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The Impact of Female Empowerment on the Fourth Birth

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  • Mostafa Sayed Mostafa Abd – El Hameed El Misery

    (Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Egypt)

Abstract

The Egyptian strategy aims at reducing the fertility rate from 3.5% children per woman to 2.4 % by 2030. Egypt is one of the most populous countries in the Arab world with a population of 93 million citizens in 2016, and it is set to grow to about 120 million by 2030 if the same fertility level continues (United Nations, 2017). According to the country’s statistics agency CAPMAS (CAPMAS, 2018) Egypt saw the birth of almost 2.6 million babies per year, from 2012 to 2016. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between women’s empowerment and their fertility choices in order to identify how, if possible, can women’s empowerment contribute to lowering their fertility preference in terms of the number of children ever born and thus lowering the total fertility rate. Due to issues with measuring the direct indicators of empowerment as revealed in the paper, special focus is given to women’s education and work due to their role identified in the literature as key resources of empowerment. We estimate a Cox’s hazard regression model to investigate the significant factors that related to having four children. We fit our model using data from the 2012 round of Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. Results show that reaching replacement level of having two children is a big challenge to which policy makers must pay careful attention? females who less empowered have more children than those who are more empowered also.

Suggested Citation

  • Mostafa Sayed Mostafa Abd – El Hameed El Misery, 2021. "The Impact of Female Empowerment on the Fourth Birth," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 5(11), pages 529-533, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:5:y:2021:i:11:p:529-533
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Steven Martin, 2000. "Diverging fertility among U.S. women who delay childbearing past age 30," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 37(4), pages 523-533, November.
    2. Assaad, Ragui & Hendy, Rana & Lassassi, Moundir & Yassin, Shaimaa, 2018. "Explaining the MENA Paradox: Rising Educational Attainment, Yet Stagnant Female Labor Force Participation," IZA Discussion Papers 11385, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Eger, Claudia & Miller, Graham & Scarles, Caroline, 2018. "Gender and capacity building: A multi-layered study of empowerment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 207-219.
    4. Øystein Kravdal, 2002. "Education and fertility in sub-Saharan africa: Individual and community effects," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 39(2), pages 233-250, May.
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