IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/journl/hal-05541828.html

Structural Transformation and Youth Labor Market Dynamics in Morocco: An Econometric Analysis of Employment Patterns, Gender Disparities, and Sectoral Transitions
[Transformation structurelle et dynamiques du marché du travail des jeunes au Maroc : une analyse économétrique des structures d’emploi, des disparités de genre et des transitions sectorielles]

Author

Listed:
  • Said Maizzou

    (Université Hassan 1er [Settat])

  • Youness Ezzaaime

    (Université Hassan 1er [Settat])

Abstract

Diese Studie untersucht die vielschichtige Natur der Arbeitsmarktleistung von Jugendlichen in Marokko mit dem Ziel, Beschäftigungsmuster, geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede und berufliche Veränderungen unter jungen Menschen im Alter von 15 bis 35 Jahren zu analysieren. Wir verwenden einen umfassenden ökonometrischen Ansatz, der ein logistisches Regressionsmodell, ein multinomiales Logit-Modell, eine Oaxaca-Blinder-Dekomposition sowie Machine-Learning-Modelle umfasst, um die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit, die sektorale Zuordnung und die Lohnbestimmung zu untersuchen. Die Analyse basiert auf Mikrodaten der Arbeitskräfteerhebung des Hohen Planungskommissariats Marokkos (HCP) für den Zeitraum 2015–2024 sowie auf aktuellen Querschnittsdaten aus dem Jahr 2026. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass weiterhin geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt bestehen, wobei die Beschäftigung von Frauen etwa 32 % unter der der Männer liegt. Zudem bestehen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen urbanen und ländlichen Regionen. Die Studie zeigt außerdem erhebliche Diskrepanzen zwischen Bildung und Beschäftigung, insbesondere bei Jugendlichen mit tertiärer Ausbildung. Etwa 45 % der jungen Erwerbstätigen sind im informellen Sektor beschäftigt, der durch eine starke Heterogenität hinsichtlich Geschlecht und Bildungsniveau gekennzeichnet ist. Die Schätzung mittels Instrumentvariablen adressiert das Problem der Endogenität und zeigt, dass der familiäre Hintergrund sowie regionale Arbeitsmarktbedingungen eine entscheidende Rolle bei den Beschäftigungsergebnissen junger Menschen spielen. Die Dekompositionsanalyse zeigt, dass der Großteil der geschlechtsspezifischen Beschäftigungslücke durch Diskriminierung oder Präferenzen erklärt werden kann (68 % der Lücke) und nicht durch Unterschiede in den Ausstattungseffekten. Die Vorhersagen der Machine-Learning-Modelle identifizieren die Qualität der Bildung, sektorbezogene Kompetenzen sowie geografische Mobilität als zentrale Determinanten der Beschäftigung. Die politischen Implikationen umfassen gezielte aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitiken, eine stärkere Ausrichtung der beruflichen Bildung an sektoralen Bedürfnissen, geschlechtersensible Politiken sowie strukturelle Reformen zur Verringerung der Informalität und zur Verbesserung der Beschäftigungsqualität unter der jungen Bevölkerung in Marokko.

Suggested Citation

  • Said Maizzou & Youness Ezzaaime, 2026. "Structural Transformation and Youth Labor Market Dynamics in Morocco: An Econometric Analysis of Employment Patterns, Gender Disparities, and Sectoral Transitions [Transformation structurelle et dynamiques du marché du travail des jeunes au Maroc ," Post-Print hal-05541828, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05541828
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18862256
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05541828v1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://hal.science/hal-05541828v1/document
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.5281/zenodo.18862256?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. François Bourguignon & Amedeo Spadaro, 2006. "Microsimulation as a tool for evaluating redistribution policies," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 4(1), pages 77-106, April.
    2. Jon Kleinberg & Jens Ludwig & Sendhil Mullainathan & Ziad Obermeyer, 2015. "Prediction Policy Problems," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(5), pages 491-495, May.
    3. James Albrecht & Lucas Navarro & Susan Vroman, 2009. "The Effects of Labour Market Policies in an Economy with an Informal Sector," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(539), pages 1105-1129, July.
    4. Oaxaca, Ronald, 1973. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 14(3), pages 693-709, October.
    5. Susan Athey & Guido W. Imbens, 2019. "Machine Learning Methods That Economists Should Know About," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 11(1), pages 685-725, August.
    6. Günther, Isabel & Launov, Andrey, 2012. "Informal employment in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 88-98.
    7. Fields,Gary S., 2005. "A guide to multisector labor market models," Social Protection and Labor Policy and Technical Notes 32547, The World Bank.
    8. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
    9. Christopher A. Pissarides, 2000. "Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, 2nd Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262161877, December.
    10. Sendhil Mullainathan & Jann Spiess, 2017. "Machine Learning: An Applied Econometric Approach," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 31(2), pages 87-106, Spring.
    11. Fields,Gary S., 2005. "A guide to multisector labor market models," Policy Research Working Paper Series 32547, The World Bank.
    12. Ragui Assaad, 2014. "Making sense of Arab labor markets: the enduring legacy of dualism," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 3(1), pages 1-25, December.
    13. Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. & Tanabe, Kimie, 2012. "Micro-determinants of informal employment in the Middle East and North Africa region," The Social Policy and Labor Discussion Paper Series 66594, The World Bank.
    14. Costas Meghir & Renata Narita & Jean-Marc Robin, 2015. "Wages and Informality in Developing Countries," SciencePo Working papers hal-03587627, HAL.
    15. Fortin, Nicole & Lemieux, Thomas & Firpo, Sergio, 2011. "Decomposition Methods in Economics," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 1, pages 1-102, Elsevier.
    16. Kimie Tanabe & Diego F. Angel-Urdinola, 2012. "Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region," World Bank Publications - Reports 26828, The World Bank Group.
    17. Kluve, Jochen & Puerto, Susana & Robalino, David & Romero, Jose M. & Rother, Friederike & Stöterau, Jonathan & Weidenkaff, Felix & Witte, Marc, 2019. "Do youth employment programs improve labor market outcomes? A quantitative review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 237-253.
    18. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/4ra95789n9nrr59b6lmini6tp is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Robert Shimer, 2012. "Reassessing the Ins and Outs of Unemployment," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 15(2), pages 127-148, April.
    20. Dale T. Mortensen & Christopher A. Pissarides, 1994. "Job Creation and Job Destruction in the Theory of Unemployment," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 61(3), pages 397-415.
    21. Costas Meghir & Renata Narita & Jean-Marc Robin, 2015. "Wages and Informality in Developing Countries," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(4), pages 1509-1546, April.
    22. Cunningham, Wendy & Salvagno, Javier Bustos, 2011. "Youth employment transitions in Latin America," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5521, The World Bank.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anna Lukiyanova, 2013. "Earnings inequality and informal Employment in Russia," HSE Working papers WP BRP 37/EC/2013, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    2. Christine ABLAZA & Mark WESTERN & Wojtek TOMASZEWSKI, 2021. "Good jobs and bad jobs for Indonesia's informal workers," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 160(1), pages 143-168, March.
    3. Andres García-Suaza & Fernando Jaramillo & Marlon Salazar, 2023. "Tax policies, informality, and real wage rigidities," Borradores de Economia 1245, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    4. Jonathan Lain, 2019. "Discrimination in a search and matching model with self-employment," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 9(1), pages 1-35, December.
    5. Anna Lukiyanova, 2015. "Earnings inequality and informal employment in Russia," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 23(2), pages 469-516, April.
    6. Yassin, Shaimaa & Langot, François, 2018. "Informality, public employment and employment protection in developing countries," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 326-348.
    7. Esteban-Pretel, Julen & Kitao, Sagiri, 2021. "Labor Market Policies in a Dual Economy," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    8. Bobba, Matteo & Flabbi, Luca & Levy, Santiago & Tejada, Mauricio, 2021. "Labor market search, informality, and on-the-job human capital accumulation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 223(2), pages 433-453.
    9. Bonaccolto-Töpfer, Marina & Briel, Stephanie, 2022. "The gender pay gap revisited: Does machine learning offer new insights?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    10. Shahen, Mostafa E. & Kotani, Koji & Kakinaka, Makoto & Managi, Shunsuke, 2020. "Wage and labor mobility between public, formal private and informal private sectors in a developing country," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 101-113.
    11. Boutin, Delphine, 2016. "Migration Experience and Access to a First Job in Uganda," IZA Discussion Papers 10119, IZA Network @ LISER.
    12. Mariano Bosch & Julen Esteban-Pretel, 2009. "Cyclical Informality and Unemployment," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-613, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    13. Tejada, Mauricio M., 2017. "Dual labor markets and labor protection in an estimated search and matching model," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 26-46.
    14. Mizunoya, Suguru & Mitra, Sophie, 2013. "Is There a Disability Gap in Employment Rates in Developing Countries?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 28-43.
    15. Gustavo A. García, 2017. "Labor Informality: Choice or Sign of Segmentation? A Quantile Regression Approach at the Regional Level for Colombia," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 985-1017, November.
    16. Miyamoto Hiroaki & Suphaphiphat Nujin, 2021. "Mitigating Long-term Unemployment in Europe," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 11(1), pages 1-27, May.
    17. Ben Yahmed, Sarra, 2016. "Formal but less equal: Gender wage gaps in formal and informal jobs in Brazil," ZEW Discussion Papers 16-085, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    18. Huikang Ying, 2015. "Labour Informality, Selective Migration, and Productivity in General Equilibrium," Bristol Economics Discussion Papers 15/653, School of Economics, University of Bristol, UK.
    19. Daniel Haanwinckel & Rodrigo R Soares, 2021. "Workforce Composition, Productivity, and Labour Regulations in a Compensating Differentials Theory of Informality [Search with Multi-worker Firms]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 88(6), pages 2970-3010.
    20. Nawazuddin Ahmed & D. K. Nauriyal, 2025. "Re-examining Wage Disparities Across Segments of the Indian Labor Market," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 17(2), pages 244-264, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05541828. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.