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Do Differences in Institutional and Legal Environments Explain Cross-Country Variations in IPO Underpricing?

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  • Christian Hopp
  • Axel Dreher

Abstract

We empirically analyze the determinants of Initial Public Offering (IPO) underpricing using panel data for 29 countries over the period 1988-2005. Our hypotheses stress the importance of institutional and legal factors in explaining cross-country variations. We find that increased protection of shareholders and greater accounting transparency contribute negatively to variations in underpricing. When more information is available price discovery is facilitated, allowing for more effective corporate governance. Moreover, when equity markets perform well, investors anticipate companies and investment banks to time the market and require higher underpricing in return. Overall, we conclude that better investor protection and better institutional environments reduce the perceived risk of investing, and attenuate the problem of asymmetric information, thereby causing lower underpricing across countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Hopp & Axel Dreher, 2007. "Do Differences in Institutional and Legal Environments Explain Cross-Country Variations in IPO Underpricing?," KOF Working papers 07-172, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
    • Handle: RePEc:kof:wpskof:07-172
    DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-005430983
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    Cited by:

    1. Vishal Roy & Twinkle Jaiswal & Amit Gautam, 2024. "Assessing risk profiles of ESG portfolios in global financial markets," DECISION: Official Journal of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Springer;Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, vol. 51(2), pages 183-194, June.
    2. Denis Cormier & Daniel Coulombe & Luania Gomez Gutierrez & Bruce J. Mcconomy, 2018. "Firms in Transition: A Review of the Venture Capital, IPO, and M&A Literature," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(1), pages 9-88, March.
    3. Salerno, Dario & Sampagnaro, Gabriele & Verdoliva, Vincenzo, 2022. "Fintech and IPO underpricing: An explorative study," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    4. Alles, Lakshman & Murray, Louis, 2023. "Under-pricing of South and East Asian IPOs: An investigation of the relevance of governance quality in closely controlled companies," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    5. Jamaani, Fouad & Ahmed, Abdullahi D., 2021. "Modifier effects of country-level transparency on global underpricing difference: New hierarchical evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    6. Wang, Feng & Chai, Wei & Yan, Bin & Shan, Jing & Fan, Wenna, 2022. "Effect of geographical distance between underwriters and listed companies on IPO underpricing: Evidence from China's A-share market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 340-352.
    7. Yibiao Chen & Steven S. Wang & Wilson H. S. Tong & Hui Zhu, 2017. "Economic freedom and IPO underpricing," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Christian Nielsen & Gunnar Rimmel & Tadanori Yosano, 2015. "Outperforming markets: IC and the long-term performance of Japanese IPOs," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 83-96, June.
    9. Wang, Xin & Song, Di, 2021. "Does local corruption affect IPO underpricing? Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 127-138.
    10. Marcato, Gianluca & Milcheva, Stanimira & Zheng, Chen, 2018. "Market integration, country institutions and IPO underpricing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 87-105.
    11. Asil Azimli, 2023. "The impact of IFRS mandate and institutional governance on underpricing and aftermarket performance of IPO shares in Turkey," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-35, December.
    12. Fouad Jamaani & Manal Alidarous, 2023. "Does the appointment of the three musketeers reduce IPO underpricing? global evidence," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(4), pages 887-929, December.
    13. Liu, Jianlei & Uchida, Konari & Gao, Ruidong, 2014. "Legal protection and underpricing of IPOs: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 163-187.
    14. Amedeo Pugliese, 2014. "Alessandro Zattoni and William Judge (eds): IPOs around the world: a review of Corporate Governance and Initial Public Offerings—An International Perspective," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 18(4), pages 1161-1168, November.
    15. Jochen Bigus & Florian Dreyer, 2023. "Country‐level Accounting Enforcement and IPO Underpricing," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 59(3), pages 735-775, September.
    16. Fouad Jamaani & Manal Alidarous, 2019. "Review of Theoretical Explanations of IPO Underpricing," Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, Scientific Publishing Institute, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18.
    17. Tiziana La Rocca, 2021. "Do prestigious underwriters shape IPO pricing? A meta-analytic review," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 573-609, April.
    18. Chen, Yibiao & Wang, Steven Shuye & Li, Wei & Sun, Qian & Tong, Wilson H.S., 2015. "Institutional environment, firm ownership, and IPO first-day returns: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 150-168.
    19. Susana Álvarez-Otero, 2022. "A European Empirical Study of Institutional Differences in IPOs Anomalies," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-24, December.
    20. Falguni H. Pandya, 2016. "After Market Pricing Performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)," Jindal Journal of Business Research, , vol. 5(1), pages 1-16, June.
    21. Mingsheng Li & Desheng Liu & Jing Zhang & Luxiu Zhang, 2021. "Volatile market condition, institutional constraints, and IPO anomaly: evidence from the Chinese market," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(1), pages 1239-1275, March.
    22. Alanazi, Ahmed S. & Al-Zoubi, Haitham A., 2015. "Extreme IPO underpricing and the legal environment in wealthy emerging economies," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 83-103.
    23. Li, Xiaorong & Wang, Steven Shuye & Wang, Xue, 2019. "Trust and IPO underpricing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 224-248.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • H2 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets

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