Willen - 15-12 The rise and fall of consumption in the '00s
by Yuliya Demyanyk & Dmytro Hryshko & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado & Bent E. Sorensen - 15-11 Do increases in subsidized housing reduce the incidence of homelessness?: evidence from the low-income housing tax credit
by Osborne Jackson & Laura Kawano - 15-10 Price dispersion and inflation: new facts and theoretical implications
by Viacheslav Sheremirov - 14-17 Upskilling: do employers demand greater skill when skilled workers are plentiful?
by Joshua Ballance & Alicia Sasser Modestino & Daniel Shoag - 14-14 Productivity and export market participation: evidence from Colombia
by Camila Casas & Federico J. Diez & Alejandra Gonzalez & Stefany Moreno - 15-9 Output response to government spending: evidence from new international military spending data
by Viacheslav Sheremirov & Sandra Spirovska - 15-7 The distributional effects of contractual norms: the case of cropshare agreements
by Mary A. Burke - 15-5 Expectations as a source of macroeconomic persistence: an exploration of firms' and households' expectation formation
by Jeffrey C. Fuhrer - 15-4 The Failure of supervisory stress testing: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and OFHEO
by W. Scott Frame & Kristopher S. Gerardi & Paul S. Willen - 15-3 Designing a simple loss function for the Fed: does the dual mandate make sense?
by Davide Debortoli & Jinill Kim & Jesper Linde & Ricardo Nunes - 15-1 Price setting in online markets: does IT click?
by Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Viacheslav Sheremirov & Oleksandr Talavera
2014
- 14-16 Labor market polarization over the business cycle
by Christopher L. Foote & Richard W. Ryan - 14-15 Vanishing procyclicality of productivity?: industry evidence
by J. Christina Wang - 14-13 House price growth when children are teenagers: a path to higher earnings?
by Daniel H. Cooper & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado - 14-12 Saving for a rainy day: estimating the appropriate size of U.S. state budget stabilization funds
by Bo Zhao - 14-11 Smoothing state tax revenues over the business cycle: gauging fiscal needs and opportunities
by Yolanda Kodrzycki - 14-10 The forecasting power of consumer attitudes for consumer spending
by Michelle L. Barnes & Giovanni P. Olivei - 15-6 Within-school spillover effects of foreclosures and student mobility on student academic performance
by Katharine L. Bradbury & Mary A. Burke & Robert K. Triest - 15-2 Nudging credit scores in the field: the effect of text reminders on creditworthiness in the United States
by Anat Bracha & Stephan Meier - 14-9 Measuring unfamiliar economic concepts: the case of prepaid card adoption
by Marcin Hitczenko & Mingzhu Tai - 14-7 Foreign nurse importation to the United States and the supply of native registered nurses
by Patricia Cortes & Jessica Pan - 14-6 Financial frictions and the reaction of stock prices to monetary policy shocks
by Ali K. Ozdagli - 14-5 This is what's in your wallet... and here's how you use it
by Tamas Briglevics & Scott Schuh - 14-4 Consumer cash usage: a cross-country comparison with payment diary survey data
by John Bagnall & David Bounie & Kim P. Huynh & Anneke Kosse & Tobias Schmidt & Scott Schuh & Helmut Stix - 14-3 The ins and arounds in the U.S. housing market
by Rudiger Bachmann & Daniel H. Cooper - 14-2 Labor market transitions and the availability of unemployment insurance
by Katharine L. Bradbury - 14-1 Merchant steering of consumer payment choice: evidence from a 2012 Diary survey
by Oz Shy & Joanna Stavins - 13-8 The effect of unemployment duration on future earnings and other outcomes
by Daniel H. Cooper
2013
- 13-26 The role of economic, fiscal, and financial shocks in the evolution of public sector pension funding
by Robert K. Triest & Bo Zhao - 13-25 Household inflation expectations and consumer spending: evidence from panel data
by Mary A. Burke & Ali K. Ozdagli - 13-24 An evaluation of the Federal Reserve estimates of the natural rate of unemployment in real time
by Fabia Gumbau-Brisa & Giovanni P. Olivei - 13-23 U.S. consumer demand for cash in the era of low interest rates and electronic payments
by Tamas Briglevics & Scott Schuh - 13-22 The cost of fiscal policy uncertainty: industry evidence of its impact on the labor market
by J. Christina Wang - 13-21 Technological progress, the \"user cost of money,\" and the real output of banks
by Susanto Basu & J. Christina Wang - 13-20 Optimal monetary policy under model uncertainty without commitment
by Anna Orlik & Ignacio Presno - 13-19 Not so fast: high-frequency financial data for macroeconomic event studies
by Ali K. Ozdagli - 13-18 Walking a tightrope: are U. S. state and local governments on a fiscally sustainable path?
by David Coyne & Bo Zhao - 13-17 Is bank debt special for the transmission of monetary policy? Evidence from the stock market
by Filippo Ippolito & Ali K. Ozdagli & Ander Perez - 13-16 Optimal recall period length in consumer payment surveys
by Marcin Hitczenko - 13-15 Modeling anchoring effects in sequential Likert scale questions
by Marcin Hitczenko - 13-14 Affirmative action and stereotype threat
by Anat Bracha & Alma Cohen & Lynn Conell-Price - 13-13 How many cards do you use?
by Oz Shy - 13-12 The effect of foreclosure on Boston Public School student academic performance
by Katharine L. Bradbury & Mary A. Burke & Robert K. Triest - 13-11 How low can you go? Charity reporting when donations signal income and generosity
by Anat Bracha & Lise Vesterlund - 13-10 Enforcement and immigrant location choice
by Tara Watson - 15-8 Uncertainty and the signaling channel of monetary policy
by Jenny Tang - 13-9 Occupation-level income shocks and asset returns: their covariance and implications for portfolio choice
by Steven J. Davis & Paul S. Willen - 13-7 The value to banks of small business lending
by Dmytro Holod & Joe Peek - 13-6 Payment choice with consumer panel data
by Michael Cohen & Marc Rysman - 13-5 Cyclical unemployment, structural unemployment
by Peter A. Diamond - 13-4 Window shopping
by Oz Shy - 13-3 Do real-time Okun's law errors predict GDP data revisions?
by Michelle L. Barnes & Fabia Gumbau-Brisa & Giovanni P. Olivei - 13-2 The power of sunspots: an experimental analysis
by Dietmar Fehr & Frank Heinemann & Aniol Llorente-Saguer - 13-1 The impact of managed care on the gender earnings gap among physicians
by Alicia Sasser Modestino
2012
- 12-19 Real expectations: replacing rational expectations with survey expectations in dynamic macro models
by Jeffrey C. Fuhrer - 12-18 Monetary shocks and stock returns: identification through the impossible trinity
by Ali K. Ozdagli & Yifan Yu - 12-17 Cyclical and sectoral transitions in the U.S. housing market
by Daniel H. Cooper - 12-16 Predicting health behaviors with economic preferences and perceived control
by Lynn Conell-Price & Julian Jamison - 12-15 Uncertainty shocks in a model of effective demand
by Susanto Basu & Brent Bundick - 12-14 Explaining adoption and use of payment instruments by U. S. consumers
by Sergei Koulayev & Marc Rysman & Scott Schuh & Joanna Stavins - 12-13 Nice to be on the A-list
by Yasushi Hamao & Kenji Kutsuna & Joe Peek - 12-12 Competitive incentives: working harder or working smarter?
by Anat Bracha & Chaim Fershtman - 12-11 Sovereign default risk and uncertainty premia
by Demian Pouzo & Ignacio Presno - 12-10 Fiscal devaluations
by Emmanuel Farhi & Gita Gopinath & Oleg Itskhoki - 12-9 Potential effects of the Great Recession on the U.S. labor market
by William T. Dickens & Robert K. Triest - 12-8 Core competencies, matching, and the structure of foreign direct investment: an update
by Federico J. Diez & Alan C. Spearot - 12-7 Measuring household spending and payment habits: the role of “typical” and “specific” time frames in survey questions
by Marco Angrisani & Arie Kapteyn & Scott Schuh - 12-6 Relative pay and labor supply
by Anat Bracha & Uri Gneezy - 12-5 Selecting public goods institutions: who likes to punish and reward?
by Michalis Drouvelis & Julian Jamison - 12-4 Investment in customer recognition and information exchange
by Oz Shy & Rune Stenbacka - 12-3 Valuable cheap talk and equilibrium selection
by Julian Jamison - 12-2 How consumers pay: adoption and use of payments
by Scott Schuh & Joanna Stavins - 12-1 Are American homeowners locked into their houses?: the impact of housing market conditions on state-to-state migration
by Julia Dennett & Alicia Sasser Modestino
2011
- 11-17 Inflation dynamics when inflation is near zero
by Jeffrey C. Fuhrer & Giovanni P. Olivei & Geoffrey M. B. Tootell - 11-16 The Great Recession and bank lending to small businesses
by Judit Montoriol-Garriga & J. Christina Wang - 11-15 Games with synergistic preferences
by Julian Jamison - 11-14 Managing self-confidence: theory and experimental evidence
by Markus M. Mobius & Muriel Niederle & Paul Niehaus & Tanya Rosenblat - 11-13 Core competencies and the structure of foreign direct investment
by Federico J. Diez & Alan C. Spearot - 11-12 Further investigations into the origin of credit score cutoff rules
by Ryan Bubb & Alex Kaufman - 11-11 The role of expectations in U. S. inflation dynamics
by Jeffrey C. Fuhrer - 11-10 Trends in U. S. family income mobility, 1969-2006
by Katharine L. Bradbury - 11-9 Trade adjustment and productivity in large crises
by Gita Gopinath & Brent Neiman - 11-8 On the distribution of college dropouts: household wealth and uninsurable idiosyncratic risk
by Ali K. Ozdagli & Nicholas Trachter - 11-7 Customer recognition and competition
by Oz Shy & Rune Stenbacka - 11-6 House price growth when kids are teenagers: a path to higher intergenerational achievement?
by Daniel H. Cooper & Maria Jose Luengo-Prado - 11-5 Self-employment in the global economy
by Federico J. Diez & Ali K. Ozdagli - 11-4 A response to Cogley and Sbordone's comment on “Closed-Form Estimates of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve with Time-Varying Trend Inflation”
by Fabia Gumbau-Brisa & Denny Lie & Giovanni P. Olivei - 11-3 Estimation of forward-looking relationships in closed form: an application to the New Keynesian Phillips curve
by Michelle L. Barnes & Fabia Gumbau-Brisa & Denny Lie & Giovanni P. Olivei - 11-2 Explaining gender-specific racial differences in obesity using biased self-reports of food intake
by Mary A. Burke & Frank Heiland - 11-1 Real output of bank services: what counts is what banks do, not what they own
by Robert Inklaar & J. Christina Wang
2010
- 10-17 The financial structure of startup firms: the role of assets, information, and entrepreneur characteristics
by Catherine L. Mann & Paroma Sanyal - 10-16 Affective decision making: a theory of optimism bias
by Anat Bracha & Donald J. Brown - 10-15 Internal sources of finance and the Great Recession
by Michelle L. Barnes & N. Aaron Pancost - 10-14 Characterizing the amount and speed of discounting procedures
by Dean T. Jamison & Julian Jamison - 10-13 The distress premium puzzle
by Ali K. Ozdagli - 10-12 Imputing household spending in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics: a comparison of approaches
by Daniel H. Cooper - 10-11 Some evidence on the importance of sticky wages
by Alessandro Barattieri & Susanto Basu & Peter Gottschalk - 10-10 Strategic choice of preferences: the persona model
by Michael Harre & Julian Jamison & David Newth & David H. Wolpert - 14-8 How important is variability in consumer credit limits?
by Scott L. Fulford - 10-9 In search of real rigidities
by Gita Gopinath & Oleg Itskhoki