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Multihoming: an internationalization strategy in a world of artificial intelligence ecosystems

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Listed:
  • Shihao Zhou

    (Nanjing University)

  • Shaoqin Tang

    (University of Colorado Boulder)

  • Daitian Li

    (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)

  • Tony W. Tong

    (University of Colorado Boulder)

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly permeates international business (IB), it raises two critical questions for IB research: (1) How does AI reshape the external environment for firm internationalization? and (2) How do firms adapt their internationalization strategies within this AI-transformed landscape? To address the first question, we argue that the AI era is characterized by the coexistence of multiple AI ecosystems—each rooted in a country’s national AI sectoral system, yet globally interconnected through participants’ across-ecosystem activities. To address the second question, we propose multihoming—firms operating simultaneously across multiple AI ecosystems—as a strategy of internationalization in this new context. We identify three distinctive features of this multihoming perspective and discuss how it advances our understanding of firm internationalization while extending existing IB theories.

Suggested Citation

  • Shihao Zhou & Shaoqin Tang & Daitian Li & Tony W. Tong, 2025. "Multihoming: an internationalization strategy in a world of artificial intelligence ecosystems," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 56(9), pages 1188-1196, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jintbs:v:56:y:2025:i:9:d:10.1057_s41267-025-00813-y
    DOI: 10.1057/s41267-025-00813-y
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