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What can be Expected from Mergers After Deregulation? The Case of the Long-Distance Bus Industry in France

Author

Listed:
  • Thierry Blayac

    (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, UM - Université de Montpellier)

  • Patrice Bougette

    (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur)

Abstract

This study estimates the competitive effects of horizontal mergers in the French long-distance bus industry. We examine the two mergers that followed the 2015 Deregulation Act (the Macron Law); we use an exclusive and exhaustive dataset that covers eight consecutive quarters. We analyze the merger effects by comparing bus links that were affected by mergers with those that were unaffected; we use difference-in-differences estimations. We find that the two mergers are associated with price increases of about 13.5% immediately that then moderate to 5.3%; and with the frequency decreases from − 21.5 to − 25.7%; we observe no effects on load factors. These findings show evidence of short-run anticompetitive effects, while the mergers under study were not scrutinized by the French competition agency, as they were below the notification thresholds.

Suggested Citation

  • Thierry Blayac & Patrice Bougette, 2022. "What can be Expected from Mergers After Deregulation? The Case of the Long-Distance Bus Industry in France," Post-Print hal-04015789, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04015789
    DOI: 10.1007/s11151-022-09878-7
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    Cited by:

    1. is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Blayac, Thierry & Bougette, Patrice & Laroche, Florent, 2024. "An analysis of intermodal competition and multiproduct Incumbent's strategies in the French market: What drive high-speed trains' prices and frequencies?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 25-42.
    3. Patrice Bougette & Frédéric Marty, 2024. "Transport and Competition Law," Working Papers halshs-04763179, HAL.
    4. Thierry Blayac & Patrice Bougette & Jules Duberga, 2025. "Share the Ride: The Determinants of Long-Distance Carpooling Pricing Strategies in France," GREDEG Working Papers 2025-47, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • L41 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
    • L43 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
    • L92 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
    • K23 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
    • R40 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - General

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