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The Impact of Research Joint Ventures on Firm Performance: An Empirical Assessment

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  • Ralph Siebert

Abstract

Research and Development Joint Ventures are based on cooperative agreements where firms share the costs and results of a particular research project. While theoretical analysis of research joint ventures on profits, R&D intensity, output and prices is more developed in the existing literature, few empirical investigations exist. This paper gives a first insight into the impact of research joint ventures on firms' profit margins. In addition, it investigates the degree to which different firm variables influence participation in research joint ventures (RJVs). For this purpose, 314 US research joint ventures registered from 1985 to 1992 are considered in the study. 2,923 unique cooperating firms and 13,186 noncooperating firms represent the basic sample. A descriptive comparison of cooperating and noncooperating firms finds that cooperating firms achieve a lower profit margin. In addition to this, larger firms are more likely to form RJV’s on average. Regression analyses show that two offsetting effects influence the profit margin and that the R&D investments of cooperating firms have a higher impact on profits. Beyond that, the firm size has a positive and significant influence on RJV participation. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Die Auswirkung von Forschungs-Joint Ventures auf den Unternehmenserfolg: Eine empirische Beurteilung) Forschungs-Joint Ventures beruhen auf Kooperationsvereinbarungen, bei denen mehrere Unternehmen übereinkommen, Kosten und Nutzen eines bestimmten Forschungsprojektszu teilen. Während zahlreiche theoretische Untersuchungen über Forschungs-Joint Ventures und deren Auswirkungen auf die Gewinne, die F&E-Intensität, den Output und die Preise vorliegen, mangelt es an einschlägigen empirischen Analysen. In dieser empirische Untersuchung, die sich auf nordamerikanische Daten stützt, wird analysiert, welche Faktoren Unternehmen veranlassen sich an Forschungs-Joint Ventures zu beteiligen und wie sich dies auf ihre Umsatzrentabilität auswirkt. Einbezogen werden 314 nordamerikanische Forschungs-Joint Ventures, die in der Zeit von 1985 bis 1992 ihre Kooperation angemeldet haben. 2923 unterschiedliche kooperierende Unternehmen und 13186 nichtkooperierende Unternehmen stellen die Grundgesamtheit der Auswahl dar. Ein deskriptiver Vergleich der beiden Unternehmensgruppen zeigt, daß kooperierende Unternehmen eine niedrigere Umsatzrentabilität erzielen. Im Durchschnitt nehmen eher große Unternehmen an einem Forschungs-Joint Venture teil. Regresssionsanalysen zeigen, daß zwei gegeneinander wirkende Effekte die Umsatzrentabilität beeinflussen. Die F&E-Investitionen der kooperierenden Unternehmen besitzen einen größeren Einfluß auf die Profite. Darüber hinaus übt die Unternehmensgröße einen positiven und signifikanten Einfluß auf die Teilnahme an Forschungs-Joint Ventures aus.

Suggested Citation

  • Ralph Siebert, 1996. "The Impact of Research Joint Ventures on Firm Performance: An Empirical Assessment," CIG Working Papers FS IV 96-03, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
  • Handle: RePEc:wzb:wzebiv:fsiv96-3
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    1. Ascension Barajas & Elena Huergo & Lourdes Moreno, 2012. "Measuring the economic impact of research joint ventures supported by the EU Framework Programme," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 37(6), pages 917-942, December.
    2. Otello Ardovino & Luca Pennacchio & Giuseppe Piroli, 2014. "Direct and indirect effects of R&D cooperation on the innovation of Italian firms," EERI Research Paper Series EERI RP 2014/03, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI), Brussels.
    3. Peter Huber & Daniela Kletzan, 2000. "Bestimmungsfaktoren der Integration von Unternehmen in internationale Netzwerke," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 19531, April.
    4. Parisa Pourkarimi & Gamal Atallah, 2020. "The Impact of Cooperative R&D and Advertising on Innovation and Welfare," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 18(1), pages 143-167, March.
    5. Luis Aguiar & Philippe Gagnepain, 2011. "European Cooperative R&D And Firm Performance," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-00622969, HAL.
    6. Nicholas Vonortas & Lorenzo Zirulia, 2015. "Strategic technology alliances and networks," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(5), pages 490-509, July.
    7. Aguiar, Luis & Gagnepain, Philippe, 2017. "European cooperative R&D and firm performance: Evidence based on funding differences in key actions," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1-31.
    8. Otello Ardovino & Luca Pennacchio & Giuseppe Piroli, 2013. "Cooperazione in ricerca e sviluppo e attivit? innovativa delle imprese: un?analisi empirica della realt? italiana," STUDI ECONOMICI, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2013(109), pages 68-98.
    9. Silipo, Damiano B., 2008. "Incentives and forms of cooperation in research and development," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 101-119, June.
    10. Benfratello, Luigi & Sembenelli, Alessandro, 2002. "Research joint ventures and firm level performance," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 493-507, May.
    11. Bayona-Sáez, Cristina & García-Marco, Teresa, 2010. "Assessing the effectiveness of the Eureka Program," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 1375-1386, December.
    12. Lars WANG & Hidekazu ITOH, 2010. "Economic Effects of Information Technology Oriented Joint Ventures in China: A CGE Analysis," EcoMod2004 330600156, EcoMod.
    13. Reka Horvath, 2001. "Cooperative research and firm performance," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 0108, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    14. Daniel Nepelski & Giuseppe Piroli, 2018. "Organizational diversity and innovation potential of EU-funded research projects," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 615-639, June.
    15. Birgit Aschhoff & Tobias Schmidt, 2008. "Empirical Evidence on the Success of R&D Cooperation—Happy Together?," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 33(1), pages 41-62, August.
    16. Kaiser, Ulrich & Kuhn, Johan M., 2012. "Long-run effects of public–private research joint ventures: The case of the Danish Innovation Consortia support scheme," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 913-927.
    17. Gagnepain, Philippe & Aguiar Wicht, Luis, 2013. "European Cooperative R&D and Firm Performance: Evidence Based on Funding Differences in Key Actions," CEPR Discussion Papers 9426, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

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