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James Kai-sing Kung

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Wikipedia or ReplicationWiki mentions

(Only mentions on Wikipedia that link back to a page on a RePEc service)
  1. Ting Chen & James Kai-sing Kung, 2019. "Busting the “Princelings”: The Campaign Against Corruption in China’s Primary Land Market," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 134(1), pages 185-226.

    Mentioned in:

    1. Busting the “Princelings”: The Campaign Against Corruption in China’s Primary Land Market (QJE 2019) in ReplicationWiki ()

Working papers

  1. Li Han & James Kung, 2015. "Fiscal Incentives and Policy Choices of Local Governments, Evidence from China," HKUST IEMS Working Paper Series 2015-13, HKUST Institute for Emerging Market Studies, revised Mar 2015.

    Cited by:

    1. Wenke Wang & Xiaoqiong You & Kebei Liu & Yenchun Jim Wu & Daming You, 2020. "Implementation of a Multi-Agent Carbon Emission Reduction Strategy under the Chinese Dual Governance System: An Evolutionary Game Theoretical Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-21, November.
    2. Gao, Yuan & Li, Jianjun & Wu, Yaping, 2025. "Competition and tax avoidance: Evidence from quasi natural experiment of the implementation of Anti-Trust Law," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    3. Hongsheng Fang & Yunqing Su & Weijun Lu, 2022. "Tax incentive and firm investment: Evidence from the Income Tax Revenue Sharing Reform in China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(5), pages 4849-4884, December.
    4. Jing Cao & Jie Mao, 2022. "Firm performance and economic development: Evidence from a unique dataset of China," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(3), pages 447-464, July.
    5. Yi Huang & Marco Pagano & Ugo Panizza, 2017. "Local Crowding Out in China," EIEF Working Papers Series 1707, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), revised Feb 2019.
    6. Cheng, Jing, 2021. "Analysis of commercial land leasing of the district governments of Beijing in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    7. Shen, Yanyan & Guo, Feng & Li, Zhen, 2024. "Unintended effects of tax-sharing adjustments on firms' pollution emissions: Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    8. Tian, Zhihua & Hu, An & Chen, Yang & Shao, Shuai, 2023. "Local officials’ tenure and CO2 emissions in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    9. Waxman, Andrew & Liang, Yuanning & Li, Shanjun & Barwick, Panle Jia & Zhao, Meng, 2020. "Tightening belts to buy a home: Consumption responses to rising housing prices in urban China," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    10. Fraenkel, Rebecca & Krumholz, Sam, 2025. "Property taxation as compensation for local externalities: Evidence from large plants," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    11. Aihui Ma & Yaya He & Peng Tang, 2021. "Understanding the Impact of Land Resource Misallocation on Carbon Emissions in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-15, November.
    12. Zhi Wang & Qinghua Zhang & Li-An Zhou, 2020. "Career Incentives of City Leaders and Urban Spatial Expansion in China," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 102(5), pages 897-911, December.
    13. Ting Chen & James Kai-sing Kung, 2019. "Busting the “Princelings”: The Campaign Against Corruption in China’s Primary Land Market," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 134(1), pages 185-226.
    14. Lin-Feng Yue & Jing-Ran Sun & Long-Jian Yang, 2022. "The impact of fiscal centralization policies on education expenditure among Chinese local governments," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2281-2300, August.
    15. Yixin Chen & Bingyang Lyu & Guangrong Ma, 2024. "Revenue sharing, fiscal incentives, and economic growth: Evidence from China," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 77(1), pages 149-183, February.
    16. Zhang, Jianping & Xu, Runda & Chen, Jie, 2024. "Does industrial land marketization reform faciliate urban land use efficiency?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    17. Wang, Jiaxin & Huang, Xiang & Gu, Qiankun & Song, Zilong & Sun, Ruiyi, 2023. "How does fintech affect bank risk? A perspective based on financialized transfer of government implicit debt risk," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    18. Kunpeng Zhang & Yibei Guo & Xiaotian Hu, 2024. "Does Tax Sharing Matter for Export Quality Upgrading? Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, June.
    19. Li, Lixing & Wu, Xiaoyu, 2019. "Housing price and intergenerational co-residence in urban China," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 1-1.
    20. Zhang, Kaixia & Li, Weibing, 2025. "Collaborative regional pollution control and industrial land acquired by polluting firms in border areas–evidence from the air pollution joint prevention and control policy in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    21. Yiming Hou & Guanwen Yin & Yanbin Chen, 2022. "Environmental Regulation, Financial Pressure and Industrial Ecological Efficiency of Resource-Based Cities in China: Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Impact Mechanism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-18, September.
    22. Li, Lixing & Liu, Kevin Zhengcheng & Nie, Zhuo & Xi, Tianyang, 2021. "Evading by any means? VAT enforcement and payroll tax evasion in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 770-784.
    23. Peng, Fei & Zhou, Shibiao & Zhou, Peng, 2023. "Local government fiscal stress and corporate risk-taking: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1677-1695.
    24. Zhou, Yicheng & Lin, Boqiang, 2025. "The energy-saving effect of green fiscal policy: Empirical evidence from China's comprehensive demonstration cities of energy conservation and emission reduction fiscal policy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PA).
    25. Xiong, Jiacai & Huang, Ling & Wang, Xin & Bai, Martin & Qin, Yafeng, 2024. "Local government fiscal stress and regional entrepreneurship: Evidence from a natural experiment in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 177-193.
    26. Jia, Junxue & Liu, Yongzheng & Martinez-Vazquez, Jorge & Zhang, Kewei, 2021. "Vertical fiscal imbalance and local fiscal indiscipline: Empirical evidence from China," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    27. Pi‐Han Tsai & Chien‐Yu Huang & Tsun‐Feng Chiang, 2020. "Fiscal Expenditure And Industrial Land Price In China: Theory And Evidence," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 38(4), pages 593-606, October.
    28. Hong Liu & Lili Liu & Fei Wang, 2023. "Housing wealth and fertility: evidence from China," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(1), pages 359-395, January.
    29. Weimin Zhang & Wangrong Ma & Qiwei Chen, 2022. "Does Regional Development Policy Promote Industrial Structure Upgrading? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, July.
    30. Shengyan Xu & Miao Liu & Ping Hua & Yibo Chen, 2024. "How Has Land Restriction Policy Influenced Green Total Factor Productivity? Evidence from Chinese Cities," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, December.
    31. Cheng, Yudan & Jia, Shanghui & Meng, Huan, 2022. "Fiscal policy choices of local governments in China: Land finance or local government debt?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 294-308.
    32. Junxue Jia & Siying Ding & Yongzheng Liu, 2018. "Decentralization, Incentives, and Tax Enforcement," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1819, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    33. Chen, Ziyang & Chen, Ting & Lin, Yatang & Wang, Jin, 2025. "Building tall, falling short: An empirical assessment of Chinese skyscrapers," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    34. Hanlin Xia & Lin Zhang, 2025. "The Coordination of Monetary and Local Government Fiscal Policies and Local Fiscal Sustainability in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-34, August.
    35. Mo, Jiawei, 2018. "Land financing and economic growth: Evidence from Chinese counties," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 218-239.
    36. Cui, Lijuan & Xu, Yekun, 2025. "Technological change and entrepreneurial activities: Evidence from China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 330-346.
    37. Lu, Yunzhi & Li, Jie & Yang, Haisheng, 2021. "Time-varying inter-urban housing price spillovers in China: Causes and consequences," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    38. Xu Zhang & Tianchu Feng & Chengjun Wang & Chaozhu Li, 2023. "Local Fiscal Pressure and Public Health: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-17, March.
    39. Lu, Shenghua & Wang, Hui, 2023. "How revolving-door recruitment makes firms stand out in land market: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    40. Qichun He & Meng Sun, 2018. "Does Fiscal Decentralization Increase the Investment Rate? Evidence from Chinese Panel Data," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 19(1), pages 75-101, May.
    41. Bo Huang & Haitong Li & Jinghua Lei & Yiqian Wang, 2024. "Free land, heavy burden: Industrial land administrative allocation and local fiscal imbalance in China," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(1), pages 312-333, March.
    42. Xie, Fusheng & Yang, Xiaozhong & Cai, Wanhuan, 2024. "House prices, financing mode and economic growth," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    43. Qi, Yu & Zhang, Hongxuan & Shao, Shuai, 2024. "Valuing high temperature's fiscal costs: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 134-152.
    44. Chen, Haiqiang & Lin, Zhe, 2025. "Local fiscal pressure and new firm entry," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    45. Yingxue Si & Tusheng Xiao & Chun Yuan & Yanyu Zhang, 2025. "Government tax collection incentives and corporate taxation behaviour: Evidence from China," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 65(3), pages 2306-2338, September.
    46. Xiang, Xunyong & Luo, Wenjie & Li, Bin & Liang, Wenquan, 2025. "Decentralized government and firm pollution discharges: Evidence from China’s Province-Managing-County reform," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    47. Wenhui Wang & Mengyun Zhang, 2025. "Revenue-sharing reform and corporate investment: evidence from China’s “five-to-five” sharing reform of value-added tax," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    48. Sha, Wenbiao, 2023. "The political impacts of land expropriation in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    49. Yinan Liu & Zou Wang & Xiaoxuan Jin & Angdi Lu, 2026. "Beyond Wealth: The Impact of Robot Adoption on Chronic Diseases," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(2), pages 145-174, February.
    50. Yongzheng Liu & Bingyang Lv & Hang Tai & Chenping Yang, 2018. "Fiscal Incentives and Local Tax Competition: Evidence from China," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1817, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    51. Kaizhi Yu & Yao Shi & Jiahan Feng, 2024. "The influence of robot applications on rural labor transfer," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, December.
    52. Lv, Bingyang & Liu, Yongzheng & Li, Yan, 2020. "Fiscal incentives, competition, and investment in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    53. Mengkai Chen & Ting Chen & Debao Ruan & Xiaowei Wang, 2023. "Land Finance, Real Estate Market, and Local Government Debt Risk: Evidence from China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, August.
    54. Chang Liu & Wei Xiong, 2018. "China's Real Estate Market," NBER Working Papers 25297, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    55. Feng Wang & Weiwei Liu, 2024. "The Current Status, Challenges, and Future of China’s Photovoltaic Industry: A Literature Review and Outlook," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-18, November.
    56. Yang, Xiaoliang & Barros, Lucy & Matthews, Kent & Meenagh, David, 2024. "The dynamics of redistribution, inequality and growth across China’s regions," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 613-637.
    57. Yang, Zhijiu & Ding, Hai, 2024. "Turning a blind eye: How local government fiscal distress affects the entry of energy-intensive enterprises," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    58. Wang, Jian & Wu, Qun & Yan, Siqi & Guo, Guancheng & Peng, Shangui, 2020. "China’s local governments breaking the land use planning quota: A strategic interaction perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    59. Bai, Caiquan & Xie, Dongshui & Zhang, Yuwei, 2024. "Industrial land transfer and enterprise pollution emissions: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 181-194.
    60. Peng, Qiuping & Zhou, Huaikang, 2024. "Chinese land complex: Hometown ties and corporate land acquisition," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    61. Liu, Ruiming & Yan, Haosheng & Zhang, Zebang, 2024. "Does historic preservation affect firms' output? Evidence from the awarding of the Historic City title in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    62. Yu, Jingwen & Mai, Dongren, 2020. "Political turnover and stock crash risk: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    63. Tang, Peng & Feng, Yue & Li, Min & Zhang, Yanyan, 2021. "Can the performance evaluation change from central government suppress illegal land use in local governments? A new interpretation of Chinese decentralisation," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    64. Feifei Li & Ruile Xue & Songying Wang & Mingyue Du, 2024. "Does the Expansion of Local Government Debt Affect the ESG Performance of Enterprises? Evidence From China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(4), pages 21582440241, October.
    65. Xinhai Lu & Mingxu Bai & Bing Kuang & Danling Chen, 2021. "Unlocking the Relationship between Land Finance and Regional Integration," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, August.
    66. Shawn Xiaoguang Chen & Yudan Cheng & Liutang Gong & Wenjia Tian, 2023. "A Big Push of Panda from the Ground: Land Subsidy and Structural Transformation in China," Economics Discussion / Working Papers 23-09, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics.
    67. Lyu, Bingyang & Ma, Guangrong & Zhan, Jingnan, 2022. "The trade-off between risk and incentives in fiscal federalism: Evidence from China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 1019-1035.
    68. Yi Huang & Marco Pagano & Ugo Panizza, 2016. "Public Debt and Private Firm Funding. Evidence from Chinese Cities," EIEF Working Papers Series 1611, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), revised Aug 2016.
    69. Ya Zhao & Lennon H. T. Choy & Kwong Wing Chau, 2023. "Political Circles and Land Supply for the Service and Industrial Sectors: Evidence from 284 Cities in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    70. Fugang Gao & Huub Ploegmakers & Erwin van der Krabben & Xiaoping Shi, 2022. "Impacts of the political incentive for environmental protection on industrial land supply: Evidence from the cadre evaluation system reform in China," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 101(4), pages 1001-1025, August.
    71. Jing Cheng, 2021. "Mathematical Models and Data Analysis of Residential Land Leasing Behavior of District Governments of Beijing in China," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(18), pages 1-14, September.
    72. Ikechukwu Andrew Mobosi & Patrick Onochie Okonta, 2025. "Revenue structure and budgetary choice in Nigeria: implication for fiscal sustainability of the states government," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 32(3), pages 828-850, June.
    73. Mao, Yihuan & Lin, Yan, 2024. "Do more hands make work easier? Public supervision and corporate green innovation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1064-1083.
    74. Gao, Fugang & Ma, Xianlei & van der Krabben, Erwin & Ploegmakers, Huub & Shi, Xiaoping, 2022. "Causes of industrial land-use regulations in China: A share tenancy perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    75. Liu, Shulin & Wang, Xianbin & Huang, Liangxiong, 2025. "Economic growth target fluctuation and bond issuance by LGFVs," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    76. Alice Y. Ouyang & Rui Li, 2021. "Fiscal decentralization and the default risk of Chinese local government debts," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 39(3), pages 641-667, July.
    77. Yugang Tang & Zhihao Su & Yilin Hou & Zhendong Yin, 2023. "Tax Streams, Land Rents and Urban Land Allocation," CESifo Working Paper Series 10812, CESifo.
    78. Zheng, Xian & Chen, Xingtao & Yuan, Ziqing, 2021. "Exploring the spatial spillover effect of home purchase restrictions on residential land prices based on the difference-in-differences approach: Evidence from 195 Chinese cities," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    79. Wang, Qiuyi & Wu, Jing & Wu, Shuping, 2025. "Export slowdown and increasing land supply: Local government’s responses to export shocks in China," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    80. Gyourko, Joseph & Shen, Yang & Wu, Jing & Zhang, Rongjie, 2022. "Land finance in China: Analysis and review," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    81. Tunye Qiu, 2025. "Does urban housing affordability affect fertility in China," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 1-34, December.
    82. Yanjun Meng & Kun Wang & Yuanyuan Lin, 2021. "The Role of Land Use Transition on Industrial Pollution Reduction in the Context of Innovation-Driven: The Case of 30 Provinces in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, April.
    83. Fang, Hongsheng & Guo, Lin & Shuai, Wenjun & Dong, Ye, 2021. "How to explain the inverted U-shaped curve of tax centralization in China?," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    84. Wang, Weifang & van Noorloos, Femke & Spit, Tejo, 2020. "Stakeholder power relations in Land Value Capture: comparing public (China) and private (U.S.) dominant regimes," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    85. Zhou, Shiyu & Luo, Weijie, 2024. "Pollution consequences of vertical fiscal imbalance: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 85-97.
    86. Mei-Qi Li & Ziyan Li & Wei Zhang & Zehao Wang & Yong Zhang, 2025. "Public services and agglomeration effect under spatial structure: Threshold verification on the provincial capital cities in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(5), pages 1-26, May.
    87. Qiyao Zhang & Bowen Li & Zhongkuan Sun & Beijia Xiong & Fengchen Wang & Chengming Li, 2025. "How Does Land Financialization Affect Urban Ecosystem Resilience Through Resource Reallocation?," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-30, September.
    88. Harry X. Wu & Eric Girardin, 2016. "The ‘new’ normal is ‘old’ in China: Very late catching up and return to the (pre-WTO) old normal," EcoMod2016 9721, EcoMod.
    89. Ding, Haoyuan & Ni, Bei & Xue, Chang & Zhang, Xiaoyu, 2022. "Land holdings and outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    90. Han, Yi & Wu, Mingqin, 2024. "Inter-regional barriers and economic growth: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    91. Chang Xue & Xiaoyu Zhang, 2024. "Promotion prospects and policy choice: evidence from the land market in China," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 200(1), pages 119-147, July.
    92. Irina Yakovenko, 2020. "Fuzzy Stochastic Automation Model for Decision Support in the Process Inter-Budgetary Regulation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, December.
    93. Hu, Fox Z.Y. & Qian, Jiwei, 2017. "Land-based finance, fiscal autonomy and land supply for affordable housing in urban China: A prefecture-level analysis," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 454-460.
    94. Xi, Tianyang & Yao, Yang & Zhang, Muyang, 2018. "Capability and opportunism: Evidence from city officials in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1046-1061.
    95. Hai Xie & Weikun Zhang & Hanyuan Liang, 2023. "Can Local Government Debt Decrease the Pollution Emission of Enterprises?—Evidence from China’s Industrial Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, June.
    96. Xiaodong Yang & Weilong Wang & Xufeng Su & Siyu Ren & Qiying Ran & Jianlong Wang & Jianhong Cao, 2023. "Analysis of the influence of land finance on haze pollution: An empirical study based on 269 prefecture‐level cities in China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(1), pages 101-134, March.
    97. Fan, Xin & Qiu, Sainan & Sun, Yukun, 2020. "Land finance dependence and urban land marketization in China: The perspective of strategic choice of local governments on land transfer," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    98. Jinsi Liu & Hu Xiang & Shengjiao Zhu & Shixiang Chen, 2024. "Spatial heterogeneity analysis of biased land resource supply policies on housing prices and innovation efficiency," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    99. Chen, Ting & Kung, J.K.-S., 2016. "Do land revenue windfalls create a political resource curse? Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 86-106.
    100. Li Fang & Chuanhao Tian & Xiaohong Yin & Yan Song, 2018. "Political Cycles and the Mix of Industrial and Residential Land Leasing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-24, August.
    101. Zhuo Chen & Mingzhi Hu & Zhiyi Qiu, 2022. "Promotion Pressures of Local Leaders and Real Estate Investments: China and Leader Heterogeneity," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, August.
    102. Cao, Xiao & Gu, Runsheng & Ji, Xiaoqing & Li, Yuhang & Zhang, Ruifeng, 2025. "The dual effect of upper-level government implicit guarantees on subordinate municipal corporate bond credit risk: An empirical analysis," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    103. Dong, Zhiqiang & Wang, Xiaobing & Zhang, Tianhua & Zhong, Yuejun, 2022. "The effects of local government leadership turnover on entrepreneurial behavior," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    104. Zhou, Di & Yin, Xiaoshuo & Xie, Dongchun, 2023. "Local governments’ environmental targets and green total factor productivity in Chinese cities," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    105. Jiang, Wei & Li, Xitao & Liu, Ruoxi & Song, Yijia, 2022. "Local fiscal pressure, policy distortion and energy efficiency: Micro-evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    106. Ge Gao & Jichang Dong & Xiuting Li, 2022. "Local Government Debt, Real Estate Investment and Corporate Investment: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-21, September.
    107. Jing Cheng, 2025. "The Determinants of Commercial Land Leases in the Non-Central Districts of a Large City in China: Data Analysis from the Government–Market Perspective," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-17, May.
    108. Liu, Yu & Zhao, Peng & Zhao, Xiaoxue, 2026. "Housing booms and local capital misallocation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    109. Wang, Yuan & Hui, Eddie Chi-man, 2017. "Are local governments maximizing land revenue? Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 196-215.
    110. Zhang, Jinning & Wang, Jianlong & Yang, Xiaodong & Ren, Siyu & Ran, Qiying & Hao, Yu, 2021. "Does local government competition aggravate haze pollution? A new perspective of factor market distortion," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    111. Wen, Qiang & Zhang, Teng, 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty and industrial pollution: The role of environmental supervision by local governments," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    112. Tang, Meng, 2025. "Industrialize with tax structure change: Agricultural tax abolition and local industrial growth in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    113. Yongzheng Liu & Hang Tai & Chenping Yang, 2020. "Fiscal incentives and local tax competition: Evidence from China," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(12), pages 3340-3356, December.
    114. Fei Peng & Shibiao Zhou & Tao Ding & Huaqing Wu, 2023. "Impact of fiscal expenditure stress on green transformation risk: evidence from China education authority reform," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 4565-4601, December.
    115. Wen Lin & Jiangyuan Liang, 2025. "Regulatory decentralization and food safety: evidence from China," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 107(1), pages 54-80, January.
    116. Yu, Qing & Hui, Eddie Chi-Man & Shen, Jianfu, 2023. "Do local governments capitalise on the spillover effect in the housing market? Quasi-experimental evidence from house purchase restrictions in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    117. Xuan Yang & Geng Chen & Chunzi Qu & Zhixuan Chen & Yang Wen & Lei Shi & Feng Long, 2024. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Co-Control of Air Pollutants and CO 2 : Evidence from 282 Cities in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-23, May.
    118. Lei, Yu-Hsiang, 2021. "Quid pro quo? Government-firm relationships in China," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    119. Siyu Han & Mengcheng Wang & Qi Liu & Renyang Wang & Guoliang Ou & Lu Zhang, 2022. "The Influence of Land Disposition Derived from Land Finance on Urban Innovation in China: Mechanism Discussion and Empirical Evidence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-23, March.
    120. Feng, Chen & Tao, Yunqing & Zhang, Yan & Zhu, Xingshu, 2024. "Local land regulatory governance and land transaction prices: Micro evidence from land audits," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1133-1150.
    121. Yu, Weihua & Liang, Wenjing & Yao, Xin, 2024. "The effect of the county-to-district conversion policy on energy efficiency of enterprises: Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    122. Xiaolun Yu, 2024. "Low‐rise buildings in big cities: Theory and evidence from China," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 52(2), pages 366-400, March.
    123. Huasheng Song & Guili Sun, 2022. "Investment Promotion, Tax Competition, and Industrial Land Price in China—Evidence from the Corporate Tax Collection Reform," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-17, May.
    124. Kaishun Li & Kaiming Li, 2025. "Government Intervention in Land Markets: The Role of Industrial Policies in Shaping Land Use Costs," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(2), pages 267-278, June.
    125. Cheng, Jing, 2020. "Analyzing the factors influencing the choice of the government on leasing different types of land uses: Evidence from Shanghai of China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    126. Jia, Junxue & Ding, Siying & Liu, Yongzheng, 2020. "Decentralization, incentives, and local tax enforcement," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    127. Junhong Bai & Jiayu Lu & Sijia Li, 2019. "Fiscal Pressure, Tax Competition and Environmental Pollution," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 73(2), pages 431-447, June.
    128. Zeru Jiang & Bo Zhang & Chunlai Yuan & Zhaojie Han & Jiangtao Liu, 2024. "Can Urban Sprawl Promote Enterprise Innovation? Evidence from A-Share Listed Companies in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-21, May.
    129. Cheng, Jing, 2022. "Analysis of the factors influencing industrial land leasing in Beijing of China based on the district-level data," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    130. Mengting Ruan & Xiaolu Zhao, 2022. "Fiscal Pressure, Policy Choices and Regional Economic Disparity: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, September.
    131. Thiess Büttner, 2021. "Land Use and Fiscal Competition," CESifo Working Paper Series 8958, CESifo.
    132. Shuai Che & Miaomiao Tao & Mingyue Selena Sheng & Jun Wang, 2024. "Demystifying China’s economic growth decline: reform of official promotion aimed at sustainable development," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 1-30, December.
    133. Ziyang Yue & Gangqiang Yang & Haisen Wang, 2023. "How do tax reductions motivate technological innovation?," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, December.

  2. Kung, James Kai-sing & Shimokawa, Satoru, 2012. "Land Reallocations, Passive Land Rental, and the Development of Rental Markets in Rural China," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 125099, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

    Cited by:

    1. Licheng Xu & Xiaodong Du, 2022. "Land certification, rental market participation, and household welfare in rural China," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 53(1), pages 52-71, January.
    2. Xu, Licheng & Du, Xiaodong, 2020. "Land certification, rental market participation, and income dynamics in rural China," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304247, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    3. Li, Xinyi & Ito, Junichi, 2021. "An empirical study of land rental development in rural Gansu, China: The role of agricultural cooperatives and transaction costs," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    4. Lijuan Xu & Abbas Ali Chandio & Jingyi Wang & Yuansheng Jiang, 2022. "Does Farmland Tenancy Improve Household Asset Allocation? Evidence from Rural China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-22, December.

Articles

  1. Ting Chen & James Kai-sing Kung, 2019. "Busting the “Princelings”: The Campaign Against Corruption in China’s Primary Land Market," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 134(1), pages 185-226.

    Cited by:

    1. Jun Du & Xinhui Dai & Bo Yan, 2025. "Typhoon strikes, political costs and earnings management," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 65(2), pages 2065-2105, June.
    2. Yang, Zhijiu & Ding, Hai & Zhu, Wenbo, 2024. "Environmental regulation and land resource allocation in China: Empirical evidence from micro-level land transaction data," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    3. Yanjun Li & Hamza Umer, 2025. "The non‐linear impact of corruption investigations on political trust," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 43(3), pages 539-564, July.
    4. Wang, Jiaxin & Huang, Xiang & Gu, Qiankun & Song, Zilong & Sun, Ruiyi, 2023. "How does fintech affect bank risk? A perspective based on financialized transfer of government implicit debt risk," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    5. Liu, Zhiqing & Yin, Haitao & Zhang, Xuemei, 2024. "Tradeoff between air pollution and economic benefits in migration dynamics: Evidence from China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 669-679.
    6. Weng, Chen & Chen, Jie, 2025. "Can political connections promote corporate social responsibility? Evidence from targeted poverty alleviation programs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA).
    7. Li, Yue & Shao, Xiang & Tao, Zhigang & Yuan, Hongjie, 2022. "How local leaders matter: Inter-provincial leadership transfers and land transactions in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 196-220.
    8. Han, Linsong & Li, Xun & Xu, Gang, 2022. "Anti-corruption and poverty alleviation: Evidence from China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 150-172.
    9. Wu, Haijun & Yang, Jidong & Yang, Qijing, 2021. "The pressure of economic growth and the issuance of Urban Investment Bonds: Based on panel data from 2005 to 2011 in China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    10. Bai, Caiquan & Xie, Dongshui & Zhang, Yuwei, 2024. "Industrial land transfer and enterprise pollution emissions: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 181-194.
    11. Liu, Ruiming & Yan, Haosheng & Zhang, Zebang, 2024. "Does historic preservation affect firms' output? Evidence from the awarding of the Historic City title in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    12. Joseph D Piotroski & T J Wong & Tianyu Zhang, 2022. "Political Networks and Stock Price Comovement: Evidence from Network-Connected Firms in China [Do some outside directors play a political role?]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(3), pages 521-559.
    13. Li, Jidong & Yuan, Cheng & Huang, Zhichun, 2025. "Invest to win: A study of "Local bias jumping" in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    14. Yugang Tang & Zhihao Su & Yilin Hou & Zhendong Yin, 2023. "Tax Streams, Land Rents and Urban Land Allocation," CESifo Working Paper Series 10812, CESifo.
    15. Yuan Qiu & Di Zhou, 2024. "De‐politicization and corporate social responsibility: Empirical evidence from China," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 3668-3684, July.
    16. Li, Weijia & Roland, Gérard & Xie, Yang, 2022. "Crony capitalism, the party-state, and the political boundaries of corruption," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 652-667.
    17. Song, Peixin & Teng, Fei & Xin, Yu & Xu, Liping, 2025. "Transaction-based government-business relationship via government customer," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    18. Klaus W. Deininger & Thea Hilhorst & Zevenbergen,Jaap & Nkurunziza,Emmanuel, 2025. "Capitalizing on Digital Transformation to Enhance the Effectiveness of Property Institutions : Conceptual Background and Evidence from 85 Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11100, The World Bank.
    19. Ding, Haoyuan & Ni, Bei & Xue, Chang & Zhang, Xiaoyu, 2022. "Land holdings and outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    20. Guoli Chen & Jiyang Dong & Jinshuai Hu & Feida Zhang, 2024. "Regulatory institutional misalignment and cross-border acquisitions: evidence from an emerging-market country," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 55(2), pages 172-193, March.
    21. Amin, Abu & Hossain, Md Miran & Lee, Narae & Saadi, Samir, 2025. "Corporate political activities and firms' carbon emissions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    22. Chu, Pengfei & Hou, Xiaojuan & Xie, Guanxia, 2025. "Political connections and bias in ESG news," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    23. Li, Mingyan & Tang, Xuepeng & Yu, Linhui, 2024. "Economic policy uncertainty and the demand for labor: Evidence from the online job postings of Chinese firms," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    24. Qi, Yuan & Lin, Ruihan & Zhu, Daolin, 2025. "Impact of rising industrial land prices on land-use efficiency in China: A study of underpriced land price," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    25. Gao, Haoyu & Ru, Hong & Tang, Dragon Yongjun, 2021. "Subnational debt of China: The politics-finance nexus," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(3), pages 881-895.
    26. Redding, Gordon, 2023. "Societal knowledge quality as catalyst for the competitive productivity of technology: One in a set of several universal processes in trajectories of societal progress," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(6).
    27. Shi, Daqian & Yang, Zhijiu & Ji, Hongkun, 2022. "Energy target-based responsibility system and corporate energy efficiency: Evidence from the eleventh Five Year Plan in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    28. Jones, Sam & Schilling, Felix & Tarp, Finn, 2026. "Politicians doing business: Evidence from Mozambique," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    29. John M. Griffin & Clark Liu & Tao Shu, 2022. "Is the Chinese Anticorruption Campaign Authentic? Evidence from Corporate Investigations," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(10), pages 7248-7273, October.
    30. Finn Tarp & Sam Jones & Felix Schilling, 2021. "Doing business while holding public office: Evidence from Mozambique’s firm registry," DERG working paper series 21-08, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. Development Economics Research Group (DERG).

  2. James Kai‐sing Kung & Chicheng Ma, 2018. "Friends with Benefits: How Political Connections Help to Sustain Private Enterprise Growth in China," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 85(337), pages 41-74, January.

    Cited by:

    1. Fu, Tong & He, Feng & Lucey, Brian, 2023. "Justice as efficiency: Courts and the allocation of electricity in China," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Zhou, Hui & Nagayasu, Jun, 2023. "Is corporate environmental responsibility more valuable in the transitory period? The moderating effect of ownership type," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    3. Chen, Shuai & Ge, Erqi, 2024. "The Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Inter-Generational Transmission of Working in Bureaucracy: Evidence from China," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1159 [rev.], Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    4. Kezhou Xiao, 2024. "Becoming global billionaires from mainland China: 2004–2018," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 753-773, February.
    5. Tee, Chwee-Ming & Wong, Wai-Yan & Hooy, Chee-Wooi, 2024. "Political connections and carbon footprint: A cross-country evidence," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PB), pages 69-85.
    6. Lan, Xiaohuan & Li, Wei, 2018. "Swiss watch cycles: Evidence of corruption during leadership transition in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1234-1252.
    7. Jiamin Wang & Qian Li & Chenmeng Lai & Victor Song, 2024. "Corporate fraud, political connections, and media bias: Evidence from China," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(2), pages 319-353, April.
    8. Chen, Shuai & Ge, Erqi, 2022. "The Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Inter-Generational Transmission of Working in Bureaucracy: Evidence from China," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1159, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    9. Balakumar, Suganya & Maitra, Debasish, 2023. "Do political connections or elite capture matter in access to financial services? Evidence from Indian households," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    10. Wang, Zongrun & Fu, Haiqin & Ren, Xiaohang, 2023. "Political connections and corporate carbon emission: New evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    11. Li Yang & Filip Novokmet & Branko Milanovic, 2019. "From workers to capitalists in less than two generations: A study of Chinese urban elite transformation between 1988 and 2013," World Inequality Lab Working Papers hal-02876990, HAL.
    12. Facchini, François & Jaeck, Louis & Kratou, Hajer, 2024. "The growth-inequality debate revisited by rent-seeking theory: Some empirical evidence," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    13. Zhang, Yi & Liu, Chun, 2021. "Religion and unproductive entrepreneurship: The role of risk aversion," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    14. Shuangyan Li & Anum Shahzadi & Mingbo Zheng & Chun-Ping Chang, 2022. "The impacts of executives’ political connections on interactions between firm’s mergers, acquisitions, and performance," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 653-679, May.
    15. Zhao Wang & Xiaobing Liu & Qinhua Liu, 2019. "Study of the Relationship between Political Connections and Corporate Re-Entrepreneurial Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-28, July.
    16. Barraza, Santiago & Rossi, Martín A & Ruzzier, Christian A, 2022. "Sleeping with the enemy: The perils of having the government on(the)board," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 641-651.
    17. Peng, Qiuping & Zhou, Huaikang, 2024. "Chinese land complex: Hometown ties and corporate land acquisition," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    18. Ling Huang & Haiyue Liu & Jack Hou & Fulong Xiao, 2022. "Long‐term financing effects of Chinese non‐SOEs Belt and Road OFDI," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(S1), pages 1819-1850, April.
    19. Min Yang & Shanshan Wang & Yumin Ma & Jichao Wang, 2024. "Political Connections and Charitable giving of Chinese Private Enterprises: Analysis Based on the Nested Structure Model," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(4), pages 21582440241, October.
    20. Chen, Shuai & Ge, Erqi, 2022. "The Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Inter-Generational Transmission of Working in Bureaucracy: Evidence from China," IZA Discussion Papers 15569, IZA Network @ LISER.
    21. Cai, Guowei & Zhang, Xuejiao & Yang, Hao, 2023. "Capacity utilization shifting or resource-seeking? Benefits for Chinese enterprises participating in the belt and road initiative," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    22. Peng Xu & Guiyu Bai, 2019. "Board Governance, Sustainable Innovation Capability and Corporate Expansion: Empirical Data from Private Listed Companies in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(13), pages 1-17, June.
    23. Chengrui Xiao, 2020. "Intergovernmental revenue relations, tax enforcement and tax shifting: evidence from China," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 27(1), pages 128-152, February.
    24. Liu, Yajie & Cui, Lijuan & Xiong, Yanyan & Yao, Xianguo, 2023. "Does the development of the Internet improve the allocative efficiency of production factors? Evidence from surveys of Chinese manufacturing firms," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 161-174.
    25. Yang, Chih-Hai, 2023. "Competition in the Chinese market: Foreign firms and markups," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    26. Li, Sherry Xin & Wang, Shengzhe & Yang, Shuo, 2023. "What is in Local Dialects? A Field Experiment on Social Distance and Human Capital Development in Job Training," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    27. Dong, Zhiqiang & Wang, Xiaobing & Zhang, Tianhua & Zhong, Yuejun, 2022. "The effects of local government leadership turnover on entrepreneurial behavior," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    28. Zhang, Yi & Liu, Chun & Wang, Ting, 2020. "Direct or indirect? The impact of political connections on export mode of Chinese private enterprises," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    29. Liu, Jiankun & Zhang, Yunliang & Ding, Chante Jian, 2024. "Political background, digital finance, and risky financial asset allocation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    30. Lu, Zhiqiang & Li, Hongyu, 2023. "Does environmental information disclosure affect green innovation?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 47-59.
    31. Danting Cao & Yike Yu, 2023. "Top management team stability and enterprise innovation: A chairman's implicit human capital perspective," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(4), pages 2346-2365, June.
    32. Yan Hu & Stephan Maurer, 2025. "Minority bureaucrats' networks and career progression: evidence from the Chinese maritime customs service," CEP Discussion Papers dp2138, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    33. Bartlett, Will, 2021. "The performance of politically connected firms in South East Europe: state capture or business capture?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 117481, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

  3. Shuo Chen & James Kung, 2016. "Of maize and men: the effect of a New World crop on population and economic growth in China," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 71-99, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Zhu, J., 2018. "The agricultural root of innovation in China," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277219, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Wang, Jun & Ang, James B., 2024. "Epidemics, disease control, and China’s long-term development," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 93-112.
    3. Jensen, Peter Sandholt & Lampe, Markus & Sharp, Paul & Skovsgaard, Christian Volmar, 2018. "Getting to Denmark' : the Role of Elites for Development," IFCS - Working Papers in Economic History.WH 26211, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Figuerola.
    4. Dincecco, Mark & Fenske, James & Menon, Anil, 2020. "The Columbian Exchange and conflict in Asia," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 527, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    5. Nina Boberg-Fazlić & Paul Sharp, 2019. "Immigrant Communities and Knowledge Spillovers: Danish-Americans and the Development of the Dairy Industry in the United States," Working Papers 0155, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
    6. Hanlon, W. Walker & ,, 2020. "History and Urban Economics," CEPR Discussion Papers 15303, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    7. Torben Dall Schmidt & Peter Sandholt Jensen & Amber Naz, 2018. "Agricultural productivity and economic development: the contribution of clover to structural transformation in Denmark," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 387-426, December.
    8. Weiwei Xiao & Xing Yi & Yuqing Zhong & Xiuxiu Yin, 2025. "Commercial Social Capital and Social Conflict: Historical Evidence From China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(4), pages 2413-2430, June.
    9. Chengjiu Sun & Hongfei Li, 2024. "The Celestial Empire: solar eclipses, political legitimacy, and economic performance in historical China," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 18(2), pages 453-491, May.
    10. Ma, Ningning & Zhao, Yiling, 2025. "Catholicism in early 20th century China: A re-examination," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    11. Yang Cai & Sijie Hu & Shengmin Sun, 2024. "Confucianism and war mobilization: evidence from Chinese revolutions," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 18(2), pages 493-529, May.
    12. Galor, Oded, 2026. "The Wealth of Nations: Origins of Prosperity and Seeds of Inequality," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1704, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    13. Juan Moreno-Cruz & M. Scott Taylor, 2020. "Food, Fuel and the Domesday Economy," NBER Working Papers 27414, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Oded Galor, 2024. "Unified Growth Theory: Roots of Growth and Inequality in the Wealth of Nations," CESifo Working Paper Series 11571, CESifo.
    15. Guillaume Blanc & Romain Wacziarg, 2025. "Malthusian Migrations," Lewis Lab Working Papers Series 0008, Arthur Lewis Lab, The University of Manchester.
    16. Bai, Yu & Arabadzhyan, Anastasia & Li, Yanjun, 2022. "The legacy of the Great Wall," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 120-147.
    17. Maurizio Malpede & Giacomo Falchetta & Soheil Shayegh, 2023. "Mosquitoes and Potatoes: How Local Climatic Conditions Impede Development," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 86(4), pages 851-892, December.
    18. Chen, Shuo & Fan, Xinyu & Colin Xu, L. & Yan, Xun, 2023. "Competence-loyalty tradeoff under dominant minority rule: The case of Manchu rule, 1650-1911," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    19. Sharp, Paul & Jensen, Peter & Lampe, Markus & Skovsgaard, Christian, 2018. "‘Getting to Denmark’: the Role of Elites for Development," CEPR Discussion Papers 12679, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    20. Xiong, Heyu, 2024. "Minor monarchs: The ‘Bad-Emperor’ problem in Chinese history," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(4), pages 813-824.
    21. Jin, Gan, 2023. "Circle of fortune: The long-term impact of Western customs institution in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    22. Jiale Wan & Qian Dai & Shuangyou Miao, 2024. "Population, Land, and the Development of the Commodity Economy: Evidence from Qing Dynasty China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-24, July.
    23. Huang, Kaixing, 2020. "Agricultural Productivity and Income Divergence: Evidence from the Green Revolution," MPRA Paper 108357, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 16 Jun 2021.
    24. Chen, Zhiwu & Lin, Zhan & Zhang, Xiaoming, 2024. "Hedging desperation: How kinship networks reduced cannibalism in historical China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 361-382.
    25. Chen, Shuo & Li, Jianan & Yao, Qin, 2024. "Canal and trade: Transportation infrastructure and market integration in China, 1780–1911," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(4), pages 793-812.
    26. Bo, Shiyu & Chen, Ting & Liu, Cong, 2022. "Trade shocks, industrial growth, and electrification in early 20th-century China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 732-749.
    27. Bo, Shiyu & Liu, Cong & Zhou, Yan, 2023. "Military investment and the rise of industrial clusters: Evidence from China’s self-strengthening movement," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    28. Carillo, Mario Francesco, 2018. "Agricultural policy and long-run development: evidence from Mussolini's Battle for Grain," MPRA Paper 88941, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    29. Ruobing Liang & Xiaobing Wang & Futoshi Yamauchi, 2021. "Cotton Revolution and Widow Chastity in Ming and Qing China," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(1), pages 232-252, January.
    30. Cherniwchan, Jevan & Moreno-Cruz, Juan, 2019. "Maize and precolonial Africa," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 137-150.
    31. Nina Boberg-Fazlic & Peter Sandholt Jensen & Markus Lampe & Paul Sharp & Christian Volmar Skovsgaard, 2023. "‘Getting to Denmark’: the role of agricultural elites for development," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 525-569, December.
    32. Kym Anderson, 2023. "Agriculture's globalization: Endowments, technologies, tastes and policies," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(4), pages 1314-1352, September.
    33. Sijie Hu, 2023. "Survival of the literati: Social status and reproduction in Ming–Qing China," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(4), pages 2025-2070, October.
    34. Li, Ya-Wei (Jake), 2020. "When Does Critical Habitat Designation Benefit Species Recovery?," Center for Growth and Opportunity at Utah State University 307170, Center for Growth and Opportunity.
    35. Ying Bai & James Kai-sing Kung, 2022. "Surname distance and technology diffusion: the case of the adoption of maize in late imperial China," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 569-607, December.
    36. Liang, Ruobing & Wang, Xiaobing & Yamauchi, Futoshi, "undated". "Cotton Revolution And Widow Chastity In Ming And Qing China," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274177, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    37. Guillaume Blanc and Romain Wacziarg, 2026. "Malthusian Migrations," Discussion Papers dp26-05, Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University.
    38. Galor, Oded, 2024. "Unified Growth Theory: Engines of Growth and Inequality in the Wealth of Nations," IZA Discussion Papers 17491, IZA Network @ LISER.
    39. Deng, Kent & Shengmin, Sun, 2019. "China’s extraordinary population expansion and its determinants during the qing period, 1644-1911," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 100921, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    40. Cai, Yang & Chen, Shuo & Li, Dongxu, 2025. "The Long-term effect of social disasters on stock market participation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    41. Jean-Louis Combes & Mary-Françoise Renard & Shuo Shi, 2020. "Have unequal treaties fostered domestic market integration in Late Imperial China ?," Working Papers hal-02619286, HAL.
    42. Cai, Yang & Zhu, Jiong, 2024. "Cooperative culture and the birth of modern enterprises in China: Evidence from the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    43. Chen, Ting & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2022. "War shocks, migration, and historical spatial development in China," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    44. Li, Shihan & Li, Si & Liu, Qingfu & Wei, Xiao, 2025. "Still water runs deep: Soft power in chinese prefectures and municipalities," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    45. Wenbin Huang, 2022. "Government Land Regulations and Housing Supply Elasticity in Urban China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 30(4), pages 122-148, July.
    46. Xiong, Hao & Hou, Fei & Li, Hanwen & Wang, Huabing, 2020. "Does rice farming shape audit quality: Evidence from signing auditors level analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 403-420.
    47. Mitchener, Kris James & Ma, Debin, 2016. "Introduction to the special issue: a new economic history of China," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 69191, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    48. Jiang, Weijie & Shan, Yike, 2025. "Surname distance and inter-city collaborative innovation," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).

  4. Chen, Ting & Kung, J.K.-S., 2016. "Do land revenue windfalls create a political resource curse? Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 86-106.

    Cited by:

    1. Jun Du & Xinhui Dai & Bo Yan, 2025. "Typhoon strikes, political costs and earnings management," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 65(2), pages 2065-2105, June.
    2. Danglun Luo & Congcong Liu & Lifan Wu, 2020. "Horizontal Networks and Economic Performance: Evidence from City Leaders in China," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 101(4), pages 1359-1373, July.
    3. Wu, Yan & Heerink, Nico & Yu, Linhui, 2024. "Beyond the collateral channel: Real estate prices and manufacturing firm investment in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    4. Dongshui Xie & Caiquan Bai & Weiwei Xiao, 2022. "Institutional environment, development model transformation and North–South economic disparity in China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(4), pages 1877-1906, December.
    5. Li, Cheng & Wang, Le & Zhang, Junsen, 2024. "Politician’s childhood experience and government policies: Evidence from the Chinese Great Famine," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 76-92.
    6. Wu, Zhilin & Long, Haiming & Song, Hui, 2024. "The impact of infrastructure investment on multidimensional poverty. Evidence from Chinese rural migrant workers," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(3).
    7. Tian, Zhihua & Hu, An & Chen, Yang & Shao, Shuai, 2023. "Local officials’ tenure and CO2 emissions in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    8. Aihui Ma & Yaya He & Peng Tang, 2021. "Understanding the Impact of Land Resource Misallocation on Carbon Emissions in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-15, November.
    9. Zhi Wang & Qinghua Zhang & Li-An Zhou, 2020. "Career Incentives of City Leaders and Urban Spatial Expansion in China," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 102(5), pages 897-911, December.
    10. Hengzhou Xu & Fenghui Sun & Shuangliang Liu, 2025. "Land Misallocation and Urban Green Innovation: From the Perspective of Asymmetrical Innovation Theory," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 46(3), pages 1835-1855, April.
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    2. Dongshui Xie & Caiquan Bai & Weiwei Xiao, 2022. "Institutional environment, development model transformation and North–South economic disparity in China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(4), pages 1877-1906, December.
    3. Becker, Sascha O. & Rubin, Jared & Woessmann, Ludger, 2020. "Religion in Economic History : A Survey," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1273, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    4. Henderson, Stuart, 2016. "Religion and development in post-famine Ireland," QUCEH Working Paper Series 2016-01, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's University Centre for Economic History.
    5. Boris Gershman, 2016. "Long-Run Development and the New Cultural Economics," Working Papers 2016-06, American University, Department of Economics.
    6. Dong, Zhiqiang & Zhang, Yongjing, 2016. "Accumulated social capital, institutional quality, and economic performance: Evidence from China," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 206-219.
    7. Becker, Sascha O & Won, Cheongyeon, 2021. "Jesus speaks Korean : Christianity and literacy in colonial Korea," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1322, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    8. Sascha O. Becker & Steven Pfaff & Jared Rubin, 2015. "Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation," Working Papers 15-29, Chapman University, Economic Science Institute.
    9. Hanlon, W. Walker & ,, 2020. "History and Urban Economics," CEPR Discussion Papers 15303, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    10. Lin, Chen & Ma, Chicheng & Sun, Yuchen & Xu, Yuchen, 2021. "The telegraph and modern banking development, 1881–1936," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 730-749.
    11. Becker, Sascha O. & Won, Cheongyeon, 2024. "Conquering Korea for Jesus: Protestant missionaries, local churches, and literacy in Colonial Korea," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
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  7. Bai, Ying & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2014. "The shaping of an institutional choice: Weather shocks, the Great Leap Famine, and agricultural decollectivization in China," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1-26.

    Cited by:

    1. Xiaolei Wang & Zihan Zhao & Ximou Han & Jinliang Liu & Jessica Kitch & Yongmei Liu & Hao Yang, 2022. "Evaluating the Evolution of Soil Erosion under Catchment Farmland Abandonment Using Lakeshore Sediment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-21, September.
    2. Shengmin Sun & Qiang Chen, 2014. "Measuring the Effects of Decollectivization on China's Agricultural Growth: A Panel GMM Approach, 1970-1987," SDU Working Papers 2014-05, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    3. Zeng, Zhaojin & Eisenman, Joshua, 2018. "The price of persecution: The long-term effects of the Anti-Rightist Campaign on economic performance in post-Mao China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 249-260.
    4. Xiao, Shukang & Liang, Pinghan, 2025. "Marx meets Weber: The dissolution of communes and the rise of religious public goods in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    5. Shengmin Sun & Qiang Chen, 2020. "Household responsibility system and China's agricultural: Growth revisited: Addressing endogenous institutional change," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 537-558, October.
    6. Shaobo, WANG & Xiaolong, LUO, 2022. "The evolution of government behaviors and urban expansion in Shanghai," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    7. Wang, Haining & Cheng, Zhiming & Smyth, Russell, 2024. "Parental early-life exposure to land reform and household investment in children’s education," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    8. Li, Yanjun & Bai, Yu & Nakabayashi, Masaki, 2025. "Land reform and illegal adoption of children," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 182-208.
    9. Chen, Shuo & Xie, Bin, 2025. "The abolition of People’s Communes and fertility decline in rural China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    10. Wangda Liao & Fusheng Zeng & Meseret Chanieabate, 2022. "Mechanization of Small-Scale Agriculture in China: Lessons for Enhancing Smallholder Access to Agricultural Machinery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, June.
    11. Haifei Wang & Hongjun Wu & Peter Humphreys, 2022. "Chinese Merchant Group Culture, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Cost of Debt: Evidence from Private Listed Firms in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, February.
    12. Xu, Huayu, 2021. "The long-term health and economic consequences of improved property rights," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
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    15. Hu, Zhi-An & Huang, Wei & Luo, Wei & You, Wuyue & Zhang, Chuanchuan, 2024. "The educational and labor market consequences of teenage exposure to rural land decollectivization in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).

  8. Kung, James Kai-sing, 2014. "The Emperor Strikes Back: Political Status, Career Incentives and Grain Procurement during China's Great Leap Famine," Political Science Research and Methods, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 179-211, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Che, Jiahua & Chung, Kim-Sau & Lu, Yang K., 2017. "Decentralization and political career concerns," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 201-210.
    2. Kung, James Kai-sing & Zhou, Titi, 2021. "Political elites and hometown favoritism in famine-stricken China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 22-37.
    3. Cormac Ó Gráda, 2016. "“The Last, the Most Dreadful Resource of Nature”: Economic-Historical Reflections on Famine," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 44(2), pages 225-241, June.

  9. Kung, James Kai-sing & Ma, Chicheng, 2014. "Autarky and the Rise and Fall of Piracy in Ming China," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 74(2), pages 509-534, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Shuo Chen & James Kai-sing Kung, 2016. "Of maize and men: the effect of a New World crop on population and economic growth in China," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 71-99, March.
    2. Qiang Chen & Yijiang Wang & Chun-lei Yang, 2014. "Taxation under Autocracy: Theory and Evidence from Late Imperial China," SDU Working Papers 2014-03, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    3. Feng, Chen & Bai, Caiquan & Kang, Yankun, 2023. "Historical social capital and contemporary private investment choices," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Torben Klarl, 2025. "Creative class dynamics, technological evolution and growth," Bremen Papers on Economics & Innovation 2504, University of Bremen, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics.
    5. Mitchener, Kris James & Ma, Debin, 2016. "Introduction to the special issue: a new economic history of China," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 69191, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Gilles Paché, 2024. "Do Tensions In The South China Sea Herald The Collapse Of Global Supply Chains?," Post-Print hal-04683314, HAL.

  10. Kung, James Kai-sing & Ma, Chicheng, 2014. "Can cultural norms reduce conflicts? Confucianism and peasant rebellions in Qing China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 132-149.

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    1. Jiwei Qian & Tuan‐Hwee Sng, 2021. "The state in Chinese economic history," Australian Economic History Review, Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(3), pages 359-395, November.
    2. Zhongju Liao & Yuhan Wu, 2025. "Formal institutions, informal institutions, and firms' environmental innovation: An application of the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(1), pages 668-680, February.
    3. Lopez-Uribe, Maria del Pilar & Castells-Quintana, David & McDermott, Thomas K. J., 2017. "Geography, institutions and development: a review ofthe long-run impacts of climate change," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 65147, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Becker, Sascha O. & Bentzen, Jeanet Sinding & Kok, Chun Chee, 2025. "Gender and Religion : A Survey," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1588, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    5. Chen Feng & Beibei Shi & Ming Xu, 2020. "The political origin of differences in long-term economic prosperity: centralization versus decentralization," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 14(3), pages 581-639, September.
    6. James Alm & Weizheng Lai & Xun Li, 2022. "Housing market regulations and strategic divorce propensity in China," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 35(3), pages 1103-1131, July.
    7. Xiao, Zhongyi & Xia, Zhongwei & Chen, Haitao & Gu, Yu, 2025. "Does the Confucianism in audit firms enhance the corporate ESG Disclosure?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(PA).
    8. Camille Laville, 2018. "The econometrical causal analysis of internal conflicts: The evolutions of a growing literature [L’analyse économétrique des conflits internes par l’approche causale : les évolutions d’une littérature en expansion]," CERDI Working papers hal-01940461, HAL.
    9. Chen, Zihao & Tian, Xu, 2025. "The relaxation of birth control policies adversely affects women's income: Evidence from China's universal two-child policy," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    10. Chen, Shihua & Ye, Yan & Jia, Fei & Wang, Chengqi, 2022. "Accounting for the role of culture in board directors’ dissent," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    11. Min Huang & Xiaobo Li & Jun Xia & Mengyao Li, 2024. "Does Confucianism Prompt Firms to Participate in Poverty Alleviation Campaigns?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 189(4), pages 743-762, February.
    12. Xinyu Fan & Lingwei Wu, 2023. "The Shaping Of A Gender Norm: Marriage, Labor, And Foot‐Binding In Historical China," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 64(4), pages 1819-1850, November.
    13. Wang, Kun & Yu, Naifu & Ma, Ying & Tang, Yingkai, 2023. "Environmental regulation and corporate philanthropy: Evidence and mechanism from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    14. Xunan Feng & Zhi Jin & Anders C. Johansson, 2021. "How beliefs influence behaviour: Confucianism and innovation in China," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(3), pages 501-525, July.
    15. Xu, Xianxiang & Bi, Qingmiao & Wu, Manling & Zhu, Xiaoyu (Ross), 2025. "Speaking differently: How dialect affects E-government adoption," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    16. Jian Yang & Chaohua Dong & Yongjin Chen, 2021. "Government’s Economic Performance Fosters Trust in Government in China: Assessing the Moderating Effect of Respect for Authority," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 154(2), pages 545-558, April.
    17. Fu, Liping & Wang, Ruizhen & He, Chaoying, 2025. "Gender differences in later life: Labor supply responses to spousal disability," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 366(C).
    18. Fenske, James & Kala, Namrata, 2017. "1807: Economic shocks, conflict and the slave trade," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 66-76.
    19. Shuo Chen & James Kai-sing Kung, 2016. "Of maize and men: the effect of a New World crop on population and economic growth in China," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 71-99, March.
    20. Lixia Wang & Haiyun Liu, 2024. "Included or Excluded? When Foreign Direct Investment Meets the Confucian Clan in China," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(4), pages 17232-17255, December.
    21. Chen, Mingcong & Sun, Qiqi & Tang, Lizhi, 2025. "The impact of tap water on household vulnerability to poverty: Evidence from rural China," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    22. Boxell, Levi, 2019. "Droughts, conflict, and the African slave trade," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 774-791.
    23. Chengjiu Sun & Hongfei Li, 2024. "The Celestial Empire: solar eclipses, political legitimacy, and economic performance in historical China," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 18(2), pages 453-491, May.
    24. Tang, Linjia & Guo, Yingying & Zha, Jianfeng & Zheng, Weiwei, 2024. "Acquiescence or Redemption: CEO’s early-life experience of environmental pollution and corporate green innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    25. Fang, Ming & Lai, Weizheng & Xia, Congling, 2025. "Anti-corruption and political trust: Evidence from China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    26. Zhiwu Chen & Chicheng Ma & Andrew J Sinclair, 2022. "Banking on the Confucian Clan: Why China Developed Financial Markets so Late," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(644), pages 1378-1413.
    27. Marshall Burke & Solomon M. Hsiang & Edward Miguel, 2014. "Climate and Conflict," NBER Working Papers 20598, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    28. Qian, Nancy & Iyigun, Murat & Nunn, Nathan, 2017. "Winter is Coming: The Long-Run Effects of Climate Change on Conflict, 1400-1900," CEPR Discussion Papers 11760, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    29. Cheng-Wen Lee & Min-Ying Cheng, 2024. "The Impact of Ancient Traditional Culture on Earnings Quality: The Moderating Role of Marketization Index in China's A-Share Market," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20.
    30. Luo, Haotian & Hu, Qing, 2024. "A re-examination of the influence of human capital on urban-rural income gap in China: College enrollment expansion, digital economy and spatial spillover," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 494-519.
    31. Yang Cai & Sijie Hu & Shengmin Sun, 2024. "Confucianism and war mobilization: evidence from Chinese revolutions," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 18(2), pages 493-529, May.
    32. Li, Weibing & Li, Mingyang & Chen, Siyuan, 2025. "Automation and household conflict: How industrial robots reduce domestic violence risk," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PB).
    33. Liu, Haiming & Liang, Quanxi & Ling, Leng, 2022. "Underrepresentation of female CEOs in China: The role of culture, market forces, and foreign experience of directors," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    34. Kong, Xiaoran & Xu, Siping & Liu, Ming-Yu & Ho, Kung-Cheng, 2023. "Confucianism and D&O insurance demand of Chinese listed companies," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    35. Qing Wan & Xiaoke Cheng & Kam C. Chan & Shenghao Gao, 2021. "Born to innovate? The birth‐order effect of CEOs on corporate innovation," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(9-10), pages 1846-1888, October.
    36. Fang, Guanfu & Gao, Tiantian & He, Huanlang & Sun, Qian, 2023. "Public credit information arrangements and entrepreneurship: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    37. Di Pei & Gary Kreps & Xiaoquan Zhao, 2023. "The Role of Uncertainty and Negative Emotion in Chinese Parents’ Self-Medication of Children with Antibiotics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-14, August.
    38. David Castells-Quintana & Maria del Pilar Lopez-Uribe & Tom McDermott, 2015. "Climate change and the geographical and institutional drivers of economic development," GRI Working Papers 198, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
    39. Laville,Camille & Mandon,Pierre Jean-Claude, 2023. "Internal Conflicts and Shocks. A Narrative Meta-Analysis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10315, The World Bank.
    40. Shuo Chen & Yaohui Peng & Danli Wang, 2024. "Communism and patricide: Collectivization and domestic violence in 1960s China," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 77(2), pages 703-727, May.
    41. Junhong Chu & Haoming Liu & I. P. L. Png, 2018. "Nonlabor Income and Age at Marriage: Evidence From China’s Heating Policy," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 55(6), pages 2345-2370, December.
    42. Wei Zou & Ruiqi Ma, 2024. "An Extended Family Perspective on Intergenerational Human Capital Transmission in China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 174(3), pages 1101-1139, September.
    43. Limin Du & Zhenhao Lai & Jinchuan Shi & Zheng Wang, 2024. "Comrades from the town: How did a factory‐commune pairing policy during the Send‐Down Movement propel rural industrialization in China?," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 25-47, January.
    44. Chen, Shuo & Fan, Xinyu & Colin Xu, L. & Yan, Xun, 2023. "Competence-loyalty tradeoff under dominant minority rule: The case of Manchu rule, 1650-1911," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    45. Liu, Ping & Zhang, Hanxiong & Xu, Zhongxiang & Xing, Kai, 2025. "From academia to the courtroom: Impact of academic executives on corporate litigation risk," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
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    47. Jin, Gan, 2023. "Circle of fortune: The long-term impact of Western customs institution in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
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    61. Xue, Melanie Meng, 2018. "High-Value Work and the Rise of Women: The Cotton Revolution and Gender Equality in China," MPRA Paper 91100, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    62. Cheng, Maoyong & Fan, Ziying & Feng, Chen & Tian, Binbin, 2024. "Cultural norms and tax compliance: Evidence from China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    63. Yan, Youliang & Xu, Xixiong & Lai, Jieji, 2021. "Does Confucian culture influence corporate R&D investment? Evidence from Chinese private firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    64. Huang, Feng & Ye, Haichun & Zhang, Jing, 2025. "Off the books, away from the market: Clan culture and female labor force participation," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    65. Yuehua Xu & Vishal K. Gupta & Shan Xue & Sandra Mortal & Honghui Chen, 2025. "Female Management Representation and Corporate Financial Fraud: Do Local Gender Norms Play a Role?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 202(4), pages 781-802, December.
    66. Min Huang & Mengyao Li & Cailing Huang, 2024. "Confucianism culture and green innovation: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(5), pages 4862-4877, September.
    67. Liu, Haiming & Chiang, Yao-Min, 2022. "Confucianism and IPO underpricing," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    68. Dong, Baomin & Zhang, Yu, 2024. "Confucianism and science," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    69. Lai, Weizheng, 2024. "The effect of education on voter turnout in China's rural elections," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 230-247.
    70. Lan Yang & Yangyang Wang & Huayan Geng, 2025. "The power of informal institutions: evidence from the impact of religious culture on corporate green governance in China," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 69(1), pages 213-261, July.
    71. Fang, Guanfu & Miao, Liya, 2024. "Expanding boundaries: The Impact of kindergarten availability on women's employment in China," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    72. Xinyuan Wang & Daisheng Tang & Yahong Liu & Tao Bu, 2023. "The impact of high-speed railway on labor market between the North and South: evidence from China," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 71(2), pages 487-515, October.
    73. Feng, Chen & Bai, Caiquan & Kang, Yankun, 2023. "Historical social capital and contemporary private investment choices," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    74. Shaoda Wang & Boxiao Zhang, 2023. "Buddha's grace illuminates all: Temple destruction, school construction and modernization in 20th century China," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 90(360), pages 1335-1361, October.
    75. Danli Wang & Yixin Yang, 2021. "Sexual freedom and family ties: Evidence from China's ethnic minorities," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(3), pages 459-500, July.
    76. Pengfei Cheng & Yuhao Wang, 2024. "Impact of intellectual property protection on enterprise supply chain resilience: empirical evidence from China’s intellectual property pilot and demonstration city policy," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, December.
    77. Yaguang Zhang & Sitian Yu & Shengyi Zhang, 2023. "The political economy of imperial power successions in ancient China," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 197(1), pages 137-166, October.
    78. Huang, Hai & Huang, Wei & Shi, Xinzheng & Zhang, Ming-ang, 2025. "Gender composition, social context, and academic performance in high-stakes examinations," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    79. Koyama, Mark & Xue, Melanie Meng, 2015. "The Literary Inquisition: The Persecution of Intellectuals and Human Capital Accumulation in China," MPRA Paper 62103, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    80. Wang, Jinchao & Luo, Changfu & Dong, Yanfang & Guo, Chu-yu, 2024. "Does intergenerational mobility affect corporate innovation? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 526-538.
    81. Xiu, Zongfeng & Liu, Ran & Yin, Jingwei, 2022. "Confucian merchants culture, social movement and entrepreneurs’ political participation: evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 795-821.
    82. Zixuan Yang & Huang Yu & Jingqiu Zhang, 2025. "New Energy Policies and Informal Cultural Norms Promoting Carbon Equity in Chinese Cities: Synergistic Effects and Regional Heterogeneity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-23, May.
    83. He, Xuan & Xiao, Weicheng, 2022. "What drives family SMEs to internationalize? An integrated perspective of community institutions and knowledge resources," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    84. Zeng, Huixiang & Lu, Wenjia & Zhou, Jian & Kong, Dongmin & Cheng, Xu & Huang, Luqi, 2025. "Collective empathy could leap through time: War heritage and corporate green innovation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    85. Camille Laville, 2018. "The econometrical causal analysis of internal conflicts: The evolutions of a growing literature [L’analyse économétrique des conflits internes par l’approche causale : les évolutions d’une littérature en expansion]," Working Papers hal-01940461, HAL.
    86. Yao, Dongmin & Xu, Aohan & Zhang, Shiyu & Yu, Shuguang, 2025. "Centuries of memory: Historical disasters and modern household savings," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PA).
    87. Dincecco, Mark & Wang, Yuhua, 2018. "Internal Conflict, Elite Action, and State Failure: Evidence from China, 1000-1911," MPRA Paper 87777, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    88. Yu Zhang & Wenqi Zhang & Bowen Cheng, 2024. "The curse of spanning over millennium: Confucian culture and corruption in China," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(2), pages 473-500, April.
    89. WANG, Yun, 2025. "Climate risk cognition and corporate ESG performance: The moderating role of Confucian culture," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).

  11. Kung, James Kai-sing & Wu, Xiaogang & Wu, Yuxiao, 2012. "Inequality of land tenure and revolutionary outcome: An economic analysis of China's land reform of 1946–1952," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 482-497.

    Cited by:

    1. Kumon, Yuzuru, 2021. "The Deep Roots of Inequality," IAST Working Papers 21-125, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST).
    2. Steven Nafziger & Peter Lindert, 2011. "Russian Inequality on the Eve of Revolution," Department of Economics Working Papers 2013-13, Department of Economics, Williams College, revised Sep 2013.

  12. Kung, James Kai-Sing & Chen, Shuo, 2011. "The Tragedy of the Nomenklatura: Career Incentives and Political Radicalism during China's Great Leap Famine," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 105(1), pages 27-45, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Jiwei Qian & Tuan‐Hwee Sng, 2021. "The state in Chinese economic history," Australian Economic History Review, Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(3), pages 359-395, November.
    2. Ren, Qianping & Wang, Liyan & Ye, Maoliang, 2025. "Long-term impacts of early adversity on subjective well-being: Evidence from the Chinese great famine," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    3. Jiahua Che & Kim‐Sau Chung & Xue Qiao, 2021. "Career Concerns, Beijing Style," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(4), pages 1513-1535, November.
    4. Brandt, Loren & Ma, Debin & Rawski, Thomas, 2013. "From Divergence to Convergence: Re-evaluating the History Behind China’s Economic Boom," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 117, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    5. Chen, Xing & Zhang, Peng & Zhang, Ping & Zhuge, Andong, 2024. "The enduring trauma: How officials' childhood famine experiences affect year-end spending surge," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    6. Cheng, Yawen & Kong, Dongmin & Wang, Qin, 2023. "Parents' early experience and children's years of schooling: The long-term impact of son preference," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    7. Shengmin Sun & Qiang Chen, 2020. "Household responsibility system and China's agricultural: Growth revisited: Addressing endogenous institutional change," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 537-558, October.
    8. Ying Bai & Titi Zhou, 2019. "“Mao’s last revolution”: a dictator’s loyalty–competence tradeoff," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 180(3), pages 469-500, September.
    9. Li, Yuan, 2013. "Downward Accountability in Response to Collective Actions: The Political Economy of Public Goods Provision in China," Stockholm School of Economics Asia Working Paper Series 2013-26, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm China Economic Research Institute.
    10. Meng, Tianguang & Su, Zheng, 2021. "When top-down meets bottom-up: Local officials and selective responsiveness within fiscal policymaking in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    11. Li, Qiang & An, Lian, 2015. "Intergenerational health consequences of the 1959–1961 Great Famine on children in rural China," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 27-40.
    12. Qiu, Leiju & Li, Tianyu & He, Qing & Zhao, Daxuan, 2021. "Policy uncertainty and overseas property purchases: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    13. Xin Meng & Nancy Qian & Pierre Yared, 2015. "The Institutional Causes of China's Great Famine, 1959–1961," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 82(4), pages 1568-1611.
    14. Jingxia Chai & Yu Hao & Haitao Wu & Yuemiao Yang, 2021. "Do constraints created by economic growth targets benefit sustainable development? Evidence from China," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 4188-4205, December.
    15. Yu, Jixiang & Shen, Kunrong, 2022. "Incentive effects of tournament size optimization on local officials in China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    16. Mitchell, Austin M. & Yin, Weiwen, 2022. "Political centralization, career incentives, and local economic growth in Edo Japan," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    17. Chen, Shuo & Qiao, Xue & Zhu, Zhitao, 2021. "Chasing or cheating? Theory and evidence on China's GDP manipulation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 657-671.
    18. Shen, Shiran V & Wang, Qi & Zhang, Bing, 2023. "Regularized Campaigns as a New Institution for Effective Governance," Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, Working Paper Series qt0d83b2rw, Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California.
    19. Yan Fu & Jiaxing Cao & Xiaohui Wu & Jiale He & Zekun Zhou & Yulin Zhao, 2023. "Does Environmental Policy with Veto Power Lead to Heterogeneous Emission? Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-19, June.
    20. Bo, Shiyu & Deng, Liuchun & Sun, Yufeng & Wang, Boqun, 2021. "Intergovernmental communication under decentralization," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 606-652.
    21. Xu, Hongwei & Li, Lydia & Zhang, Zhenmei & Liu, Jinyu, 2016. "Is natural experiment a cure? Re-examining the long-term health effects of China's 1959–1961 famine," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 110-122.
    22. Cao, Xun & Kleit, Andrew & Liu, Chuyu, 2016. "Why invest in wind energy? Career incentives and Chinese renewable energy politics," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 120-131.
    23. Jiayuan Li, 2018. "Translating Idea into Reality? A Q-Methodological Investigation of Chinese Local Officials’ Response to the Initiative of a Happiness Index," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 139(2), pages 433-452, September.
    24. Chen, Shuo & Ding, Haoyuan & Lin, Shu & Ye, Haichun, 2022. "From past lies to current misconduct: The long shadow of China's Great Leap Forward," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    25. Zhao, Xiaoyue & Jia, Ming & Zhang, Zhe, 2023. "Promotion vs. pollution: City political status and firm pollution," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    26. Gooch, Elizabeth, 2019. "Terrain ruggedness and limits of political repression: Evidence from China’s Great Leap Forward and Famine (1959-61)," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 827-852.
    27. Ma, Debin & Rubin, Jared, 2019. "The Paradox of Power: Principal-agent problems and administrative capacity in Imperial China (and other absolutist regimes)," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 277-294.
    28. Fang, Hanming & Hou, Linke & Liu, Mingxing & Xu, Lixin Colin & Zhang, Pengfei, 2023. "Political survival, local accountability, and long-term development: Evidence from an authoritarian country," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 15-40.
    29. Zhang, Ping & Shi, XunPeng & Sun, YongPing & Cui, Jingbo & Shao, Shuai, 2019. "Have China's provinces achieved their targets of energy intensity reduction? Reassessment based on nighttime lighting data," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 276-283.
    30. Ding, Yawen & Min, Shi & Wang, Xiaobing & Yu, Xiaohua, 2022. "Memory of famine: The persistent impact of famine experience on food waste behavior," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    31. Caiwen Hu & Zhenyu Wang, 2026. "Officials’ Early Life Experience and Policymaking: The Enduring Impact of China's Great Famine on Government Objectives," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(1), January.
    32. Sheng, Yumin, 2023. "Patronage and authoritarian co-optation of the military: Theory with evidence from post-Mao China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    33. Hanming Fang & Linke Hou & Mingxing Liu & Lixin Colin Xu & Pengfei Zhang, 2019. "Factions, Local Accountability, and Long-Term Development: Theory and Evidence," PIER Working Paper Archive 19-009, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    34. Yuan Li, 2014. "Downward accountability in response to collective actions," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 22(1), pages 69-103, January.
    35. Che, Jiahua & Chung, Kim-Sau & Lu, Yang K., 2017. "Decentralization and political career concerns," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 201-210.
    36. Li, Daniel Z. & Zhang, Qi, 2018. "Policy choice and economic growth under factional politics: Evidence from a Chinese Province," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 12-26.
    37. Kung, James Kai-sing & Zhou, Titi, 2021. "Political elites and hometown favoritism in famine-stricken China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 22-37.
    38. CormacÓ Gráda, 2013. "Great Leap, Great Famine: A Review Essay," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 39(2), pages 333-346, June.
    39. Kodila-Tedika, Oasis & Khalifa, Sherif & Konso Mulali, Ben, 2020. "Who Becomes Minister in an Autocratic Regime? Evidence From DRC," MPRA Paper 103022, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    40. Li, Zhongze & Wu, Yuchen & Zhang, Yi, 2024. "The U-shape relationship between corporate social responsibility decoupling and audit fees," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
    41. Adam Scharpf & Christian Gläßel, 2020. "Why Underachievers Dominate Secret Police Organizations: Evidence from Autocratic Argentina," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 64(4), pages 791-806, October.
    42. Ziying Fan & Wei Xiong & Li-An Zhou, 2016. "Information Distortion in Hierarchical Organizations: A Study of China’s Great Famine," Working Papers 2016-8, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    43. Kasahara, Hiroyuki & Li, Bingjing, 2020. "Grain exports and the causes of China's Great Famine, 1959–1961: County-level evidence," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    44. Sur, Pramod Kumar & Sasaki, Masaru, 2021. "The Persistent Effect of Famine on Present-Day China: Evidence from the Billionaires," IZA Discussion Papers 14291, IZA Network @ LISER.
    45. Gooch, Elizabeth, 2017. "Estimating the Long-Term Impact of the Great Chinese Famine (1959–61) on Modern China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 140-151.
    46. Cormac Ó Gráda, 2013. "Great Leap, Great Famine," Working Papers 201304, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    47. Tan, Chih Ming & Tan, Zhibo & Zhang, Xiaobo, 2023. "The intergenerational legacy of the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine on children’s cognitive development," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    48. Chen, Shuo & Xie, Bin, 2025. "The abolition of People’s Communes and fertility decline in rural China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    49. Siying Yang & Dawei Feng & Junbing Xu, 2023. "Do chairmen with China's Great Famine experience in early‐life affect firm tax avoidance activities?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(4), pages 2214-2247, November.
    50. Wenli Cheng & Hui Shi, 2019. "Surviving the Famine Unscathed? An Analysis of the Long‐Term Health Effects of the Great Chinese Famine," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 86(2), pages 746-772, October.
    51. Xi, Tianyang & Yao, Yang & Zhang, Muyang, 2018. "Capability and opportunism: Evidence from city officials in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1046-1061.
    52. Hayward, Mathew & Cheng, Zhiming & Zhe Wang, Ben, 2022. "Disrupted education, underdogs and the propensity for entrepreneurship: Evidence from China’s sent-down youth program," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 33-39.
    53. Bai, Ying & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2014. "The shaping of an institutional choice: Weather shocks, the Great Leap Famine, and agricultural decollectivization in China," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1-26.
    54. Liu, Zhuang & Wong, T.J. & Yi, Yang & Zhang, Tianyu, 2022. "Authoritarian transparency: China's missing cases in court disclosure," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 221-239.
    55. Zhu, Ge & Wang, Li & Xuejun, Wang, 2025. "Expensive famine: Early hunger experience and diabetes treatment burden," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    56. Cai, Yang & Chen, Shuo & Li, Dongxu, 2025. "The Long-term effect of social disasters on stock market participation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    57. Shuo Chen & Xinyu Fan & Xuanyi Wang, 2025. "Starving and deceiving: Are politicians with childhood famine exposure more honest?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 204(3), pages 287-306, September.
    58. Xu, Cheng & Gao, Jun & Liu, Xinghe & Sun, Yanqi & Koedijk, Kees G., 2023. "Great Chinese famine, corporate social responsibility and firm value," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    59. Zeng, Jiangnan & Zhou, Qiyao, 2024. "Mayors’ promotion incentives and subnational-level GDP manipulation," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    60. Cao, Jiarui & Xu, Yiqing & Zhang, Chuanchuan, 2022. "Clans and calamity: How social capital saved lives during China's Great Famine," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    61. Lu, Yi & Luan, Mengna & Sng, Tuan-Hwee, 2020. "Did the communists contribute to China’s rural growth?," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    62. Nan Gao & Cheryl Xiaoning Long & Lixin Colin Xu, 2016. "Collective Leadership, Career Concern, and the Housing Market in China: The Role of Standing Committees," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 1-13, February.
    63. Davide Cantoni & David Y. Yang & Noam Yuchtman & Y. Jane Zhang, 2017. "Are Protests Games of Strategic Complements or Substitutes? Experimental Evidence from Hong Kong's Democracy Movement," NBER Working Papers 23110, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    64. Xinhua Zhu & Yigang Wei & Yani Lai & Yan Li & Sujuan Zhong & Chun Dai, 2019. "Empirical Analysis of the Driving Factors of China’s ‘Land Finance’ Mechanism Using Soft Budget Constraint Theory and the PLS-SEM Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, January.

  13. Kung, James Kai-sing & Li, Nan, 2011. "Commercialization as exogenous shocks: The effect of the soybean trade and migration in Manchurian villages, 1895–1934," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 48(4), pages 568-589.

    Cited by:

    1. Shuo Chen & James Kai-sing Kung, 2016. "Of maize and men: the effect of a New World crop on population and economic growth in China," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 71-99, March.
    2. Tianyu Huang & Yiyue Quan & Nan Li & Lin Xiang, 2026. "Revisiting the functioning of rural markets: a long-term investigation based on micro-surveys in Northeast China," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 20(1), pages 221-263, January.
    3. Li, Dan & Li, Nan, 2017. "Moving to the right place at the right time: Economic effects on migrants of the Manchuria Plague of 1910–11," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 91-106.
    4. He, Xiaobo, 2013. "Wages and Access to International Markets: Evidence from Urban China," MPRA Paper 44537, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Kung, James Kai-sing & Wu, Xiaogang & Wu, Yuxiao, 2012. "Inequality of land tenure and revolutionary outcome: An economic analysis of China's land reform of 1946–1952," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 482-497.

  14. Ying Bai & James Kai-sing Kung, 2011. "Climate Shocks and Sino-nomadic Conflict," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 93(3), pages 970-981, August.

    Cited by:

    1. Ko, Chiu Yu & Koyama, Mark & Sng, Tuan-Hwee, 2014. "Unified China and Divided Europe," CEI Working Paper Series 2014-7, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    2. Efobi, Uchenna & Adejumo, Oluwabunmi & Kim, Jiyoung, 2025. "Climate change and the farmer-Pastoralist's violent conflict: Experimental evidence from Nigeria," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    3. Zhidi Zhang & Jianqing Ruan, 2020. "Do Long-Run Disasters Promote Human Capital in China? —The Impact of 500 Years of Natural Disasters on County-Level Human-Capital Accumulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Baten, Jörg & Keywood, Thomas & Wamser, Georg, 2021. "Territorial state capacity and elite violence from the 6th to the 19th century," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    5. Katrin Millock & Cees Withagen, 2021. "Climate and Migration," Post-Print hal-03513161, HAL.
    6. Astrid Sneyers, 2026. "Unraveling Food Security, Drought and Conflict Exposure of Somali Households," HiCN Working Papers 449, Households in Conflict Network.
    7. Guardado, Jenny, 2018. "Land tenure, price shocks, and insurgency: Evidence from Peru and Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 256-269.
    8. Olivier DAMETTE & Qing PEI, 2020. "Changement climatique et migrations : un nouveau regard à travers les migrations nomades dans la Chine historique," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 51, pages 17-30.
    9. Chen, Shuo & Fan, Xinyu, 2021. "Warcraft: The legitimacy building of usurpers," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 409-431.
    10. Nunn, Nathan, 2014. "Historical Development," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 7, pages 347-402, Elsevier.
    11. Maria Waldinger, 2024. "“Let them eat cake”: drought, peasant uprisings, and demand for institutional change in the French Revolution," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 41-77, March.
    12. James Kai-sing Kung & Ömer Özak & Louis Putterman & Shuang Shi, 2020. "Millet, Rice, and Isolation: Origins and Persistence of the World's Most Enduring Mega-State," Departmental Working Papers 2016, Southern Methodist University, Department of Economics.
    13. Chengjiu Sun & Hongfei Li, 2024. "The Celestial Empire: solar eclipses, political legitimacy, and economic performance in historical China," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 18(2), pages 453-491, May.
    14. James Kai-sing Kung & Ömer Özal & Louis Putterman & Shuang Shi, 2022. "Millet, Rice, and Isolation: Origins and Persistence of the World’s Most Enduring Mega-State," Working Papers 2022-003, Brown University, Department of Economics.
    15. Cai, Yang & Li, Dongxu, 2024. "Modern banking development during natural disasters: Evidence from the early 20th century China," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    16. Qian, Nancy & Iyigun, Murat & Nunn, Nathan, 2017. "Winter is Coming: The Long-Run Effects of Climate Change on Conflict, 1400-1900," CEPR Discussion Papers 11760, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    17. Thomas Keywood & Jörg Baten, 0. "Elite violence and elite numeracy in Europe from 500 to 1900 CE: roots of the divergence," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 0, pages 1-71.
    18. Qi, Yu & Zhang, Hongxuan & Shao, Shuai, 2024. "Valuing high temperature's fiscal costs: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 134-152.
    19. Rustam Ganiev & Vladimir Kukarskih, 2018. "Climate extremes and the Eastern Turkic Empire in Central Asia," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 149(3), pages 385-397, August.
    20. Qiang Chen, 2014. "Natural Disasters, Ethnic Diversity, and the Size of Nations: Two Thousand Years of Unification and Division in Historical China," SDU Working Papers 2014-01, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    21. World Bank Group, 2016. "High and Dry," World Bank Publications - Reports 23665, The World Bank Group.
    22. Jebwab, Remi & Johnson, Noel D & Koyama, Mark, 2017. "Negative Shocks and Mass Persecutions: Evidence from the Black Death," MPRA Paper 77720, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Lee, Wang-Sheng & Li, Ben G., 2021. "Extreme weather and mortality: Evidence from two millennia of Chinese elites," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    24. Ko, Chiu Yu & Koyama, Mark & Sng, Tuan-Hwee, 2014. "Unified China; Divided Europe," MPRA Paper 60418, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    25. Laville,Camille & Mandon,Pierre Jean-Claude, 2023. "Internal Conflicts and Shocks. A Narrative Meta-Analysis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10315, The World Bank.
    26. Bai, Yu & Arabadzhyan, Anastasia & Li, Yanjun, 2022. "The legacy of the Great Wall," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 120-147.
    27. Masoud Saatsaz, 2020. "A historical investigation on water resources management in Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1749-1785, March.
    28. Qiang Chen & Yijiang Wang & Chun-lei Yang, 2014. "Taxation under Autocracy: Theory and Evidence from Late Imperial China," SDU Working Papers 2014-03, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    29. Chen, Shuo & Fan, Xinyu & Colin Xu, L. & Yan, Xun, 2023. "Competence-loyalty tradeoff under dominant minority rule: The case of Manchu rule, 1650-1911," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    30. Stan Hok-Wui Wong & Kelvin Chun-Man Chan, 2021. "Determinants of political purges in autocracies: Evidence from ancient Chinese dynasties," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 58(3), pages 583-598, May.
    31. Xiong, Heyu, 2024. "Minor monarchs: The ‘Bad-Emperor’ problem in Chinese history," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(4), pages 813-824.
    32. Kung, James Kai-sing & Ma, Chicheng, 2014. "Can cultural norms reduce conflicts? Confucianism and peasant rebellions in Qing China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 132-149.
    33. Kibriya, Shahriar & Xu, Zhicheng P. & Zhang, Yu, 2015. "Economic shocks, governance and violence: A subnational level analysis of Africa," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205321, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    34. Shuo, Chen & Ma, Debin, 2020. "States and Wars: China’s Long March towards Unity and its Consequences, 221 BC – 1911 AD," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 505, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    35. Martina Cioni & Giovanni Federico & Michelangelo Vasta, 2020. "The two Revolutions in Economic History," Working Papers 0192, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
    36. Ai, Hongshan & Zhou, Zhengqing, 2023. "Green growth: The impact of urban forest construction on economic growth in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    37. Chen, Zhiwu & Lin, Zhan & Zhang, Xiaoming, 2024. "Hedging desperation: How kinship networks reduced cannibalism in historical China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 361-382.
    38. Chen, Zhiwu & Peng, Kaixiang & Zhu, Lijun, 2017. "Social-economic change and its impact on violence: Homicide history of Qing China," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 8-25.
    39. Bo, Shiyu & Liu, Cong & Zhou, Yan, 2023. "Military investment and the rise of industrial clusters: Evidence from China’s self-strengthening movement," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    40. Qiang Chen, 2012. "Climate Shocks, Dynastic Cycles, and Nomadic Conquests: Evidence from Historical China," SDU Working Papers 2012-01, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    41. Olivier Damette & Stephane Goutte & Qing Pei, 2020. "Climate and nomadic migration in a nonlinear world: evidence of the historical China," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 163(4), pages 2055-2071, December.
    42. Shengda Zhang & David Dian Zhang & Qing Pei, 2021. "Spatiotemporal shifts of population and war under climate change in imperial China," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 165(1), pages 1-19, March.
    43. Baten, Jörg, 2019. "Elite Violence and Elite Numeracy in Europe from 500 to 1900 CE: A Co-Evolution?," CEPR Discussion Papers 14013, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    44. Kevin Sylwester, 2019. "Imperial Synchronicity in Eurasia: 300 BCE To 1500 CE," Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, Eurasian Publications, vol. 7(2), pages 59-73.
    45. Ma, Debin & Chen, Shuo, 2020. "States and Wars: China’s Long March towards Unity and its Consequences, 221 BC – 1911 AD," CEPR Discussion Papers 15187, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    46. Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Mark Koyama & Youhong Lin & Tuan-Hwee Sng, 2020. "The Fractured-Land Hypothesis," NBER Working Papers 27774, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    47. Dow, Gregory K. & Mitchell, Leanna & Reed, Clyde G., 2017. "The economics of early warfare over land," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 297-305.
    48. Cuesta Leiva, Jose Antonio & Huff, Connor, 2026. "Climate and Social Sustainability in Fragility, Conflict, and Violence Contexts," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11283, The World Bank.
    49. Qiang Chen, 2013. "Climate Shocks, State Capacity, and Peasant Uprisings in North China during 25-1911 CE," SDU Working Papers 2013-01, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    50. Chen, Ting & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2022. "War shocks, migration, and historical spatial development in China," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    51. Catalina Tejada & Eliana Ferrara & Henrik Kleven & Florian Blum & Oriana Bandiera & Michel Azulai, 2015. "State Effectiveness, Growth, and Development," Working Papers id:6668, eSocialSciences.

  15. James Kai-Sing Kung & Nansheng Bai & Yiu-Fai Lee, 2011. "Human capital, migration, and a ‘vent’ for surplus rural labour in 1930s China: the case of the Lower Yangzi," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 64, pages 117-141, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Tianyu Huang & Yiyue Quan & Nan Li & Lin Xiang, 2026. "Revisiting the functioning of rural markets: a long-term investigation based on micro-surveys in Northeast China," Cliometrica, Springer;Cliometric Society (Association Francaise de Cliométrie), vol. 20(1), pages 221-263, January.
    2. Zhang, Jian & Mishra, Ashok K. & Hirsch, Stefan, 2021. "Market-oriented agriculture and farm performance: Evidence from rural China," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    3. Guangcheng Ren & Xueqin Zhu & Shuyi Feng, 2023. "The Impact of Migration on Farm Performance: Evidence from Rice Farmers in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Kung, James Kai-sing & Li, Nan, 2011. "Commercialization as exogenous shocks: The effect of the soybean trade and migration in Manchurian villages, 1895–1934," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 48(4), pages 568-589.
    5. Yidan Liang, 2023. "Capital and labour distortion in China: a systematic literature review using HistCite," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(2), pages 1759-1784, June.
    6. Bingdao Zheng & Yanfeng Gu, 2022. "Institutional dynamics and access to non‐farm employment in rural China, 1950–1996," Australian Economic History Review, Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(3), pages 265-289, November.

  16. James Kai-Sing Kung & Ying Bai, 2011. "Induced Institutional Change or Transaction Costs? The Economic Logic of Land Reallocations in Chinese Agriculture," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(10), pages 1510-1528.

    Cited by:

    1. Cao, Danqiu & Wang, Yahua & Zang, Liangzhen, 2024. "Land reallocation and collective action in the commons: Application of social-ecological system framework with evidence from rural China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    2. Shimokawa, Satoru, 2015. "Is prohibiting land reallocation enough to promote development of farmland rental markets in China?," IDE Discussion Papers 543, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    3. Steven Nafziger, 2016. "Communal property rights and land redistributions in Late Tsarist Russia," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 69(3), pages 773-800, August.
    4. Ma, Meilin, "undated". "Earthbound Labor and Incomplete Exit from Farming in China: Multiple Distortions and Nonseparable Decisions," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258414, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    5. Huiguang Chen & Wojciech J. Florkowski & Zhongyuan Liu, 2025. "Rural Migrant Workers in Urban China: Does Rural Land Still Matter?," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, April.
    6. Ting Ye & Wenjian He & Zhiyong Liu, 2022. "Exploring the Influence of Land Titling on Farmland Transfer-Out Based on Land Parcel Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Che, Yi, 2009. "Mismatch: land reallocations, recovery land rental and land rental market development in rural China," MPRA Paper 39794, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Li, Shi & Vendryes, Thomas, 2018. "Real estate activity, democracy and land rights in rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 54-79.
    9. Yan Wang & He Wang & Bo Wen & Luxin Zhang, 2024. "Influences of Farmland Transfer Transaction Costs on Contract Choices from the Perspective of Differential Order Governance: Based on a Survey of Farmers in Henan Province," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, May.
    10. Ali, Daniel Ayalew & Deininger, Klaus & Monchuk, Daniel, 2020. "Using satellite imagery to assess impacts of soil and water conservation measures: Evidence from Ethiopia’s Tana-Beles watershed," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    11. Wenli Cheng & Nan Zhou & Longyao Zhang, 2021. "How does land titling affect credit demand, supply, access, and rationing: Evidence from China," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(3), pages 383-414, September.
    12. Ren, Guangcheng & Zhu, Xueqin & Heerink, Nico & Feng, Shuyi, 2020. "Rural household migration in China – the roles of actual and perceived tenure security," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    13. Yuting Sun & Xiangmu Jin, 2024. "How to Extend China’s Rural Land Contracts for Another 30 Years: A Psychological Ownership Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, July.
    14. Wang, Xiaobing & Yamauchi, Futoshi & Huang, Jikun & Rozelle, Scott, 2020. "What constrains mechanization in Chinese agriculture? Role of farm size and fragmentation," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    15. Wang, Yahui & Li, Xiubin & Li, Wei & Tan, Minghong, 2018. "Land titling program and farmland rental market participation in China: Evidence from pilot provinces," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 281-290.
    16. Yiwen, Zhang & Kant, Shashi, 2022. "Secure tenure or equal access? Farmers’ preferences for reallocating the property rights of collective farmland and forestland in Southeast China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    17. Khantachavana, Sivalai V. & Turvey, Calum G. & Kong, Rong & Xia, Xianli, 2013. "On the transaction values of land use rights in rural China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 863-878.
    18. Haifei Wang & Hongjun Wu & Peter Humphreys, 2022. "Chinese Merchant Group Culture, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Cost of Debt: Evidence from Private Listed Firms in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, February.
    19. Ying Bai & James Kung & Yang Zhao, 2014. "How Much Expropriation Hazard Is Too Much? The Effect of Land Reallocation on Organic Fertilizer Usage in Rural China," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 90(3), pages 434-457.
    20. Zhou, Nan & Cheng, Wenli & Zhang, Longyao, 2022. "Land rights and investment incentives: Evidence from China’s Latest Rural Land Titling Program," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    21. Kung, James Kai-sing & Shimokawa, Satoru, 2012. "Land Reallocations, Passive Land Rental, and the Development of Rental Markets in Rural China," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 125099, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    22. Zhao, Xiaoxue, 2020. "Land and labor allocation under communal tenure: Theory and evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).

  17. Bai, Ying & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2011. "Genetic distance and income difference: Evidence from changes in China's cross-strait relations," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 110(3), pages 255-258, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Enrico Spolaore & Romain Wacziarg, 2015. "Ancestry, Language and Culture," Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University 0812, Department of Economics, Tufts University.
    2. Enrico Spolaore & Romain Wacziarg, 2012. "How Deep are the Roots of Economic Development?," CESifo Working Paper Series 3837, CESifo.
    3. Paul Minard, 2020. "Is China’s regional inequality ethnic inequality?," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 297-314, December.
    4. Paul Minard, 2020. "Institutions and China's comparative development," Papers 2001.02804, arXiv.org.
    5. Yongwei Chen & Wei‐Min Hu & Radek Szulga & Buoyuan Xue, 2018. "Cultural Differences and Interprovincial Trade in China: Effect of Surname Distance and its Mechanisms," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(4), pages 609-631, October.
    6. Maseland, Robbert, 2021. "Contingent determinants," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    7. Jiaqiang Yan & Yonghong Zhou, 2023. "Ancestral relatedness and visits between national leaders: Evidence from China†," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 390-408, August.
    8. Maria João Guedes & Nicos Nicolaou & Pankaj C. Patel, 2019. "Genetic distance and the difference in new firm entry between countries," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 973-1016, July.
    9. Wei Liu & Zhihui Zhao & Yan Cui & Fangchen Guo & Yuzhao Wu, 2024. "Does it matter where your ancestor come from? Genetic distance and bilateral foreign direct investment," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(3), pages 1032-1054, March.
    10. Jakob B. Madsen & Minoo Farhadi, 2018. "International Technology Spillovers and Growth over the Past 142 Years: The Role of Genetic Proximity," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 85(338), pages 329-359, April.

  18. Kung, James Kai-sing & Lin, Yi-min, 2007. "The Decline of Township-and-Village Enterprises in China's Economic Transition," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 569-584, April.

    Cited by:

    1. Zhan, Shaohua, 2015. "From Privatization to Deindustrialization: Implications of Chinese Rural Industry and the Ownership Debate Revisited," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 108-122.
    2. Shujing Liu & Christian Kesteloot, 2016. "High-Speed Rail and Rural Livelihood: The Wuhan-Guangzhou Line and Qiya Village," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 107(4), pages 468-483, September.
    3. Assaf Razin & Steven Rosefielde, 2016. "Israel and the 1990-2015 Global Developments: Riding with the Global Flows and Weathering the Storms," NBER Working Papers 22567, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Dongshui Xie & Caiquan Bai & Huimin Wang & Qihang Xue, 2022. "The Land System and the Rise and Fall of China’s Rural Industrialization: Based on the Perspective of Institutional Change of Rural Collective Construction Land," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, June.
    5. Randall Morck & Bernard Yeung, 2017. "East Asian Financial and Economic Development," Working Papers id:12112, eSocialSciences.
    6. He, Yong, 2018. "A Testable Theory of Institutional Change in Authoritarian Regimes," MPRA Paper 88666, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Mushtaq, Shahbaz & Khan, Shahbaz & Dawe, David & Hanjra, Munir A. & Hafeez, Mohsin & Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem, 2008. "Evaluating the impact of Tax-for-Fee reform (Fei Gai Shui) on water resources and agriculture production in the Zhanghe Irrigation System, China," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 576-586, December.
    8. Xia, Jun & Li, Shaomin & Long, Cheryl, 2009. "The Transformation of Collectively Owned Enterprises and its Outcomes in China, 2001-05," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(10), pages 1651-1662, October.
    9. Zheng, Lucy & Batuo, Michael Enowbi & Shepherd, David, 2017. "The Impact of Regional and Institutional Factors on Labor Productive Performance—Evidence from the Township and Village Enterprise Sector in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 591-598.
    10. Han, Li & Kung, James Kai-Sing, 2015. "Fiscal incentives and policy choices of local governments: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 89-104.
    11. Zheng, Jinghai & Bigsten, Arne & Hu, Angang, 2009. "Can China's Growth be Sustained? A Productivity Perspective," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 874-888, April.
    12. Song, Huasheng & Thisse, Jacques-François & Zhu, Xiwei, 2012. "Urbanization and/or rural industrialization in China," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1-2), pages 126-134.
    13. Walheer, Barnabé & He, Ming, 2020. "Technical efficiency and technology gap of the manufacturing industry in China: Does firm ownership matter?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    14. Meng, Lei, 2020. "Permanent migration desire of Chinese rural residents: Evidence from field surveys, 2006–2015," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).

  19. James Kai-sing Kung, 2006. "Do Secure Land Use Rights Reduce Fertility? The Case of Meitan County in China," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 82(1), pages 36-55.

    Cited by:

    1. Cao, Danqiu & Wang, Yahua & Zang, Liangzhen, 2024. "Land reallocation and collective action in the commons: Application of social-ecological system framework with evidence from rural China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    2. Jin, Songqing & Deininger, Klaus, 2009. "Land rental markets in the process of rural structural transformation: Productivity and equity impacts from China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 629-646, December.
    3. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing, 2009. "Securing property rights in transition: Lessons from implementation of China's rural land contracting law," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 70(1-2), pages 22-38, May.
    4. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing & Xia, Fang, 2012. "Moving off the farm: Land institutions to facilitate structural transformation and agricultural productivity growth in China," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5949, The World Bank.
    5. Jianyun Hou & Xuexi Huo & Runsheng Yin, 2017. "Land Rental Market Participation and Its Impact on Fixed Investment and Household Welfare: Evidence from Chinese Apple Production Sites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-15, October.
    6. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing, 2007. "Land rental markets in the process of rural structural transformation : productivity and equity impacts in China," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4454, The World Bank.

  20. Kung, James Kai-sing & Lin, Justin Yifu, 2003. "The Causes of China's Great Leap Famine, 1959-1961," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 52(1), pages 51-73, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Li, Qiang & An, Lian, 2015. "Intergenerational health consequences of the 1959–1961 Great Famine on children in rural China," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 27-40.
    2. Feng, Xunan & Johansson, Anders C., 2018. "Living through the Great Chinese Famine: Early-life experiences and managerial decisions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 638-657.
    3. Xu, Hongwei & Li, Lydia & Zhang, Zhenmei & Liu, Jinyu, 2016. "Is natural experiment a cure? Re-examining the long-term health effects of China's 1959–1961 famine," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 110-122.
    4. Huang, Xin & Li, Zhiyi, 2025. "Hunger for money: Early-life hunger experiences increase individual's desire for money," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    5. Fang, Hanming & Hou, Linke & Liu, Mingxing & Xu, Lixin Colin & Zhang, Pengfei, 2023. "Political survival, local accountability, and long-term development: Evidence from an authoritarian country," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 15-40.
    6. Cormac Ó Gráda, 2007. "The ripple that drowns? Twentieth-century famines in China and India as economic history," Working Papers 200719, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    7. Kung, James Kai-sing & Zhou, Titi, 2021. "Political elites and hometown favoritism in famine-stricken China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 22-37.
    8. Kasahara, Hiroyuki & Li, Bingjing, 2020. "Grain exports and the causes of China's Great Famine, 1959–1961: County-level evidence," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    9. Gooch, Elizabeth, 2017. "Estimating the Long-Term Impact of the Great Chinese Famine (1959–61) on Modern China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 140-151.
    10. Song, Shige & Wang, Wei & Hu, Peifeng, 2009. "Famine, death, and madness: Schizophrenia in early adulthood after prenatal exposure to the Chinese Great Leap Forward Famine," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(7), pages 1315-1321, April.
    11. Loh, Chung-Ping A. & Li, Qiang, 2013. "Peer effects in adolescent bodyweight: Evidence from rural China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 35-44.
    12. Song, Shige, 2010. "Mortality consequences of the 1959-1961 Great Leap Forward famine in China: Debilitation, selection, and mortality crossovers," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 551-558, August.
    13. Bai, Ying & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2014. "The shaping of an institutional choice: Weather shocks, the Great Leap Famine, and agricultural decollectivization in China," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1-26.
    14. Matthieu CLEMENT, 2010. "Food Availability and Food Entitlements during the Chinese Great Leap Forward Famine: A dynamic panel data analysis (In French)," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2010-03, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    15. Lei, Xiaoyan & Giles, John & Hu, Yuqing & Park, Albert & Strauss, John & Zhao, Yaohui, 2012. "Patterns and correlates of intergenerational non-time transfers : evidence from CHARLS," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6076, The World Bank.
    16. Cao, Jiarui & Xu, Yiqing & Zhang, Chuanchuan, 2022. "Clans and calamity: How social capital saved lives during China's Great Famine," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    17. Shige Song, 2013. "Prenatal malnutrition and subsequent foetal loss risk: Evidence from the 1959-1961 Chinese famine," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 29(26), pages 707-728.
    18. Liu, Qiyang & Lucas, Karen & Marsden, Greg & Liu, Yang, 2019. "Egalitarianism and public perception of social inequities: A case study of Beijing congestion charge," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 47-62.
    19. Zhongwei Zhao & Yuan Zhu & Anna Reimondos, 2013. "Could changes in reported sex ratios at birth during China's 1958-1961 famine support the adaptive sex ratio adjustment hypothesis?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 29(33), pages 885-906.
    20. Hu, Zhi-An & Huang, Wei & Luo, Wei & You, Wuyue & Zhang, Chuanchuan, 2024. "The educational and labor market consequences of teenage exposure to rural land decollectivization in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).

  21. Kung, James Kai-sing, 2002. "Choice of Land Tenure in China: The Case of a Country with Quasi-Private Property Rights," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 50(4), pages 793-817, July.

    Cited by:

    1. LAI, Lawrence W.C. & DAVIES, Stephen N.G. & CHAU, K.W. & CHOY, Lennon H.T. & CHUA, Mark H. & LAM, Terry K.W., 2022. "A centennial literature review (1919–2019) of research publications on land readjustment from a neo-institutional economic perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    2. Yu, Lu & Wang, Xiaoxi, 2011. "Determinants Of Grassland Use Right Transfer In Institutional Change: Evidence From Pastoral China," 51st Annual Conference, Halle, Germany, September 28-30, 2011 114521, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    3. Xiuqing Zou & Arie J. Oskam, 2007. "New Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation in China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 15(5), pages 107-120, September.
    4. Deininger, Klaus & Songqing Jin & Adenew, Berhanu & Gebre-Selassie, Samuel & Demeke, Mulat, 2003. "Market and non-market transfers of land in Ethiopia - implications for efficiency, equity, and non-farm development," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2992, The World Bank.
    5. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing & Adenew, Berhanu & Gebre-Selassie, Samuel & Nega, Berhanu, 2003. "Tenure security and land-related investment - evidence from Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2991, The World Bank.
    6. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing, 2005. "The potential of land rental markets in the process of economic development: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(1), pages 241-270, October.
    7. Liu, Kai & Zhu, Wenjue & Luo, Mingzhong, 2022. "Land integration and titling policy in China: Institutional barriers and countermeasures," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    8. Lili Jia & Martin Petrick, 2014. "How does land fragmentation affect off-farm labor supply: panel data evidence from China," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 45(3), pages 369-380, May.
    9. Maëlys de La Rupelle & Deng Quheng & Li Shi & Thomas Vendryes, 2009. "Land rights insecurity and temporary migration in rural China," Working Papers halshs-00575041, HAL.
    10. Yiming Wang, 2015. "Negotiating the farmland dilemmas: ‘barefoot planners’ in China’s urban periphery," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 33(5), pages 1108-1124, October.
    11. Deininger, Klaus W. & Jin, Songqing, 2006. "Securing property rights in transition: Lessons from implementation of China's rural land contracting law," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21465, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    12. Jia, Lili & Petrick, Martin, 2012. "How land fragmentation affects off-farm labor supply in China: Evidence from household panel data," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126263, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Yilin Cui & Cong Li & Yan Jiang, 2024. "The Role of Procedural Fairness: Land Titling Programs and Agricultural Investment in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, September.
    14. Mullan, Katrina & Grosjean, Pauline & Kontoleon, Andreas, 2011. "Land Tenure Arrangements and Rural-Urban Migration in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 123-133, January.
    15. Yongle Li & Bangrong Shu & Xiaoping Shi & Yu Zhu, 2017. "Variation of Land-Expropriated Farmers’ Willingness: A Perspective of Employment and Inhabitance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-18, June.
    16. Yang Yao, 2004. "Land Tenure Choice in Chinese Villages: The Rational versus the Political Model," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 80(4).
    17. Xu, Licheng & Du, Xiaodong, 2020. "Land certification, rental market participation, and income dynamics in rural China," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304247, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    18. ZHU, WENJUE & Luo, Biliang & Paudel, Krishna P., "undated". "The Influence of Land Titling Policy on the Rural Labor Migration to City: Evidence from China," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274163, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    19. Jian Wei & Hui Xiao & Hao Liu & Xiaotao Huang & Dahong Zhang, 2022. "Does the Collective Forestland Tenure Reform Promote Rural Households’ Forestry Inputs? Based on Dual Perspectives of Rural Households’ Divergence and Inter-Generational Differences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-23, October.
    20. Aoxi Yang & Yahui Wang, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Variations in Farmland Rents and Its Drivers in Rural China: Evidence from Plot-Level Transactions," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-14, February.
    21. Chenxi Li & Zenglei Xi, 2019. "Social Stability Risk Assessment of Land Expropriation: Lessons from the Chinese Case," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-20, October.
    22. Yiwen, Zhang & Kant, Shashi, 2022. "Secure tenure or equal access? Farmers’ preferences for reallocating the property rights of collective farmland and forestland in Southeast China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    23. Hong, Weijie & Luo, Biliang & Hu, Xinyan, 2020. "Land titling, land reallocation experience, and investment incentives: Evidence from rural China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    24. Jia, Lili, 2012. "Land fragmentation and off-farm labor supply in China," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 66, number 66.

  22. Kung, James Kai-sing, 2002. "Off-Farm Labor Markets and the Emergence of Land Rental Markets in Rural China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 395-414, June.

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    2. Sayeh Kassaw Agegnehu & Reinfried Mansberger & Moges Wubet Shita & Derjew Fentie Nurie & Ayelech Kidie Mengesha, 2024. "Land Rental Transactions in Ethiopian Peri-Urban Areas: Sex and Other Factors for Land Rent Transactions," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, August.
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    5. Han Zhang & Jari Kuuluvainen & Hongqiang Yang & Yi Xie & Can Liu, 2017. "The Effect of Off-Farm Employment on Forestland Transfers in China: A Simultaneous-Equation Tobit Model Estimation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-14, September.
    6. Xu, Yuting & Huang, Xianjin & Bao, Helen X.H. & Ju, Xiang & Zhong, Taiyang & Chen, Zhigang & Zhou, Yan, 2018. "Rural land rights reform and agro-environmental sustainability: Empirical evidence from China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 73-87.
    7. Caihua Xu & Qian Wang & Shah Fahad & Masaru Kagatsume & Jin Yu, 2022. "Impact of Off-Farm Employment on Farmland Transfer: Insight on the Mediating Role of Agricultural Production Service Outsourcing," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
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  23. James Kai-sing Kung, 2002. "Chapter 3. The Role of Property Rights in China's Rural Reforms and Development A Review of Facts and Issues," Chinese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(3), pages 52-70, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing, 2005. "The potential of land rental markets in the process of economic development: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(1), pages 241-270, October.
    2. Legiedź, Tomasz, 2008. "Przemiany Instytucjonalne Wsi W Chińskiej Republice Ludowej Po 1978 Roku – Wybrane Problemy," Village and Agriculture (Wieś i Rolnictwo), Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, vol. 4(141).

  24. Kung, James K S & Lee, Yiu-fai, 2001. "So What If There Is Income Inequality? The Distributive Consequence of Nonfarm Employment in Rural China," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 50(1), pages 19-46, October.

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    1. Allan N. Rae & Xiaohui Zhang, 2009. "China's booming livestock industry: household income, specialization, and exit," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 40(6), pages 603-616, November.
    2. Patrick S. Ward & Gerald E. Shively, 2015. "Migration and Land Rental as Responses to Income Shocks in Rural China," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(4), pages 511-543, October.
    3. Bezu, Sosina & Barrett, Christopher B. & Holden, Stein T., 2010. "Does the nonfarm economy offer pathways for upward mobility? Evidence from a panel data study in Ethiopia," MPRA Paper 35754, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2011.
    4. Zhang, Lan & Feng, Shuyi & Heerink, Nico & Qu, Futian & Kuyvenhoven, Arie, 2018. "How do land rental markets affect household income? Evidence from rural Jiangsu, P.R. China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 151-165.
    5. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing, 2005. "The potential of land rental markets in the process of economic development: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(1), pages 241-270, October.
    6. Jianying Wang & Yumei Xu & Lilin Zou & Ying Wang, 2021. "Does Culture Affect Farmer Willingness to Transfer Rural Land? Evidence from Southern Fujian, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-19, June.
    7. Chloé DUVIVIER & Mary-Françoise RENARD & Shi LI, 2012. "Are workers close to cities paid higher non-agricultural wages in rural China?," Working Papers 201205, CERDI.
    8. SHI, Xiaoping & Heerink, Nico & Qu, Futian, 2007. "Choices between different off-farm employment sub-categories: An empirical analysis for Jiangxi Province, China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 438-455.
    9. Qiuqiong Huang & David Dawe & Scott Rozelle & Jikun Huang & Jinxia Wang, 2005. "Irrigation, poverty and inequality in rural China," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 49(2), pages 159-175, June.
    10. Zeng, Douglas Zhihua, 2005. "China's employment challenges and strategies after the WTO accession," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3522, The World Bank.
    11. Hoang, Trung X. & Pham, Cong S. & Ulubaşoğlu, Mehmet A., 2014. "Non-Farm Activity, Household Expenditure, and Poverty Reduction in Rural Vietnam: 2002–2008," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 554-568.
    12. WANG, Zuxiang & SMYTH, Russell & NG, Yew-Kwang, 2009. "A new ordered family of Lorenz curves with an application to measuring income inequality and poverty in rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 218-235, June.
    13. Okushima, Shinichiro & Uchimura, Hiroko, 2005. "Economic Reforms and Income Inequality in Urban China," IDE Discussion Papers 25, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    14. Bezu, Sosina & Barrett, Christopher B., 2010. "Employment dynamics in the rural nonfarm sector in Ethiopia Do the poor have time on their side?," MPRA Paper 35756, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2011.
    15. Gustafsson, Björn & LI, Shi & Sato, Hiroshi, 2014. "Data for studying earnings, the distribution of household income and poverty in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 419-431.
    16. Chaozhu Li & Xiaoliang Li & Jiaxu Wang & Tianchu Feng, 2023. "Impacts of Aging Agricultural Labor Force on Land Transfer: An Empirical Analysis Based on the China Family Panel Studies," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-15, January.
    17. Saroj, Sunil & Pradhan, Mamata & Pradhan, Mamata & Roy, Devesh, 2021. "Roles of Rural Non-Farm Employment (RNFE) in India: Why RNFE, the Conveyor of a Shock like COVID 19 Is Also the Key to Recovery?," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315086, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    18. Benjamin, Dwayne & Brandt, Loren & Giles, John, 2005. "The Evolution of Income Inequality in Rural China," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 53(4), pages 769-824, July.
    19. Cristian Vasco & Rodrigo Valdiviezo & Herman Hernández & Valdano Tafur & David Eche & Estefanía Jácome, 2020. "Off-Farm Employment, Forest Clearing and Natural Resource Use: Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-16, June.
    20. Chloé Duvivier Duvivier & Mary-Françoise Renard & Shi Li, 2012. "Are workers close to cities paid higher non-agricultural wages in rural China?," CERDI Working papers halshs-00673698, HAL.
    21. Dil Bahadur Rahut Chhetri & Pradyot Ranjan Jena & Akhter Ali & Bhagirath Behera & Nar Bahadur Chhetri, 2015. "Rural Nonfarm Employment, Income, and Inequality: Evidence from Bhutan," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 32(2), pages 65-94, September.
    22. Shi, X., 2018. "Inequality of Opportunity in Earnings in Rural China," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277016, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    23. Shi, Xinjie, 2022. "Inequality of opportunity in earnings in rural China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    24. Hongqin Chang & Jing Liu & Yanyun Gao, 2017. "Land tenure policy and women’s off-farm employment in rural China," Working Papers PMMA 2017-03, PEP-PMMA.
    25. Priscilla, Laishram & Singh, Oinam Krishnadas & Vatta, Kamal, 2021. "Effects of Income Sources on Inequality among Agricultural Households in North-east India," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 0(Number 4), December.
    26. Patrick Ward, 2014. "Measuring the Level and Inequality of Wealth: An Application to China," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 60(4), pages 613-635, December.
    27. Qunyong Wang & Zhongwu Li & Xueliang Feng, 2019. "Does the Happiness of Contemporary Women in China Depend on Their Husbands’ Achievements?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 710-728, December.
    28. Tushar Agrawal & Ankush Agrawal, 2023. "Beyond Consumption Expenditure: Income Inequality and Its Sources in India," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 23(1), pages 7-27, January.
    29. Misganaw Teshager Abeje & Atsushi Tsunekawa & Enyew Adgo & Nigussie Haregeweyn & Zerihun Nigussie & Zemen Ayalew & Asres Elias & Dessalegn Molla & Daregot Berihun, 2019. "Exploring Drivers of Livelihood Diversification and Its Effect on Adoption of Sustainable Land Management Practices in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-23, May.
    30. Jin, Songqing & Deininger, Klaus W. & Sur, Mona, 2005. "Sri Lanka's Rural Non-farm Economy: Removing Constraints to Pro-poor Growth," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19280, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    31. James Alm & Yongzheng Liu, 2013. "China's Tax-for-Fee Reform and Village Inequality," Working Papers 1304, Tulane University, Department of Economics.
    32. Sundaram-Stukel, Reka & Deininger, Klaus W. & Jin, Songqing, 2006. "Fostering growth of the rural non-farm sector in Africa: The Case of Tanzania," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21165, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    33. Schling, Maja & Pazos, Nicolás, 2024. "Effective land ownership, female empowerment, and food security: Evidence from Peru," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    34. James Kai‐Sing Kung & Nansheng Bai & Yiu‐Fai Lee, 2011. "Human capital, migration, and a ‘vent’ for surplus rural labour in 1930s China: the case of the Lower Yangzi," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 64(s1), pages 117-141, February.
    35. Uchimura, Hiroko, 2005. "Influence of Social Institutions on Inequality in China," IDE Discussion Papers 26, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    36. Hongqin Chang & Ping Ai & Yuan Li, 2018. "Land tenure policy and off-farm employment in rural China," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-28, December.
    37. Kimhi, Ayal, 2009. "Land Reform and Farm-Household Income Inequality: The Case of Georgia," Discussion Papers 54159, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Agricultural Economics and Management.
    38. Mehtabul Azam, 2016. "Income Inequality in India 2004-2012: Role of Alternative Income sources," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 36(2), pages 1160-1169.

  25. Kung, James Kai-sing, 2000. "Common Property Rights and Land Reallocations in Rural China: Evidence from a Village Survey," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 701-719, April.

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    1. Xu, Yuting & Huang, Xianjin & Bao, Helen X.H. & Ju, Xiang & Zhong, Taiyang & Chen, Zhigang & Zhou, Yan, 2018. "Rural land rights reform and agro-environmental sustainability: Empirical evidence from China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 73-87.
    2. Giles,John T. & Mu,Ren, 2014. "Village political economy, land tenure insecurity, and the rural to urban migration decision : evidence from China," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7080, The World Bank.
    3. Menglin Ou & Jian Gong, 2021. "Farmland Transfers in China: From Theoretic Framework to Practice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Esteve Corbera & Katrina Brown, 2010. "Offsetting Benefits? Analyzing Access to Forest Carbon," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 42(7), pages 1739-1761, July.
    5. Liu, Shouying & Ma, Sen & Yin, Lijuan & Zhu, Jiong, 2023. "Land titling, human capital misallocation, and agricultural productivity in China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    6. Deininger, Klaus & Songqing Jin & Adenew, Berhanu & Gebre-Selassie, Samuel & Demeke, Mulat, 2003. "Market and non-market transfers of land in Ethiopia - implications for efficiency, equity, and non-farm development," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2992, The World Bank.
    7. Jia, Lili & Petrick, Martin, 2014. "How does land fragmentation affect off-farm labor supply: panel data evidence from China," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 45(3), pages 369-380.
    8. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing & Adenew, Berhanu & Gebre-Selassie, Samuel & Nega, Berhanu, 2003. "Tenure security and land-related investment - evidence from Ethiopia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2991, The World Bank.
    9. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing, 2005. "The potential of land rental markets in the process of economic development: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(1), pages 241-270, October.
    10. Wang, Xiaobing & Yu, Xiaohua, "undated". "Scale Effects, Technical Efficiency and Land Lease in China," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 115736, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    11. Wenjing Han & Zhengfeng Zhang & Xiaoling Zhang & Li He, 2021. "Farmland Rental Participation, Agricultural Productivity, and Household Income: Evidence from Rural China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-22, August.
    12. Huiguang Chen & Wojciech J. Florkowski & Zhongyuan Liu, 2025. "Rural Migrant Workers in Urban China: Does Rural Land Still Matter?," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, April.
    13. Jia, Lili & Petrick, Martin, 2012. "How land fragmentation affects off-farm labor supply in China: Evidence from household panel data," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126263, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    14. Sumei Zhang & Kenneth Pearlman, 2009. "Legislative Support for Urban Land-Use Control in China," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 27(3), pages 399-412, June.
    15. Webster, Chris & Wu, Fulong & Zhang, Fangzhu & Sarkar, Chinmoy, 2016. "Informality, property rights, and poverty in China’s “favelas”," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 461-476.
    16. Him Chung, 2013. "The Spatial Dimension of Negotiated Power Relations and Social Justice in the Redevelopment of Villages-in-the-City in China," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 45(10), pages 2459-2476, October.
    17. Xu, Hongzhang & Pittock, Jamie & Daniell, Katherine, 2022. "‘Sustainability of what, for whom? A critical analysis of Chinese development induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) programs," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    18. Zhang, Yanjie & Wang, Xiaobing & Brümmer, Bernhard & Yu, Xiaohua, 2012. "The impact of land security and input allocation on farm household income," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126467, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    19. Qiu, Tongwei & Zhang, Danru & Choy, S.T. Boris & Luo, Biliang, 2021. "The interaction between informal and formal institutions: A case study of private land property rights in rural China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 578-591.
    20. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing & Berhanu, Adenw & Samuel, Gebre-Selassie, 2005. "Mechanisms for Land Transfer in Ethiopia: implications for Efficiency, Equity and Non-Farm Development," Ethiopian Journal of Economics, Ethiopian Economics Association, vol. 10(01), pages 1-98, May.
    21. Tongwei Qiu & Xianlei Ma & Biliang Luo, 2022. "Are private property rights better? evidence from the marketization of land rentals in rural China," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 875-902, May.
    22. Deininger, Klaus W. & Jin, Songqing, 2005. "Land Sales and Rental Markets in Transition: Evidence from Rural Vietnam," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19359, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    23. Li, Shi & Vendryes, Thomas, 2018. "Real estate activity, democracy and land rights in rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 54-79.
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    25. Yunan Xu, 2023. "“Taken-left” dynamics? Rethink the livelihood changes of affected villagers in the era of the global land rush," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 40(3), pages 1171-1184, September.
    26. Lu, Jie, 2015. "Varieties of Governance in China: Migration and Institutional Change in Chinese Villages," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199378746.
    27. Xiaoqing Dai & Lijie Pu & Fangping Rao, 2017. "Assessing the Effect of a Crop-Tree Intercropping Program on Smallholders’ Incomes in Rural Xinjiang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-19, August.
    28. Junichi Ito, 2012. "Collective Action for Local Commons Management in Rural Yunnan, China: Empirical Evidence and Hypotheses Using Evolutionary Game Theory," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 88(1), pages 181-200.
    29. Leight, Jessica, 2016. "Reallocating wealth? Insecure property rights and agricultural investment in rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 207-227.
    30. Sikor, Thomas & Müller, Daniel, 2009. "The Limits of State-Led Land Reform: An Introduction," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 1307-1316, August.
    31. Banks, Tony, 2003. "Property Rights Reform in Rangeland China: Dilemmas On the Road to the Household Ranch," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 2129-2142, December.
    32. Ho, Peter & Zevenbergen, Jaap & Tan, Rong, 2024. "The Credibility Thesis, a decade onwards: A review of the theoretical field, findings and future," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    33. Ren, Guangcheng & Zhu, Xueqin & Heerink, Nico & Feng, Shuyi, 2020. "Rural household migration in China – the roles of actual and perceived tenure security," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    34. Jieming Zhu & Yan Guo, 2014. "Fragmented Peri-urbanisation Led by Autonomous Village Development under Informal Institution in High-density Regions: The Case of Nanhai, China," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(6), pages 1120-1145, May.
    35. Liu, Yansui & Li, Xuhong & Guo, Yuanzhi, 2024. "Exploring land system reform for demographic transition in rural China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    36. Wang, Yahui & Li, Xiubin & Li, Wei & Tan, Minghong, 2018. "Land titling program and farmland rental market participation in China: Evidence from pilot provinces," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 281-290.
    37. Lu Cai & Chaoqing Chai & Bangbang Zhang & Feng Yang & Wei Wang & Chengdong Zhang, 2022. "The Theoretical Approach and Practice of Farmland Rights System Reform from Decentralization to Centralization Promoting Agricultural Modernization: Evidence from Yuyang District in Shaanxi, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-16, December.
    38. Meng, Lei & Zhao, Min Qiang, 2018. "Permanent and temporary rural–urban migration in China: Evidence from field surveys," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 228-239.
    39. Min, Shi & Waibel, Hermann & Huang, Jikun, 2017. "Smallholder participation in the land rental market in a mountainous region of Southern China: Impact of population aging, land tenure security and ethnicity," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 625-637.
    40. Hanning Li & Hongyun Han & Shiyu Ying, 2022. "Reputation Effect on Contract Choice and Self-Enforcement: A Case Study of Farmland Transfer in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-23, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bina Agarwal, 2019. "The interplay of ideas, institutional innovations and organisational structures: Insights from group farming in India," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series esid-116-19, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    2. Shengmin Sun & Qiang Chen, 2014. "Measuring the Effects of Decollectivization on China's Agricultural Growth: A Panel GMM Approach, 1970-1987," SDU Working Papers 2014-05, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    3. Bina Agarwal & Bruno Dorin, 2019. "Group farming in France: Why do some regions have more cooperative ventures than others?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 51(3), pages 781-804, May.
    4. Agarwal, Bina, 2018. "Can group farms outperform individual family farms? Empirical insights from India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 57-73.
    5. Bai, Ying & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2014. "The shaping of an institutional choice: Weather shocks, the Great Leap Famine, and agricultural decollectivization in China," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1-26.

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    Cited by:

    1. Giles,John T. & Mu,Ren, 2014. "Village political economy, land tenure insecurity, and the rural to urban migration decision : evidence from China," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7080, The World Bank.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shouying Liu & MICHAEL R. CARTER & Yang Yao, 1996. "Dimensions and Diversity of Property Rights in Rural China: Delimmas on the Road to Further Reform," Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural and Applied Economics Staff Papers 395, Wisconsin-Madison Agricultural and Applied Economics Department.
    2. Tu, Qin & Heerink, Nico & Xing, Li, 2006. "Factors Affecting the Development of Land Rental Markets in China - A Case Study for Puding County, Guizhou Province," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25547, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Kean Fan Lim, 2023. "PEASANT MOBILIZATION, THE ‘LAND QUESTION’ AND SPATIAL EGALITARIANISM IN AN URBANIZING CHINA: A Genealogical Assessment and a New Research Agenda," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(6), pages 1030-1051, November.
    4. Deng, Jiapin, 2023. "Born to be different: The role of local political leaders in poverty reduction in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    5. Wenjun Li & Carol Kerven, 2024. "Between commons and anticommons: a nested common-private interface framework," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. James Kai-sing Kung, 2006. "Do Secure Land Use Rights Reduce Fertility? The Case of Meitan County in China," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 82(1), pages 36-55.
    7. Carter, Michael R. & Yang Yao, 1999. "Specialization without regret - transfer rights, agricultural productivity, and investment in an industrializing economy," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2202, The World Bank.
    8. Kung, James Kai-sing, 2000. "Common Property Rights and Land Reallocations in Rural China: Evidence from a Village Survey," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 701-719, April.
    9. Aiguo, Lu, "undated". "Welfare Changes in China during the Economic Reforms," WIDER Working Papers 295319, United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    10. Qin, Ping & Carlsson, Fredrik & Xu, Jinato, 2008. "Forestland Reform in China: What Do the Farmers Want? A Choice Experiment in Farmers’ Property Rights Preferences," RFF Working Paper Series dp-08-35-rev-efd, Resources for the Future.
    11. Hongqin Chang & Jing Liu & Yanyun Gao, 2017. "Land tenure policy and women’s off-farm employment in rural China," Working Papers PMMA 2017-03, PEP-PMMA.
    12. Ottaviani, D. & Ji, Li & Pastore, G., 2003. "A multidimensional approach to understanding agro-ecosystems. A case study in Hubei Province, China," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 76(1), pages 207-225, April.
    13. Qin, Pin & Carlsson, Fredrik & Xu, Jintao, 2009. "Forestland Reform in China: What do the Farmers Want? A Choice Experiment on Farmers’ Property Rights Preferences," Working Papers in Economics 370, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
    14. Zhun Xu, 2015. "The Achievements, Contradictions and Demise of the Rural Collectives in Songzi County, China," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 46(2), pages 339-365, March.
    15. Ping Qin & Fredrik Carlsson & Jintao Xu, 2011. "Forest Tenure Reform in China: A Choice Experiment on Farmers’ Property Rights Preferences," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 87(3), pages 473-487.
    16. Jacoby, Hanan G. & Li, Guo & Rozelle, Scott, 2002. "Hazards Of Expropriation:Tenure Insecurity And Investment In Rural China," Working Papers 11960, University of California, Davis, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    17. Carter, Michael R. & Yang Yao, 1999. "Market versus administrative reallocation of agricultural land in a period of rapid industrialization," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2203, The World Bank.
    18. Ying Bai & James Kung & Yang Zhao, 2014. "How Much Expropriation Hazard Is Too Much? The Effect of Land Reallocation on Organic Fertilizer Usage in Rural China," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 90(3), pages 434-457.
    19. Mingyong Hong & Shunfa Yu & Jiao Long, 2023. "Agricultural Land Rights Confirmation, Clan Network, and Farmers’ Investment in Production and Operation," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-18, October.
    20. Jia, Lili, 2012. "Land fragmentation and off-farm labor supply in China," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 66, number 66.
    21. Liu, Zhongyuan & Chen, Huiguang, "undated". "Can Migration Decisions Be Affected by Land Resource Endowment? A Heterogeneity View," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258248, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.

  29. Kung James Kaising, 1993. "Transaction Costs and Peasants' Choice of Institutions: Did the Right to Exit Really Solve the Free Rider Problem in Chinese Collective Agriculture?," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 485-503, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Shengmin Sun & Qiang Chen, 2014. "Measuring the Effects of Decollectivization on China's Agricultural Growth: A Panel GMM Approach, 1970-1987," SDU Working Papers 2014-05, School of Economics, Shandong University.
    2. Shengmin Sun & Qiang Chen, 2020. "Household responsibility system and China's agricultural: Growth revisited: Addressing endogenous institutional change," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 537-558, October.
    3. Lu, Pei & Liu, Yuan, 2025. "The productivity and political radicalism of the Chinese cooperative movement11We are appreciate for two referees' comments on our manuscript, and we also thank the discussants on “The 2017 Symposium of Development and Institutional Economics” in Hen," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    4. Bipasa Datta & Minquan Liu, "undated". "Work Incentives In a Model of Collective With and Without Universal Membership," Discussion Papers 99/35, Department of Economics, University of York.
    5. Liangzhen Zang & Yahua Wang & Yiqing Su, 2021. "Does Farmland Scale Management Promote Rural Collective Action? An Empirical Study of Canal Irrigation Systems in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-25, November.
    6. Joshua Eisenman, 2018. "Commune Kabuki: Development and Productivity Growth under Maoist China's Rural Collectives," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 49(6), pages 1553-1579, November.
    7. Bai, Ying & Kung, James Kai-sing, 2014. "The shaping of an institutional choice: Weather shocks, the Great Leap Famine, and agricultural decollectivization in China," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1-26.
    8. Lin, Justin Yifu & Yang, Dennis Tao, 1998. "On the causes of China's agricultural crisis and the great leap famine," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 125-140.

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