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Ragui A. Assaad

Citations

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Blog mentions

As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
  1. Assaad, Ragui, 2013. "Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism," IZA Discussion Papers 7573, IZA Network @ LISER.

    Mentioned in:

    1. Are weak governments going to make Arab labor markets better?
      by Economic Logician in Economic Logic on 2013-10-07 18:49:00

Wikipedia or ReplicationWiki mentions

(Only mentions on Wikipedia that link back to a page on a RePEc service)
  1. Tunali, Insan & Assaad, Ragui, 1992. "Market Structure and Spells of Employment and Unemployment: Evidence from the Construction Sector in Egypt," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 7(4), pages 339-367, Oct.-Dec..

    Mentioned in:

    1. Market structure and spells of employment and unemployment: Evidence from the construction sector in Egypt (Journal of Applied Econometrics 1992) in ReplicationWiki ()

Working papers

  1. Assaad, Ragui & Ginn, Thomas & Saleh, Mohamed, 2019. "Impact of Syrian Refugees on Education Outcomes in Jordan," CEPR Discussion Papers 14056, Centre for Economic Policy Research.

    Cited by:

    1. Cortina Toro,Magdalena & Jimenez,Juan Miguel & Rozo Villarraga,Sandra Viviana, 2024. "Little Nomads : Economic and Social Impacts of Migration on Children," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10686, The World Bank.
    2. Çakır, Selcen & Erbay, Elif & Kirdar, Murat Güray, 2021. "Syrian Refugees and Human Capital Accumulation of Native Children in Turkey," IZA Discussion Papers 14972, IZA Network @ LISER.
    3. Semih Tumen, 2018. "The impact of low-skill refugees on youth education," HiCN Working Papers 283, Households in Conflict Network.
    4. Marques, Renan & Maciel, Mateus & Zuchowski, David, 2025. "Under pressure? Forced migration and public health," MPRA Paper 128976, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Stillman, Sarah & Rozo, Sandra V & Tamim, Abdulrazzak & Palmer, I Bailey & Smith, Emma & Miguel, Edward, 2022. "The Syrian refugee life study: first glance," Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt6hr6f3wx, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
    6. Caroline Krafft & Susan Razzaz & Caitlyn Keo & Ragui Assaad, 2019. "The Number and Characteristics of Syrians in Jordan: A Multi-Source Analysis," Working Papers 1288, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    7. Aksoy, Cevat Giray & Tumen, Semih, 2020. "Local Governance Quality and the Environmental Cost of Forced Migration," IZA Discussion Papers 13145, IZA Network @ LISER.
    8. Abdulmohsen Almuhaisen, 2024. "Refugee influx and school enrollment among native youths in Jordan," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(1), pages 1-28, March.
    9. Tumen, Semih, 2021. "The Effect of Refugees on Native Adolescents' Test Scores: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Pisa," IZA Discussion Papers 14039, IZA Network @ LISER.
    10. Henrique, 2024. "The Power of Dialogue: Forced Displacement and Social Integration amid an Islamist Insurgency in Mozambique," HiCN Working Papers 405, Households in Conflict Network.
    11. Barros, Henrique Pita, 2025. "The power of dialogue: Forced displacement and social integration amid an Islamist insurgency in Mozambique," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    12. Tumen, Semih & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Wahba, Jackline, 2025. "The Power of Language: Educational and Mental Health Impacts of Language Training for Refugee Children," IZA Discussion Papers 17593, IZA Network @ LISER.
    13. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    14. Khelifa, Siwar, 2026. "Mass migration and natives’ health at birth: Evidence from Syrian refugee inflows to Turkey," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 1-39.
    15. Mustafa Özer & Jan Fidrmuc, 2024. "Does Immigration Affect the Natives’ Mental Health? Causal Evidence from Forced Syrian Migration to Turkey," CESifo Working Paper Series 11399, CESifo.
    16. Siwar Khelifa & Bruno Lanz & Marco Pecoraro, 2025. "Refugee Peers in Language-Support and Ability-Tracked Classes: Evidence from Switzerland," IRENE Working Papers 25-05, IRENE Institute of Economic Research.
    17. Drouvelis, Michalis & Malaeb, Bilal & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Wahba, Jackline, 2021. "Cooperation in a fragmented society: Experimental evidence on Syrian refugees and natives in Lebanon," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 176-191.
    18. Maia Sieverding & Caroline Krafft & Nasma Berri & Caitlyn Keo & Mariam Sharpless, 2018. "Education Interrupted: Enrollment, Attainment, and Dropout of Syrian Refugees in Jordan," Working Papers 1261, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 Dec 2018.
    19. Verme, Paolo & Schuettler, Kirsten, 2020. "The Impact of Forced Displacement on Host Communities. A Review of the Empirical Literature in Economics," GLO Discussion Paper Series 583, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    20. Alhawarin, Ibrahim & Assaad, Ragui & Elsayed, Ahmed, 2021. "Migration shocks and housing: Short-run impact of the Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    21. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    22. Tumen, Semih & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Wahba, Jackline, 2021. "Training Teachers for Diversity Awareness: Impact on School Attendance of Refugee Children," IZA Discussion Papers 14557, IZA Network @ LISER.
    23. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Sara Ragab, 2026. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2025," Working Papers 1822, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    24. Gökçe, Merve Betül & Kırdar, Murat Güray, 2025. "The effects of civil war and forced migration on intimate partner violence among Syrian refugee women in Jordan," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    25. Blanco,Christian & Meneses,Francisco Jalles & Villamizar-Chaparro,Mateo, 2022. "Why Student Aid Matters ? Roadblocks to the Transition into Higher Education forForced Migrants in Chile," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10104, The World Bank.
    26. Oikawa, Masato & Otake, Takamasa & Awatani, Toshihide & Noguchi, Haruko & Kawamura, Akira, 2025. "Impacts of health checkup programs standardization on working-age self-employed and unemployed: Insights from Japan’s local government response to national policy," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    27. Wahba Jackline & Nelly Elmallakh, 2021. "Syrian Refugees and the Migration Dynamics of Jordanians: Moving in or Moving out?," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 2120, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
    28. Mauri, Nicola & Peter, Linus, 2025. "The influence of intergovernmental transfers on local taxes: Evidence from Switzerland," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    29. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.
    30. Alhawarin, Ibrahim & Assaad, Ragui & Elsayed, Ahmed, 2020. "Migration Shocks and Housing: Short-Run Impact of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan," IZA Discussion Papers 13969, IZA Network @ LISER.

  2. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2019. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 1287, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. Ferhat,Samia & Joubert,Clement Jean Edouard, 2023. "The Early Career Dynamics of Informality and Underemployment : Evidence from the Arab Republic of Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10499, The World Bank.
    3. Dina Bishara, 2023. "Introduction to a Special Issue on Labor in the Middle East and North Africa: Precarity, Inequality, and Migration," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 627-645, August.
    4. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    5. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Nouf Abushehab, 2026. "The Evolution of Labor Supply in Jordan Through 2025," Working Papers 1823, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    6. Krafft, Caroline & Davis, Elizabeth E., 2019. "The Arab Inequality Puzzle: The Role of Income Sources in Egypt and Tunisia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 405, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    7. El-Haddad, Amirah & Krafft, Caroline & Selwaness, Irene & Assaad, Ragui, 2026. "Formal and Informal Labor Demand in Egyptian Manufacturing Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 18500, IZA Network @ LISER.
    8. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    9. Krafft, Caroline, 2026. "Why are women's employment rates declining in Egypt?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1719, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    10. Krafft,Caroline Gould & Assaad,Ragui A. & Rahman,Khandker Wahedur & Cumanzala,Maakwe, 2020. "How Do Small Formal and Informal Firms in the Arab Republic of Egypt Compare ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9423, The World Bank.
    11. Bachmann, Ronald & Kluve, Jochen & Martinez Flores, Fernanda & Stöterau, Jonathan, 2019. "Employment impacts of German development cooperation interventions: A collaborative study in three pilot countries," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 215904.
    12. Marques Hill, Agustina & Solga, Heike, 2025. "School-to-work transition in Chile and Uruguay from the education-occupation linkage perspective," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 63, pages 1-15.
    13. Adely, Fida Issa J. & Mitra, Ankushi & Mohamed, Menatalla & Shaham, Adam, 2021. "Poor education, unemployment and the promise of skills: The hegemony of the “skills mismatch” discourse," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    14. Nicolò Bird, 2020. "Most affected subgroups in young people's transitions to work in the MENA region," Policy Research Brief 69, International Policy Centre.
    15. Maye Ehab & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Working Conditions in the Paid Care Economy in Egypt: Improvement or Deterioration?," Working Papers 1657, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Nov 2023.
    16. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2024. "Connecting People to Projects : A New Approach to Measuring Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10659, The World Bank.

  3. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Caitlyn Keo, 2019. "The Evolution Of Labor Supply In Egypt From 1988-2018: A Gendered Analysis," Working Papers 1358, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Oct 2019.

    Cited by:

    1. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    2. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    3. Stefano Caria & Bruno Crepon & Hala ElBehairy & Noha Fadlalmawla & Caroline Krafft & Abdelrahman Nagy & Lili Mottaghi & Nahla Zeitoun & Souraya El Assiouty, 2022. "Child Care Subsidies, Employment Services and Women's Labor Market Outcomes in Egypt," World Bank Publications - Reports 37825, The World Bank Group.
    4. Caroline Krafft, 2020. "Why is fertility on the rise in Egypt? The role of women’s employment opportunities," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 33(4), pages 1173-1218, October.
    5. Deng,Jingyuan & Elmallakh,Nelly Youssef Louis William & Flabbi,Luca & Gatti,Roberta V., 2022. "Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10126, The World Bank.

  4. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Khandker Wahedur Rahman, 2019. "Introducing The Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," Working Papers 1360, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Oct 2019.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. Philippe Adair & Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2024. "Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 53(2), July.
    3. Assaad, Ragui & Ginn, Thomas & Saleh, Mohamed, 2023. "Refugees and the education of host populations: Evidence from the Syrian inflow to Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    4. Helmy, Imane, 2020. "Livelihood Diversification Strategies: Resisting Vulnerability in Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 441, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    5. Krafft,Caroline Gould & Ragui,Assaad & Pastoor,Isabel, 2021. "How Do Gender Norms Shape Education and Domestic Work Outcomes ? The Case of Syrian RefugeeAdolescents in Jordan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9820, The World Bank.
    6. Doruka, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2022. "Getting stuck in the status quo ante: Evidence from the Egyptian Economy," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1018, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    7. Suzan Abdel-Rahman & Mohamed R. Abonazel & Fuad A. Awwad & B. M. Golam Kibria, 2023. "The Impact of COVID-19-Induced Responsibilities on Women’s Employment in Arab Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Khandker Wahedur Rahman & Maakwe Cumanzala, 2024. "How do small formal and informal firms in Egypt compare? An analysis of firm characteristics and implications for formalization efforts," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 1292-1315, August.
    9. Nelly Elmallakh & Jackline Wahba, 2022. "Return migrants and the wage premium: does the legal status of migrants matter?," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 35(4), pages 1631-1685, October.
    10. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(4), pages 81-106.
    11. Krafft, Caroline, 2025. "Do employers discriminate against married women? Evidence from a field experiment in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    12. Sattar, Aimen & Brown, Calum & Rounsevell, Mark & Alexander, Peter, 2024. "Typology analysis of Egyptian agricultural households reveals increasing income diversification and abandonment of agricultural activities," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    13. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2024. "Public-private Job Satisfaction Differential: The Case of Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1125-1146, December.
    14. Zhang, Hongliang & Assaad, Ragui, 2024. "Women’s access to school, educational attainment, and fertility: Evidence from Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    15. Krafft,Caroline Gould & Assaad,Ragui A. & Rahman,Khandker Wahedur & Cumanzala,Maakwe, 2020. "How Do Small Formal and Informal Firms in the Arab Republic of Egypt Compare ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9423, The World Bank.
    16. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Sara Ragab, 2026. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2025," Working Papers 1822, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    17. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruotong Li, 2025. "How do childhood environments contribute to intergenerational economic mobility?: Evidence from 25 years of panel data in Egypt," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2025-95, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    18. Deng,Jingyuan & Elmallakh,Nelly Youssef Louis William & Flabbi,Luca & Gatti,Roberta V., 2022. "Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10126, The World Bank.
    19. Caroline KRAFFT, 2024. "Understanding the dynamics of household enterprises in Egypt: Birth, death, growth and transformation," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 163(4), pages 599-630, December.
    20. Zafer Buyukkececi & Anette Eva Fasang & Vered Kraus, 2023. "Rising Patriarchy and Declining Economic Opportunity: Life Courses and Social Change in Egypt between 1965 and 2018," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 49(3), pages 561-598, September.
    21. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.
    22. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2024. "Connecting People to Projects : A New Approach to Measuring Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10659, The World Bank.

  5. Caroline Krafft & Susan Razzaz & Caitlyn Keo & Ragui Assaad, 2019. "The Number and Characteristics of Syrians in Jordan: A Multi-Source Analysis," Working Papers 1288, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.

    Cited by:

    1. Assaad, Ragui & Ginn, Thomas & Saleh, Mohamed, 2023. "Refugees and the education of host populations: Evidence from the Syrian inflow to Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    2. Loewe, Markus & Zintl, Tina & Fritzenkötter, Jörn & Gantner, Verena & Kaltenbach, Regina & Pohl, Lena, 2020. "Community effects of cash-for-work programmes in Jordan: Supporting social cohesion, more equitable gender roles and local economic development in contexts of flight and migration," IDOS Studies, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), volume 103, number 103.
    3. Alhawarin, Ibrahim & Assaad, Ragui & Elsayed, Ahmed, 2021. "Migration shocks and housing: Short-run impact of the Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    4. Majd Al-Homoud, 2024. "Enhancing Supportive and Adaptive Environments for Aging Populations in Jordan: Examining Location Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-26, December.
    5. Tina Zintl & Markus Loewe, 2022. "More than the Sum of Its Parts: Donor-Sponsored Cash-for-Work Programmes and Social Cohesion in Jordanian Communities Hosting Syrian Refugees," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(3), pages 1285-1307, June.
    6. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.

  6. Ragui Assaad & Abdelaziz AlSharawy & Colette Salemi, 2019. "Is The Egyptian Economy Creating Good Jobs? Job Creation And Economic Vulnerability From 1998 To 2018," Working Papers 1354, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Oct 2019.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    2. Adrien Frontenaud, 2023. "The Quality of Employment in MENA Countries: The Place and Dynamics of the Middle Class," Post-Print halshs-04203129, HAL.
    3. Doruka, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2022. "Getting stuck in the status quo ante: Evidence from the Egyptian Economy," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1018, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    4. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    5. Stefano Caria & Bruno Crepon & Hala ElBehairy & Noha Fadlalmawla & Caroline Krafft & Abdelrahman Nagy & Lili Mottaghi & Nahla Zeitoun & Souraya El Assiouty, 2022. "Child Care Subsidies, Employment Services and Women's Labor Market Outcomes in Egypt," World Bank Publications - Reports 37825, The World Bank Group.

  7. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Caitlyn Keo, 2018. "The Composition of Labor Supply and its Evolution from 2010 to 2016 in Jordan," Working Papers 1183, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Apr 2018.

    Cited by:

    1. Mona Amer, 2018. "School-to-Work Transition in Jordan, 2010-2016," Working Papers 1196, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 May 2018.
    2. Caroline Krafft & Susan Razzaz & Caitlyn Keo & Ragui Assaad, 2019. "The Number and Characteristics of Syrians in Jordan: A Multi-Source Analysis," Working Papers 1288, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    3. Loewe, Markus & Zintl, Tina & Fritzenkötter, Jörn & Gantner, Verena & Kaltenbach, Regina & Pohl, Lena, 2020. "Community effects of cash-for-work programmes in Jordan: Supporting social cohesion, more equitable gender roles and local economic development in contexts of flight and migration," IDOS Studies, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), volume 103, number 103.
    4. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding & Caitlyn Keo & Colette Salemi, 2018. "Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Demographics, Livelihoods, Education, and Health," Working Papers 1184, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Apr 2018.
    5. Belal Fallah & Caroline Krafft & Jackline Wahba, 2018. "The Impact of Refugees on Employment and Wages in Jordan," Working Papers 1189, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    6. Assaad, Ragui & Ginn, Thomas & Saleh, Mohamed, 2019. "Impact of Syrian Refugees on Education Outcomes in Jordan," CEPR Discussion Papers 14056, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    7. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding, 2018. "Jordan’s fertility stall and resumed decline: an investigation of demographic factors," Working Papers 1193, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 May 2018.
    8. Caroline Kraff & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," Working Papers 1186, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    9. Ragui Assaad & Colette Salemi, 2018. "The Structure of Employment and Job Creation in Jordan: 2010-2016," Working Papers 1259, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    10. Tzannatos, Zafiris & Saif, Ibrahim, 2023. "Assessing the Sustainability of Jordan’s Public Debt," FDL Policy Notes 2308, CEPREMAP.
    11. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2019. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 1287, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.

  8. Assaad, Ragui & Hendy, Rana & Lassassi, Moundir & Yassin, Shaimaa, 2018. "Explaining the MENA Paradox: Rising Educational Attainment, Yet Stagnant Female Labor Force Participation," IZA Discussion Papers 11385, IZA Network @ LISER.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Ghada Barsoum, 2019. "Public employment in the Middle East and North Africa," World of Labour, LISER, pages 463-463, August.
    3. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    4. Yijun YU & Hisaki KONO, 2024. "Fertility Policy and Gender Discrimination in the Workplace:Evidence from the Two-Child Policy Reform in China," Discussion papers e-24-001, Graduate School of Economics , Kyoto University.
    5. Yusuke Kawamura, 2022. "Public Sector Employment as a Social Welfare Policy: The “Social Contract†and Failed Job Creation for Youth in Egypt," Contemporary Review of the Middle East, , vol. 9(1), pages 31-50, March.
    6. Philippe Adair & Vladimir Hlasny, 2022. "Labour Market Segmentation And Formalising Informality In Mena Countries," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 13215719, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    7. Moundir Lassassi & Aysit Tansel, 2022. "Female labor force participation in Egypt and Palestine: An age–period–cohort analysis," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 1997-2020, November.
    8. Carmen Friedrich & Henriette Engelhardt & Florian Schulz, 2021. "Women’s Agency in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia: The Role of Parenthood and Education," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(5), pages 1025-1059, October.
    9. Guoqing Shi & Yuanke Zhao & Xiaoya Mei & Dengcai Yan & Hubiao Zhang & Yuangang Xu & Yingping Dong, 2022. "Livelihood Resilience Perception: Gender Equalisation of Resettlers from Rural Reservoirs—Empirical Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, September.
    10. Mohieldin, Mahmoud & Ramadan, Racha, 2024. "Could Digital Inclusion Close the Gender Economic Gap in the MENA Region ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10663, The World Bank.
    11. Yeganeh Forouheshfar & Najat El Mekkaoui & Hippolyte d’Albis, 2020. "Demographics in MENA Countries: A Major Driver for Economic Growth," De Economist, Springer, vol. 168(2), pages 183-213, June.
    12. Moataz, Aya & Richter, Christian, "undated". "The Impact of Female Tertiary Education and Climate Change on Economic Growth in Developing Countries," Land, Farm & Agribusiness Management Department 337137, Harper Adams University, Land, Farm & Agribusiness Management Department.
    13. Tanaya Saha & Prakash Singh, 2025. "Political and Institutional Dynamics of Global Female Labor Force Participation: Discovering the Role of Women Political Participation," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(3), pages 3791-3817, June.
    14. Lassassi, Moundir & Tansel, Aysit, 2020. "Female Labor Force Participation in Five Selected Mena Countries: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia)," MPRA Paper 103774, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Malak Ghezzawi & Sasha Fahme & Reem Al Sabbagh & Salpy Naalbandian & Jocelyn DeJong & WOMENA Study Group, 2025. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women in the workplace in the Middle East and North Africa: A scoping review protocol," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(2), pages 1-9, February.
    16. Jamal El-Ouahi & Vincent Larivière, 2023. "On the lack of women researchers in the Middle East and North Africa," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(8), pages 4321-4348, August.
    17. Alaref,Jumana Jamal Subhi & Nikaein Towfighian,Samira & Paez Salamanca,Gustavo Nicolas & Audah,Mohammed Thabet M, 2020. "The Impact of Employer Discrimination on Female Labor Market Outcomes : Experimental Evidence from Tunisia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9361, The World Bank.
    18. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Nouf Abushehab, 2026. "The Evolution of Labor Supply in Jordan Through 2025," Working Papers 1823, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    19. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    20. Tansel, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2020. "Public-private sector wage gap by gender in Egypt: Evidence from quantile regression on panel data, 1998–2018," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    21. Monsoï Kenneth Colombiano Kponou, 2026. "Labor Market Segmentation and Wages in West Africa," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 78(1), pages 27-39, January.
    22. Moundir Lassassi & Aysit Tansel, 2020. "Female labor force participation in five selected MENA countries: An age-period-cohort analysis," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 2018, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
    23. Gomez Tamayo, Sofia & Alrayess, Dana & Moraes, Gael & Koettl-Brodmann, Johannes, 2026. "Female Labor Force Participation in the Middle East and North Africa Region : Regional Trends and the Experience of Saudi Arabia," The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper Series 208985, The World Bank.
    24. Krafft, Caroline, 2025. "Do employers discriminate against married women? Evidence from a field experiment in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    25. Stefano Caria & Bruno Crepon & Hala ElBehairy & Noha Fadlalmawla & Caroline Krafft & Abdelrahman Nagy & Lili Mottaghi & Nahla Zeitoun & Souraya El Assiouty, 2022. "Child Care Subsidies, Employment Services and Women's Labor Market Outcomes in Egypt," World Bank Publications - Reports 37825, The World Bank Group.
    26. Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2022. "A Tale of Parallel Processes of Gender (In-)Equality: How Big is the Glass Ceilings for Mena Women?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1062, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    27. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2024. "Public-private Job Satisfaction Differential: The Case of Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1125-1146, December.
    28. Hassan Farhat & Cyrine Abid & Kawther El Aifa & Padarath Gangaram & Andre Jones & Mohamed Chaker Khenissi & Moncef Khadhraoui & Imed Gargouri & Loua Al-Shaikh & James Laughton & Guillaume Alinier, 2023. "Epidemiological Determinants of Patient Non-Conveyance to the Hospital in an Emergency Medical Service Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(14), pages 1-20, July.
    29. Zhang, Hongliang & Assaad, Ragui, 2024. "Women’s access to school, educational attainment, and fertility: Evidence from Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    30. Semiray Kasoolu & Ricardo Hausmann & Tim O'Brien & Miguel Angel Santos, 2019. "Female Labor in Jordan: A Systematic Approach to the Exclusion Puzzle," CID Working Papers 365, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    31. Emanuela Ghignoni & Francesco Pastore, 2022. "The gender wage gap in Egypt: public versus private sector," Working Papers in Public Economics 228, Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome.
    32. Koettl, Johannes & Gomez Tamayo, Sofia & Alrayess, Dana & Fostier de Moraes, Gael, 2026. "Female Labor Force Participation in the Middle East and North Africa: Regional Trends and Lessons from Saudi Arabia," IZA Discussion Papers 18632, IZA Network @ LISER.
    33. Bilal Nabeel Falah & Marcelo Bérgolo & Arwa Abu Hashhash & Mohammad Hattawy & Iman Saadeh, 2019. "The Effect of Labor-Demand Shocks on Women’s Participation in the Labor Force: Evidence from Palestine," Working Papers PMMA 2019-08, PEP-PMMA.
    34. Krafft,Caroline Gould & Assaad,Ragui A. & Rahman,Khandker Wahedur & Cumanzala,Maakwe, 2020. "How Do Small Formal and Informal Firms in the Arab Republic of Egypt Compare ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9423, The World Bank.
    35. Maia Sieverding & Caroline Krafft & Irene Selwaness & Alexandra Abi Nassif, 2023. "Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective wellbeing in the Middle East and North Africa: A gender analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(5), pages 1-16, May.
    36. Abdullah Bataineh, 2019. "Urbanization and Women’s Access to Tertiary Education: Case of 11 Middle East Countries," Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS), , vol. 8(4), pages 669-682, October.
    37. Moataz, Aya & Richter, Christian, "undated". "The Impact of Female Tertiary Education and Climate Change on Economic Growth in Developing Countries," Agri-Tech Economics Papers 337137, Harper Adams University, Land, Farm & Agribusiness Management Department.
    38. Caroline Krafft & Moundir Lassassi, 2024. "Public Pre-Primary and Maternal Employment in Algeria: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 38(1), pages 74-94.
    39. Moundir LASSASSI, 2020. "Job seekers’ search intensity in Algeria: Does gender matter?," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 52, pages 59-81.
    40. Li, Steven Zhongwu & Lu, Fengzhi, 2026. "Gender-gap reversal in education and the female labor supply: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    41. El Mekkaoui, Najat & Loukili, Sara & Fourouheshfar, Yeganeh & Eissa, Nada, 2024. "For Labor or for Divorce ? Unilateral Divorce Laws and Women’s Labor Outcomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10661, The World Bank.
    42. Ayhab Saad, 2018. "The exceptional performance of exporters: Evidence from Egyptian ?rms," Working Papers 1208, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2018.
    43. Asrifa Hossain & Shankar Ghimire & Anna Valeva & Jessica Harriger-Lin, 2022. "Does Globalization Encourage Female Employment? A Cross-Country Panel Study," World, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-13, March.
    44. Deng,Jingyuan & Elmallakh,Nelly Youssef Louis William & Flabbi,Luca & Gatti,Roberta V., 2022. "Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10126, The World Bank.
    45. Pecorari, Natalia & Cuesta Leiva, Jose Antonio, 2026. "Female Labor Force Participation and Gender Norms : A Machine Learning Analysis of the Arab Republic of Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11372, The World Bank.
    46. Jesica Torres Coronado & Parro,Francisco, 2024. "Optimal Public Sector Premium, Talent Misallocation, and Aggregate Productivity : Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10963, The World Bank.
    47. Amira El-Shal, 2026. "Gender and firm-level corruption: new evidence from MENA," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 66(4), pages 1785-1821, April.
    48. Nicolò Bird, 2020. "Most affected subgroups in young people's transitions to work in the MENA region," Policy Research Brief 69, International Policy Centre.
    49. Majbouri, Mahdi, 2025. "Preferences and the Puzzle of Female Labor Force Participation," IZA Discussion Papers 17952, IZA Network @ LISER.
    50. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.
    51. Mostafa Sayed Mostafa Abd – El Hameed El Misery, 2021. "The Impact of Female Empowerment on the Fourth Birth," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 5(11), pages 529-533, November.
    52. Indrani Gupta & Arjun Roy, 2023. "What really empowers women? Taking another look at economic empowerment," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 25(1), pages 17-31, June.

  9. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Do More Productive Firms Pay Workers More? Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 1222, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.

    Cited by:

    1. Abeer Elshennawy & Mohammed Bouaddi, 2021. "Sources of firm-level heterogeneity in labour productivity in Egypt’s manufacturing sector," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(5), pages 2589-2612, May.

  10. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Shaimaa Yassin, 2018. "Job Creation or Labor Absorption? An Analysis of Private Sector Job Growth in Egypt," Working Papers 1237, Economic Research Forum, revised 14 Oct 2018.

    Cited by:

    1. Adrien Frontenaud, 2023. "The Quality of Employment in MENA Countries: The Place and Dynamics of the Middle Class," Post-Print halshs-04203129, HAL.
    2. Tansel, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2020. "Public-private sector wage gap by gender in Egypt: Evidence from quantile regression on panel data, 1998–2018," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Sattar, Aimen & Brown, Calum & Rounsevell, Mark & Alexander, Peter, 2024. "Typology analysis of Egyptian agricultural households reveals increasing income diversification and abandonment of agricultural activities," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    4. Stefano Caria & Bruno Crepon & Hala ElBehairy & Noha Fadlalmawla & Caroline Krafft & Abdelrahman Nagy & Lili Mottaghi & Nahla Zeitoun & Souraya El Assiouty, 2022. "Child Care Subsidies, Employment Services and Women's Labor Market Outcomes in Egypt," World Bank Publications - Reports 37825, The World Bank Group.
    5. Doaa Salman & Abeer Rashdan & Layla Amr, 2020. "Egyptian Female Entrepreneurship As Driving Factors In The Digital Era, A Hope Or A Challenge," Economics & Law, Faculty of Economics, SOUTH-WEST UNIVERSITY "NEOFIT RILSKI", BLAGOEVGRAD, vol. 2(2), pages 33-49.
    6. El-Haddad, Amirah, 2020. "Redefining the social contract in the wake of the Arab Spring: The experiences of Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    7. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.

  11. Caroline Kraff & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," Working Papers 1186, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. Ibrahim Al Hawarin & Irène Selwaness, 2018. "The Evolution of Social Security in Jordan’s Labor Market: A Critical Comparison Between Pre- and Post- 2010 Social Security Reform," Working Papers 1185, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Apr 2018.
    3. Caroline Krafft & Susan Razzaz & Caitlyn Keo & Ragui Assaad, 2019. "The Number and Characteristics of Syrians in Jordan: A Multi-Source Analysis," Working Papers 1288, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    4. Assaad, Ragui & Ginn, Thomas & Saleh, Mohamed, 2023. "Refugees and the education of host populations: Evidence from the Syrian inflow to Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    5. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding & Caitlyn Keo & Colette Salemi, 2018. "Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Demographics, Livelihoods, Education, and Health," Working Papers 1184, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Apr 2018.
    6. Belal Fallah & Caroline Krafft & Jackline Wahba, 2018. "The Impact of Refugees on Employment and Wages in Jordan," Working Papers 1189, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    7. Krafft,Caroline Gould & Ragui,Assaad & Pastoor,Isabel, 2021. "How Do Gender Norms Shape Education and Domestic Work Outcomes ? The Case of Syrian RefugeeAdolescents in Jordan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9820, The World Bank.
    8. Reham Rizk & Colette Salemi, 2018. "Own Account Workers in Jordan: Profile and Work Characteristics," Working Papers 1218, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Sep 2018.
    9. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Nouf Abushehab, 2026. "The Evolution of Labor Supply in Jordan Through 2025," Working Papers 1823, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    10. Mahmoud Ali Hailat, 2018. "Education of Jordanians: Outcomes in a Challenging Environment," Working Papers 1221, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    11. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(4), pages 81-106.
    12. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    13. Maia Sieverding & Caroline Krafft & Nasma Berri & Caitlyn Keo & Mariam Sharpless, 2018. "Education Interrupted: Enrollment, Attainment, and Dropout of Syrian Refugees in Jordan," Working Papers 1261, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 Dec 2018.
    14. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Caitlyn Keo, 2018. "The Composition of Labor Supply and its Evolution from 2010 to 2016 in Jordan," Working Papers 1183, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Apr 2018.
    15. Rami Galal & Mona Said, 2018. "The Evolution of Wage Formation and Inequality in Jordan in 2010-2016," Working Papers 1209, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2018.
    16. Viollaz,Mariana & Winkler,Hernan Jorge, 2020. "Does the Internet Reduce Gender Gaps? : The Case of Jordan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9183, The World Bank.
    17. Zhang, Hongliang & Assaad, Ragui, 2024. "Women’s access to school, educational attainment, and fertility: Evidence from Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    18. Alhawarin, Ibrahim & Assaad, Ragui & Elsayed, Ahmed, 2021. "Migration shocks and housing: Short-run impact of the Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    19. Maia Sieverding & Nasma Berri & Sawsan Abdulrahim, 2018. "Marriage and fertility patterns among Jordanians and Syrian refugees in Jordan," Working Papers 1187, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    20. Caroline Krafft & Elizabeth Kula & Maia Sieverding, 2021. "An investigation of Jordan’s fertility stall and resumed decline: The role of proximate determinants," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 45(19), pages 605-652.
    21. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Sara Ragab, 2026. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2025," Working Papers 1822, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    22. Wahba Jackline & Nelly Elmallakh, 2021. "Syrian Refugees and the Migration Dynamics of Jordanians: Moving in or Moving out?," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 2120, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
    23. Ahmed Elsayed, 2018. "Housing and Living Conditions In Jordan—2010-2016," Working Papers 1195, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 May 2018.
    24. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.

  12. Ragui Assaad & Colette Salemi, 2018. "The Structure of Employment and Job Creation in Jordan: 2010-2016," Working Papers 1259, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    2. Reham Rizk & Colette Salemi, 2018. "Own Account Workers in Jordan: Profile and Work Characteristics," Working Papers 1218, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Sep 2018.
    3. Caroline Krafft & Elizabeth Kula & Maia Sieverding, 2021. "An investigation of Jordan’s fertility stall and resumed decline: The role of proximate determinants," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 45(19), pages 605-652.
    4. Adely, Fida Issa J. & Mitra, Ankushi & Mohamed, Menatalla & Shaham, Adam, 2021. "Poor education, unemployment and the promise of skills: The hegemony of the “skills mismatch” discourse," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    5. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.

  13. Ibrahim Al Hawarin & Ragui Assaad & Ahmed Elsayed, 2018. "Migration Shocks and Housing: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan," Working Papers 1213, Economic Research Forum, revised 28 Jun 2018.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Susan Razzaz & Caitlyn Keo & Ragui Assaad, 2019. "The Number and Characteristics of Syrians in Jordan: A Multi-Source Analysis," Working Papers 1288, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    2. Aksoy, Cevat Giray & Tumen, Semih, 2020. "Local Governance Quality and the Environmental Cost of Forced Migration," IZA Discussion Papers 13145, IZA Network @ LISER.
    3. Assaad, Ragui & Ginn, Thomas & Saleh, Mohamed, 2019. "Impact of Syrian Refugees on Education Outcomes in Jordan," CEPR Discussion Papers 14056, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    4. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding, 2018. "Jordan’s fertility stall and resumed decline: an investigation of demographic factors," Working Papers 1193, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 May 2018.
    5. Caroline Kraff & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," Working Papers 1186, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    6. Ashenafi Belayneh Ayenew, 2020. "Welfare Impact of Hosting Refugees in Ethiopia," HiCN Working Papers 341, Households in Conflict Network.
    7. Rozo, Sandra V. & Sviatschi, Micaela, 2021. "Is a refugee crisis a housing crisis? Only if housing supply is unresponsive," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    8. Kürschner Rauck, Kathleen & Kvasnicka, Michael, 2018. "The 2015 European Refugee Crisis and Residential Housing Rents in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 12047, IZA Network @ LISER.
    9. Verme, Paolo & Schuettler, Kirsten, 2020. "The Impact of Forced Displacement on Host Communities. A Review of the Empirical Literature in Economics," GLO Discussion Paper Series 583, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    10. Evan Borkum & Paolo Abarcar & Laura Meyer & Matthew Spitzer, "undated". "Jordan Refugee Livelihoods Development Impact Bond Evaluation Framework," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 602dafe521fe4467854dcd45e, Mathematica Policy Research.
    11. Ayenew, Ashenafi Belayneh, 2021. "Welfare Impact of Hosting Refugees in Ethiopia," EconStor Preprints 228519, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    12. Ayenew,Ashenafi Belayneh, 2021. "Welfare Impact of Hosting Refugees in Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9613, The World Bank.
    13. Ayfer Ozyilmaz & Yuksel Bayraktar & Esme Isik & Metin Toprak & Mehmet Firat Olgun & Serdar Aydin & Tuncay Guloglu, 2022. "The Impact of Refugees on Income Inequality in Developing Countries by Using Quantile Regression, ANN, Fixed and Random Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    14. Sandra Rozo & Micaela Sviastchi, 2018. "Are Refugees a Burden? Impacts of Refugee Inflows on Hosts Consumption Expenditures," Working Papers 2018-3, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    15. Anda David & Mohamed Ali Marouani & Charbel Nahas & Björn Nilsson, 2020. "The economics of the Syrian refugee crisis in neighbouring countries: The case of Lebanon," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(1), pages 89-109, January.
    16. Bandiera,Antonella Agostina & Dinarte Diaz,Lelys Ileana & Rozo Villarraga,Sandra Viviana & Schmidt-Padilla,Carlos & Sviatschi,Maria Micaela & Winkler,Hernan Jorge, 2021. "The Unintended Consequences of Deportations : Evidence from Firm Behavior in El Salvador," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9521, The World Bank.

  14. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "Marriage, Fertility, and Women’s Agency in Tunisia," Working Papers 1157, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.

    Cited by:

    1. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    2. Rim Ben Mouelhi & Mohamed Goaied, 2017. "Women in the Tunisian Labor Market," Working Papers 1160, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    3. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," Working Papers 1040, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Jan 2016.

  15. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia," Working Papers 1150, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Jan 2017.

    Cited by:

    1. Mongi Boughzala, 2017. "Employment and the Functioning of the Labor Market," Working Papers 1154, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Sep 2003.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Processes in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia: An Examination of Pedagogy, Accountability and Perceptions of Quality," Working Papers 1069, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2016.
    3. Rim Ben Mouelhi & Mohamed Goaied, 2017. "Women in the Tunisian Labor Market," Working Papers 1160, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    4. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    5. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    6. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "Marriage, Fertility, and Women’s Agency in Tunisia," Working Papers 1157, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.

  16. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2017. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1080, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. D'AGOSTINI, CECILIA & FERRONE, LUCIA & Giannelli, Gianna, 2026. "Housing Policy and Fertility Behavior in Egypt: Evidence from the 1996 Rental Liberalization," IZA Discussion Papers 18734, IZA Network @ LISER.
    3. Asiimire Donath & Medard Twinamatsiko & Johnson Atwiine & Dr. Nuwatuhaire Benard, 2024. "Women Productive Resource Ownership and their Contribution to the Changing Family Patterns in Ankole Sub-Region, Uganda," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(5), pages 844-855, May.
    4. Amr Ragab & Ayhab F. Saad, 2023. "The effects of a negative economic shock on male marriage in the West Bank," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 789-814, September.
    5. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    6. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Nouf Abushehab, 2026. "The Evolution of Labor Supply in Jordan Through 2025," Working Papers 1823, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    7. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding & Irene Selwaness, 2024. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s care work and employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(15), pages 501-552.
    8. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    9. Arnaud Lacheret, 2021. "Femmes, musulmanes, cadres... une intégration à française," Post-Print halshs-03364947, HAL.
    10. Krafft, Caroline, 2025. "Do employers discriminate against married women? Evidence from a field experiment in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    11. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    12. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Sara Ragab, 2026. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2025," Working Papers 1822, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    13. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Irene Selwaness, 2017. "The Impact of Early Marriage on Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1086, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.
    14. Stöcker, Alexander & Zintl, Tina, 2024. "Economic development and barriers to (decent) work for women in SSA and MENA," IDOS Discussion Papers 16/2024, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).

  17. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2017. "Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth," IZA Discussion Papers 10970, IZA Network @ LISER.

    Cited by:

    1. Thibault Lemaire, 2020. "Phillips in A Revolution: Unemployment and Prices in Early 21st Century Egypt," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-03948605, HAL.

  18. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Irene Selwaness, 2017. "The Impact of Early Marriage on Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1086, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Ghada Barsoum, 2019. "Public employment in the Middle East and North Africa," World of Labour, LISER, pages 463-463, August.
    2. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    3. Moundir Lassassi & Aysit Tansel, 2022. "Female labor force participation in Egypt and Palestine: An age–period–cohort analysis," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 1997-2020, November.
    4. Maye Ehab, 2018. "The Commuting Gender Gap and Females’ Participation and Earnings in the Egyptian Labor Market," Working Papers 1211, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Jun 2018.
    5. Lassassi, Moundir & Tansel, Aysit, 2020. "Female Labor Force Participation in Five Selected Mena Countries: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia)," MPRA Paper 103774, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    7. Ragui Assaad & Rana Hendy & Moundir Lassassi & Shaimaa Yassin, 2020. "Explaining the MENA paradox: Rising educational attainment yet stagnant female labor force participation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 43(28), pages 817-850.
    8. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia," Working Papers 1150, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Jan 2017.
    9. Yusra Alkasasbeh, 2025. "Women’s Agency in Jordan: The Impact of Marriage and Motherhood Moderated by Education," Working Papers 1776, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 May 2025.
    10. Yount, Kathryn M. & Crandall, AliceAnn & Cheong, Yuk Fai, 2018. "Women’s Age at First Marriage and Long-Term Economic Empowerment in Egypt," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 124-134.
    11. Abeer Mohamed Ali Abd Elkhalek, 2019. "Economic Development and Participation of Women in Services Sector: Empirical Evidence from Egypt," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(2), pages 155-164, February.
    12. Moundir Lassassi & Aysit Tansel, 2020. "Female labor force participation in five selected MENA countries: An age-period-cohort analysis," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 2018, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
    13. Caroline Krafft, 2020. "Why is fertility on the rise in Egypt? The role of women’s employment opportunities," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 33(4), pages 1173-1218, October.
    14. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "Marriage, Fertility, and Women’s Agency in Tunisia," Working Papers 1157, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    15. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2019. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 1287, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    16. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    17. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.

  19. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.

    Cited by:

    1. Mennatullah Hendawy & Jörg Stollmann, 2020. "The Entanglement of Class, Marriage and Real Estate: The Visual Culture of Egypt’s Urbanisation," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(2), pages 44-58.
    2. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding & Irene Selwaness, 2024. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s care work and employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(15), pages 501-552.
    3. Ibrahim Al Hawarin & Ragui Assaad & Ahmed Elsayed, 2018. "Migration Shocks and Housing: Evidence from the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan," Working Papers 1213, Economic Research Forum, revised 28 Jun 2018.
    4. Mennatullah Hendawy & Jörg Stollmann, 2020. "The Entanglement of Class, Marriage and Real Estate: The Visual Culture of Egypt’s Urbanisation," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(2), pages 44-58.
    5. Caroline Krafft & Elizabeth Kula & Maia Sieverding, 2021. "An investigation of Jordan’s fertility stall and resumed decline: The role of proximate determinants," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 45(19), pages 605-652.
    6. Ahmed Elsayed, 2018. "Housing and Living Conditions In Jordan—2010-2016," Working Papers 1195, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 May 2018.

  20. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh & Sami Zouari, 2017. "Estimating Poverty and Inequality in the Absence of Consumption Data: An Application to the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1100, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.

    Cited by:

    1. Betti, Gianni & Crescenzi, Federico & Dang, Hai-Anh H & Molini, Vasco & Mori, Lorenzo, 2025. "Reconstructing Two Decades of Inequality in the Sahel Region," IZA Discussion Papers 18286, IZA Network @ LISER.
    2. Anis Saidi & Mekki Hamdaoui & Wajdi Moussa, 2021. "Assessing Policy Effectiveness in Reducing Inequality of Opportunity in Access to Public Services and Education Among Tunisian Children," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(3), pages 993-1018, September.
    3. Daniele Checchi & Andrej Cupak & Teresa Munzi & Janet Gornick, 2018. "Empirical challenges comparing inequality across countries: The case of middle-income countries from the LIS database," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-149, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    4. Betti, Gianni & Molini, Vasco & Mori, Lorenzo, 2024. "An attempt to correct the underestimation of inequality measures in cross-survey imputation through generalized additive models for location, scale and shape," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Betti,Gianni & Molini,Vasco & Mori,Lorenzo, 2022. "New Algorithm to Estimate Inequality Measures in Cross-Survey Imputation : An Attemptto Correct the Underestimation of Extreme Values," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10013, The World Bank.
    6. Daniele Checchi & Andrej Cupak & Teresa Munzi & Janet Gornick, 2018. "Empirical challenges comparing inequality across countries," LIS Working papers 756, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    7. Ragui Assaad & Hanan Nazier & Rasha Ramadan, 2015. "Empowerment is a Community Affair: Community Level Determinants of Married Women's Empowerment in Egypt," Working Papers 959, Economic Research Forum, revised Oct 2015.
    8. Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan, 2014. "Informality and Poverty: a Casuality Dilemma with Application to Egypt," Working Papers 895, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2014.
    9. Racha Ramadan & Vladimir Hlasny & Vito Intini, 2018. "Inter‐Group Expenditure Gaps In The Arab Region And Their Determinants: Application To Egypt, Jordan, Palestine And Tunisia," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 64(s1), pages 145-188, October.

  21. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.

    Cited by:

    1. Daniele Checchi & Andrej Cupak & Teresa Munzi & Janet Gornick, 2018. "Empirical challenges comparing inequality across countries: The case of middle-income countries from the LIS database," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-149, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Ahmed DRIOUCHI & Cristina BOBOC & Alae GAMAR, 2016. "Inequality In Educational Attainment of Females in Arab Countries: Comparisons to Eastern and Central European Economies," Romanian Journal of Economics, Institute of National Economy, vol. 43(2(52)), pages 34-60, december.
    3. Daniele Checchi & Andrej Cupak & Teresa Munzi & Janet Gornick, 2018. "Empirical challenges comparing inequality across countries," LIS Working papers 756, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    4. Krafft, Caroline & Alawode, Halimat, 2018. "Inequality of opportunity in higher education in the Middle East and North Africa," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 234-244.
    5. Driouchi, Ahmed & Harkat, Tahar, 2017. "An Empirical Descriptive Analysis of the Factors underlying the Role of Younger Generations in Economic, Social & Political Changes in Arab Countries," MPRA Paper 77216, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Krafft, Caroline & Davis, Elizabeth E., 2019. "The Arab Inequality Puzzle: The Role of Income Sources in Egypt and Tunisia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 405, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    7. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh & Sami Zouari, 2017. "Estimating Poverty and Inequality in the Absence of Consumption Data: An Application to the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1100, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.
    8. Ishac Diwan & Zafiris Tzannatos, 2002. "Debunking Myth: Economic Values in the Arab World Through the Prism of Opinion Polls," Working Papers 1104, Economic Research Forum, revised 06 Aug 2002.
    9. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    10. Hlasny, Vladimir & AlAzzawi, Shireen, 2019. "Asset inequality in the MENA: The missing dimension?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 44-55.
    11. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.

  22. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Comparing Retrospective and Panel Data Collection Methods to Assess Labor Market Dynamics," Working Papers 994, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.

    Cited by:

    1. Struffolino, Emanuela, 2019. "Navigating the early career: The social stratification of young workers’ employment trajectories in Italy," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 63, pages 1-17.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    3. Francois Langot & Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Informality, Public Employment and Employment Protection in Developing Countries," IRENE Working Papers 16-09, IRENE Institute of Economic Research.
    4. Behr Andreas & Giese Marco & Teguim K Herve D. & Theune Katja, 2020. "Early Prediction of University Dropouts – A Random Forest Approach," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 240(6), pages 743-789, December.
    5. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    6. Hossain, Marup & Mullally, Conner & Mabiso, Athur, 2024. "Occupational and asset adjustments in Tamil Nadu, India: The role of a finance and rebuilding program," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    7. Maia Sieverding & Caroline Krafft & Nasma Berri & Caitlyn Keo, 2019. "Persistence and Change in Marriage Practices Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan," Working Papers 1281, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    8. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    9. Belal Fallah & Caroline Krafft & Jackline Wahba, 2018. "The Impact of Refugees on Employment and Wages in Jordan," Working Papers 1189, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    10. Ragui Assaad & Rana Hendy & Moundir Lassassi & Shaimaa Yassin, 2020. "Explaining the MENA paradox: Rising educational attainment yet stagnant female labor force participation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 43(28), pages 817-850.
    11. Tyrowicz, Joanna & van der Velde, Lucas, 2018. "Labor reallocation and demographics," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 381-412.
    12. Caroline Kraff & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," Working Papers 1186, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    13. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    14. Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Constructing Labor Market Transitions Recall Weights in Retrospective Data: An Application to Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 1061, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Jan 2016.
    15. Amare, Dagninet & Darr, Dietrich, 2023. "Can a sequential analysis provide a more robust understanding of farmers' adoption decisions? An example from an agroforestry adoption study in Ethiopia," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    16. Shaimaa Yassin & Francois Langot, 2017. "Correcting Measurement Errors in Transition Models Based on Retrospective Panel Data," IRENE Working Papers 17-04, IRENE Institute of Economic Research.
    17. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding & Irene Selwaness, 2024. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s care work and employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(15), pages 501-552.
    18. Ragui Assaad & Colette Salemi, 2018. "The Structure of Employment and Job Creation in Jordan: 2010-2016," Working Papers 1259, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    19. Rania Salem & Sarah Shah, 2016. "Correlates of Kin Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1067, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jan 2016.
    20. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    21. Struffolino, Emanuela & Raitano, Michele, 2018. "Il divario generazionale nell’accesso al mercato del lavoro: differenziazione e destandardizzazione delle traiettorie d’ingresso," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue 3, pages 63-83.
    22. Hossain, Marup & Mendiratta, Vibhuti & Savastano, Sara, 2024. "Agricultural and Rural Development Interventions and Poverty Reduction: Global Evidence from 16 Impact Assessment Studies," IAAE 2024 Conference, August 2-7, 2024, New Delhi, India 344302, International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE).
    23. Alistair Munro, 2020. "Using experimental manipulation of questionnaire design and a Kenyan panel to test for the reliability of reported perceptions of climate change and adaptation," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 1081-1105, October.
    24. Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Why is Fertility on the Rise in Egypt? The Role of Women’s Employment Opportunities," Working Papers 1050, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    25. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    26. Wahby,Sarah Mohammad Osman & Assaad,Ragui A, 2024. "Job Finding and Separation among Syrian refugees in Jordan and Their Hosts during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10670, The World Bank.
    27. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Sarah Wahby, 2023. "Sudan’s economy, society, and labor market have experienced a large number of shocks since Sudan’s last household survey in 2014/15. Pre-existing political and economic challenges contributed to the revolution in 2018 and substantial political change," Working Papers 1665, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Nov 2023.
    28. Temitayo A. Adeyemo & Victor O. Okoruwa, 2018. "Value Addition and Productivity Differentials in the Nigerian Cassava System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
    29. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Shaimaa Yassin, 2018. "Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-34, December.
    30. Marup Hossain & Tisorn Songsermsawas & Robinson H. Toguem, 2024. "The role of access to finance in disaster recovery: Evidence from coastal communities in India," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(1), pages 218-234, February.
    31. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2024. "Connecting People to Projects : A New Approach to Measuring Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10659, The World Bank.

  23. Ragui Assaad & Abdurrahman Aydemir & Meltem Dayioglu & Guray Kirdar, 2016. "Returns to Schooling in Egypt," Working Papers 1000, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.

    Cited by:

    1. Imed Limam & Abdelwahab Ben Hafaiedh, 2017. "Education, Earnings and Returns to Schooling in Tunisia," Working Papers 1162, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2017.
    2. Zafiris Tzannatos & Ishac Diwan & Joanna Abdel Ahad, 2016. "Rates of Return to Education in Twenty Two Arab Countries: an Update and Comparison Between MENA and the Rest of the World," Working Papers 1007, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    3. Ã lvaro Choi, 2023. "The Impact of Compulsory Schooling Expansion on Educational Outcomes: The Case of Indonesia," UB School of Economics Working Papers 2023/452, University of Barcelona School of Economics.
    4. Langsten, Ray & Hassan, Tahra, 2018. "Primary education completion in Egypt: Trends and determinants," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 136-145.
    5. Pellicer, Miquel, 2018. "The evolution of returns to education in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from comparable education policy changes in Tunisia," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 183-191.
    6. Deng, Jingyuan & Elmallakh, Nelly & Flabbi, Luca & Gatti, Roberta V., 2023. "Returns to Education in the Marriage Market : Bride Price and School Reform in Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10288, The World Bank.

  24. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Labor Market Dynamics and Youth Unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 993, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.

    Cited by:

    1. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    2. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    3. Belal Fallah & Caroline Krafft & Jackline Wahba, 2018. "The Impact of Refugees on Employment and Wages in Jordan," Working Papers 1189, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    4. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Do More Productive Firms Pay Workers More? Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 1222, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    5. El-Haddad Amirah, 2020. "Picking Winners: Identifying Leading Sectors for Egypt and Tunisia Using the Product Space Methodology," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 16(1), pages 1-80, April.
    6. Almas Heshmati & Ilham Haouas & Kazi Sohag & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2017. "Hiring and Separation Rates Before and after the Arab Spring in the Tunisian Labour Market," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 85(2), pages 259-278, June.
    7. Driouchi, Ahmed & Harkat, Tahar, 2016. "Macroeconomic and School Variables to Reveal Country Choices of General and Vocational Education: A Cross-Country Analysis with focus on Arab Economies," MPRA Paper 73455, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia," Working Papers 1150, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Jan 2017.
    9. Alaref,Jumana Jamal Subhi & Nikaein Towfighian,Samira & Paez Salamanca,Gustavo Nicolas & Audah,Mohammed Thabet M, 2020. "The Impact of Employer Discrimination on Female Labor Market Outcomes : Experimental Evidence from Tunisia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9361, The World Bank.
    10. Harkat, Tahar & Driouchi, Ahmed & Achehboune, Amale, 2016. "Time Series Analysis & Choices for General and Vocational Education in Arab Economies," MPRA Paper 74770, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Nouf Abushehab, 2026. "The Evolution of Labor Supply in Jordan Through 2025," Working Papers 1823, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    12. Iman Al‐Ayouty & Hoda Hassaballa, 2020. "Regional unemployment in Egypt: Spatial panel data analysis," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 565-577, December.
    13. Barsoum, Ghada, 2020. "When marketization encounters centralized governance: Private Higher education in Egypt," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    14. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    15. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    16. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    17. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Irene Selwaness, 2017. "The Impact of Early Marriage on Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1086, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.
    18. Deng,Jingyuan & Elmallakh,Nelly Youssef Louis William & Flabbi,Luca & Gatti,Roberta V., 2022. "Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10126, The World Bank.
    19. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.

  25. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.

    Cited by:

    1. Paul Hufe & Andreas Peichl & John Roemer & Martin Ungerer, 2017. "Inequality of income acquisition: the role of childhood circumstances," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 49(3), pages 499-544, December.
    2. Krafft, Caroline & Alawode, Halimat, 2018. "Inequality of opportunity in higher education in the Middle East and North Africa," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 234-244.
    3. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    4. Krafft, Caroline & Davis, Elizabeth E., 2019. "The Arab Inequality Puzzle: The Role of Income Sources in Egypt and Tunisia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 405, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    5. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh & Sami Zouari, 2017. "Estimating Poverty and Inequality in the Absence of Consumption Data: An Application to the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1100, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.
    6. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    7. Assaad, Ragui & Hendy, Rana & Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad, 2019. "Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from household surveys," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 24-43.
    8. El-Haddad, Amirah, 2020. "Redefining the social contract in the wake of the Arab Spring: The experiences of Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).

  26. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," Working Papers 1040, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Jan 2016.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    3. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    4. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    5. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "The Composition of Labor Supply and Unemployment in Tunisia," Working Papers 1150, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Jan 2017.
    6. Aurora Angeli & Marco Novelli, 2017. "Transitions in Late-Life Living Arrangements and Socio-economic Conditions of the Elderly in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 1083, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.
    7. Caroline Kraff & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," Working Papers 1186, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    8. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    9. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(4), pages 81-106.
    10. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    11. Andras Bodor & Roberta Gatti & Diego F. Angel-Urdinola & Joana Silva, 2014. "Striving for Better Jobs : The Challenge of Informality in the Middle East and North Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 19905.
    12. Abdelhalem Mahmoud Shahen & Mesbah Fathy Sharaf, 2025. "Job Satisfaction in Post-Arab Spring Egypt and Tunisia: Between Hope and Hardship," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, December.
    13. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh & Sami Zouari, 2017. "Estimating Poverty and Inequality in the Absence of Consumption Data: An Application to the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1100, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.
    14. Mohamed Amara & Wajih Khallouli & Faycel Zidi, 2018. "Gender Discrimination in the Tunisian Labor Market: The Youth Crisis," Working Papers 1263, Economic Research Forum, revised 07 Feb 2018.
    15. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    16. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "Marriage, Fertility, and Women’s Agency in Tunisia," Working Papers 1157, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    17. Ebaidalla Mahjoub Ebaidalla & Mohammed Elhaj Mustafa Ali, 2018. "Chronic Illness and Labor Market Participation in Arab Countries: Evidence from Egypt and Tunisia," Working Papers 1229, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 Oct 2018.
    18. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    19. Joana Silva & Victoria Levin & Matteo Morgandi, 2013. "Inclusion and Resilience : The Way Forward for Social Safety Nets in the Middle East and North Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 14064.
    20. Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen AlAzzawi, 2018. "Return migration and socioeconomic mobility in MENA: Evidence from labour market panel surveys," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-35, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

  27. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.

    Cited by:

    1. Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2020. "Vulnerable employment of Egyptian, Jordanian, and Tunisian youth: Trends and determinants," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-166, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Saidi Anis & Hamdaoui Mekki, 2021. "Level of Fairness and Justice in Labor Market: Evidence from Tunisia Post-Revolution," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(3), pages 1187-1214, September.
    3. Mesbah Sharaf & Ahmed Rashad & El-Hussien Ibrahim Mansour, 2019. "Son preference and child under nutrition in the Arab countries: is there a gender bias against girls?," Working Papers 1309, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Aug 2019.
    4. Reham Rizk, 2016. "Returns to Education: An Updated Comparison from Arab Countries," Working Papers 986, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.
    5. Huda Mohamed Mukhtar Ahmed & Eiman Adil Mohamed Osman & Hatim Ameer Mahran, 2020. "Inequality of Opportunity in The Labor Market: Evidence from Sudan," Journal of Social Science Studies, Macrothink Institute, vol. 7(2), pages 38-56, December.
    6. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruotong Li, 2025. "How do childhood environments contribute to intergenerational economic mobility?: Evidence from 25 years of panel data in Egypt," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2025-95, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    7. Adely, Fida Issa J. & Mitra, Ankushi & Mohamed, Menatalla & Shaham, Adam, 2021. "Poor education, unemployment and the promise of skills: The hegemony of the “skills mismatch” discourse," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

  28. Jackline Wahba & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Flexible Labor Regulations and Informality in Egypt," Working Papers 915, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2015.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. Giorgia Giovannetti & Enrico Marvasi & Arianna Vivoli, 2021. "The asymmetric effects of 20 years of tariff reforms on Egyptian workers," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 38(1), pages 89-130, April.
    3. Aysit Tansel & Halil Ibrahim Keskin & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2018. "Public Versus Private Sector Wage Gap in Egypt: Evidence from Quantile Regression on Panel Data," Working Papers 1265, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 Dec 2018.
    4. TANSEL, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2015. "Is There an Informal Employment Wage Penalty in Egypt?," MPRA Paper 67051, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Adrien Frontenaud, 2023. "The Quality of Employment in MENA Countries: The Place and Dynamics of the Middle Class," Post-Print halshs-04203129, HAL.
    6. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Khandker Wahedur Rahman & Maakwe Cumanzala, 2024. "How do small formal and informal firms in Egypt compare? An analysis of firm characteristics and implications for formalization efforts," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 1292-1315, August.
    7. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    8. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Shaimaa Yassin, 2018. "Job Creation or Labor Absorption? An Analysis of Private Sector Job Growth in Egypt," Working Papers 1237, Economic Research Forum, revised 14 Oct 2018.
    9. Tansel, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2020. "Public-private sector wage gap by gender in Egypt: Evidence from quantile regression on panel data, 1998–2018," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    10. Samaniego de la Parra, Brenda & Otero-Cortés, Andrea & Fabio Morales, Leonardo, 2024. "The labor market effects of facilitating social security contributions under part-time employment contracts: Evidence from Colombia," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    11. Nesma Ali & Boris Najman, 2016. "Informal Competition, Firms Productivity and Policy Reforms in Egypt," Working Papers 1025, Economic Research Forum, revised Jul 2016.
    12. Andras Bodor & Roberta Gatti & Diego F. Angel-Urdinola & Joana Silva, 2014. "Striving for Better Jobs : The Challenge of Informality in the Middle East and North Africa," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 19905.
    13. Elsayed, Ahmed & Wahba, Jackline, 2017. "Political Change and Informality: Evidence from the Arab Spring," IZA Discussion Papers 11245, IZA Network @ LISER.
    14. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2017. "Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-28, December.
    15. Ahmed Rashad & Mesbah Sharaf, 2018. "Does Precarious Employment Damage Youth Mental Health, Wellbeing, and Marriage? Evidence from Egypt Using Longitudinal Data," Working Papers 1200, Economic Research Forum, revised 27 May 2018.
    16. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    17. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2019. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 1287, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    18. Aysit Tansel & Halil Ibrahim Keskin & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2020. "Is there an informal employment wage penalty in Egypt? Evidence from quantile regression on panel data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(6), pages 2949-2979, June.
    19. Ali Souag & Ragui Assaad, 2017. "The Impact of the Action Plan For Promoting Employment and Combating Unemployment on Employment Informality in Algeria," Working Papers 1161, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2017.
    20. Nistha Sinha & Gladys Lopez-Acevedo & Marco Ranzani & Adam Elsheikhi, 2023. "Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa [L’informalité et la croissance solidaire au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord]," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 39865.
    21. Ousama Ben-Salha & Zouhair Mrabet, 2019. "Is Economic Growth Really Jobless? Empirical Evidence from North Africa," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 61(4), pages 598-624, December.
    22. Moustafa Feriga & Chahir Zaki, 2025. "Opening Up, Falling Behind: A Quasi-Natural Experiment for Informal Wages in Egypt," Working Papers 1801, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Dec 2025.
    23. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    24. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2016. "Determinants of Emigration: Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 987, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.

  29. Ragui Assaad & Hanan Nazier & Rasha Ramadan, 2015. "Empowerment is a Community Affair: Community Level Determinants of Married Women's Empowerment in Egypt," Working Papers 959, Economic Research Forum, revised Oct 2015.

    Cited by:

    1. Aurora Angeli & Silvana Salvini, 2022. "Demography of Mediterranean countries: what does it happen in the two shores?," RIEDS - Rivista Italiana di Economia, Demografia e Statistica - The Italian Journal of Economic, Demographic and Statistical Studies, SIEDS Societa' Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, vol. 76(2), pages 4-12, April-Jun.
    2. Carmen Friedrich & Henriette Engelhardt & Florian Schulz, 2021. "Women’s Agency in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia: The Role of Parenthood and Education," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(5), pages 1025-1059, October.
    3. Goleen Samari, 2017. "Women’s Agency and Fertility: Recent Evidence from Egypt," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 36(4), pages 561-582, August.
    4. Eleftherios Giovanis & Oznur Ozdamar, 2023. "Intra-Household Bargaining, Resource Allocation and Cost of Gender-Based Violence in Egypt: The Role of Asset Ownership and Gender Role Attitudes," Working Papers 1670, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Nov 2023.
    5. Elena Ambrosetti & Marco Novelli & Aurora Angeli, 2021. "Childbearing intentions among Egyptian men and women: The role of gender-equitable attitudes and women’s empowerment," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 44(51), pages 1229-1270.

  30. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2014. "The Economics of Marriage in North Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-067, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

    Cited by:

    1. Anda DAVID & Audrey LENOEL, 2017. "International emigration and labour market outcomes of women staying behind: the case of Morocco," Working Paper f7f57256-7aaf-4dc5-9840-b, Agence française de développement.
    2. Anda David & Rana Hendy, 2016. "Does International Migration Help Them Marry earlier? A Hazard Model for the Case of Egypt," Working Papers 1051, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    3. Bakadzi Moeti & Hildah L. Mokgolodi, 2017. "Indigenous Marital Therapy: A Case of Botswana," International Journal of Social Science Studies, Redfame publishing, vol. 5(11), pages 66-72, November.
    4. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "Marriage, Fertility, and Women’s Agency in Tunisia," Working Papers 1157, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    5. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline & Yassin, Shaimaa, 2017. "Comparing Retrospective and Panel Data Collection Methods to Assess Labor Market Dynamics," IZA Discussion Papers 11052, IZA Network @ LISER.

  31. Ragui Assaad & Eslam Badawy & Caroline Krafft, 2014. "Differences in Pedagogy, Accountability, and Perceptions of Quality by Type of Higher Education in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 828, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Mongi Boughzala & Samir Ghazouani & Abdelwahab Ben Hafaiedh, 2016. "Aligning Incentives for Reforming Higher Education in Tunisa," Working Papers 1031, Economic Research Forum, revised Jul 2016.
    3. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2014. "Does the Type of Higher Education Affect Labor Market Outcomes? A Comparison of Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 826, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.

  32. Ragui Assaad & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan, 2014. "Individual and Households Determinants of Women Empowerment: Application to the Case of Egypt," Working Papers 867, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.

    Cited by:

    1. Carmen Friedrich & Henriette Engelhardt & Florian Schulz, 2021. "Women’s Agency in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia: The Role of Parenthood and Education," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(5), pages 1025-1059, October.
    2. Tuccio, Michele & Wahba, Jackline, 2018. "Return migration and the transfer of gender norms: Evidence from the Middle East," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1006-1029.
    3. Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan, 2017. "Marriage Outcomes and Women Empowerment After Marriage: A Three Countries Story," Working Papers 1074, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Jun 2017.
    4. Ragui Assaad & Hanan Nazier & Rasha Ramadan, 2015. "Empowerment is a Community Affair: Community Level Determinants of Married Women's Empowerment in Egypt," Working Papers 959, Economic Research Forum, revised Oct 2015.
    5. Drall, Anviksha & Gandhi, Sumirtha, 2026. "Does employment and autonomy influence safe menstrual hygiene in India?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 43-59.
    6. Summia Hussain, 2021. "The Role of ICT in Women’s Empowerment: Cross Country Analysis," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 7(3), pages 55-75, September.

  33. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2014. "Does the Type of Higher Education Affect Labor Market Outcomes? A Comparison of Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 826, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Eslam Badawy & Caroline Krafft, 2014. "Differences in Pedagogy, Accountability, and Perceptions of Quality by Type of Higher Education in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 828, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.
    3. Loewe, Markus & Zintl, Tina & Fritzenkötter, Jörn & Gantner, Verena & Kaltenbach, Regina & Pohl, Lena, 2020. "Community effects of cash-for-work programmes in Jordan: Supporting social cohesion, more equitable gender roles and local economic development in contexts of flight and migration," IDOS Studies, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), volume 103, number 103.
    4. Ghada Barsoum & Ahmed Rashad, 2018. "Does Private Higher Education Improve Employment Outcomes? Comparative Analysis from Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 125-142, March.
    5. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    6. Krafft, Caroline & Elbadawy, Asmaa & Sieverding, Maia, 2017. "Constrained School Choice in Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 134, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    7. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    8. Eleonora Bertoni & Giorgio Ricchiuti, 2017. "A Multilevel Analysis of Unemployment in Egypt," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 31(4), pages 494-514, December.
    9. Mongi Boughzala & Samir Ghazouani & Abdelwahab Ben Hafaiedh, 2016. "Aligning Incentives for Reforming Higher Education in Tunisa," Working Papers 1031, Economic Research Forum, revised Jul 2016.
    10. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2017. "Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth," GLO Discussion Paper Series 110, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    11. Brooks Evans & Quentin T. Wodon & Chata Male & Adenike Onagoruwa & Aboudrahyme Savadogo & Ali Yedan, 2016. "Egypt Note," World Bank Publications - Reports 28411, The World Bank Group.
    12. Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Understanding the Dynamics of Household Enterprises in Egypt: Birth, Death, Growth and Transformation," Working Papers 983, Economic Research Forum, revised Mar 2016.

  34. Ragui Assaad & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Rana Hendy, 2014. "Inequality of Opportunity in Educational Attainment in Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Household Surveys," Working Papers 834, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Cuesta, Lizeth & Ruiz, Yomara, 2021. "Efecto de la globalización sobre la desigualdad. Un estudio global para 104 países usando regresiones cuantílicas [Effect of globalization on inequality. A global study for 104 countries using quantile regressions]," MPRA Paper 111022, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Maia Sieverding, 2015. "Intergenerational Mobility in Women's Employment Outcomes in Egypt," Working Papers 978, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2015.
    4. Aysit Tansel, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunities of Educational Achievement in Turkey Over Time," Working Papers 923, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2015.
    5. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    6. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    7. Reham Rizk & Ronia Hawash, 2020. "Education Gap and Youth: A Growing Challenge in the MENA Region," LIS Working papers 790, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    8. Daniel Ruiqi Wang & David P Hajjar & Curtis L Cole, 2020. "International Partnerships for the Development of STEM and Medical Education of Middle Eastern Women," International Journal of Higher Education, Sciedu Press, vol. 9(2), pages 1-1, April.
    9. Atif Awad & M. Azhar Hussain, 2023. "Youth in the Labour Market: Does Inequality of Opportunity Matter? The Experience of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(3), pages 3176-3202, September.
    10. Anis Ochi & Yosra Saidi, 2022. "Do Tunisian Children Have an Equal Chance to Access to School 8 Years After Revolution?," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(3), pages 2007-2029, September.
    11. Reham Rizk & Hala Abou-Ali, 2016. "Out of Pocket Education Expenditure and Household Budget: Evidence from Arab Countries," Working Papers 996, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    12. Tzannatos, Zafiris & Saif, Ibrahim, 2023. "Assessing the Sustainability of Jordan’s Public Debt," FDL Policy Notes 2308, CEPREMAP.
    13. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    14. Florencia Torche, 2019. "Educational mobility in developing countries," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-88, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    15. Wei, Huaying & Guo, Rui & Sun, Honghao & Wang, Nan, 2021. "Household leverage and education expenditure: the role of household investment," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    16. Melani Cammett & Nisreen Salti, 2016. "Popular Grievances and Perceptions of Socioeconomic Conditions in the Arab Region Prior to the Uprisings," Working Papers 1006, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    17. Mallick, Debdulal & Khalil, Islam & Nicholas, Aaron, 2023. "Does Less Education Harm Health? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in a Developing Country," MPRA Paper 116184, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    19. Nicolò Bird, 2020. "Most affected subgroups in young people's transitions to work in the MENA region," Policy Research Brief 69, International Policy Centre.

  35. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Evolution of Labor Supply and Unemployment in the Egyptian Economy: 1988-2012," Working Papers 806, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2013.

    Cited by:

    1. Emad Attia Mohamed Omran & Yuriy Bilan, 2020. "The Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Unemployment Rate in Egypt," Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research (ELIT), vol. 16(4), pages 199-209.
    2. TANSEL, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2015. "Is There an Informal Employment Wage Penalty in Egypt?," MPRA Paper 67051, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Sara H. HOSNEY, 2016. "Factors Influencing Female Labor Force Participation in Egypt and Germany: A Comparative Study," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 3(3), pages 537-541, September.
    4. Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Why is Fertility on the Rise in Egypt? The Role of Women’s Employment Opportunities," Working Papers 1050, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    5. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2017. "Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-28, December.
    6. Rim Ben Mouelhi & Mohamed Goaied, 2017. "Women in the Tunisian Labor Market," Working Papers 1160, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    7. Tansel, Aysit & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2015. "Determinants of Transitions across Formal / Informal Sectors in Egypt," IZA Discussion Papers 8773, IZA Network @ LISER.
    8. Sara Hassan Hosney, 2016. "Factors Influencing Female Labor Force Participation in Egypt and Germany: A Comparative Study," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 826, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    9. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.

  36. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Structure and Evolution of Employment in Egypt: 1998-2012," Working Papers 805, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2013.

    Cited by:

    1. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    2. Ahmed Elsayed & Jackline Wahba, 2016. "Informalization Dynamics and Gains: Why Want a Job Contract?," Working Papers 1001, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    3. Nelly EL MALLAKH & Mathilde MAUREL & Biagio SPECIALE, 2014. "Women and political change: Evidence from the Egyptian revolution," Working Papers P116, FERDI.
    4. Yassin, Shaimaa & Langot, François, 2017. "Informality, Public Employment and Employment Protection in Developing Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 11014, IZA Network @ LISER.
    5. Nelly El-Mallakh & Mathilde Maurel & Biagio Speciale, 2016. "Arab Spring Protests and Women's Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Egyptian Revolution," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01309651, HAL.
    6. Nazier, Hanan & Ezzat, Asmaa, 2022. "Gender differences and time allocation: A comparative analysis of Egypt and Tunisia," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 174-193.
    7. Abeer Mohamed Ali Abd Elkhalek, 2019. "Economic Development and Participation of Women in Services Sector: Empirical Evidence from Egypt," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(2), pages 155-164, February.
    8. Irene Selwaness & Rania Roushdy, 2017. "The Arab Spring and the Employability of Youth: Early Evidence From Egypt," Working Papers 1097, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.
    9. Rim Ben Mouelhi & Mohamed Goaied, 2017. "Women in the Tunisian Labor Market," Working Papers 1160, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    10. Tansel, Aysit & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2015. "Determinants of Transitions across Formal / Informal Sectors in Egypt," IZA Discussion Papers 8773, IZA Network @ LISER.
    11. Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2020. "School to Work Transition and Macroeconomic Conditions in the Turkish Economy," IZA Discussion Papers 13921, IZA Network @ LISER.
    12. Nazier, Hanan, 2020. "Female labor in Egyptian manufacturing sector: The demand side story," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1-11.
    13. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.

  37. Ragui Assaad & Mohamed Saleh, 2013. "Does Improved Local Supply of Schooling Enhance Intergenerational Mobility in Education? Evidence from Jordan," Working Papers 788, Economic Research Forum, revised Oct 2013.

    Cited by:

    1. Ahsan, Md. Nazmul & Emran, M. Shahe & Jiang, Hanchen & Han, Qingyang & Shilpi, Forhad, 2022. "Growing Up Together: Sibling Correlation, Parental Influence, and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Developing Countries," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1123, Global Labor Organization (GLO), revised 2022.
    2. Chae, Minhee & Liang, Wenquan & Xue, Sen, 2025. "Pandemics and intergenerational mobility in education: Evidence from the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    3. Ahmed DRIOUCHI & Cristina BOBOC & Alae GAMAR, 2016. "Inequality In Educational Attainment of Females in Arab Countries: Comparisons to Eastern and Central European Economies," Romanian Journal of Economics, Institute of National Economy, vol. 43(2(52)), pages 34-60, december.
    4. Tharcisio Leone, 2022. "The geography of intergenerational mobility: Evidence of educational persistence and the “Great Gatsby Curve” in Brazil," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 1227-1251, August.
    5. Mongi Boughzala, 2017. "Employment and the Functioning of the Labor Market," Working Papers 1154, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Sep 2003.
    6. Nicolas Fleury & Fabrice Gilles, 2015. "A meta-regression analysis on intergenerational transmission of education: publication bias and genuine empirical effect," Working Papers halshs-01143490, HAL.
    7. Cornelissen, Thomas & Dang, Thang, 2022. "The multigenerational impacts of educational expansion: Evidence from Vietnam," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    9. Assaad, Ragui & Ginn, Thomas & Saleh, Mohamed, 2019. "Impact of Syrian Refugees on Education Outcomes in Jordan," CEPR Discussion Papers 14056, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    10. Liang, Wenquan & Xue, Sen, 2021. "Pandemics and Intergenerational Mobility of Education: Evidence from the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Epidemic in China," GLO Discussion Paper Series 779, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    11. Kolb, Michael & Neidhöfer, Guido & Pfeiffer, Friedhelm, 2019. "Intergenerational mobility and self-selection of asylum seekers in Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 19-027, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    12. David Salomón Aké-Uitz, 2023. "Did the expansion of educational supply at higher education promote intergenerational social mobility in Mexico?/¿La expansión de la oferta educativa en la educación superior promovió la movilidad social intergeneracional en México?," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, vol. 38(1), pages 103-142.
    13. Emran, M. Shahe & Sun, Yan, 2014. "Are the Children of Uneducated Farmers Doubly Doomed? Farm, Nonfarm and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Rural China," MPRA Paper 59230, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Ahmed Taha BÄ°LAL, 2025. "Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Iraq," Fiscaoeconomia, Tubitak Ulakbim JournalPark (Dergipark), issue 1.
    15. Florencia Torche, 2019. "Educational mobility in developing countries," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-88, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    16. Paul Makdissi & Myra Yazbeck, 2023. "Measuring the contribution of stratification and social class at birth to inequality of opportunity," Working Papers 2303E Classification- I31, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics.
    17. Zhang, Hongliang & Assaad, Ragui, 2024. "Women’s access to school, educational attainment, and fertility: Evidence from Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    18. van der Weide, Roy & Lakner, Christoph & Mahler, Daniel Gerszon & Narayan, Ambar & Gupta, Rakesh, 2024. "Intergenerational mobility around the world: A new database," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    19. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    20. Shahe Emran & Forhad Shilpi, 2019. "Economic approach to intergenerational mobility: Measures, methods, and challenges in developing countries," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-98, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    21. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    22. Gitanjali Sen & Dhanushka Thamarapani, 2023. "Keeping Girls in Schools Longer: The Kanyashree Approach in India," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(4), pages 36-64, October.
    23. Emran, M. Shahe & Greene, William H & Shilpi, Forhad, 2015. "When measure matters: coresident sample selection bias in estimating intergenerational mobility in developing countries," MPRA Paper 65920, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.
    25. Malik Muhammad & Muhammad Jamil, 2020. "Intergenerational Mobility in Educational Attainments," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 59(2), pages 179-198.
    26. Michael Hebsaker & Guido Neidhöfer & Friedhelm Pfeiffer, 2021. "Intergenerational mobility and self-selection on unobserved skills: New evidence," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 55(1), pages 1-9, December.

  38. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey: Introducing the 2012 Round," Working Papers 758, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2013.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    2. AlAzzawi, Shireen & Hlasny, Vladimir, 2019. "Household asset wealth and female labor supply in MENA," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 3-13.
    3. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    4. Jackline Wahba, 2014. "Through the Keyhole: International Migration in Egypt," Working Papers 830, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.
    5. Maia Sieverding, 2015. "Intergenerational Mobility in Women's Employment Outcomes in Egypt," Working Papers 978, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2015.
    6. TANSEL, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2015. "Is There an Informal Employment Wage Penalty in Egypt?," MPRA Paper 67051, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Ahmed Elsayed & Olivier Marie, 2015. "How Does Reducing Years of Compulsory Schooling Affect Education and Labor Market Outcomes in a Developing Country?," Working Papers 944, Economic Research Forum, revised Sep 2015.
    8. Mongi Boughzala, 2017. "Employment and the Functioning of the Labor Market," Working Papers 1154, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Sep 2003.
    9. Maye Ehab, 2018. "The Commuting Gender Gap and Females’ Participation and Earnings in the Egyptian Labor Market," Working Papers 1211, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Jun 2018.
    10. Helmy, Imane, 2020. "Livelihood Diversification Strategies: Resisting Vulnerability in Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 441, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    11. Ragui Assaad & Abdurrahman Aydemir & Meltem Dayioglu & Guray Kirdar, 2016. "Returns to Schooling in Egypt," Working Papers 1000, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    12. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    13. Goleen Samari, 2017. "Women’s Agency and Fertility: Recent Evidence from Egypt," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 36(4), pages 561-582, August.
    14. Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen Al Azzawi, 2018. "Asset Inequality in MENA: The Missing Dimension?," Working Papers 1177, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 Apr 2008.
    15. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    16. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Do More Productive Firms Pay Workers More? Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 1222, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    17. Nasr-Allah, A. & Gasparatos, A. & Karanja, A. & Brako, E.D. & Murphy, S. & El-Kenawy, D. & Rossignoli, C. & Phillips, M. & Charo-Karisa, H., 2019. "Employment generation in the Egyptian aquaculture value chain," Monographs, The WorldFish Center, number 40843, April.
    18. Mahe, Clotilde, 2017. "Husbands' return migration and wives' occupational choices," MERIT Working Papers 2017-031, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    19. Osman, Adam & Speer, Jamin D. & Weaver, Andrew, 2022. "Connections, Referrals, and Hiring Outcomes: Evidence from an Egyptian Establishment Survey," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 342-355.
    20. Shahen, Mostafa E. & Kotani, Koji & Kakinaka, Makoto & Managi, Shunsuke, 2020. "Wage and labor mobility between public, formal private and informal private sectors in a developing country," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 101-113.
    21. Ali Rashed & Maia Sieverding, 2014. "Micro and Small Household Enterprises in Egypt: Potential for Growth and Employment Generation," Working Papers 831, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.
    22. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    23. Suzan Abdel-Rahman & Mohamed R. Abonazel & Fuad A. Awwad & B. M. Golam Kibria, 2023. "The Impact of COVID-19-Induced Responsibilities on Women’s Employment in Arab Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, June.
    24. Clémentine Sadania, 2016. "Working and Women’s Empowerment in the Egyptian Household: The Type of Work and Location Matter," Working Papers halshs-01525220, HAL.
    25. Aurora Angeli & Marco Novelli, 2017. "Transitions in Late-Life Living Arrangements and Socio-economic Conditions of the Elderly in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 1083, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.
    26. Harkat, Tahar & Driouchi, Ahmed & Achehboune, Amale, 2016. "Time Series Analysis & Choices for General and Vocational Education in Arab Economies," MPRA Paper 74770, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    27. Caroline Kraff & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," Working Papers 1186, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    28. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    29. Reham Rizk, 2020. "Do Parents Compensate or Reinforce Child Ability Gaps? Evidence from Egypt Using Private Tutoring," Working Papers 1451, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Dec 2020.
    30. Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Constructing Labor Market Transitions Recall Weights in Retrospective Data: An Application to Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 1061, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Jan 2016.
    31. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Evolution of Labor Supply and Unemployment in the Egyptian Economy: 1988-2012," Working Papers 806, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2013.
    32. Asmaa Elbadawy, 2014. "Education in Egypt: Improvements in Attainment, Problems with Quality and Inequality," Working Papers 854, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
    33. Shaimaa Yassin & Francois Langot, 2017. "Correcting Measurement Errors in Transition Models Based on Retrospective Panel Data," IRENE Working Papers 17-04, IRENE Institute of Economic Research.
    34. Nelly Elmallakh & Jackline Wahba, 2022. "Return migrants and the wage premium: does the legal status of migrants matter?," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 35(4), pages 1631-1685, October.
    35. Mahe, Clotilde, 2017. "Occupational choice of return migrants: Is there a 'Jack-of-all-trades' effect?," MERIT Working Papers 2017-039, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    36. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2017. "Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth," GLO Discussion Paper Series 110, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    37. Tasneem Amr & Ehab Elwageeh & Manabu Fujii & Mahmoud Nasr, 2025. "Developing Novel Sustainable-Based Model to Assess Cities’ Performance Using Enviro-Socio-Economic Impact Indicators: A Case Study in Egypt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-29, June.
    38. Rania Salem & Sarah Shah, 2019. "Economic rationales for kin marriage: Assessing the evidence using Egyptian panel data," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 41(19), pages 545-578.
    39. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    40. Assaad, Ragui & Aydemir, Abdurrahman B. & Dayıoğlu, Meltem & Kırdar, Murat Güray, 2026. "Wage returns to human capital resulting from an extra year of primary school: Evidence from Egypt," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    41. Yount, Kathryn M. & Crandall, AliceAnn & Cheong, Yuk Fai, 2018. "Women’s Age at First Marriage and Long-Term Economic Empowerment in Egypt," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 124-134.
    42. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    43. Marion Dovis & Patricia Augier & Clémentine Sadania, 2021. "Labor Market Shocks and Youths' Time Allocation in Egypt: Where Does Women's Empowerment Come In?," Post-Print hal-02364648, HAL.
    44. Rania Salem & Yuk Fai Cheong & Kathryn M. Yount, 2018. "Is Women’s Work a Pathway to their Agency in Rural Minya, Egypt?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 136(2), pages 807-831, April.
    45. El-Mallakh, Nelly & Wahba, Jackline, 2021. "Upward or downward: Occupational mobility and return migration," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    46. Elsayed, Ahmed & Wahba, Jackline, 2017. "Political Change and Informality: Evidence from the Arab Spring," IZA Discussion Papers 11245, IZA Network @ LISER.
    47. Sattar, Aimen & Brown, Calum & Rounsevell, Mark & Alexander, Peter, 2024. "Typology analysis of Egyptian agricultural households reveals increasing income diversification and abandonment of agricultural activities," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    48. Krafft, Caroline & Davis, Elizabeth E., 2019. "The Arab Inequality Puzzle: The Role of Income Sources in Egypt and Tunisia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 405, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    49. Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Why is Fertility on the Rise in Egypt? The Role of Women’s Employment Opportunities," Working Papers 1050, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    50. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Egypt labor market panel survey: introducing the 2012 round," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-30, December.
    51. Shaimaa Yassin, 2014. "Job Accession, Separation and Mobility in the Egyptian Labor Market Over the Past Decade," Working Papers 881, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
    52. Rim Ben Mouelhi & Mohamed Goaied, 2017. "Women in the Tunisian Labor Market," Working Papers 1160, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    53. Mohamed El Hedi Arouri & Nguyen Viet Cuong, 2016. "Does Microcredit Reduce Gender Gap in Employment? An Application of Decomposition Analysis to Egypt," Working Papers 1017, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2016.
    54. Abdelhalem Mahmoud Shahen & Mesbah Fathy Sharaf, 2025. "Job Satisfaction in Post-Arab Spring Egypt and Tunisia: Between Hope and Hardship," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, December.
    55. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh & Sami Zouari, 2017. "Estimating Poverty and Inequality in the Absence of Consumption Data: An Application to the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1100, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.
    56. Emanuela Ghignoni & Francesco Pastore, 2022. "The gender wage gap in Egypt: public versus private sector," Working Papers in Public Economics 228, Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome.
    57. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2014. "The Economics of Marriage in North Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-067, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    58. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    59. Tansel, Aysit & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2015. "Determinants of Transitions across Formal / Informal Sectors in Egypt," IZA Discussion Papers 8773, IZA Network @ LISER.
    60. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Sara Ragab, 2026. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2025," Working Papers 1822, Economic Research Forum, revised 17 Mar 2026.
    61. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Structure and Evolution of Employment in Egypt: 1998-2012," Working Papers 805, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2013.
    62. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    63. Adam Osman & Jamin D. Speer, 2025. "Are Soft Skills Enough? Experimental Evidence on Skill Complementarity for College Graduates," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 78(4), pages 692-711, August.
    64. Badran, Mona Farid, 2019. "Technological Change and its Impact on the Labor Market in Egypt," 2nd Europe – Middle East – North African Regional ITS Conference, Aswan 2019: Leveraging Technologies For Growth 201735, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    65. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    66. François Langot & Shaimaa Yassin, 2015. "Reforming Employment Protection in Egypt: An Evaluation Based on Transition Models with Measurement Errors," Working Papers 918, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2015.
    67. Ebaidalla Mahjoub Ebaidalla & Mohammed Elhaj Mustafa Ali, 2018. "Chronic Illness and Labor Market Participation in Arab Countries: Evidence from Egypt and Tunisia," Working Papers 1229, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 Oct 2018.
    68. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Comparing Retrospective and Panel Data Collection Methods to Assess Labor Market Dynamics," Working Papers 994, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.
    69. Bensassi, Sami & Jabbour, Liza, 2017. "Return Migration and Entrepreneurial Success: An Empirical Analysis for Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 98, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    70. Kasrin, Zein & Smolny, Werner, 2019. "Female Labor Market Participation and Socioeconomic Development: Disentangling the U-Shaped Hypothesis," MPRA Paper 95561, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    71. Mahé, Clothilde, 2016. "Skills and entrepreneurship: Are return migrants 'Jacks-of-all-trades'?," MERIT Working Papers 2016-071, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    72. Rana Hendy, 2015. "Women's Participation in the Egyptian Labor Market: 1998-2012," Working Papers 907, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2015.
    73. Caroline KRAFFT, 2024. "Understanding the dynamics of household enterprises in Egypt: Birth, death, growth and transformation," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 163(4), pages 599-630, December.
    74. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    75. Ghada Barsoum, 2014. "Young People’s Job Aspirations in Egypt and the Continued Preference for a Government Job," Working Papers 838, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2014.
    76. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2015. "Short and Long-Term Impacts of Emigration on Origin Households: The Case of Egypt," Working Papers 977, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2015.
    77. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    78. El-Mallakh,Nelly, 2020. "Internet Job Search, Employment, and Wage Growth : Evidence from the Arab Republic of Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9196, The World Bank.
    79. Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen AlAzzawi, 2018. "Return migration and socioeconomic mobility in MENA: Evidence from labour market panel surveys," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-35, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

  39. Assaad, Ragui, 2013. "Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism," IZA Discussion Papers 7573, IZA Network @ LISER.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Carranza, Eliana & McKenzie, David, 2023. "Job Training and Job Search Assistance Policies in Developing Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 16537, IZA Network @ LISER.
    3. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    4. Francois Langot & Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Informality, Public Employment and Employment Protection in Developing Countries," IRENE Working Papers 16-09, IRENE Institute of Economic Research.
    5. Thibault Lemaire, 2020. "Phillips in A Revolution: Unemployment and Prices in Early 21st Century Egypt," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-03948605, HAL.
    6. Ragui Assaad & Ghada Barsoum, 2019. "Public employment in the Middle East and North Africa," World of Labour, LISER, pages 463-463, August.
    7. Ketchley, Neil & Eibl, Ferdinand & Gunning, Jeroen, 2023. "Anti-austerity riots in late developing states: evidence from the 1977 Egyptian Bread Intifada," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119831, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Said Maizzou & Youness Ezzaaime, 2026. "Structural Transformation and Youth Labor Market Dynamics in Morocco: An Econometric Analysis of Employment Patterns, Gender Disparities, and Sectoral Transitions [Transformation structurelle et dynamiques du marché du travail des jeunes au Maroc ," Post-Print hal-05541828, HAL.
    9. Dawud Ansari & Mariza Montes de Oca Leon & Helen Schlüter, 2021. "What Drives Saudi Airstrikes in Yemen? An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamics of Coalition Airstrikes, Houthi Attacks, and the Oil Market," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1959, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    10. Moundir Lassassi & Aysit Tansel, 2022. "Female labor force participation in Egypt and Palestine: An age–period–cohort analysis," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 1997-2020, November.
    11. belaid, fateh & Dagher, Leila & Filis, George, 2020. "Revisiting the Resource Curse in the MENA region," MPRA Paper 116080, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Ishac Diwan & Irina Vartanova, 2017. "The Effect of Patriarchal Culture on Women’s Labor Force Participation," Working Papers 1101, Economic Research Forum, revised 06 Jan 2017.
    13. Walid Merouani & Claire El Moudden & Nacer Eddine Hammouda, 2021. "Social Security Enrollment as an Indicator of State Fragility and Legitimacy: A Field Experiment in Maghreb Countries," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-25, July.
    14. Raouf Boucekkine & Rodolphe Desbordes & Paolo Melindi-Ghidi, 2020. "Education, Neopatrimonialism and Revolutions," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2020018, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    15. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Marouani Mohamed Ali & Cheung Ruby & LaPlante Ava, 2023. "Are labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic?," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 14(1), pages 1-68, January.
    16. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2026. "Well-Being and the Authoritarian Welfare State: Sector of Employment and Human Happiness in Arab Countries," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 17-32, March.
    17. Dina Bishara, 2023. "Introduction to a Special Issue on Labor in the Middle East and North Africa: Precarity, Inequality, and Migration," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 627-645, August.
    18. Lassassi, Moundir & Tansel, Aysit, 2020. "Female Labor Force Participation in Five Selected Mena Countries: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine and Tunisia)," MPRA Paper 103774, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    20. Ragui Assaad & Rana Hendy & Moundir Lassassi & Shaimaa Yassin, 2020. "Explaining the MENA paradox: Rising educational attainment yet stagnant female labor force participation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 43(28), pages 817-850.
    21. Ansari, Dawud, 2016. "Resource curse contagion in the case of Yemen," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 49, pages 444-454.
    22. Fatih Kırsanli, 2023. "Crony Capitalism and Corruption in the Middle East and North Africa," Journal of Economy Culture and Society, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 68(68), pages 9-19, December.
    23. Brockmeyer, Anne & Khatrouch, Maha & Raballand, Gael, 2015. "Public sector size and performance management : a case-study of post-revolution Tunisia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7159, The World Bank.
    24. Shahen, Mostafa E. & Kotani, Koji & Kakinaka, Makoto & Managi, Shunsuke, 2020. "Wage and labor mobility between public, formal private and informal private sectors in a developing country," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 101-113.
    25. Doruka, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2022. "Getting stuck in the status quo ante: Evidence from the Egyptian Economy," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1018, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    26. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    27. Hertog, Steffen, 2025. "When rentier patronage breaks down: the politics of citizen outsiders on Gulf oil states’ labour markets," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126346, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    28. Ragui Assaad & Miquel Pellicer & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2002. "Grievances or Skills? The Effect of Education on Youth Attitudes and Political Participation in Egypt and Tunisia," Working Papers 1103, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jun 2002.
    29. Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2020. "Vulnerable employment of Egyptian, Jordanian, and Tunisian youth: Trends and determinants," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-166, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    30. Reham Rizk & Ronia Hawash, 2020. "Education Gap and Youth: A Growing Challenge in the MENA Region," LIS Working papers 790, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    31. Bishara, Dina & Jurkovich, Michelle & Berman, Chantal, 2023. "Citizens’ understanding of the social contract: Lessons from Tunisia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    32. Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Constructing Labor Market Transitions Recall Weights in Retrospective Data: An Application to Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 1061, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Jan 2016.
    33. Ansari, Dawud & Holz, Franziska, 2020. "Between stranded assets and green transformation: Fossil-fuel-producing developing countries towards 2055," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 130, pages 1-1.
    34. Pascal L. Ghazalian, 2022. "The effects of the Arab Spring on female labour force participation in the MENA region," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(4), pages 869-900, October.
    35. Lamia E. Kandil, 2015. "Disentangling qualitative and quantitative central bank influence," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2015-02, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    36. Amirah El-Haddad, 2016. "Government Intervention with No Structural Transformation: The Challenges of Egyptian Industrial Policy in Comparative Perspective (ARABIC)," Working Papers 1038, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2016.
    37. Feng, Guohua & Gao, Jiti & Peng, Bin, 2022. "An integrated panel data approach to modelling economic growth," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 228(2), pages 379-397.
    38. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    39. Tansel, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2020. "Public-private sector wage gap by gender in Egypt: Evidence from quantile regression on panel data, 1998–2018," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    40. Ansari, Dawud, 2017. "OPEC, Saudi Arabia, and the shale revolution: Insights from equilibrium modelling and oil politics," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 166-178.
    41. Hertog, Steffen, 2020. "Segmented market economies in the Arab world: the political economy of insider-outsider divisions," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103677, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    42. Hanane Elzeiny & Wessam Khedr, 2025. "Understanding Self-Perceived Employability within National and International Higher Education Contexts: University of Poitiers in Egypt as a Model," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 20(4), pages 122-122, August.
    43. Moundir Lassassi & Aysit Tansel, 2020. "Female labor force participation in five selected MENA countries: An age-period-cohort analysis," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 2018, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
    44. Ishac Diwan & Jeni Klugman, 2016. "Patterns of Veiling Among Muslim Women," Working Papers 995, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.
    45. Maurice CATIN & El Mouhoub MOUHOUD, 2013. "Introduction - Productivité Et Capital Humain Dans Les Pays Du Sud De La Méditerranée," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 37, pages 5-9.
    46. Ralitza DIMOVA & Karim STEPHAN, 2020. "Inequality of opportunity and (unequal) opportunities in the youth labour market: How is the Arab world different?," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 159(2), pages 217-242, June.
    47. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2017. "Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-28, December.
    48. Amr Abdelwahed & Anne Goujon & Leiwen Jiang, 2020. "The Migration Intentions of Young Egyptians," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-38, November.
    49. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Egypt labor market panel survey: introducing the 2012 round," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-30, December.
    50. Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2022. "A Tale of Parallel Processes of Gender (In-)Equality: How Big is the Glass Ceilings for Mena Women?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1062, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    51. Alfani,Federica & Pallante,Giacomo & Palma,Alessandro & Talhaoui,Abdelkader, 2024. "When the Rain Stops Falling : Effects of Droughts on the Tunisian Labor Market," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10766, The World Bank.
    52. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2024. "Public-private Job Satisfaction Differential: The Case of Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1125-1146, December.
    53. El-Haddad, Amirah & Krafft, Caroline & Selwaness, Irene & Assaad, Ragui, 2026. "Formal and Informal Labor Demand in Egyptian Manufacturing Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 18500, IZA Network @ LISER.
    54. Pellicer, Miquel, 2018. "The evolution of returns to education in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from comparable education policy changes in Tunisia," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 183-191.
    55. Elham Taheri & Fatma Güven Lisaniler & Cem Payaslioğlu, 2021. "Female Labour Force Participation: What Prevents Sustainable Development Goals from Being Realised in Iran?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
    56. Lamia Kandil, 2015. "Glass ceiling and belief flipping : theory and evidence from Egypt," Working Papers hal-03607676, HAL.
    57. Neil Ketchley & Ferdinand Eibl & Jeroen Gunning, 2024. "Anti-austerity riots in late developing states: Evidence from the 1977 Egyptian Bread Intifada," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 61(6), pages 952-966, November.
    58. Krafft, Caroline, 2026. "Why are women's employment rates declining in Egypt?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1719, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    59. Lamia Kandil, 2015. "Glass ceiling and belief flipping : theory and evidence from Egypt," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03607676, HAL.
    60. Ragui Assaad & Mohamed Saleh, 2018. "Does Improved Local Supply of Schooling Enhance Intergenerational Mobility in Education? Evidence from Jordan," Post-Print hal-04449532, HAL.
    61. Raouf Boucekkine & Rodolphe Desbordes & Paolo Melindi-Ghidi, 2023. "Elite-led revolutions," AMSE Working Papers 2319, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    62. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Irene Selwaness, 2017. "The Impact of Early Marriage on Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1086, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.
    63. Selwaness, Irène & Zaki, Chahir, 2019. "On the interaction between exports and labor market regulation: Evidence from the MENA countries," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 24-33.
    64. Deng,Jingyuan & Elmallakh,Nelly Youssef Louis William & Flabbi,Luca & Gatti,Roberta V., 2022. "Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10126, The World Bank.
    65. Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2025. "Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023," Working Papers 1773, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Feb 2025.
    66. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2015. "Short and Long-Term Impacts of Emigration on Origin Households: The Case of Egypt," Working Papers 977, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2015.
    67. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    68. Majbouri, Mahdi, 2025. "Preferences and the Puzzle of Female Labor Force Participation," IZA Discussion Papers 17952, IZA Network @ LISER.
    69. Pieters, Janneke, 2013. "Youth Employment in Developing Countries," IZA Research Reports 58, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    70. Mohamed Amara & Wajih Khallouli & Faicel Zidi, 2024. "Public–private wage differentials in Tunisia: Consistency and decomposition," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 38(3), pages 295-330, September.
    71. Maye Ehab & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Working Conditions in the Paid Care Economy in Egypt: Improvement or Deterioration?," Working Papers 1657, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Nov 2023.
    72. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2016. "Determinants of Emigration: Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 987, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.

  40. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Nadia Belhaj Hassine & Djavad Salehi-Isfahan, 2012. "Inequality of Opportunity in Child Health in the Arab World and Turkey," Working Papers 665, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.

    Cited by:

    1. Anis Saidi & Mekki Hamdaoui & Wajdi Moussa, 2021. "Assessing Policy Effectiveness in Reducing Inequality of Opportunity in Access to Public Services and Education Among Tunisian Children," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 12(3), pages 993-1018, September.
    2. Touhami Abdelkhalek & Moundir Lassassi, 2018. "Inequality of Opportunity in Early Childhood Development in Algeria Over Time," Working Papers 1254, Economic Research Forum, revised 15 Nov 2018.
    3. Ebaidalla M. Ebaidalla, 2023. "Inequality of Opportunity in Child Health in Sudan: Across-Region Study," Journal of Economic Development, The Economic Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, vol. 48(1), pages 59-83.
    4. Aysit Tansel, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunities of Educational Achievement in Turkey over Time," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 1506, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
    5. Ebaidalla M. Ebaidalla, 2019. "Inequality of opportunity in child health in Sudan: Across-region study," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-86, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    6. Caroline Krafft, 2022. "The determinants of inequality in child nutrition status: Evidence from Jordan," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 112-132, February.
    7. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    8. Deniz Karaoğlan & Dürdane Şirin Saraçoğlu, 2018. "Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Early Childhood Health: the Case of Turkey," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 11(3), pages 1051-1075, June.
    9. Mohamed Amara & Hatem Jemmali, 2018. "Do Tunisian Young Children Have Equal Chances in Access to Basic Services? A Special Focus on Opportunities in Healthcare and Nutrition," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 11(2), pages 383-403, April.
    10. Deniz Karaoglan & Serap Sagir & Meltem Dayioglu & Durdane Sirin Saracoglu, 2023. "The Impact Of Maternal Education On Early Childhood Development: The Case Of Turkey," ERC Working Papers 2303, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised Jul 2023.
    11. Ahmed Galal & Hoda Selim, 2013. "The Elusive Quest For Economic Development In The Arab Countries," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(01), pages 1-33.
    12. David Pérez-Mesa & Gustavo A. Marrero & Sara Darias-Curvo, 2023. "Decomposing changes in child health inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: new approach and new evidence," Working Papers 645, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    13. David Pérez-Mesa & Gustavo A. Marrero & Sara Darias-Curvo, 2020. "Child health inequality and opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers 557, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    14. Sirin Saracoglu & Deniz KARAOĞLAN**, 2017. "Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Early Childhood Health: The Case Of Turkey," EcoMod2017 10749, EcoMod.
    15. Andrea Salas‐Ortiz & Andrew M. Jones, 2024. "Inequality of opportunity in the double burden of malnutrition in Mexico," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(10), pages 2342-2380, October.
    16. Adiah, George Adayi-Nwoza, 2014. "Inequality of Opportunity and Children’s Educational and Health Outcomes in Ghana," Miscellaneous Publications 358830, University of Ghana, Institute of Statistical Social & Economic Research (ISSER).
    17. Hatem Jemmali, 2019. "Inequality of Opportunities among Tunisian Children over Time and Space," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(1), pages 213-234, February.
    18. Mohamed Amara & Hatem Jemmali, 2017. "On the Decomposition and Dynamics of Inequality of Opportunities: A Special Focus on Early Childhood Health and Nutrition in Tunisia," Working Papers 1093, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 Nov 2017.
    19. Deniz Karaoglan & Serap Sagir & Meltem Dayioglu & Durdane Sirin Saracoglu, 2023. "The Impact of Maternal Education on Early Childhood Development: The Case of Turkey," Working Papers 2023-02, Gebze Technical University, Department of Economics.
    20. Magda Kandil & Nazire Nergiz Dincer, 2007. "A Comparative Analysis of Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Economic Activity: The Cases of Egypt and Turkey," Working Papers 722, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jan 2007.
    21. Shyamkumar Sriram & Lubna Naz, 2025. "Inequality of opportunity in child nutrition in Pakistan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(2), pages 1-19, February.
    22. Mesbah Sharaf & Ahmed Rashad & El-Hussien Ibrahim Mansour, 2019. "Son preference and child under nutrition in the Arab countries: is there a gender bias against girls?," Working Papers 1309, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Aug 2019.
    23. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    24. Deniz Karaoğlan & Meltem Dayioğlu & Dürdane Şirin Saraçoğlu & Serap Sağir, 2024. "Unlevel Playing Field: Socioeconomic Determinants of Early Childhood Development in Turkiye," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 17(4), pages 1741-1770, August.
    25. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Nadia Hassine & Ragui Assaad, 2014. "Equality of opportunity in educational achievement in the Middle East and North Africa," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(4), pages 489-515, December.
    26. Pérez-Mesa, David & Marrero, Gustavo A. & Darias-Curvo, Sara, 2021. "Child health inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper 108801, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    27. Hassine, Nadia Belhaj, 2014. "Economic inequality in the Arab region," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6911, The World Bank.
    28. Hatem Jemmali, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunities among Tunisian Children over Time and Space," Working Papers 1048, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    29. Deniz Karaoğlan & Dürdane Şirin Saracoğlu, 2016. "Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Early Childhood Health: The Case of Turkey," ERC Working Papers 1614, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised 2016.
    30. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Nadia Belhaj Hassine & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2012. "Inequality Of Opportunity In Child Health In The Arab World And Turkey," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(02), pages 1-37.
    31. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    32. Saidi Anis (a) , Hamdaoui Mekki (b) and Ochi Anis (b), 2021. "Inequality of Opportunity and Degree of Human Development: Evidence from Tunisia," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 46(1), pages 107-137, March.
    33. Wonyra, Kwami Ossadzifo & Sanoussi, Yacobou & Sy, Ibrahima & Lanie, Tomgouani, 2021. "Inequalities of opportunity in the access and use of telecommunication services in Togo," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(5).
    34. Caroline Krafft, 2015. "The Determinants of Child Health Disparities in Jordan," Working Papers 950, Economic Research Forum, revised Sep 2015.
    35. Caroline Krafft & Safaa El-Kogali, 2014. "Inequalities in Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 856, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.

  41. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Nadia Belhaj Hassine & Ragui Assaad, 2012. "Equality of Opportunity in Educational Achievement in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 689, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Mahdi Majbouri & Sanaz Fesharaki, 2019. "Iran’s Multi-ethnic Mosaic: A 23-Year Perspective," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 145(3), pages 831-859, October.
    3. Amal Jmaii & Damien Rousselière & Christophe Daniel, 2017. "Semi†parametric Regression†based Decomposition Methods: Evidence from Regional Inequality in Tunisia," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 29(4), pages 660-673, December.
    4. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    5. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2013. "Rethinking Human Development in the Middle East and North Africa: The Missing Dimensions," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 341-370, August.
    6. Caroline Krafft, 2022. "The determinants of inequality in child nutrition status: Evidence from Jordan," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 112-132, February.
    7. Driouchi, Ahmed & Harkat, Tahar, 2016. "Macroeconomic and School Variables to Reveal Country Choices of General and Vocational Education: A Cross-Country Analysis with focus on Arab Economies," MPRA Paper 73455, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Qiuchuan Jiang & Weiwei Zhao & Kun Zhang, 2026. "Inequality of opportunity in educational achievement in China: a machine learning approach," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 70(3), pages 1-37, March.
    9. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    10. Gustavo A. Marrero & Juan C. Palomino & Gabriela Sicilia, 2022. "Inequality of Opportunity in Educational Achievement in Western Europe: contributors and channels," Working Papers 612, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    11. Reham Rizk & Ronia Hawash, 2020. "Education Gap and Youth: A Growing Challenge in the MENA Region," LIS Working papers 790, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    12. Hassine, Nadia Belhaj, 2015. "Economic Inequality in the Arab Region," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 532-556.
    13. Daniel Ruiqi Wang & David P Hajjar & Curtis L Cole, 2020. "International Partnerships for the Development of STEM and Medical Education of Middle Eastern Women," International Journal of Higher Education, Sciedu Press, vol. 9(2), pages 1-1, April.
    14. Racha Ramadan & Vladimir Hlasny & Vito Intini, 2016. "Inequality Decomposition in the Arab Region: Application to Jordan, Egypt, Palestine and Tunisia," Working Papers 1016, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2016.
    15. Patrizia Luongo, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in Educational Achievements: Cross-country and Intertemporal Comparisons," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2015-043, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    16. Hatem Jemmali, 2019. "Inequality of Opportunities among Tunisian Children over Time and Space," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(1), pages 213-234, February.
    17. Anis Ochi & Yosra Saidi, 2022. "Do Tunisian Children Have an Equal Chance to Access to School 8 Years After Revolution?," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(3), pages 2007-2029, September.
    18. Asadullah, M. Niaz & Trannoy, Alain & Tubeuf, Sandy & Yalonetzky, Gaston, 2021. "Measuring educational inequality of opportunity: pupil’s effort matters," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    19. Flaviana Palmisano & Vito Peragine & Federico Biagi, 2019. "Inequality of opportunity in tertiary education in Europe," JRC Research Reports JRC118543, Joint Research Centre.
    20. Moeeni, Safoura, 2021. "The intergenerational effects of economic sanctions," CLEF Working Paper Series 33, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), University of Waterloo.
    21. Tzannatos, Zafiris & Saif, Ibrahim, 2023. "Assessing the Sustainability of Jordan’s Public Debt," FDL Policy Notes 2308, CEPREMAP.
    22. Driouchi, Ahmed & Harkat, Tahar, 2017. "An Empirical Descriptive Analysis of the Factors underlying the Role of Younger Generations in Economic, Social & Political Changes in Arab Countries," MPRA Paper 77216, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Flaviana Palmisano & Federico Biagi & Vito Peragine, 2022. "Inequality of Opportunity in Tertiary Education: Evidence from Europe," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 63(3), pages 514-565, May.
    24. Mesbah Sharaf & Ahmed Rashad & El-Hussien Ibrahim Mansour, 2019. "Son preference and child under nutrition in the Arab countries: is there a gender bias against girls?," Working Papers 1309, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Aug 2019.
    25. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    26. Shahid Yusuf, 2014. "Middle East Transitions: A Long, Hard Road," IMF Working Papers 2014/135, International Monetary Fund.
    27. Ralitza DIMOVA & Karim STEPHAN, 2020. "Inequality of opportunity and (unequal) opportunities in the youth labour market: How is the Arab world different?," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 159(2), pages 217-242, June.
    28. Tista Kundu & Arnaud Lefranc, 2020. "Inequality of Opportunity in Indian Society," CSH-IFP Working Papers 0014, Centre de Sciences Humaines, New Delhi, revised May 2020.
    29. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Nadia Hassine & Ragui Assaad, 2014. "Equality of opportunity in educational achievement in the Middle East and North Africa," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(4), pages 489-515, December.
    30. Barry Watson & Nancy Kong & Shelley Phipps & Angela Daley, 2025. "Dreaming of a Brighter Future? The Impact of Economic Circumstances on University Aspirations," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 180(1), pages 383-410, October.
    31. Mallick, Debdulal & Khalil, Islam & Nicholas, Aaron, 2023. "Does Less Education Harm Health? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in a Developing Country," MPRA Paper 116184, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    32. Hassine, Nadia Belhaj, 2014. "Economic inequality in the Arab region," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6911, The World Bank.
    33. Sarmiento Espinel, Jaime Andrés & Silva Arias, Adriana Carolina & van Gameren, Edwin, 2019. "Evolution of the inequality of educational opportunities from secondary education to university," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 193-202.
    34. Racha Ramadan & Vladimir Hlasny & Vito Intini, 2018. "Inter‐Group Expenditure Gaps In The Arab Region And Their Determinants: Application To Egypt, Jordan, Palestine And Tunisia," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 64(s1), pages 145-188, October.
    35. Assaad, Ragui & Hendy, Rana & Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad, 2019. "Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from household surveys," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 24-43.
    36. Monserrat Serio, 2021. "Desempeño educativo de los estudiantes en Argentina: Una mirada a la desigualdad de oportunidades del sistema educativo a partir de su medición y descomposición," Working Papers 86, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE).
    37. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    38. Carr, Olivia G. & Jilani-Hyler, Nadia & Murray, Gregg R., 2022. "Identifying factors related to school closures due to COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa region," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    39. Driouchi, Ahmed & Gamar, Alae, 2016. "The Gap between Educational & Social Intergenerational Mobility in Arab Countries," MPRA Paper 73998, University Library of Munich, Germany.

  42. Ragui Assaad, 2012. "The Structure and Evolution of Employment in Jordan," Working Papers 674, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.

    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Adair & Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2024. "Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 53(2), July.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Eslam Badawy & Caroline Krafft, 2014. "Differences in Pedagogy, Accountability, and Perceptions of Quality by Type of Higher Education in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 828, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.
    3. Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen Al Azzawi, 2018. "Asset Inequality in MENA: The Missing Dimension?," Working Papers 1177, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 Apr 2008.
    4. Anda David & Mohamed Ali Marouani, 2013. "The Labor Mobility-Employment Nexus: A General Equilibrium Analysis for Jordan," Working Papers 824, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2013.
    5. Ragui Assaad, 2007. "Labor Supply, Employment And Unemployment in the Egyptian Economy, 1988-2006," Working Papers 701, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jan 2007.
    6. Hlasny, Vladimir & Alazzawi, Shireen, 2022. "Socioeconomic Mobility of Return Migrants: Evidence from Jordanian Labor Market Surveys," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 56(3), pages 145-164.
    7. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2014. "Does the Type of Higher Education Affect Labor Market Outcomes? A Comparison of Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 826, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.
    8. Rim Ben Mouelhi & Mohamed Goaied, 2017. "Women in the Tunisian Labor Market," Working Papers 1160, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    9. Aysit Tansel & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2014. "Determinant of Transitions Across Formal/Informal Sectors in Egypt," Working Papers 899, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2014.
    10. Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen AlAzzawi, 2018. "Return migration and socioeconomic mobility in MENA: Evidence from labour market panel surveys," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-35, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    11. Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen AlAzzawi, 2020. "Return Migration and Earnings Mobility in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 562, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.

  43. Binzel, Christine & Assaad, Ragui, 2011. "Egyptian Men Working Abroad: Labor Supply Responses by the Women Left Behind," IZA Discussion Papers 5589, IZA Network @ LISER.

    Cited by:

    1. Marup Hossain & Conner Mullally & Gulcan Onel, 2024. "Migration and economic activity at origin: the role of female household headship in rural Bangladesh," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 66(4), pages 1757-1818, April.
    2. Ghazi Ibrahim Al-Assaf, 2016. "Do International Remittances Affect the Performance of Labor Market in Jordan? An Impirical Investigation," Working Papers 1014, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2016.
    3. Phanwin Yokying & Sumeet Saksena & Jefferson Fox, 2023. "Impacts of migration on time allocation of those who remain at home in rural Nepal," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(7), pages 2067-2106, October.
    4. Nandi, Tushar Kanti & Kar, Saibal, 2015. "Short-term Migration and Intergenerational Persistence of Industry in Rural India," IZA Discussion Papers 9283, IZA Network @ LISER.
    5. Sweta Lahiri, 2020. "Impact of internal migration on left behind youth's labour force participation in India," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(3), pages 2165-2178.
    6. Fatma MABROUK & Jacob ODUOR & Abebe SHIMELES, 2015. "Remittances and Youth Labor Market Participation in Africa," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2015-32, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    7. Jackline Wahba, 2014. "Through the Keyhole: International Migration in Egypt," Working Papers 830, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2014.
    8. Marjan Petreski & Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski & Maja Ristovska & Edi Smokvarski, 2014. "Youth Self-Employment in Households Receiving Remittances in Macedonia," Working Papers PMMA 2014-08, PEP-PMMA.
    9. Jackline Wahba, 2015. "Selection, selection, selection: the impact of return migration," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 28(3), pages 535-563, July.
    10. Antman, Francisca M., 2018. "Women and Migration," IZA Discussion Papers 11282, IZA Network @ LISER.
    11. Anda DAVID & Audrey LENOEL, 2017. "International emigration and labour market outcomes of women staying behind: the case of Morocco," Working Paper f7f57256-7aaf-4dc5-9840-b, Agence française de développement.
    12. Nelly EL MALLAKH & Mathilde MAUREL & Biagio SPECIALE, 2014. "Women and political change: Evidence from the Egyptian revolution," Working Papers P116, FERDI.
    13. Peeters, Marga, 2011. "Demographic pressure, excess labour supply and public-private sector employment in Egypt - Modelling labour supply to analyse the response of unemployment, public finances and welfare," MPRA Paper 31101, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Markus Frölich & Martin Huber, 2014. "Direct and indirect treatment effects: causal chains and mediation analysis with instrumental variables," CeMMAP working papers 31/14, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
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    49. Göbel, Kristin, 2012. "Remittances and Gender-Speci fic Employment Patterns in Peru - a longitudinal Analysis," VfS Annual Conference 2012 (Goettingen): New Approaches and Challenges for the Labor Market of the 21st Century 65409, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    50. Kamalbek Karymshakov & Burulcha Sulaimanova, 2017. "Migration impact on left-behind women's labour participation and time-use: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-119, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
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    61. Laurent Bossavie & Daniel Garrote Sánchez & Mattia Makovec, 2024. "The Journey Ahead," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 42224.
    62. Zhu, Zhen & Zhou, Jun & Li, Bowei & Shen, Yueqin & Zhang, Yaoqi, 2020. "How feminization of forest management drives households' adoption of technologies: Evidence from non-timber forest products operations in China," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
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    70. Veronique Alary & Bruno Romagny & Dina Najjar & Mohammed Aderghal & Jean-Yves Moisseron, 2025. "The Capacity of a Household Farming System with Women’s Decision and Action-Making Power: Rural Marginal Areas in Morocco," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
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    74. Grenet, Julien & Grönqvist, Hans & Niknami, Susan, 2025. "The effects of electronic monitoring on offenders and their families," Working Paper Series 2025:12, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
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  44. Christine Binzel & Ragui Assaad, 2009. "The Impact of International Migration and Remittances on the Labor-Supply Behavior of Those Left behind: Evidence from Egypt," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 954, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.

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    1. Francesca Marchetta, 2012. "The Impact Of Migration On The Labor Markets In The Arab Mediterranean Countries," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(01), pages 1-47.
    2. Herrera, Santiago & Badr, Karim, 2011. "Why does the productivity of education vary across individuals in Egypt ? firm size, gender, and access to technology as sources of heterogeneity in returns to education," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5740, The World Bank.
    3. M. Imran Khan & Valatheeswaran C., 2016. "International Migration, Remittances and Labour Force Participation of Left-behind Family Members: A Study of Kerala," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 10(1), pages 86-118, February.
    4. Santiago Herrera & Hoda Selim & Hoda Youssef & Chahir Zaki, 2011. "Egypt beyond the Crisis: Medium-Term Challenges for Sustained Growth," Working Papers 625, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2011.
    5. Santiago Herrera & Karim Badr, 2013. "Heterogeneity In Returns To Investment In Education In Egypt," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(03), pages 1-43.

  45. Ragui Assaad, 2007. "Labor Supply, Employment And Unemployment in the Egyptian Economy, 1988-2006," Working Papers 701, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jan 2007.

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    1. Zaki, Chahir & Selwaness, Irène, 2012. "Assessing the Impact of Trade Reforms on Informality in Egypt," Conference papers 332191, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.

  46. Asmaa Elbadawy & Ragui Assaad & Dennis Ahlburg & Deborah Levison, 2004. "Private and Group Tutoring in Egypt: Where is the Gender Inequality?," Working Papers 0429, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Nov 2004.

    Cited by:

    1. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Sara Taghvatalab, 2017. "Education and the Allocation of Time of Married Women in Iran," Working Papers 1114, Economic Research Forum, revised 06 2003.
    2. Tansel, Aysit, 2013. "Supplementary Education in Turkey: Recent Developments and Future Prospects," MPRA Paper 50213, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Asmaa Elbadawy, 2013. "The Effect of Tutoring on Secondary Streaming in Egypt," Working Papers 769, Economic Research Forum, revised Sep 2013.
    4. Aysit Tansel & Fatma Bircan, 2008. "Private Supplementary Tutoring in Turkey Recent Evidence on Its Various Aspects," ERC Working Papers 0802, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised Apr 2008.
    5. Asmaa Elbadawy, 2014. "Education in Egypt: Improvements in Attainment, Problems with Quality and Inequality," Working Papers 854, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
    6. Ragui Assaad & Deborah Levison & Nadia Zibani, 2010. "The Effect of Domestic Work on Girls' Schooling: Evidence from Egypt," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 79-128.
    7. Kim, Edward & Goodman, Joshua & West, Martin R., 2024. "Kumon In: The Recent, Rapid Rise of Private Tutoring Centers," IZA Discussion Papers 17178, IZA Network @ LISER.
    8. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Nadia Belhaj Hassine & Ragui Assaad, 2012. "Equality of Opportunity in Educational Achievement in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 689, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.
    9. Ankush Agrawal & Parul Gupta & Debasis Mondal, 2024. "Determinants of Private Tutoring Demand in Rural India," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(1), pages 83-107, January.
    10. Sieverding, Maia & Krafft, Caroline & Elbadawy, Asmaa, 2017. "“The Teacher Does Not Explain in Class”: An Exploration of the Drivers of Private Tutoring in Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 135, Global Labor Organization (GLO).

  47. Ragui Assaad & Miquel Pellicer & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2002. "Grievances or Skills? The Effect of Education on Youth Attitudes and Political Participation in Egypt and Tunisia," Working Papers 1103, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jun 2002.

    Cited by:

    1. Pellicer, Miquel, 2018. "The evolution of returns to education in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from comparable education policy changes in Tunisia," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 183-191.

  48. Ragui Assaad & Deborah Levison & Nadia Zibani, 2001. "The Effect of Child Work on School Enrollment in Egypt," Working Papers 0111, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Dec 2001.

    Cited by:

    1. Meltem Dayioğlu, 2005. "Patterns of Change in Child Labour and Schooling in Turkey: The Impact of Compulsory Schooling," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 195-210.
    2. Moussa Keita, 2014. "Pauvreté et arbitrage entre scolarisation et travail des enfants au Mali," Working Papers halshs-01064821, HAL.
    3. Meltem Dayioglu & Ragui Assaad, 2003. "The Determinants of Child Labor in Urban Turkey," Working Papers 0302, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Feb 2003.

  49. Ahmed, Akhter U. & Assaad, Ragu & El-Hamidi, Fatma, 2000. "The determinants of employment status in Egypt," FCND briefs 88, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

    Cited by:

    1. Peeters, Marga, 2011. "Demographic pressure, excess labour supply and public-private sector employment in Egypt - Modelling labour supply to analyse the response of unemployment, public finances and welfare," MPRA Paper 31101, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Hanan Nazier, 2019. "Estimating Labor Demand Elasticities and Elasticities of Substitution in Egyptian Manufacturing Sector: A Firm-Level Static Analysis," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 62(4), pages 549-575, December.
    3. Lapenu, Cécile, 2000. "The role of the state in promoting microfinance institutions," FCND discussion papers 89, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    4. Marga Peeters, 2011. "Modelling unemployment in the presence of excess labour supply," Journal of Economics and Econometrics, Economics and Econometrics Society, vol. 54(2), pages 58-92.
    5. Farrukh Bashir & Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad & Tehmina Hidayat, 2013. "Causes of Unemployment Among Highly Educated Women in Pakistan: A Case Study Of Bahawalnagar District," Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 1(1), pages 1-10, June.
    6. Imelda Flores Vazquez, 2014. "Equilibrium unemployment in the presence of different skill levels in two different regions: Mexico versus Egypt," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 121-131, October.
    7. Haddad, Lawrence J. & Ahmed, Akhter U., 2002. "Avoiding chronic and transitory poverty: evidence from Egypt, 1997-1999," FCND discussion papers 133, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    8. Ministry of Planning of the Arab Repubic of Egypt & World Bank, 2004. "A Poverty Reduction Strategy for Egypt," World Bank Publications - Reports 15713, The World Bank Group.
    9. Nazier, Hanan & Ezzat, Asmaa, 2022. "Gender differences and time allocation: A comparative analysis of Egypt and Tunisia," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 174-193.
    10. Wamuthenya, W.R., 2010. "To what extent can disparities in compositional and structural factors account for the gender gap in unemployment in the urban areas of Kenya?," ISS Working Papers - General Series 19752, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam (ISS), The Hague.
    11. Somaya Ahmed Aly Abdel-Mowla, 2012. "Females’ Off-the-Job Search Methods in Egypt: Formal versus Informal Search Methods," Jindal Journal of Business Research, , vol. 1(1), pages 21-42, June.
    12. Hanan Nazier, 2018. "Female Labor in Egyptian Manufacturing Sector: The Demand Side Story," Working Papers 1240, Economic Research Forum, revised 15 Oct 2018.
    13. Kirimi, Lilian & Sindi, Kirimi, 2006. "A Duration Analysis of Poverty Transitions in Rural Kenya," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21475, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    14. Haddad, Lawrence & Ahmed, Akhter, 2003. "Chronic and Transitory Poverty: Evidence from Egypt, 1997-99," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 71-85, January.

  50. Ragui Assaad & Insan Tunali, 2000. "Wage Formation and Recurrent Unemployment," Econometric Society World Congress 2000 Contributed Papers 1623, Econometric Society.

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    1. Emilia Del Bono & Andrea Weber, 2008. "Do Wages Compensate for Anticipated Working Time Restrictions? Evidence from Seasonal Employment in Austria," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 26(1), pages 181-221.
    2. Colin P. Green & John S. Heywood, 2011. "Flexible Contracts And Subjective Well‐Being," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 49(3), pages 716-729, July.
    3. Wolfgang Nagl, 2014. "Better Safe than Sorry? The Effects of Income Risk and Unemployment Risk on Wages," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 28(3), pages 251-268, September.
    4. Wolfgang Nagl, 2014. "Lohnrisiko und Altersarmut im Sozialstaat," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 54, September.
    5. Keith A. Bender & Hosne Mridha, 2011. "The Effect of Local Area Unemployment on Compensating Wage Differentials for Injury Risk," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 78(2), pages 287-307, October.

  51. Assaad, R. & Tunali, I., 1997. "Wage Formation in the Construction Sector in Egypt," Papers 1997/28, Koc University.

    Cited by:

    1. Ragui Assaad & Insan Tunali, 2000. "Wage Formation and Recurrent Unemployment," Working Papers 2016, Economic Research Forum, revised 06 Aug 2000.

  52. Ragui Assaad, 1997. "An Analysis of Compensation Programs for Redundant Workers in Egyptian Public Enterprise," Working Papers 9701, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Feb 1997.

    Cited by:

    1. Mona Said, 2003. "The Distribution of Gender and Public Sector Pay Premia: Evidence from the Egyptian Organised Sector," Working Papers 132, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.

  53. Ragui Assaad, 1995. "The Effects of Public Sector Hiring and Compensation Policies on the Egyptian Labor Market," Working Papers 9517, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Oct 1995.

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    1. Indranil Bose & R. K. Mudgal, 2016. "Impact of Globalization on Job-Abolition and Job-Creation in Recent Times: A Brief Research Overview," Journal of Applied Management and Investments, Department of Business Administration and Corporate Security, International Humanitarian University, vol. 5(4), pages 223-228, November.
    2. Imed Limam & Abdelwahab Ben Hafaiedh, 2017. "Education, Earnings and Returns to Schooling in Tunisia," Working Papers 1162, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2017.
    3. May Gadallah & Maia Sieverding & Rania Roushdy, 2017. "The Effect of Mothers’ Employment on Youth Gender Role Attitudes: Evidence From Egypt," Working Papers 1125, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Oct 2017.
    4. Maia Sieverding, 2015. "Intergenerational Mobility in Women's Employment Outcomes in Egypt," Working Papers 978, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2015.
    5. Arzu Yavuz, 2011. "Productivity and Wage Differentials between Private and Public Sector in the Developing Countries (Gelismekte Olan lkelerde zel ve Kamu Sekt r ndeki Verimlilik ve cret Farklilasmasi)," Working Papers 1103, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
    6. Biltagy, Marwa, 2019. "Gender wage disparities in Egypt: Evidence from ELMPS 2006 and 2012," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 14-23.
    7. Aysit Tansel & Halil Ibrahim Keskin & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2018. "Public Versus Private Sector Wage Gap in Egypt: Evidence from Quantile Regression on Panel Data," Working Papers 1265, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 Dec 2018.
    8. Jackline Wahba, 2015. "Selection, selection, selection: the impact of return migration," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 28(3), pages 535-563, July.
    9. TANSEL, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2015. "Is There an Informal Employment Wage Penalty in Egypt?," MPRA Paper 67051, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Yusuke Kawamura, 2022. "Public Sector Employment as a Social Welfare Policy: The “Social Contract†and Failed Job Creation for Youth in Egypt," Contemporary Review of the Middle East, , vol. 9(1), pages 31-50, March.
    11. Martin Godfrey, 2003. "Youth employment policy in developing and transition countries - preventionas well as cure," The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper Series 27875, The World Bank.
    12. Rama,Martin G., 2003. "Globalization and workers in developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2958, The World Bank.
    13. Antoninis, Manos, 2006. "The wage effects from the use of personal contacts as hiring channels," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 133-146, January.
    14. Tansel, Aysit, 1999. "Public-Private Employment Choice, Wage Differentials and Gender in Turkey," Center Discussion Papers 28377, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
    15. Agenor, Pierre-Richard & Nabli, Mustapha K. & Yousef, Tarik & Jensen, Henning Tarp, 2007. "Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 277-309.
    16. Peeters, Marga, 2011. "Demographic pressure, excess labour supply and public-private sector employment in Egypt - Modelling labour supply to analyse the response of unemployment, public finances and welfare," MPRA Paper 31101, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Maia Sieverding, 2016. "Youth Perspectives on Social Insurance in Egypt: Qualitative Insights on the Gap between Legal and Effective Coverage," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 34(6), pages 851-867, November.
    18. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2026. "Well-Being and the Authoritarian Welfare State: Sector of Employment and Human Happiness in Arab Countries," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 17-32, March.
    19. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    20. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Do More Productive Firms Pay Workers More? Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 1222, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    21. Kemper, Johanna & Renold, Ursula, 2024. "Evaluating the impact of general versus vocational education on labor market outcomes in Egypt by means of a regression discontinuity design," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    22. Dozie Okoye, 2016. "Appropriate Technology And Income Differences," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 57(3), pages 955-996, August.
    23. Mona Said, 2003. "The Distribution of Gender and Public Sector Pay Premia: Evidence from the Egyptian Organised Sector," Working Papers 132, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    24. Shahen, Mostafa E. & Kotani, Koji & Kakinaka, Makoto & Managi, Shunsuke, 2020. "Wage and labor mobility between public, formal private and informal private sectors in a developing country," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 101-113.
    25. Doruka, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2022. "Getting stuck in the status quo ante: Evidence from the Egyptian Economy," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1018, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    26. Ragui Assaad & Miquel Pellicer & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2002. "Grievances or Skills? The Effect of Education on Youth Attitudes and Political Participation in Egypt and Tunisia," Working Papers 1103, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jun 2002.
    27. Rania Roushdy & Irène Selwaness, 2014. "Duration to Coverage: Dynamics of Access to Social Security in the Egyptian Labor Market in the 1998-2012 Period," Working Papers 836, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2014.
    28. Fatma El-Hamidi, 2006. "General or Vocational Schooling? Evidence on School Choice, Returns, and 'Sheepskin' Effects from Egypt 1998," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(2), pages 157-176.
    29. Martín Rama, 2003. "The Sri Lankan Unemployment Problem Revisited," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(3), pages 510-525, August.
    30. Assaad, Ragu & El-Hamidi, Fatma & Ahmed, Akhter U., 2000. "The Determinants Of Employment Status In Egypt," FCND Discussion Papers 16440, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    31. Pritchett, Lant, 1996. "Where has all the education gone?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1581, The World Bank.
    32. Basu, Arnab K. & Chau, Nancy H. & Kanbur, Ravi, 2009. "A theory of employment guarantees: Contestability, credibility and distributional concerns," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(3-4), pages 482-497, April.
    33. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2017. "Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth," GLO Discussion Paper Series 110, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    34. Pedro Gomes & Zoe Kuehn, 2017. "Human capital and the size distribution of firms," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 26, pages 164-179, October.
    35. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    36. Tansel, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2020. "Public-private sector wage gap by gender in Egypt: Evidence from quantile regression on panel data, 1998–2018," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    37. Mohamed Saleh, 2019. "Socioeconomic Inequality across Religious Groups: Self-Selection or Religion-Induced Human Capital Accumulation? The Case of Egypt," Post-Print hal-03181380, HAL.
    38. Iman Al‐Ayouty & Hoda Hassaballa, 2020. "Regional unemployment in Egypt: Spatial panel data analysis," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 565-577, December.
    39. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    40. El-Haddad, Amirah & Ishak, Phoebe W., 2023. "The Effect of COVID-19 on the Gender Employment Gap in Egyptian Manufacturing," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10646, The World Bank.
    41. Pieter Serneels, 2004. "The Nature of Unemployment in Urban Ethiopia," Development and Comp Systems 0409042, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    42. Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Why is Fertility on the Rise in Egypt? The Role of Women’s Employment Opportunities," Working Papers 1050, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    43. Selwaness, Irene, 2020. "Reforms and Employment in The Egyptian Labor Market: Evolution by Age From 1988 to 2006," GLO Discussion Paper Series 455, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    44. Hadi Esfahani & Roksana Bahramitash & Bin Lin, 2016. "Gender and Labour Allocation: the Role of Institutions and Policies in the Allocation of Female and Male Labor," Working Papers 998, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    45. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2024. "Public-private Job Satisfaction Differential: The Case of Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1125-1146, December.
    46. Cho, Yoonyoung, 2011. "Informality and protection from health shocks : lessons from Yemen," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5746, The World Bank.
    47. Zakarya Al Zalak & Anne Goujon, 2017. "Exploring the fertility trend in Egypt," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 37(32), pages 995-1030.
    48. Mohamed, Ahmed Ezzeldin, 2026. "The Welfare State in Egypt, 1995-2005: A Comparative Approach," SocArXiv n8spd_v1, Center for Open Science.
    49. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Nadia Belhaj Hassine & Ragui Assaad, 2012. "Equality of Opportunity in Educational Achievement in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 689, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.
    50. Krafft, Caroline, 2026. "Why are women's employment rates declining in Egypt?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1719, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    51. Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, 2004. "Labor Issues in Infrastructure Reform : A Toolkit, Module 1," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 15020.
    52. Tarik M. Yousef, 2004. "Development, Growth and Policy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa since 1950," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 18(3), pages 91-115, Summer.
    53. Steffen Hertog, 2016. "Is There an Arab Variety of Capitalism?," Working Papers 1068, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2016.
    54. Barton, Nicholas & Bold, Tessa & Sandefur, Justin, 2017. "Measuring Rents from Public Employment: Regression discontinuity evidence from Kenya," CEPR Discussion Papers 12105, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    55. Aysit Tansel & Halil Ibrahim Keskin & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2020. "Is there an informal employment wage penalty in Egypt? Evidence from quantile regression on panel data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(6), pages 2949-2979, June.
    56. Assaad, Ragui, 2013. "Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism," IZA Discussion Papers 7573, IZA Network @ LISER.
    57. Kasrin, Zein & Smolny, Werner, 2019. "Female Labor Market Participation and Socioeconomic Development: Disentangling the U-Shaped Hypothesis," MPRA Paper 95561, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    58. Ara Stepanyan & Mr. Lamin Y Leigh, 2015. "Fiscal Policy Implications for Labor Market Outcomes in Middle-Income Countries," IMF Working Papers 2015/017, International Monetary Fund.
    59. Fatma El-Hamidi, 2003. "Labor Supply of Egyptian Married Women When Self-Employment Is An Option: Participation And Hours Of Work," Working Paper 336, Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, revised Feb 2008.
    60. Nour, Samia, 2011. "Estimating the rate of return to education in Sudan," MERIT Working Papers 2011-033, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    61. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2009. "Education and Earnings in The Middle East: A Comparative Study of Returns To Schooling in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey," Working Papers 504, Economic Research Forum, revised Sep 2009.
    62. Martin Rama, 2002. "Mondialisation, inégalités et politiques de l'emploi," Revue d’économie du développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 10(1), pages 43-83.
    63. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    64. Mohamed Saleh, 2016. "Public Mass Modern Education, Religion, and Human Capital in Twentieth-Century Egypt," Post-Print hal-04449281, HAL.
    65. McCormick, Barry & Wahba, Jackline, 2003. "Did public wage premiums fuel agglomeration in LDCs?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 349-379, April.
    66. Mona Said & Fatma El-Hamidi, 2008. "Taking Technical Education Seriously in MENA: Determinants, Labor Market Implications and Policy Lessons," Working Papers 450, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2008.
    67. Caroline Krafft & Reham Rizk, 2018. "The Promise and Peril of Youth Entrepreneurship in MENA," Working Papers 1257, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Nov 2018.
    68. Schmoll, Moritz, 2020. "Weak street-level enforcement of tax laws: the role of tax collectors’ persistent but broken public service expectations," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 104601, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    69. Pieters, Janneke, 2013. "Youth Employment in Developing Countries," IZA Research Reports 58, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    70. Aysit Tansel, 2001. "Public Employment as A Social Protection Mechanism," Working Papers 0104, Economic Research Forum, revised 02 Jan 2001.
    71. Mohamed Amara & Wajih Khallouli & Faicel Zidi, 2024. "Public–private wage differentials in Tunisia: Consistency and decomposition," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 38(3), pages 295-330, September.
    72. Assaad, Ragui & Arntz, Melanie, 2005. "Constrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment: Evidence from Egypt," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 431-454, March.
    73. Binzel, Christine & Assaad, Ragui, 2011. "Egyptian men working abroad: Labour supply responses by the women left behind," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(S1), pages 98-114.

  54. Ali Shaban & Ragui Assaad & Al-Qudsi, 1994. "Employment Experience in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 9401, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jun 1994.

    Cited by:

    1. Marie-Ange VEGANZONES-VAROUDAKIS & PISSARIDES, 2005. "Labor markets and economic growth in the MENA region," Working Papers 200535, CERDI.

  55. Assaad, R. & Tunal, I., 1990. "Market Structure And Spells Of Employment And Unemployment: Evidence From The Construction Sector In Egypt," Papers 429, Cornell - Department of Economics.

    Cited by:

    1. Kuchibhotla, Murali & Orazem, Peter F. & Ravi, Sanjana, 2020. "The scarring effects of youth joblessness in Sri Lanka," ISU General Staff Papers 202002010800001029, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    2. Assaad, Ragui, 1997. "Kinship ties, social networks, and segmented labor markets: evidence from the construction sector in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 1-30, February.
    3. Appleton, Simon & Knight, John & Song, Lina & Xia, Qingjie, 2002. "Labor retrenchment in China: Determinants and consequences," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(2-3), pages 252-275.
    4. Simon Appleton & John Knight & Lina Song & Qingjie Xia, 2002. "Causes et conséquences des réductions d'effectifs dans les entreprises publiques en Chine," Revue d’économie du développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 10(3), pages 159-189.
    5. Kuchibhotla, Murali, 2013. "Three essays in development economics," ISU General Staff Papers 201301010800004461, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    6. Aysit Tansel & H.Mehmet Tasçi, 2010. "Hazard Analysis of Unemployment Duration by Gender in A Developing Country: The Case of Turkey," Working Papers 521, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 Jan 2010.
    7. Björn Nilsson, 2017. "The School-to-work transition in developing countries," Working Papers DT/2017/07, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    8. Ragui Assaad & Insan Tunali, 2000. "Wage Formation and Recurrent Unemployment," Working Papers 2016, Economic Research Forum, revised 06 Aug 2000.
    9. Pieter Serneels, 2004. "Explaining Non-Negative Duration Dependence Among the Unemployed," Development and Comp Systems 0409013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Pieter Serneels, 2004. "The Nature of Unemployment in Urban Ethiopia," Development and Comp Systems 0409042, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Pieter Serneels, 2004. "The Added Worker Effect and Intrahousehold Aspects of Unemployment," Development and Comp Systems 0409014, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Julie Hotchkiss, 1999. "The effect of transitional employment on search duration: A selectivity approach," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 27(1), pages 38-52, March.
    13. Aysit Tansel & H. Mehmet Tasci, 2003. "Determinants of Unemployment Duration For Men and Women," Working Papers 0332, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2003.

Articles

  1. Ragui Assaad & Rana Hendy & Moundir Lassassi & Shaimaa Yassin, 2020. "Explaining the MENA paradox: Rising educational attainment yet stagnant female labor force participation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 43(28), pages 817-850.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  3. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh & Sami Zouari, 2019. "Estimating poverty and inequality in the absence of consumption data: an application to the Middle East and North Africa," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 1-29, January.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  4. Assaad, Ragui & Hendy, Rana & Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad, 2019. "Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from household surveys," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 24-43.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  5. Ragui Assaad & Ghada Barsoum, 2019. "Public employment in the Middle East and North Africa," World of Labour, LISER, pages 463-463, August.

    Cited by:

    1. Yusuke Kawamura, 2022. "Public Sector Employment as a Social Welfare Policy: The “Social Contract†and Failed Job Creation for Youth in Egypt," Contemporary Review of the Middle East, , vol. 9(1), pages 31-50, March.
    2. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2026. "Well-Being and the Authoritarian Welfare State: Sector of Employment and Human Happiness in Arab Countries," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 17-32, March.
    3. Dina Bishara, 2023. "Introduction to a Special Issue on Labor in the Middle East and North Africa: Precarity, Inequality, and Migration," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 627-645, August.
    4. Iman, Sen & Afif, Zeina & Gauri, Varun & Mohamed, Gohdar, 2022. "Women’s Labor Force Participation in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq : A Study of Social and Psychological Barriers," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10028, The World Bank.
    5. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2024. "Public-private Job Satisfaction Differential: The Case of Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1125-1146, December.

  6. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Shaimaa Yassin, 2018. "Comparing retrospective and panel data collection methods to assess labor market dynamics," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-34, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  7. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi‐Isfahani, 2018. "Inequality of Opportunity in Wages and Consumption in Egypt," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 64(s1), pages 26-54, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Fateh Belaïd & Véronique Flambard, 2023. "Impacts of income poverty and high housing costs on fuel poverty in Egypt: An empirical modeling approach," Post-Print hal-04125482, HAL.
    2. Shi, X., 2018. "Inequality of Opportunity in Earnings in Rural China," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277016, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    4. Vladimir Hlasny & Paolo Verme, 2022. "On the ‘Arab Inequality Puzzle’: A Comment," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 53(2), pages 448-458, March.
    5. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2023. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(4), pages 697-723, August.
    6. Paul Makdissi & Myra Yazbeck, 2023. "Measuring the contribution of stratification and social class at birth to inequality of opportunity," Working Papers 2303E Classification- I31, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics.
    7. Stephan Klasen, 2018. "Poverty, Inequality, and the “Arab Spring”," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 64(s1), pages 1-4, October.
    8. Kristof Bosmans & Z. Emel Öztürk, 2021. "Measurement of inequality of opportunity: A normative approach," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 19(2), pages 213-237, June.
    9. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    10. Saidi Anis (a) , Hamdaoui Mekki (b) and Ochi Anis (b), 2021. "Inequality of Opportunity and Degree of Human Development: Evidence from Tunisia," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 46(1), pages 107-137, March.
    11. Priya, Pragati & Sharma, Chandan & Jha, Chandan Kumar, 2025. "Asymmetry in the inequality of opportunity in energy consumption across gender, caste, and religion in India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).

  8. Ragui Assaad & Mohamed Saleh, 2018. "Does Improved Local Supply of Schooling Enhance Intergenerational Mobility in Education? Evidence from Jordan," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 32(3), pages 633-655.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  9. Jackline Wahba & Ragui Assaad, 2017. "Flexible Labor Regulations and Informality in Egypt," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 962-984, November.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  10. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-21, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  11. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.

    Cited by:

    1. Mongi Boughzala, 2017. "Employment and the Functioning of the Labor Market," Working Papers 1154, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Sep 2003.
    2. Krafft, Caroline & Elbadawy, Asmaa & Sieverding, Maia, 2019. "Constrained school choice in Egypt," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    3. Abdel-Moneim, Mohamed Alaa, 2021. "In search of a school façade: Explaining the centrality of private tutoring among high-performing students in Egypt," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    4. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    5. Kemper, Johanna & Renold, Ursula, 2024. "Evaluating the impact of general versus vocational education on labor market outcomes in Egypt by means of a regression discontinuity design," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    6. Reham Rizk & Ronia Hawash, 2020. "Education Gap and Youth: A Growing Challenge in the MENA Region," LIS Working papers 790, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    7. Acar, Elif Öznur & Günalp, Burak & Cilasun, Seyit Mümin, 2016. "An empirical analysis of household education expenditures in Turkey," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 23-35.
    8. Maia Sieverding & Rania Roushdy & Rasha Hassan & Ahmed Ali, 2019. "Perceptions of Service Access in a Context of Marginalization: The Case of Young People in Informal Greater Cairo," Working Papers 1289, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    9. Mahmoud Ali Hailat, 2018. "Education of Jordanians: Outcomes in a Challenging Environment," Working Papers 1221, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    10. Ali Fakih & Nathir Haimoun & Anastasia Sleiman, 2022. "What drives demand for private tutoring in the Middle East and North Africa region? Evidence from a Youth Survey," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 268-279, June.
    11. Amirah El-Haddad, 2016. "Government Intervention with No Structural Transformation: The Challenges of Egyptian Industrial Policy in Comparative Perspective (ARABIC)," Working Papers 1038, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2016.
    12. Yan Zhang & Wei Yang & Bo Li & Yifan Yang & Liu Chen & Lu Feng, 2025. "Convergence of primary education development in urban and rural China: empirical analysis of historical trends and future projections," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-18, December.
    13. Langsten, Ray & Hassan, Tahra, 2018. "Primary education completion in Egypt: Trends and determinants," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 136-145.
    14. Elsayed, Ahmed & Marie, Olivier, 2020. "Less School (Costs), More (Female) Education? Lessons from Egypt Reducing Years of Compulsory Schooling," IZA Discussion Papers 13402, IZA Network @ LISER.
    15. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Ruby Cheung, 2024. "Introducing the Sudan Labor Market Panel Survey 2022," HiCN Working Papers 406, Households in Conflict Network.
    16. Krafft, Caroline, 2026. "Why are women's employment rates declining in Egypt?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1719, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    17. Assaad, Ragui & Hendy, Rana & Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad, 2019. "Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from household surveys," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 24-43.
    18. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," Working Papers 1040, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Jan 2016.
    19. Sieverding, Maia & Krafft, Caroline & Elbadawy, Asmaa, 2017. "“The Teacher Does Not Explain in Class”: An Exploration of the Drivers of Private Tutoring in Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 135, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    20. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.

  12. Ragui Assaad, 2014. "Making sense of Arab labor markets: the enduring legacy of dualism," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 3(1), pages 1-25, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  13. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Nadia Hassine & Ragui Assaad, 2014. "Equality of opportunity in educational achievement in the Middle East and North Africa," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(4), pages 489-515, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  14. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2013. "The Egypt labor market panel survey: introducing the 2012 round," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-30, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  15. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Nadia Belhaj Hassine & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2012. "Inequality Of Opportunity In Child Health In The Arab World And Turkey," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(02), pages 1-37.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  16. Binzel, Christine & Assaad, Ragui, 2011. "Egyptian men working abroad: Labour supply responses by the women left behind," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(S1), pages 98-114.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  17. Ragui Assaad & Christine Binzel & May Gadallah, 2010. "Transitions To Employment And Marriage Among Young Men In Egypt," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 2(01), pages 39-88.

    Cited by:

    1. May Gadallah & Rania Roushdy & Maia Sieverding, 2017. "Young People’s Gender Role Attitudes Over the Transition to Adulthood in Egypt," Working Papers 1122, Economic Research Forum, revised 07 2017.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    3. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    4. Selwaness, Irene & Roushdy, Rania, 2017. "The Arab Spring and the Employability of Youth: Early evidence from Egypt," GLO Discussion Paper Series 28, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    5. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    6. Rania Salem, 2015. "Changes in the Institution of Marriage in Egypt from 1998 to 2012," Working Papers 911, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2015.
    7. Amr Ragab & Ayhab F. Saad, 2023. "The effects of a negative economic shock on male marriage in the West Bank," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 789-814, September.
    8. Björn Nilsson, 2017. "The School-to-work transition in developing countries," Working Papers DT/2017/07, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    9. Anda David & Rana Hendy, 2016. "Does International Migration Help Them Marry earlier? A Hazard Model for the Case of Egypt," Working Papers 1051, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    10. Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan, 2017. "Marriage Outcomes and Women Empowerment After Marriage: A Three Countries Story," Working Papers 1074, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Jun 2017.
    11. Simone Bertoli & Francesca Marchetta, 2015. "Bringing It All Back Home : Return migration and fertility choices," Post-Print hal-03260964, HAL.
    12. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    13. Obbey Ahmed Elamin, 2018. "Impact of Informal Job-search on Wages for University Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 1272, Economic Research Forum, revised 19 Dec 2018.
    14. Rania Salem, 2016. "The gendered effects of labour market experiences on marriage timing in Egypt," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 35(11), pages 283-314.
    15. Eleonora Bertoni & Giorgio Ricchiuti, 2017. "A Multilevel Analysis of Unemployment in Egypt," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 31(4), pages 494-514, December.
    16. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2017. "Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth," GLO Discussion Paper Series 110, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    17. Binzel, Christine, 2011. "Decline in Social Mobility: Unfulfilled Aspirations among Egypt's Educated Youth," IZA Discussion Papers 6139, IZA Network @ LISER.
    18. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2014. "The Economics of Marriage in North Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-067, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    19. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    20. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2019. "Socioeconomic Status and the Changing Nature of School-to-Work Transitions in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 1287, Economic Research Forum, revised 2019.
    21. Binzel, Christine & Assaad, Ragui, 2011. "Egyptian Men Working Abroad: Labor Supply Responses by the Women Left Behind," IZA Discussion Papers 5589, IZA Network @ LISER.
    22. Samer Kherfi, 2015. "Determinants of Unemployment Duration," Working Papers 909, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2015.
    23. May Gadallah, 2011. "Factors of Career Mobility in Egypt by Gender," Working Papers 623, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2011.

  18. Ragui Assaad & Deborah Levison & Nadia Zibani, 2010. "The Effect of Domestic Work on Girls' Schooling: Evidence from Egypt," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 79-128.

    Cited by:

    1. Nadir Altinok & Abdurrahman Aydemir, 2015. "The Unfolding of Gender Gap in Education," Working Papers of BETA 2015-13, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    2. Fadly, Dalia & Fontes, Francisco & Maertens, Miet, . "Biomass Cooking Fuel and Schooling Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 50(01).
    3. Martin Limbikani Mwale & Tony Mwenda Kamninga, 2024. "Unintended consequences of farm input subsidies: women’s contraceptive usage and knock-on effects on children," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 1-28, September.
    4. Sudha Narayanan & Sowmya Dhanraj, 2013. "Child work and schooling in rural north India: What do time use data say about tradeoffs and drivers of human capital investment?," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2013-023, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    5. Abou, Pokou Edouard, 2015. "Incidence du travail domestique, des caractéristiques de l’école et du ménage sur les résultats scolaires des filles en Côte d’Ivoire [Incidence of domestic work, school and household characteristics on educational outcomes of girls in Cote d'Ivoi," MPRA Paper 43976, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Deborah Levison & Deborah S. DeGraff & Esther W. Dungumaro, 2018. "Implications of Environmental Chores for Schooling: Children’s Time Fetching Water and Firewood in Tanzania," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 30(2), pages 217-234, April.
    7. Posel, Dorrit & Grapsa, Erofili, 2017. "Time to learn? Time allocations among children in South Africa," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1-10.
    8. Abou, Pokou Edouard, 2016. "Does Domestic Work Affect the Academic Performance of Girls in Primary School in Côte d’Ivoire? Empirical Evidence from Probit Model," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 12(35), pages 368-381.
    9. Rodrigo LOVATON DAVILA & Aine Seitz MCCARTHY & Dorothy GONDWE & Phatta KIRDRUAND & Uttan SHARMA, 2022. "Water, Walls, and Bicycles: Wealth Index Composition Using Census Microdata," JODE - Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 88(1), pages 79-120, March.
    10. Zietz, Susannah & de Hoop, Jacobus & Handa, Sudhanshu, 2018. "The role of productive activities in the lives of adolescents: Photovoice evidence from Malawi," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 246-255.
    11. Eva Dziadula & Danice Guzmán, 2020. "Sweeping It under the Rug: Household Chores and Misreporting of Child Labor," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(2), pages 901-905.
    12. Sophie Hedges & Rebecca Sear & Jim Todd & Mark Urassa & David Lawson, 2019. "Earning their keep? Fostering, children's education, and work in north-western Tanzania," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 41(10), pages 263-292.
    13. Webbink, Ellen & Smits, Jeroen & de Jong, Eelke, 2012. "Hidden Child Labor: Determinants of Housework and Family Business Work of Children in 16 Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 631-642.
    14. Caroline Krafft & Safaa El-Kogali, 2014. "Inequalities in Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 856, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.

  19. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Insan Tunali & Ragui Assaad, 2009. "A Comparative Study Of Returns To Education Of Urban Men In Egypt, Iran, And Turkey," Middle East Development Journal (MEDJ), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 1(02), pages 145-187.

    Cited by:

    1. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Sara Taghvatalab, 2017. "Education and the Allocation of Time of Married Women in Iran," Working Papers 1114, Economic Research Forum, revised 06 2003.
    2. Abdurrahman Aydemir & Murat G. Kirdar, 2017. "Low Wage Returns to Schooling in a Developing Country: Evidence from a Major Policy Reform in Turkey," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 79(6), pages 1046-1086, December.
    3. Celeste K. Carruthers & Christopher Jepsen, 2020. "Vocational Education: An International Perspective," CESifo Working Paper Series 8718, CESifo.
    4. Aysit Tansel & Yousef Daoud, 2011. "Comparative Essay on Returns to Education in Palestine and Turkey," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 1118, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.
    5. Kemper, Johanna & Renold, Ursula, 2024. "Evaluating the impact of general versus vocational education on labor market outcomes in Egypt by means of a regression discontinuity design," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    6. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    7. Ragui Assaad & Miquel Pellicer & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2002. "Grievances or Skills? The Effect of Education on Youth Attitudes and Political Participation in Egypt and Tunisia," Working Papers 1103, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jun 2002.
    8. Asmaa Elbadawy, 2014. "Education in Egypt: Improvements in Attainment, Problems with Quality and Inequality," Working Papers 854, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
    9. Polat, Sezgin, 2016. "Some Economic Consequences of Higher Education Expansion in Turkey," MPRA Paper 72602, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Psacharopoulos, George & Tansel, Aysit, 2019. "Returns to Investment in Education: The Case of Turkey," MPRA Paper 92933, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Ali Fakih & Nathir Haimoun & Anastasia Sleiman, 2022. "What drives demand for private tutoring in the Middle East and North Africa region? Evidence from a Youth Survey," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 268-279, June.
    12. Amirah El-Haddad, 2016. "Government Intervention with No Structural Transformation: The Challenges of Egyptian Industrial Policy in Comparative Perspective (ARABIC)," Working Papers 1038, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2016.
    13. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2017. "Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth," GLO Discussion Paper Series 110, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    14. Zafiris Tzannatos & Ishac Diwan & Joanna Abdel Ahad, 2016. "Rates of Return to Education in Twenty Two Arab Countries: an Update and Comparison Between MENA and the Rest of the World," Working Papers 1007, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    15. McAdam, Peter & Christopoulos, Dimitris, 2015. "Efficiency, Inefficiency and the MENA Frontier," Working Paper Series 1757, European Central Bank.
    16. Binzel, Christine, 2011. "Decline in Social Mobility: Unfulfilled Aspirations among Egypt's Educated Youth," IZA Discussion Papers 6139, IZA Network @ LISER.
    17. Ralitza DIMOVA & Karim STEPHAN, 2020. "Inequality of opportunity and (unequal) opportunities in the youth labour market: How is the Arab world different?," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 159(2), pages 217-242, June.
    18. Ali Reza Oryoie & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh, 2022. "The Rate of Return to Education in Iran," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(2), pages 813-829, June.
    19. Djavad Salehi-Isfahani & Nadia Belhaj Hassine & Ragui Assaad, 2012. "Equality of Opportunity in Educational Achievement in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 689, Economic Research Forum, revised 2012.
    20. Krafft,Caroline Gould & Raikes,Abbie & Nikaein Towfighian,Samira & Mojgani,Rebecca Sayre, 2023. "Quality and Inequality in Pre-Primary and Home Environment Inputs to Early ChildhoodDevelopment in Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10317, The World Bank.
    21. Harry Anthony Patrinos & George Psacharopoulos & Aysit Tansel, 2019. "GLOBALISATION AND GOVERNANCE: Returns to Investment in Education: The Case of Turkey," ERC Working Papers 1903, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised Mar 2019.
    22. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui, 2021. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-42, January.
    23. Ibrahim, Solava, 2021. "The dynamics of the Egyptian social contract: How the political changes affected the poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).

  20. Assaad, Ragui & Arntz, Melanie, 2005. "Constrained Geographical Mobility and Gendered Labor Market Outcomes Under Structural Adjustment: Evidence from Egypt," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 431-454, March.

    Cited by:

    1. May Gadallah & Rania Roushdy & Maia Sieverding, 2017. "Young People’s Gender Role Attitudes Over the Transition to Adulthood in Egypt," Working Papers 1122, Economic Research Forum, revised 07 2017.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    3. Funmi (Olufunmilola) Ojediran & Alistair Anderson, 2020. "Women’s Entrepreneurship in the Global South: Empowering and Emancipating?," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Isabelle Chort & Philippe De Vreyer & Thomas Zuber, 2018. "Enduring Gendered Mobility Patterns in Contemporary Senegal," Working Papers hal-02141053, HAL.
    5. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    6. May Gadallah & Maia Sieverding & Rania Roushdy, 2017. "The Effect of Mothers’ Employment on Youth Gender Role Attitudes: Evidence From Egypt," Working Papers 1125, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Oct 2017.
    7. Maia Sieverding, 2015. "Intergenerational Mobility in Women's Employment Outcomes in Egypt," Working Papers 978, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2015.
    8. Nelly EL MALLAKH & Mathilde MAUREL & Biagio SPECIALE, 2014. "Women and political change: Evidence from the Egyptian revolution," Working Papers P116, FERDI.
    9. World Bank, 2010. "Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010," World Bank Publications - Reports 3003, The World Bank Group.
    10. Ghada Alturif & Wafaa Saleh, 2023. "Travel Demand Management in an Auto Dominated City: Can Travel Behaviour Be Nudged in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, June.
    11. Maye Ehab, 2018. "The Commuting Gender Gap and Females’ Participation and Earnings in the Egyptian Labor Market," Working Papers 1211, Economic Research Forum, revised 21 Jun 2018.
    12. Rana Hendy, 2010. "Rethinking Time Allocation of Egyptian Women: A Matching Analysis," Working Papers 526, Economic Research Forum, revised 06 Jan 2010.
    13. World Bank, 2008. "Jordan - Resolving Jordan's Labor Market Paradox of Concurrent Economic Growth and High Unemployment," World Bank Publications - Reports 18907, The World Bank Group.
    14. El-Mallakh, Nelly & Maurel, Mathilde & Speciale, Biagio, 2018. "Arab spring protests and women's labor market outcomes: Evidence from the Egyptian revolution," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 656-682.
    15. Williams, Sarah & Qiu, Waishan & Al-awwad, Zeyad & Alfayez, Aljoharah, 2019. "Commuting for women in Saudi Arabia: Metro to driving - Options to support women employment," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 126-138.
    16. Alexander Kentikelenis & Thomas Stubbs, 2022. "Austerity Redux: The Post‐pandemic Wave of Budget Cuts and the Future of Global Public Health," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 13(1), pages 5-17, February.
    17. Eahab Elsaid & Abdel Moneim Elsaid, 2012. "Culture and Leadership: Comparing Egypt to the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies," Business and Management Research, Business and Management Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 1(2), pages 1-13, June.
    18. Johar, Meliyanni & Rammohan, Anu, 2006. "Demand for Microcredit by Indonesian women," Working Papers 2006-03, University of Sydney, School of Economics.
    19. Clémentine Sadania, 2016. "Working and Women’s Empowerment in the Egyptian Household: The Type of Work and Location Matter," Working Papers halshs-01525220, HAL.
    20. Adel Ben Youssef & Mohamed Arouri & Cuong Viet Nguyen, 2017. "Is Internal Migration A Way to Cope With Climate Change? Evidence From Egypt," Working Papers 1099, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.
    21. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    22. Tanu Priya Uteng, 2012. "Gender and Mobility in the Developing World," World Bank Publications - Reports 9111, The World Bank Group.
    23. Lamia E. Kandil, 2015. "Disentangling qualitative and quantitative central bank influence," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2015-02, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    24. Ragui Assaad & Deborah Levison & Nadia Zibani, 2010. "The Effect of Domestic Work on Girls' Schooling: Evidence from Egypt," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 79-128.
    25. Chort, Isabelle, 2014. "Mexican Migrants to the US: What Do Unrealized Migration Intentions Tell Us About Gender Inequalities?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 535-552.
    26. Amirah El-Haddad & May Gadallah, 2018. "The Informalization of the Egyptian Economy (1998-2012): A Factor in Growing Wage Inequality?," Working Papers 1210, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2018.
    27. Erwin R. Tiongson & Pierella Paci & Mateusz Walewski & Jacek Liwinski & Maria M. Stoilkova, 2007. "Internal Labor Mobility in Central Europe and the Baltic Region," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6598.
    28. El-Haddad, Amirah & Ishak, Phoebe W., 2023. "The Effect of COVID-19 on the Gender Employment Gap in Egyptian Manufacturing," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10646, The World Bank.
    29. Bussemakers, Carlijn & van Oosterhout, Kars & Kraaykamp, Gerbert & Spierings, Niels, 2017. "Women’s Worldwide Education–employment Connection: A Multilevel Analysis of the Moderating Impact of Economic, Political, and Cultural Contexts," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 28-41.
    30. Heshmati, Almas, 2007. "Labor Market Policy Options of the Kurdistan Regional Government," IZA Discussion Papers 3247, IZA Network @ LISER.
    31. Havet, Nathalie & Bayart, Caroline & Bonnel, Patrick, 2021. "Why do Gender Differences in Daily Mobility Behaviours persist among workers?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 34-48.
    32. Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Why is Fertility on the Rise in Egypt? The Role of Women’s Employment Opportunities," Working Papers 1050, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    33. Selwaness, Irene, 2020. "Reforms and Employment in The Egyptian Labor Market: Evolution by Age From 1988 to 2006," GLO Discussion Paper Series 455, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    34. Karel Malec & Shereen Gouda & Elena Kuzmenko & Daryoush Soleimani & Helena Rezbov & Petra nov, 2016. "Gross Domestic Product Development and Employment in Egypt (2000-2013)," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, vol. 6(1), pages 199-206.
    35. Matsuo, Miwa, 2016. "Gender differences in mobility of Hispanic immigrants," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 209-230.
    36. Adnan, Wifag & Miaari, Sami H., 2018. "Voting patterns and the gender wage gap," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 222-247.
    37. El-Haddad, Amirah & Krafft, Caroline & Selwaness, Irene & Assaad, Ragui, 2026. "Formal and Informal Labor Demand in Egyptian Manufacturing Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 18500, IZA Network @ LISER.
    38. Lamia Kandil, 2015. "Glass ceiling and belief flipping : theory and evidence from Egypt," Working Papers hal-03607676, HAL.
    39. Saima Zubair & Amani Moazzam, 2024. "Exploring Career Construction: A Single Narrative Case Study Guided by the Systems Theory Framework of Career Development (STFCD)," South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, , vol. 13(1), pages 81-97, April.
    40. Lamia Kandil, 2015. "Glass ceiling and belief flipping : theory and evidence from Egypt," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03607676, HAL.
    41. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Irene Selwaness, 2017. "The Impact of Early Marriage on Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1086, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.
    42. Binzel, Christine & Assaad, Ragui, 2011. "Egyptian Men Working Abroad: Labor Supply Responses by the Women Left Behind," IZA Discussion Papers 5589, IZA Network @ LISER.
    43. Andreas Kern & Bernhard Reinsberg & Claire Lee, 2025. "The unintended consequences of IMF programs: Women left behind in the labor market," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 741-767, December.
    44. Herrera-Almanza, Catalina & Sahn, David E., 2020. "Childhood Determinants of Internal Youth Migration in Senegal," IZA Discussion Papers 12988, IZA Network @ LISER.
    45. Klasen, Stephan, 2020. "From ‘MeToo’ to Boko Haram: A survey of levels and trends of gender inequality in the world," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    46. El-Haddad, Amirah, 2020. "Redefining the social contract in the wake of the Arab Spring: The experiences of Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    47. Elias, Wafa & Benjamin, Julian & Shiftan, Yoram, 2015. "Gender differences in activity and travel behavior in the Arab world," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 19-27.
    48. Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2025. "Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023," Working Papers 1773, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Feb 2025.
    49. Kentikelenis, Alexander E., 2017. "Structural adjustment and health: A conceptual framework and evidence on pathways," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 296-305.
    50. Rami Galal & Mona Said & Susan Joekes & Mina Sami, 2018. "Gender Diversity, Productivity, and Wages in Egyptian Firms," Working Papers 1207, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2018.
    51. Parla Onuk & Yılmaz Aydin, 2024. "Gender gap and the labour market structure: A neoclassical approach for the case of Turkiye," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 58(5), pages 4627-4640, October.
    52. Kalliny, Marize & Zaki, Chahir, 2024. "Are Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries ? Evidence from Firm-Level Data," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10667, The World Bank.
    53. Rana Hendy, 2010. "Rethinking Time Allocation of Egyptian Females," Post-Print halshs-00482486, HAL.
    54. Maye Ehab & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Working Conditions in the Paid Care Economy in Egypt: Improvement or Deterioration?," Working Papers 1657, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Nov 2023.

  21. Assaad, Ragui & Tunali, Insan, 2002. "Wage formation and recurrent unemployment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 17-61, February.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  22. Assaad, Ragui, 1999. "Matching Severance Payments with Worker Losses in the Egyptian Public Sector," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 13(1), pages 117-153, January.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Rama,Martin G., 2003. "Globalization and workers in developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2958, The World Bank.
    3. Sebastián Galiani and Federico Sturzenegger, "undated". "The Impact of Privatization on the Earnings of Restructured Workers," Business School Working Papers longterm, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
    4. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Do More Productive Firms Pay Workers More? Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 1222, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    5. World Bank, 2002. "Long-Term Policy Options for the Palestinian Economy," World Bank Publications - Reports 15274, The World Bank Group.
    6. World Bank, 2007. "Guinea-Bissau - Public Expenditure Review Update : Enhancing Growth and Fiscal Adjustment Through Civil Service Reform," World Bank Publications - Reports 7736, The World Bank Group.
    7. Khan, Iram, 2006. "Public vs. private sector : an examination of neo-liberal ideology," MPRA Paper 13443, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Tansel, Aysit & Keskin, Halil Ibrahim & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2020. "Public-private sector wage gap by gender in Egypt: Evidence from quantile regression on panel data, 1998–2018," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Sebastian Galiani & Federico Sturzenegger, 2008. "The Impact of Privatization on the Earnings of Restructured Workers: Evidence From the Oil Industry," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 162-176, June.
    10. Assaad, Ragui & Tunali, Insan, 2002. "Wage formation and recurrent unemployment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 17-61, February.
    11. Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Why is Fertility on the Rise in Egypt? The Role of Women’s Employment Opportunities," Working Papers 1050, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    12. Rama, Martin, 2001. "The gender implications of public sector downsizing : the reform program of Vietnam," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2573, The World Bank.
    13. Assaad, Ragui, 2013. "Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism," IZA Discussion Papers 7573, IZA Network @ LISER.
    14. Heba Nassar & Marwa Biltagy, 2017. "Poverty, Employment, Investment, and Education Relationships: The Case of Egypt," SAGE Open, , vol. 7(2), pages 21582440176, April.
    15. Martin Rama, 2002. "Mondialisation, inégalités et politiques de l'emploi," Revue d’économie du développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 10(1), pages 43-83.
    16. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption in Egypt," Working Papers 1002, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    17. Bales, Sarah & Rama, Martin, 2001. "Are public sector workers underpaid? - Appropriate comparators in a developing country," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2747, The World Bank.

  23. Assaad, Ragui, 1997. "The Effects of Public Sector Hiring and Compensation Policies on the Egyptian Labor Market," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 11(1), pages 85-118, January.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  24. Assaad, Ragui, 1997. "Kinship ties, social networks, and segmented labor markets: evidence from the construction sector in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 1-30, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Nicoletta Berardi, 2013. "Social networks and wages in Senegal’s labor market," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Antoninis, Manos, 2006. "The wage effects from the use of personal contacts as hiring channels," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 133-146, January.
    4. Stanley, Denise L., 2002. "Efficiency and equity tradeoffs: incentive-compatible contracts revisited," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 309-331, April.
    5. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Do More Productive Firms Pay Workers More? Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 1222, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    6. Zenou, Yves & Wahba, Jackline, 2003. "Density, Social Networks and Job Search Methods: Theory and Application to Egypt," CEPR Discussion Papers 3967, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    7. Abdel Rahmen El Lahga & Ines Bouassida, 2017. "Public-Private Wage Disparities, Employment and Labor Market Segmentation in Tunisia," Working Papers 1168, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 2017.
    8. Assaad, Ragui & Tunali, Insan, 2002. "Wage formation and recurrent unemployment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 17-61, February.
    9. Zenou, Yves & Jellal, Mohamed, 2005. "Ethnic Diversity, Market Structure and Risk Sharing in Developing Countries," CEPR Discussion Papers 5366, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    10. Kim, Young Chul, 2009. "Lifetime Network Externality and the Dynamics of Group Inequality," MPRA Paper 18767, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Lall, Somik V. & Selod, Harris & Shalizi, Zmarak, 2006. "Rural-urban migration in developing countries : a survey of theoretical predictions and empirical findings," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3915, The World Bank.
    12. Tolga Umut Kuzubas & Andrea Szabo, 2013. "Multiple Job Search Networks: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia," Working Papers 2013/06, Bogazici University, Department of Economics.
    13. Mona Fawaz, 2008. "An Unusual Clique of City‐Makers: Social Networks in the Production of a Neighborhood in Beirut (1950–75)," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 565-585, September.

  25. Assaad, Ragui, 1993. "Formal and informal institutions in the labor market, with applications to the construction sector in Egypt," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 925-939, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Vanderstraeten, Johanna & van Witteloostuijn, Arjen & Matthyssens, Paul, 2020. "Organizational sponsorship and service co-development: A contingency view on service co-development directiveness of business incubators," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    2. Benedikt Heid & Mario Larch & Alejandro Riaño, 2011. "Maquiladoras and Informality: A Mixed Blessing," CESifo Working Paper Series 3689, CESifo.
    3. Nisha Taneja, 2007. "India's Informal Trade With SriLanka," Working Papers id:953, eSocialSciences.
    4. Assaad, Ragui, 1997. "Kinship ties, social networks, and segmented labor markets: evidence from the construction sector in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 1-30, February.
    5. Madeleine Leonard, 2000. "Coping strategies in developed and developing societies: the workings of the informal economy," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 12(8), pages 1069-1085.
    6. Proeger Till & Rupieper Li Kathrin, 2019. "Asymmetrische Information auf dem Handwerksmarkt – eine qualitative Analyse," Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 68(2), pages 149-182, August.
    7. Frost, Jon, 2008. "Returns to Qualification in Informal Employment: A Study of Urban Youth in Egypt," MPRA Paper 12599, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Sanjib Pohit & Nisha Taneja, 2003. "India's Informal Trade with Bangladesh: A Qualitative Assessment," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(8), pages 1187-1214, August.
    9. Haouas, Ilham & Heshmati, Almas, 2015. "The Impact of Arab Spring on Hiring and Separation Rates in the Tunisian Labour Market," IZA Discussion Papers 8809, IZA Network @ LISER.
    10. Srinivas, Smita, 2007. "Urban labour markets in the 21st century: dualism, regulation and the role(s) of the State," MPRA Paper 53099, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Do More Productive Firms Pay Workers More? Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 1222, Economic Research Forum, revised 18 Sep 2018.
    12. Osman, Adam & Speer, Jamin D. & Weaver, Andrew, 2022. "Connections, Referrals, and Hiring Outcomes: Evidence from an Egyptian Establishment Survey," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 342-355.
    13. Yasir Khan & Attiya Yasmin Javid, 2015. "The Impact of Formal and Informal Institutions on Economic Performance: A Cross-Country Analysis," PIDE-Working Papers 2015:130, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    14. Petr Vymětal & Milan Žák, 2005. "Instituce a výkonnost [Institutions and performance]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2005(4), pages 545-566.
    15. Zenou, Yves & Wahba, Jackline, 2003. "Density, Social Networks and Job Search Methods: Theory and Application to Egypt," CEPR Discussion Papers 3967, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    16. Assaad, Ragui & Tunali, Insan, 2002. "Wage formation and recurrent unemployment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 17-61, February.
    17. Clement, Floriane & Ishaq, Saba & Samad, Madar & Acharya, N. Sreedhar & Radha, A. Venkata & Haileslassie, Amare & Blümmel, Michael & Dey, Amitav & Khan, M.A. & Shindey, D.N. & Mit, Rajesh, 2010. "Improving water productivity, reducing poverty and enhancing equity in mixed crop-livestock systems in the Indo-Gangetic Basin," IWMI Reports 212431, International Water Management Institute.
    18. Francesco Bagnardi, 2023. "Manufacturing informality. Global production networks and the reproduction of informalized labour regimes in Europe’s peripheries," European Journal of Industrial Relations, , vol. 29(3), pages 271-299, September.
    19. Shrimoyee Ganguly & Rajat Acharyya, 2021. "Trade liberalization, export quality, and three dimensions of wage inequality," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(4), pages 2157-2179, November.
    20. Yvan Guichaoua, 2006. "Non-protected Labour in one West African Capital: Characteristics of Jobs and Occupational Mobility in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire," Post-Print hal-00346651, HAL.
    21. Milan Žák & Petr Vymětal, 2006. "Institucionální aspekty nové komparativní ekonomie: ČR a EU [Institutional aspects of new comparative economy: Czech republic and European union]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2006(5), pages 583-609.
    22. Taneja, Nisha & Pohit, Sanjib, 2001. "India’s Informal Trade with Nepal: An Exploratory Assessment," MPRA Paper 94864, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Rupieper, Li Kathrin & Proeger, Till, 2018. "Asymmetrische Information auf dem Handwerksmarkt – eine qualitative Analyse," ifh Working Papers 15/2018, Volkswirtschaftliches Institut für Mittelstand und Handwerk an der Universität Göttingen (ifh).
    24. Hideaki Goto & Yukichi Mano, 2012. "Labor market competitiveness and the size of the informal sector," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 25(2), pages 495-509, January.

  26. Tunali, Insan & Assaad, Ragui, 1992. "Market Structure and Spells of Employment and Unemployment: Evidence from the Construction Sector in Egypt," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 7(4), pages 339-367, Oct.-Dec..
    See citations under working paper version above.

Chapters

  1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," International Economic Association Series, in: Ishac Diwan & Ahmed Galal (ed.), The Middle East Economies in Times of Transition, chapter 5, pages 159-185, Palgrave Macmillan.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Human Development," International Economic Association Series, in: Ishac Diwan & Ahmed Galal (ed.), The Middle East Economies in Times of Transition, chapter 4, pages 131-158, Palgrave Macmillan.

    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Ruiqi Wang & David P Hajjar & Curtis L Cole, 2020. "International Partnerships for the Development of STEM and Medical Education of Middle Eastern Women," International Journal of Higher Education, Sciedu Press, vol. 9(2), pages 1-1, April.
    2. Krafft, Caroline & Alawode, Halimat, 2018. "Inequality of opportunity in higher education in the Middle East and North Africa," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 234-244.

  3. Ragui Assaad & Deborah Levison & Hai-Anh Dang, 2010. "How much work is too much? Effects of child work hours on schooling – the case of Egypt," Research in Labor Economics, in: Child Labor and the Transition between School and Work, pages 53-97, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

    Cited by:

    1. Deborah Levison & Karine S. Moe & Felicia Knaul, 2008. "Marking Time: An Analysis of Youth Hours of Work and Study in Urban Mexico," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(4), pages 751-763, November.

Books

  1. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline (ed.), 2015. "The Egyptian Labor Market in an Era of Revolution," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198737254.

    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Adair & Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2024. "Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 53(2), July.
    2. Yusra Alkasasbeh, 2025. "Childhood Vows, Career Costs: The Impacts of Early Marriage and Childbirth on Women’s Employment in Egypt - Evidence from ELMPS 2023," Working Papers 1785, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Jul 2025.
    3. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    4. Yusuke Kawamura, 2022. "Public Sector Employment as a Social Welfare Policy: The “Social Contract†and Failed Job Creation for Youth in Egypt," Contemporary Review of the Middle East, , vol. 9(1), pages 31-50, March.
    5. Maia Sieverding, 2016. "Youth Perspectives on Social Insurance in Egypt: Qualitative Insights on the Gap between Legal and Effective Coverage," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 34(6), pages 851-867, November.
    6. Krafft, Caroline & Elbadawy, Asmaa & Sieverding, Maia, 2019. "Constrained school choice in Egypt," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    7. Ragui Assaad & Rana Hendy & Moundir Lassassi & Shaimaa Yassin, 2020. "Explaining the MENA paradox: Rising educational attainment yet stagnant female labor force participation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 43(28), pages 817-850.
    8. Kemper, Johanna & Renold, Ursula, 2024. "Evaluating the impact of general versus vocational education on labor market outcomes in Egypt by means of a regression discontinuity design," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    9. Yassin, Shaimaa & Langot, François, 2017. "Informality, Public Employment and Employment Protection in Developing Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 11014, IZA Network @ LISER.
    10. Osman, Adam & Speer, Jamin D. & Weaver, Andrew, 2022. "Connections, Referrals, and Hiring Outcomes: Evidence from an Egyptian Establishment Survey," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 342-355.
    11. Anda David & Rana Hendy, 2016. "Does International Migration Help Them Marry earlier? A Hazard Model for the Case of Egypt," Working Papers 1051, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2016.
    12. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2015. "Is free basic education in Egypt a reality or a myth?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-30.
    13. Ragui Assaad & Miquel Pellicer & Caroline Krafft & Colette Salemi, 2002. "Grievances or Skills? The Effect of Education on Youth Attitudes and Political Participation in Egypt and Tunisia," Working Papers 1103, Economic Research Forum, revised 01 Jun 2002.
    14. Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2020. "Vulnerable employment of Egyptian, Jordanian, and Tunisian youth: Trends and determinants," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-166, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    15. Gansey,Romeo Jacky & Genoni,Maria Eugenia & Helmy,Imane Abdelfattah Ahmed Refaat, 2023. "The Role of Cash Transfers in Smoothing the Income Shock of COVID-19 in the Arab Republic of Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10440, The World Bank.
    16. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Labor Market Dynamics and Youth Unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 993, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.
    17. Rania Salem, 2016. "The gendered effects of labour market experiences on marriage timing in Egypt," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 35(11), pages 283-314.
    18. Caroline Krafft & Maia Sieverding & Irene Selwaness, 2024. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s care work and employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(15), pages 501-552.
    19. Marion Dovis & Patricia Augier & Clémentine Sadania, 2021. "Labor Market Shocks and Youths' Time Allocation in Egypt: Where Does Women's Empowerment Come In?," Post-Print hal-02364648, HAL.
    20. Paul Makdissi & Myra Yazbeck, 2023. "Measuring the contribution of stratification and social class at birth to inequality of opportunity," Working Papers 2303E Classification- I31, University of Ottawa, Department of Economics.
    21. Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco, 2020. "School to Work Transition and Macroeconomic Conditions in the Turkish Economy," GLO Discussion Paper Series 730, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    22. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2017. "Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-28, December.
    23. Langsten, Ray & Hassan, Tahra, 2018. "Primary education completion in Egypt: Trends and determinants," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 136-145.
    24. Rim Ben Mouelhi & Mohamed Goaied, 2017. "Women in the Tunisian Labor Market," Working Papers 1160, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    25. Zakarya Al Zalak & Anne Goujon, 2017. "Exploring the fertility trend in Egypt," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 37(32), pages 995-1030.
    26. Pettit, Harry, 2018. "Selling hope? A review of current youth unemployment initiatives in Cairo," GLO Discussion Paper Series 235, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    27. Kenichi Kashiwagi & Erina Iwasaki, 2020. "Effect of agglomeration on technical efficiency of small and medium‐sized garment firms in Egypt," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(1), pages 14-26, March.
    28. Ahmed Elsayed & Soiliou Daw Namoro & Rania Roushdy, 2022. "Empowering women in conservative settings: evidence from an intervention in rural Egypt," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 1287-1322, December.
    29. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    30. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft, 2017. "Marriage, Fertility, and Women’s Agency in Tunisia," Working Papers 1157, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 2017.
    31. Jackline Wahba & Ragui Assaad, 2017. "Flexible Labor Regulations and Informality in Egypt," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 962-984, November.
    32. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Shaimaa Yassin, 2016. "Comparing Retrospective and Panel Data Collection Methods to Assess Labor Market Dynamics," Working Papers 994, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.
    33. Aysit Tansel & Halil Ibrahim Keskin & Zeynel Abidin Ozdemir, 2020. "Is there an informal employment wage penalty in Egypt? Evidence from quantile regression on panel data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(6), pages 2949-2979, June.
    34. Rubén Castro Landsman & Juan Tapia Gertosio & Diego Mejías González, 2025. "Educated workers do not experience shorter unemployment spells: evidence from a literature review," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 59(1), pages 1-8, December.
    35. Samer Kherfi, 2015. "Determinants of Unemployment Duration," Working Papers 909, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2015.
    36. Ayhab Saad, 2018. "The exceptional performance of exporters: Evidence from Egyptian ?rms," Working Papers 1208, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2018.
    37. Rana Hendy, 2015. "Women's Participation in the Egyptian Labor Market: 1998-2012," Working Papers 907, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2015.
    38. Nazier, Hanan, 2020. "Female labor in Egyptian manufacturing sector: The demand side story," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1-11.
    39. Deng,Jingyuan & Elmallakh,Nelly Youssef Louis William & Flabbi,Luca & Gatti,Roberta V., 2022. "Labor Market Transitions in Egypt Post-Arab Spring," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10126, The World Bank.
    40. Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi & Gavin W. Jones, 2018. "Population dynamics and human capital in Muslim countries," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 16(1), pages 057-081.
    41. Pecorari, Natalia & Cuesta Leiva, Jose Antonio, 2026. "Female Labor Force Participation and Gender Norms : A Machine Learning Analysis of the Arab Republic of Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11372, The World Bank.
    42. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," Working Papers 1040, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Jan 2016.
    43. Zafer Buyukkececi & Anette Eva Fasang & Vered Kraus, 2023. "Rising Patriarchy and Declining Economic Opportunity: Life Courses and Social Change in Egypt between 1965 and 2018," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 49(3), pages 561-598, September.
    44. Kalliny, Marize & Zaki, Chahir, 2024. "Are Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries ? Evidence from Firm-Level Data," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10667, The World Bank.
    45. El-Mallakh,Nelly, 2020. "Internet Job Search, Employment, and Wage Growth : Evidence from the Arab Republic of Egypt," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9196, The World Bank.
    46. Jenny Liu & Maia Sieverding & Sepideh Modrek, 2017. "The mental health of youth and young adults during the transition to adulthood in Egypt," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 36(56), pages 1721-1758.
    47. Anda David & Joachim Jarreau, 2016. "Determinants of Emigration: Evidence from Egypt," Working Papers 987, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.

  2. Assaad, Ragui (ed.), 2014. "The Jordanian Labor Market in the New Millennium," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198702054.

    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2015. "Inequality of Opportunity in the Labor Market for Higher Education Graduates in Egypt and Jordan," Working Papers 932, Economic Research Forum, revised Aug 2015.
    2. Ibrahim Al Hawarin & Irène Selwaness, 2018. "The Evolution of Social Security in Jordan’s Labor Market: A Critical Comparison Between Pre- and Post- 2010 Social Security Reform," Working Papers 1185, Economic Research Forum, revised 26 Apr 2018.
    3. Philippe Adair & Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2024. "Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 53(2), July.
    4. Bilal Malaeb & Jackline Wahba, 2018. "Migration Dynamics during the Refugee Influx in Jordan," Working Papers 1190, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 May 2018.
    5. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    6. Tuccio, Michele & Wahba, Jackline, 2018. "Return migration and the transfer of gender norms: Evidence from the Middle East," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1006-1029.
    7. Mongi Boughzala, 2017. "Employment and the Functioning of the Labor Market," Working Papers 1154, Economic Research Forum, revised 11 Sep 2003.
    8. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad, 2020. "Employment’s Role in Enabling and Constraining Marriage in the Middle East and North Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(6), pages 2297-2325, December.
    9. Ragui Assaad & Rana Hendy & Moundir Lassassi & Shaimaa Yassin, 2020. "Explaining the MENA paradox: Rising educational attainment yet stagnant female labor force participation," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 43(28), pages 817-850.
    10. Caroline Krafft & Halimat Alawode, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1056, Economic Research Forum, revised 10 2016.
    11. Reham Rizk & Colette Salemi, 2018. "Own Account Workers in Jordan: Profile and Work Characteristics," Working Papers 1218, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Sep 2018.
    12. Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2020. "Vulnerable employment of Egyptian, Jordanian, and Tunisian youth: Trends and determinants," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-166, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    13. Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan, 2017. "Marriage Outcomes and Women Empowerment After Marriage: A Three Countries Story," Working Papers 1074, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Jun 2017.
    14. Caroline Kraff & Ragui Assaad, 2018. "Introducing the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey 2016," Working Papers 1186, Economic Research Forum, revised 03 May 2018.
    15. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2016. "Labor Market Dynamics and Youth Unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 993, Economic Research Forum, revised Apr 2016.
    16. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Paradigm & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    17. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline, 2017. "Excluded Generation: The Growing Challenges of Labor Market Insertion for Egyptian Youth," GLO Discussion Paper Series 110, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    18. Fallah, Belal & Krafft, Caroline & Wahba, Jackline, 2019. "The impact of refugees on employment and wages in Jordan," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 203-216.
    19. Yount, Kathryn M. & Crandall, AliceAnn & Cheong, Yuk Fai, 2018. "Women’s Age at First Marriage and Long-Term Economic Empowerment in Egypt," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 124-134.
    20. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & John Roemer & Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, 2016. "Inequality of Opportunity in Income and Consumption: the Middle East and North Africa Region in Comparative Perspective," Working Papers 1003, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    21. Viollaz,Mariana & Winkler,Hernan Jorge, 2020. "Does the Internet Reduce Gender Gaps? : The Case of Jordan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9183, The World Bank.
    22. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Hanan Nazier & Racha Ramadan & Atiyeh Vahidmanesh & Sami Zouari, 2017. "Estimating Poverty and Inequality in the Absence of Consumption Data: An Application to the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1100, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 2017.
    23. Semiray Kasoolu & Ricardo Hausmann & Tim O'Brien & Miguel Angel Santos, 2019. "Female Labor in Jordan: A Systematic Approach to the Exclusion Puzzle," CID Working Papers 365, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    24. Alma Boustati, 2020. "The Evolution of Female Labour Force Participation in Jordan," Working Papers 236, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    25. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2017. "The Role of Housing Markets in the Timing of Marriage in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," Working Papers 1081, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 Oct 2017.
    26. Alvaro Gonzalez & Hernan Winkler, 2019. "Jordan Jobs Diagnostic," World Bank Publications - Reports 32751, The World Bank Group.
    27. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft & Irene Selwaness, 2017. "The Impact of Early Marriage on Women’s Employment in the Middle East and North Africa," Working Papers 1086, Economic Research Forum, revised 04 2017.
    28. Ragui Assaad & Samir Ghazouani & Caroline Krafft & Dominique J. Rolando, 2016. "Introducing the Tunisia Labor Market Panel Survey 2014," Working Papers 1040, Economic Research Forum, revised 08 Jan 2016.
    29. Majbouri, Mahdi, 2025. "Preferences and the Puzzle of Female Labor Force Participation," IZA Discussion Papers 17952, IZA Network @ LISER.
    30. Vladimir Hlasny & Shireen AlAzzawi, 2020. "Return Migration and Earnings Mobility in Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 562, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.

  3. Amin, Magdi & Assaad, Ragui & al-Baharna, Nazar & Dervis, Kemal & Desai, Raj M. & Dhillon, Navtej S. & Galal, Ahmed & Ghanem, Hafez & Graham, Carol & Kaufmann, Daniel, 2012. "After the Spring: Economic Transitions in the Arab World," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199924929.

    Cited by:

    1. Arye L. Hillman & Kfir Metsuyanim & Niklas Potrafke, 2015. "Democracy with Group Identity," CESifo Working Paper Series 5281, CESifo.
    2. Ragui Assaad & Ghada Barsoum, 2019. "Public employment in the Middle East and North Africa," World of Labour, LISER, pages 463-463, August.
    3. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2026. "Well-Being and the Authoritarian Welfare State: Sector of Employment and Human Happiness in Arab Countries," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 17-32, March.
    4. Sergio Pinto & Carol Graham, 2019. "Men without work: Why are they so unhappy in the US compared to other places?," Working Papers 2019-016, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    5. Tine Lehmann & Maximilian Benner, 2015. "Cluster Policy in the Light of Institutional Context—A Comparative Study of Transition Countries," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-25, October.
    6. Faria, João Ricardo & McAdam, Peter, 2015. "Macroeconomic adjustment under regime change: From social contract to Arab Spring," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1-22.
    7. McAdam, Peter & Christopoulos, Dimitris, 2015. "Efficiency, Inefficiency and the MENA Frontier," Working Paper Series 1757, European Central Bank.
    8. Shahid Yusuf, 2014. "Middle East Transitions: A Long, Hard Road," IMF Working Papers 2014/135, International Monetary Fund.
    9. BENCHEA Laura - Ramona, 2015. "Rebuilding the Arab Economies: New Regional and Global Strategies," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 02, June.
    10. World Bank, 2023. "Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Public Sector Labor Market and Its Implications," World Bank Publications - Reports 39844, The World Bank Group.
    11. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2024. "Public-private Job Satisfaction Differential: The Case of Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1125-1146, December.
    12. Melani Cammett & Nisreen Salti, 2016. "Popular Grievances and Perceptions of Socioeconomic Conditions in the Arab Region Prior to the Uprisings," Working Papers 1006, Economic Research Forum, revised May 2016.
    13. Hassan Aly & Yousef Daoud & Amr Ragab & Ayhab Saad, 2017. "Young Gazelles and Aging Turtles: Understanding the Determinants of Employment Creation in the Labor Market in MENA Countries," Working Papers 1121, Economic Research Forum, revised 07 2017.
    14. Steffen Hertog, 2016. "Is There an Arab Variety of Capitalism?," Working Papers 1068, Economic Research Forum, revised 12 Jun 2016.
    15. Joao Ricardo Faria & Peter McAdam, 2013. "From Social Contract to Arab Spring: Macroeconomic Adjustment under Regime Change," School of Economics Discussion Papers 0813, School of Economics, University of Surrey.
    16. Assaad, Ragui, 2013. "Making Sense of Arab Labor Markets: The Enduring Legacy of Dualism," IZA Discussion Papers 7573, IZA Network @ LISER.
    17. Assaad, Ragui & Hendy, Rana & Salehi-Isfahani, Djavad, 2019. "Inequality of opportunity in educational attainment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from household surveys," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 24-43.
    18. Kamran Rabiei, 2020. "Protest and Regime Change: Different Experiences of the Arab Uprisings and the 2009 Iranian Presidential Election Protests," International Studies, , vol. 57(2), pages 144-170, April.
    19. Costello, Matthew & Jenkins, J. Craig & Aly, Hassan, 2015. "Bread, Justice, or Opportunity? The Determinants of the Arab Awakening Protests," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 90-100.
    20. Amr Hosny, 2015. "Are we Sure About the Effects of the Egyptian Uprisings? A SURE Approach," Working Papers 945, Economic Research Forum, revised Sep 2015.
    21. Carol Graham & Sergio Pinto, 2019. "Men without work: A global well-being and ill-being comparison," World of Labour, LISER, pages 464-464, October.
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