IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/eurasi/v13y2023i4d10.1007_s40821-022-00219-y.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Does the appointment of the three musketeers reduce IPO underpricing? global evidence

Author

Listed:
  • Fouad Jamaani

    (Taif University)

  • Manal Alidarous

    (Taif University)

Abstract

This paper examines impact of hiring reputable auditors, underwriters, and lawyers, “namely, the three musketeers”, by issuing firms on the global IPO underpricing. We employ large and unique dataset of 24,312 IPOs in 22 countries between 1995 and 2019. We find that issuers benefit from hiring the three musketeers to certify issuers’ quality to reduce investors’ ex-ante uncertainty to guard their offerings from underpricing. Results show significant differences of the impact of the three musketeers on underpricing in countries with different market sophistication, auditing and reporting standards, and rule of law. Our results reveal that issuers may want to be careful when hiring quality auditors, underwriters, and lawyers when going public since not all those reputable intermediaries are equally important in alleviating underpricing. Our research has implications for IPO owners, investors, researchers, and regulators.

Suggested Citation

  • Fouad Jamaani & Manal Alidarous, 2023. "Does the appointment of the three musketeers reduce IPO underpricing? global evidence," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(4), pages 887-929, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eurasi:v:13:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s40821-022-00219-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s40821-022-00219-y
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40821-022-00219-y
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s40821-022-00219-y?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sheela Sundarasen & Kamilah Kamaludin & Izani Ibrahim & Usha Rajagopalan & Nevi Danila, 2021. "Auditors, Underwriters, and Firm Owners’ Interaction in an IPO Environment: The Case of OECD Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Moran, Pablo & Pandes, J. Ari, 2019. "Elite law firms in the IPO market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Poghosyan, Tigran, 2013. "Financial intermediation costs in low income countries: The role of regulatory, institutional, and macroeconomic factors," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 92-110.
    4. Neupane, Suman & Thapa, Chandra, 2013. "Underwriter reputation and the underwriter–investor relationship in IPO markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 105-126.
    5. Lily Hua Fang, 2005. "Investment Bank Reputation and the Price and Quality of Underwriting Services," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(6), pages 2729-2761, December.
    6. Michelle Lowry & Micah S. Officer & G. William Schwert, 2010. "The Variability of IPO Initial Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(2), pages 425-465, April.
    7. Kathleen Weiss Hanley, 2010. "The Information Content of IPO Prospectuses," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(7), pages 2821-2864, July.
    8. Carter, Richard B & Manaster, Steven, 1990. "Initial Public Offerings and Underwriter Reputation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(4), pages 1045-1067, September.
    9. C. Hopp & A. Dreher, 2013. "Do differences in institutional and legal environments explain cross-country variations in IPO underpricing?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(4), pages 435-454, February.
    10. Asli Demirgüč-Kunt & Luc Laeven & Ross Levine, 2004. "Regulations, market structure, institutions, and the cost of financial intermediation," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, pages 593-626.
    11. Ye Liu & Xindan Li & Haijian Zeng & Yunbi An, 2017. "Political connections, auditor choice and corporate accounting transparency: evidence from private sector firms in China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 57(4), pages 1071-1099, December.
    12. Aggarwal, Raj & Goodell, John W., 2009. "Markets and institutions in financial intermediation: National characteristics as determinants," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(10), pages 1770-1780, October.
    13. Anne Wyatt & Steven Cahan, 2014. "Is there useful information in the ‘use of proceeds’ disclosures in IPO prospectuses?," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 54(2), pages 625-667, June.
    14. Fernando, Chitru S. & Gatchev, Vladimir A. & May, Anthony D. & Megginson, William L., 2015. "Prestige without purpose? Reputation, differentiation, and pricing in U.S. equity underwriting," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 41-63.
    15. Liu, Xiaoding & Ritter, Jay R., 2011. "Local underwriter oligopolies and IPO underpricing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(3), pages 579-601.
    16. Kirkulak, Berna & Davis, Colin, 2005. "Underwriter reputation and underpricing: Evidence from the Japanese IPO market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 451-470, September.
    17. Kevin K. Boeh & Colette Southam, 2011. "Impact of initial public offering coalition on deal completion," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 313-336, September.
    18. Adam Zaremba & Adam Szyszka, 2016. "Is the Abnormal Post-IPO Underperformance Really Abnormal? The Evidence from CEE Emerging Markets," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(12), pages 2721-2739, December.
    19. Fernando, Chitru S. & Gatchev, Vladimir A. & May, Anthony D. & Megginson, William L., 2015. "Prestige without Purpose? Reputation, Differentiation, and Pricing in U.S. Equity Underwriting," Working Papers 15-09, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center.
    20. Beatty, Randolph P. & Ritter, Jay R., 1986. "Investment banking, reputation, and the underpricing of initial public offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 213-232.
    21. Habib, Michel A & Ljungqvist, Alexander P, 2001. "Underpricing and Entrepreneurial Wealth Losses in IPOs: Theory and Evidence," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(2), pages 433-458.
    22. Benveniste, Lawrence M. & Spindt, Paul A., 1989. "How investment bankers determine the offer price and allocation of new issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 343-361.
    23. Carl Shapiro, 1983. "Premiums for High Quality Products as Returns to Reputations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 98(4), pages 659-679.
    24. Niels Johannesen & Gabriel Zucman, 2014. "The End of Bank Secrecy? An Evaluation of the G20 Tax Haven Crackdown," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 6(1), pages 65-91, February.
    25. Chi, Hsin-Yi & Weng, Tzu-Ching, 2014. "Managerial legal liability and Big 4 auditor choice," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(9), pages 1857-1869.
    26. Autore, Don M. & Boulton, Thomas J. & Smart, Scott B. & Zutter, Chad J., 2014. "The impact of institutional quality on initial public offerings," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 65-96.
    27. Dewenter, Kathryn L & Malatesta, Paul H, 1997. "Public Offerings of State-Owned and Privately-Owned Enterprises: An International Comparison," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(4), pages 1659-1679, September.
    28. Charalambos T. Spathis, 2002. "Detecting false financial statements using published data: some evidence from Greece," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 17(4), pages 179-191, June.
    29. Cheong, Chee Seng & Zurbruegg, Ralf, 2016. "Analyst forecasts and stock price informativeness: Some international evidence on the role of audit quality," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 257-273.
    30. Jamaani, Fouad & Ahmed, Abdullahi D., 2021. "Modifier effects of country-level transparency on global underpricing difference: New hierarchical evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    31. Ken Y. Chen & Kuen‐Lin Lin & Jian Zhou, 2005. "Audit quality and earnings management for Taiwan IPO firms," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 20(1), pages 86-104, January.
    32. Lin, Hui Ling & Pukthuanthong, Kuntara & Walker, Thomas John, 2013. "An international look at the lawsuit avoidance hypothesis of IPO underpricing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 56-77.
    33. Booth, James R. & Smith, Richard II, 1986. "Capital raising, underwriting and the certification hypothesis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 261-281.
    34. Fouad Jamaani & Manal Alidarous, 2019. "Review of Theoretical Explanations of IPO Underpricing," Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, Scientific Publishing Institute, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18.
    35. Willenborg, M, 1999. "Empirical analysis of the economic demand for auditing in the initial public offerings market," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 225-238.
    36. Francis, Jere R., 2004. "What do we know about audit quality?," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 345-368.
    37. Datar, Srikant M. & Feltham, Gerald A. & Hughes, John S., 1991. "The role of audits and audit quality in valuing new issues," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 3-49, March.
    38. Xin Chang & André F. Gygax & Elaine Oon & Hong Feng Zhang, 2008. "Audit quality, auditor compensation and initial public offering underpricing," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 48(3), pages 391-416, September.
    39. Charles Shi & Kuntara Pukthuanthong & Thomas Walker, 2013. "Does Disclosure Regulation Work? Evidence from International IPO Markets," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(1), pages 356-387, March.
    40. Chun Chang & Yao-Min Chiang & Yiming Qian & Jay R. Ritter, 2017. "Pre-market Trading and IPO Pricing," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(3), pages 835-865.
    41. Xingqiang Du, 2019. "Does CEO-Auditor Dialect Sharing Impair Pre-IPO Audit Quality? Evidence from China," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 156(3), pages 699-735, May.
    42. Titman, Sheridan & Trueman, Brett, 1986. "Information quality and the valuation of new issues," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 159-172, June.
    43. C. N. V. Krishnan & Ronald W. Masulis, 2013. "Law Firm Expertise and Merger and Acquisition Outcomes," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 56(1), pages 189-226.
    44. Torstila, Sami, 2003. "The Clustering of IPO Gross Spreads: International Evidence," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(3), pages 673-694, September.
    45. Thomas J Boulton & Scott B Smart & Chad J Zutter, 2010. "IPO underpricing and international corporate governance," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(2), pages 206-222, February.
    46. Tim Loughran & Jay Ritter, 2004. "Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 33(3), Fall.
    47. Hughes, Patricia J., 1986. "Signalling by direct disclosure under asymmetric information," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 119-142, June.
    48. Hsien‐Li Lee & Hua Lee, 2013. "Do Big 4 audit firms improve the value relevance of earnings and equity?," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 28(7), pages 628-646, July.
    49. Matteo Bonaventura & Giancarlo Giudici, 2017. "IPO valuation and profitability expectations: evidence from the Italian exchange," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 7(2), pages 247-266, August.
    50. Xiaoding Liu & Jay R. Ritter, 2010. "The Economic Consequences of IPO Spinning," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(5), pages 2024-2059.
    51. Beatty, Randolph P & Welch, Ivo, 1996. "Issuer Expenses and Legal Liability in Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 39(2), pages 545-602, October.
    52. Butler, Alexander W. & Keefe, Michael O'Connor & Kieschnick, Robert, 2014. "Robust determinants of IPO underpricing and their implications for IPO research," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 367-383.
    53. Richard B. Carter & Frederick H. Dark & Ajai K. Singh, 1998. "Underwriter Reputation, Initial Returns, and the Long-Run Performance of IPO Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 53(1), pages 285-311, February.
    54. Joseph P. H. Fan & T. J. Wong, 2005. "Do External Auditors Perform a Corporate Governance Role in Emerging Markets? Evidence from East Asia," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(1), pages 35-72, March.
    55. DeAngelo, Linda Elizabeth, 1981. "Auditor size and audit quality," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(3), pages 183-199, December.
    56. Lowry, Michelle & Shu, Susan, 2002. "Litigation risk and IPO underpricing," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 309-335, September.
    57. Megginson, William L & Weiss, Kathleen A, 1991. "Venture Capitalist Certification in Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(3), pages 879-903, July.
    58. Manal Alidarous & Fouad Jamaani, 2021. "The Concurrent Effects of IFRS Mandate and Formal Institutional Quality on the Aftermarket Performance of IPO Firms in Emerging Countries," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(3), pages 320-344, May.
    59. Banerjee, Suman & Dai, Lili & Shrestha, Keshab, 2011. "Cross-country IPOs: What explains differences in underpricing?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 1289-1305.
    60. Reena Aggarwal, 2000. "Stabilization Activities by Underwriters after Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1075-1103, June.
    61. Thomas J Boulton & Scott B Smart & Chad J Zutter, 2017. "Conservatism and international IPO underpricing," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(6), pages 763-785, August.
    62. Jamaani, Fouad & Ahmed, Abdullahi D., 2022. "The psychological and economic roles of culture on global underpricing difference: A new hierarchical evidence," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jamaani, Fouad & Ahmed, Abdullahi D., 2021. "Modifier effects of country-level transparency on global underpricing difference: New hierarchical evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    2. Fouad Jamaani & Manal Alidarous, 2019. "Review of Theoretical Explanations of IPO Underpricing," Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, Scientific Publishing Institute, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18.
    3. Tiziana La Rocca, 2021. "Do prestigious underwriters shape IPO pricing? A meta-analytic review," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 573-609, April.
    4. Gullapalli, Rachita & Knyazeva, Anzhela, 2020. "Foreign issuers in emerging growth company IPOs," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    5. Goergen, Marc & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Koutroumpis, Panagiotis, 2021. "Do multiple credit ratings reduce money left on the table? Evidence from U.S. IPOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    6. Agathee, Ushad Subadar & Sannassee, Raja Vinesh & Brooks, Chris, 2012. "The underpricing of IPOs on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 281-303.
    7. Sheela Sundarasen & Kamilah Kamaludin & Izani Ibrahim & Usha Rajagopalan & Nevi Danila, 2021. "Auditors, Underwriters, and Firm Owners’ Interaction in an IPO Environment: The Case of OECD Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, June.
    8. Sheela Devi Sundarasen & Afzal Khan & Nakiran Rajangam, 2018. "Signalling Roles of Prestigious Auditors and Underwriters in an Emerging IPO Market," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 19(1), pages 69-84, February.
    9. Moran, Pablo & Pandes, J. Ari, 2019. "Elite law firms in the IPO market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Fernando, Chitru S. & Gatchev, Vladimir A. & May, Anthony D. & Megginson, William L., 2015. "Prestige without purpose? Reputation, differentiation, and pricing in U.S. equity underwriting," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 41-63.
    11. Hoque, Hafiz & Mu, Shaolong, 2021. "Does a reduction of state control affect IPO underpricing? Evidence from the Chinese A-share market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    12. Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Kallias, Antonios & Kallias, Konstantinos & Tzeremes, Panayiotis G., 2017. "Political money contributions of U.S. IPOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 19-38.
    13. Klein, Peter G. & Wuebker, Robert & Zoeller, Kathrin, 2016. "Relationship banking and conflicts of interest: Evidence from German initial public offerings," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 210-221.
    14. Reber, Beat & Vencappa, Dev, 2016. "Deliberate premarket underpricing and aftermarket mispricing: New insights on IPO pricing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 18-33.
    15. Chourou, Lamia & Saadi, Samir & Zhu, Hui, 2018. "How does national culture influence IPO underpricing?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 318-341.
    16. Nischay Arora & Balwinder Singh, 2019. "Impact of Auditor and Underwriter Reputation on Underpricing of SME IPOs in India," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 44(2), pages 193-208, May.
    17. Hu, Yi & Dai, Tiantian & Li, Yong & Mallick, Sushanta & Ning, Lutao & Zhu, Baohua, 2021. "Underwriter reputation and IPO underpricing: The role of institutional investors in the Chinese growth enterprise market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    18. Carbó-Valverde, Santiago & Cuadros-Solas, Pedro J. & Rodríguez-Fernández, Francisco, 2020. "Do bank bailouts have an impact on the underwriting business?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    19. Boulton, Thomas J., 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty and international IPO underpricing," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    20. Ranganathan, Kavitha & Saraogi, Aayush, 2021. "What explains voluntary premarket underpricing and aftermarket mispricing in Indian IPOs?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:eurasi:v:13:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s40821-022-00219-y. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.