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Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa

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  • Chenghong Xu
  • Mingming Han
  • Toyo Amegnonna Marcel Dossou
  • Festus Victor Bekun

Abstract

The motivation for this study stems from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs) and their impact by 2030. The UN highlights 17 SDGs that address pertinent local and global issues, one of which—SDG‐10—has been devoted to reducing inequality. This study investigates the nexus between trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI), and income inequality in sub‐Saharan Africa using panel data from 2000 to 2015 and the generalized method of moment (GMM) technique approach. The findings show that FDI and income have a negative, statistically significant relationship with income inequality, signifying that as FDI and income per capita increase, the level of income inequality decreases. However, trade openness, education, political stability, corruption, and rule of law have a positive, statistically significant relationship with inequality. This study, therefore, offers some recommendations that will help policymakers. First, develop good policies to attract more foreign investors, which will contribute to creating employment opportunities in the region. Second, create more infrastructures to provide good quality education. Third, implement a good policy to motivate local production which will contribute to creating jobs. Fourth, build a strong institution(s) to fight against corruption.

Suggested Citation

  • Chenghong Xu & Mingming Han & Toyo Amegnonna Marcel Dossou & Festus Victor Bekun, 2021. "Trade openness, FDI, and income inequality: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(1), pages 193-203, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:33:y:2021:i:1:p:193-203
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-8268.12511
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    7. Ofori, Isaac K. & Dossou, Marcel A.M. & Asongu, Simplice A. & Armah, Mark K., 2023. "Bridging Africa’s income inequality gap: How relevant is China’s outward FDI to Africa?," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(1).
    8. Idrissa Ouedraogo & Issa Dianda & Pegdwende Patrik Ouedraogo & Rodrigue Tiraogo Ouedraogo & Bassirou Konfe, 2022. "The effects of taxation on income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-129, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    9. Asiamah, Oliver & Agyei, Samuel Kwaku & Bossman, Ahmed & Agyei, Ellen Animah & Asucam, Joseph & Arku-Asare, Michael, 2022. "Natural resource dependence and institutional quality: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
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    12. Toyo A. M. Dossou & Kihumuro Jotham & Kouessi P. Dossou & Emmanuelle N. Kambaye & Simplice A. Asongu & Alastaire S. Alinsato, 2023. "Do internet and mobile usage affect the Democracy-economic growth nexus in Africa?," Working Papers 23/074, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    13. Ofori, Isaac K. & Figari, Francesco & Ojong, Nathanael, 2023. "Towards sustainability: The relationship between foreign direct investment, economic freedom and inclusive green growth," MPRA Paper 116956, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Isaac K. Ofori & Francesco Figari & Nathanael Ojong, 2023. "Towards sustainability: The relationship between foreign direct investment, economic freedom and inclusive green growth," Working Papers 23/023, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    15. Isaac K. Ofori & Andreas Freytag & Simplice A. Asongu, 2023. "Economic globalisation and Africa's quest for greener and more inclusive growth: The missing link," Jena Economics Research Papers 2023-004, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    16. Khan, Seefat-E-Rabbi & Asteriou, Dimitrios & Jefferies, Claudia, 2023. "Can FDI explain the growth disparity of the BRIC and the non-BRIC countries? Theoretical and empirical evidence from panel growth regressions," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

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