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L'absentéisme au travail : une approche théorique qui intègre la survenance de la maladie comme un choc exogène

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  • ZANARDELLI Mireille

Abstract

Les études économiques qui s’intéressent aux déterminants de l’absentéisme et qui cherchent à prendre en compte l'effet de la santé se contentent d’introduire comme variable explicative l’état de santé général des individus sans jamais chercher à introduire l’effet, plus global, de la survenance de la maladie à un moment donné, qu’elle soit liée ou non, d'ailleurs, à l'état de santé général de l'individu. Le peu d’intérêt manifesté pour la prise en compte de la survenance de la maladie dans les modèles théoriques économiques s’explique par le fait que l’absentéisme au travail y est abordé selon une approche dichotomique. Il y a, d’un côté, l’absentéisme volontaire, considéré comme le résultat d’un choix individuel motivé par la volonté de travailler moins, et de l’autre, l’absentéisme involontaire qui regroupe les décisions d’absence subies par l’individu et liées notamment à la survenance d’une maladie et à l’incapacité à travailler qu’elle génère. Notre objectif consiste à dépasser cette opposition traditionnelle entre absentéisme volontaire et involontaire. En plaçant la survenance de la maladie au cœur du phénomène de l’absentéisme et en la considérant comme un choc exogène jouant le rôle de déclencheur du processus de décision pouvant conduire à une absence, nous proposons une approche théorique englobante qui cesse d’opposer l’absentéisme volontaire et l’absentéisme involontaire. Nous montrerons que l’enjeu de cette réconciliation ne consiste pas à réunir dans un même modèle deux types d’absentéisme différents (l’absentéisme volontaire et l’absentéisme involontaire), mais qu’il réside dans la nécessité de prendre en compte le fait que, souvent, la décision d’absence est le résultat de deux composantes agissant conjointement, l’une ayant un caractère volontaire et l’autre, involontaire. En d’autres termes, les qualificatifs volontaire et involontaire ne caractérisent pas deux types d’absentéisme différents mais sont deux dimensions d’un même phénomène, la première s’articulant à la seconde pour expliquer la décision d’absence.

Suggested Citation

  • ZANARDELLI Mireille, 2011. "L'absentéisme au travail : une approche théorique qui intègre la survenance de la maladie comme un choc exogène," LISER Working Paper Series 2011-27, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER).
  • Handle: RePEc:irs:cepswp:2011-27
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    absentéisme au travail; clivage volontaire/involontaire; maladie; choc exogène; théorie de l'absentéisme;
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    JEL classification:

    • J29 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Other

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