Efecto de la globalización sobre la desigualdad. Un estudio global para 104 países usando regresiones cuantílicas[Effect of globalization on inequality. A global study for 104 countries using quantile regressions]

Inequality is a problem that has been raising over time, generating high economic and social costs. In this sense, the present investigation evaluated the nexus between globalization and inequality for 104 countries classified by their income level using a Econometric study during 1995-2018. For a broader analysis, variables of control that symbolized the economic, demographic, institutional and fiscal effect. Your data were compiled from KOF (2020); World Bank (2020); Heritaje (2020) and SWIID (2020). I know used econometric techniques of panel data, such as the GLS model that allowed correcting autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, as well as quantile regressions to identify the impact in the population distribution. The result was a negative relationship between said variables at all income levels, although in the MHIC and MLIC, in the long term. The Public spending and urbanization reduced inequality by significant amounts for certain groups of countries, while government integrity and fiscal burden showed minimal positive effects. Likewise, it was identified that, at a global level and, in the SCI, the Globalization reduced inequality in all deciles. In the rest of the groups of countries, before changes in the other variables, positive and negative impacts were generated, where, the first and last decile were the most sensitive. Policies should focus on evaluating measures of globalization in relation to the economic structure, as well as the increase in public spending, local development and establishment of solid regulatory frameworks, as well as the articulation of the system financial, technological and commercial.