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Explicit Evidence of an Implicit Contract

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew T. Young

    (College of Business and Economics Department of Economics, West Virginia University)

  • Daniel Levy

    (International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University; Department of Economics, Bar-Ilan University; Department of Economics, Emory University; Rimini Center for Economic Analysis, ITALY;)

Abstract

We thank three anonymous referees for thoughtful comments and suggestions which we found very constructive and helpful. We are particularly grateful to the editor, Al Klevorick, for his advice and painstaking guidance through the multiple revision process. We thank Robert Barsky, Susanto Basu, Benny Bental, Mark Bergen, Steve Cecchetti, Robert Chirinko, Alex Cukierman, Leif Danziger, Stanley Fischer, Ben Friedman, Zvi Hercowitz, Arye Hillman, Mark Hooker, Simon Gächter, Robert Gordon, Anil Kashyap, Robert King, Pete Klenow, Ed Knotek, Saul Lach, Jon Moen, Walter Oi, Will Roberds, Christina Romer, David Romer, Julio Rotemberg, Paul Rubin, Rob Saur, Matthew Shapiro, Avichai Snir, Robert Solow, Peter Temin, Ken West, Jon Willis, Janet Yellen, and Mor Zahavi for providing useful comments and suggestions on earlier versions of the paper. We thank also the seminar participants at Bar-Ilan University, Ben-Gurion University, European Central Bank, Emory University, University of Haifa, Hebrew University, ISET, University of Michigan, NBER, and Tel-Aviv University, as well as the participants of the 2008 Annual Conference of the European Association of Law and Economics at the University of Haifa for suggestions and advice. We also thank the Coca-Cola Company Archive employees and especially Phil Mooney, the Coca-Cola Company Historian and the Coca-Cola Company Archive Director, for helping us locate many of the materials used for this project and for patiently answering our questions, and Virginia Cain and Kathy Shoemaker, Emory University Archivists of the Special Collections, for helping us with the papers and correspondence material contained in the Robert W. Woodruff Collection at the Emory University Special Collection Library. Daniel Levy acknowledges financial support from the University Research Committee at Emory University and from Adar Foundation at the Department of Economics at Bar-Ilan University, and research assistance of Eleana Aguilar, Xia Liu, and the late Yihong Xia. Some parts of the manuscript were written at the Monetary Policy Research Division of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt, where Daniel Levy was a visiting scholar. He gratefully acknowledges the Bank’s hospitality and research support. All errors are ours.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew T. Young & Daniel Levy, 2013. "Explicit Evidence of an Implicit Contract," Working Papers 001-13, International School of Economics at TSU, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia.
  • Handle: RePEc:tbs:wpaper:13-001
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Daniel Levy & Andrew T. Young, 2021. "Promise, trust, and betrayal: Costs of breaching an implicit contract," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 87(3), pages 1031-1051, January.
    3. Daniel Levy, 2007. "Price rigidity and flexibility: recent theoretical developments," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(6), pages 523-530.
    4. Müller, Georg & Bergen, Mark & Dutta, Shantanu & Levy, Daniel, 2007. "Holiday Non-Price Rigidity and Cost of Adjustment," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 28(7 (Specia), pages 817-832.
    5. Levy, Daniel, 2007. "Price Rigidity and Flexibility: Recent Theoretical Developments - Introduction to the Special Issue," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 28(6 (Specia), pages 523-530.
    6. Söderberg, Johan, 2011. "Customer markets and the welfare effects of monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(3), pages 206-219.
    7. Snir, Avichai & Levy, Daniel & Levy, Dudi & Chen, Haipeng (Allan), 2025. "Price Gouging or Market Forces? Fairness Perceptions of Price Hikes during the Pandemic," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 0.
    8. Andrew T. Young & Alexander K. Blue, 2007. "Retail prices during a change in monetary regimes: evidence from Sears, Roebuck catalogs, 1938-1951," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(7), pages 763-775.
    9. Georg Müller & Mark Bergen & Shantanu Dutta & Daniel Levy, 2007. "Non-price rigidity and cost of adjustment," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(7), pages 817-832.
    10. Snir, Avichai & Chen, Haipeng (Allan) & Levy, Daniel, 2022. "Zero-Ending Prices, Cognitive Convenience, and Price Rigidity," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 203, pages 519-542.
    11. Snir, Avichai & Levy, Daniel, 2021. "If You Think 9-Ending Prices Are Low, Think Again," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 6(1 (Forthc).
    12. Daniel Levy & Avichai Snir, 2022. "Potterian economics," Oxford Open Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 1, pages 1-32.
    13. Maarten Dossche, 2009. "Understanding Inflation Dynamics.Where Do We Stand?," Review of Business and Economic Literature, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Review of Business and Economic Literature, vol. 0(2), pages 209-227.
    14. Alexander L. Wolman, 2007. "The frequency and costs of individual price adjustment," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(6), pages 531-552.
    15. Daniel Levy, 2007. "Price rigidity and flexibility: new empirical evidence," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(7), pages 639-647.
    16. Levy, Daniel, 2007. "Price Rigidity and Flexibility: New Empirical Evidence - Introduction to the Special Issue," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 28(7 (Specia), pages 639-647.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E12 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • L66 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
    • M30 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - General
    • N80 - Economic History - - Micro-Business History - - - General, International, or Comparative
    • A14 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Sociology of Economics

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