IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/popdev/v49y2023i3p561-598.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Rising Patriarchy and Declining Economic Opportunity: Life Courses and Social Change in Egypt between 1965 and 2018

Author

Listed:
  • Zafer Buyukkececi
  • Anette Eva Fasang
  • Vered Kraus

Abstract

Despite Egypt's economic growth and educational expansion, gender inequalities and a lack of economic opportunities for young adults persist. Existing studies on social change in Egypt often rely on aggregate trend indicators or focus on isolated point‐in‐time work or family outcomes. This study adopts a life course perspective to (1) trace cohort changes in work‐family life courses for individuals born between 1956 and 1988 (N = 19,970) from 1965 to 2018, (2) assess gender inequality trends in life courses across cohorts, and (3) link different life course patterns to aggregate development indicators. Using retrospective data from the Egyptian Labor Market Panel, multichannel sequence and cluster analyses identify ten typical life course profiles that can be divided into: a state‐structured life course; and various manifestations of family‐ and market‐structured life courses. The economically secure state‐structured life course declined in favor of rising market‐structured and family‐structured life courses. Gender inequality in employment increased across cohorts. GDP growth was associated with economically insecure market‐structured life courses for men and family‐structured life courses of economic inactivity for women. Cohort change in life courses was most rapid in the transition period from authoritarian socialism to unregulated crony capitalism (1980–1990) when cohorts born in the 1970s reached adulthood.

Suggested Citation

  • Zafer Buyukkececi & Anette Eva Fasang & Vered Kraus, 2023. "Rising Patriarchy and Declining Economic Opportunity: Life Courses and Social Change in Egypt between 1965 and 2018," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 49(3), pages 561-598, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:popdev:v:49:y:2023:i:3:p:561-598
    DOI: 10.1111/padr.12578
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12578
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/padr.12578?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gary Pollock, 2007. "Holistic trajectories: a study of combined employment, housing and family careers by using multiple‐sequence analysis," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 170(1), pages 167-183, January.
    2. Monica J. Grant & Frank F. Furstenberg, 2007. "Changes in the Transition to Adulthood in Less Developed Countries," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 23(3), pages 415-428, October.
    3. Thomas Anderson & Hans-Peter Kohler, 2015. "Low Fertility, Socioeconomic Development, and Gender Equity," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 41(3), pages 381-407, September.
    4. Krafft Caroline & Assaad Ragui & Rahman Khandker Wahedur, 2021. "Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, January.
    5. Assaad, Ragui & Krafft, Caroline (ed.), 2015. "The Egyptian Labor Market in an Era of Revolution," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198737254, Decembrie.
    6. Ghada Barsoum, 2019. "‘Women, work and family’: Educated women's employment decisions and social policies in Egypt," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(7), pages 895-914, July.
    7. Ghada Barsoum, 2016. "The Public Sector as the Employer of Choice among Youth in Egypt: The Relevance of Public Service Motivation Theory," International Journal of Public Administration, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(3), pages 205-215, February.
    8. Luca Maria Pesando & GFC team, 2019. "Global Family Change: Persistent Diversity with Development," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 45(1), pages 133-168, March.
    9. Gabadinho, Alexis & Ritschard, Gilbert & Müller, Nicolas S & Studer, Matthias, 2011. "Analyzing and Visualizing State Sequences in R with TraMineR," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 40(i04).
    10. Ibrahim, Solava, 2021. "The dynamics of the Egyptian social contract: How the political changes affected the poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    11. C. L. Comolli & L. Bernardi & M. Voorpostel, 2021. "Joint Family and Work Trajectories and Multidimensional Wellbeing," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 37(3), pages 643-696, July.
    12. Andrés F. Castro Torres & Ewa Batyra & Mikko Myrskylä, 2022. "Income Inequality and Increasing Dispersion of the Transition to First Birth in the Global South," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 48(1), pages 189-215, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Luca Maria Pesando & Nicola Barban & Maria Sironi & Frank F. Furstenberg, 2021. "A Sequence‐Analysis Approach to the Study of the Transition to Adulthood in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 47(3), pages 719-747, September.
    2. Jingyuan Deng & Nelly Elmallakh & Luca Flabbi & Roberta Gatti, 2024. "Labor market transitions in Egypt post-Arab Spring," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 117-141, January.
    3. Machů, Vendula & Veldman, Karin & Arends, Iris & Bültmann, Ute, 2022. "Work-family trajectories in young adulthood: Associations with mental health problems in adolescence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    4. Ewa Batyra & Hans‐Peter Kohler & Frank F. Furstenberg, 2021. "Changing Gender Gaps in the Timing of First Union Formation and Sexual Initiation in Sub‐Saharan Africa," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 47(2), pages 289-322, June.
    5. Raffaella Piccarreta, 2017. "Joint Sequence Analysis," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 46(2), pages 252-287, March.
    6. Liao, Tim F. & Bolano, Danilo & Brzinsky-Fay, Christian & Cornwell, Benjamin & Fasang, Anette Eva & Helske, Satu & Piccarreta, Raffaella & Raab, Marcel & Ritschard, Gilbert & Struffolino, Emanuela & S, 2022. "Sequence analysis: Its past, present, and future," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 107, pages 1-1.
    7. Paola Di Giulio & Roberto Impicciatore & Maria Sironi, 2019. "The changing pattern of cohabitation: A sequence analysis approach," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 40(42), pages 1211-1248.
    8. Fasang, Anette Eva & Liao, Tim Futing, 2014. "Visualizing Sequences in the Social Sciences: Relative Frequency Sequence Plots," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 43(4), pages 643-676.
    9. Philippe Adair & Shireen AlAzzawi & Vladimir Hlasny, 2024. "Fostering decent jobs, formalising informal employment and spurring job mobility in MENA countries," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 53(2), July.
    10. Estelle McLean & Amelia C Crampin & Rebecca Sear & Maria Sironi & Emma Slaymaker & Albert Dube, 2024. "Transitions to adulthood in men and women in rural Malawi in the 21st century using sequence analysis: Some evidence of delay," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 51(14), pages 459-500.
    11. Anette Fasang & Marcel Raab, 2014. "Beyond Transmission: Intergenerational Patterns of Family Formation Among Middle-Class American Families," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(5), pages 1703-1728, October.
    12. Marcel Raab & Anette Fasang & Moritz Hess, 2018. "Pathways to death: The co-occurrence of physical and mental health in the last years of life," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 38(53), pages 1619-1634.
    13. Andrés F. Castro Torres & Ewa Batyra & Mikko Myrskylä, 2022. "Income Inequality and Increasing Dispersion of the Transition to First Birth in the Global South," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 48(1), pages 189-215, March.
    14. Arpino, Bruno & Gumà, Jordi & Julià, Albert, 2023. "Non-standard family histories and wellbeing at older ages," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    15. Ragui Assaad & Caroline Krafft, 2023. "Labour market dynamics and youth unemployment in the Middle East and North Africa: Evidence from Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 37(4), pages 519-553, December.
    16. Elsenburg, Leonie K. & Rieckmann, Andreas & Bengtsson, Jessica & Jensen, Andreas Kryger & Rod, Naja Hulvej, 2024. "Application of life course trajectory methods to public health data: A comparison of sequence analysis and group-based multi-trajectory modeling for modelling childhood adversity trajectories," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    17. Raab, Marcel & Fasang, Anette Eva & Hess, Moritz, 2018. "Pathways to death: The co-occurrence of physical and mental health in the last years of life," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 38, pages 1619-1634.
    18. Ebshoy Mikhaeil & Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, 2024. "Public-private Job Satisfaction Differential: The Case of Egypt," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(4), pages 1125-1146, December.
    19. Madero-Cabib, Ignacio & Fasang, Anette Eva, 2016. "Gendered work-family life courses and financial well-being in retirement," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 27, pages 43-60.
    20. Anette Eva Fasang & Tim Futing Liao, 2014. "Visualizing Sequences in the Social Sciences," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 43(4), pages 643-676, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:popdev:v:49:y:2023:i:3:p:561-598. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0098-7921 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.