Liberté de choix des élèves et concurrence des établissements : un survey de l'analyse du pilotage des systèmes éducatifs par les quasi-marchés

The public educational systems confronted with internal and external, shocks entered the turbulent era of the reforms. The objective of the article is to draw up a survey about the mechanisms set up by the quasi markets in the field of education. The structure is presented in its major principles, its diver modalities in recalling the context that preside its emergence then its development. An evaluation is then established by taking supports on the arguments of a rich debate which declined to the theoretical and to the empirical field. The questions on the efficiency through a stimulated competition, and the segregation via the « sorting » constitute the strong periods, as well as the questions on the role of the private educational system and on the mobilization of the human resources.