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The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment

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Cited by:

  1. Paolo Martellini & Guido Menzio, 2021. "Jacks of All Trades and Masters of One: Declining Search Frictions and Unequal Growth," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 3(3), pages 339-352, September.
  2. Diego A. Comin & Xavier Cirera & Marcio Cruz, 2025. "Technology Sophistication Across Establishments," NBER Working Papers 33358, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  3. Naudé, Wim, 2019. "The Race against the Robots and the Fallacy of the Giant Cheesecake: Immediate and Imagined Impacts of Artificial Intelligence," IZA Discussion Papers 12218, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  4. Liang, Peng & Liang, Lin & Tang, Xinhui, 2024. "The impact of digital-oriented mergers and acquisitions on enterprise labor demand," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  5. Sergio Ocampo, 2019. "A task-based theory of occupations with multidimensional heterogeneity," 2019 Meeting Papers 477, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  6. Jiang, Kai & Xin, Baogui & Santibanez Gonzalez, Ernesto D.R., 2025. "Can industrial intelligence promote net-zero development? An analysis of resource dependence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  7. Ravi Kanbur, 2019. "Inequality in a global perspective," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 35(3), pages 431-444.
  8. Songul Tolan & Annarosa Pesole & Fernando Martinez-Plumed & Enrique Fernandez-Macias & José Hernandez-Orallo & Emilia Gomez, 2020. "Measuring the Occupational Impact of AI: Tasks, Cognitive Abilities and AI Benchmarks," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology 2020-02, Joint Research Centre.
  9. Mircea Popa, 2025. "Modelling policy action using natural language processing: evidence for a long-run increase in policy activism in the UK," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 8(2), pages 1-51, May.
  10. Rada, Codrina & Tavani, Daniele & von Arnim, Rudiger & Zamparelli, Luca, 2023. "Classical and Keynesian models of inequality and stagnation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 442-461.
  11. Luca Fornaro & Martin Wolf, 2021. "Monetary policy in the age of automation," Economics Working Papers 1794, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Sep 2022.
  12. Reshef, Ariell & Santoni, Gianluca, 2023. "Are your labor shares set in Beijing? The view through the lens of global value chains," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
  13. Chaofeng Lyu & Shuxin Deng & Zewei Dai, 2023. "Emissions Trading Systems, Structure Adjustment and Air Pollution Reduction: Evidence from Enterprises in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-20, April.
  14. Jacques Bughin & Nicolas van Zeebroeck, 2025. "Strategic renewal meets organizational changes: what shapes incumbent’s return to digital technologies investments?," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/389349, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  15. Benjamin Moll & Lukasz Rachel & Pascual Restrepo, 2022. "Uneven Growth: Automation's Impact on Income and Wealth Inequality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(6), pages 2645-2683, November.
  16. Wang, Xiaodong & Deng, Yunfeng & Mao, Xiaomeng, 2025. "The impact of bank digital transformation on enterprises digital technology innovation in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  17. Cäcilia Lipowski, 2024. "No Teens, No Tech: How Shortages of Young Workers Hinder Firm Technology Investments," CESifo Working Paper Series 11471, CESifo.
  18. Valerie Cerra, 2022. "A Framework For Inclusive And Sustainable Growth In Asia And The Pacific," Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 29(1), pages 17-41, May.
  19. Dennis C. Hutschenreiter & Tommaso Santini & Eugenia Vella, 2022. "Automation and sectoral reallocation," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 13(1), pages 335-362, May.
  20. Eiji YAMAMURA & Ryohei HAYASHI, 2024. "AI, ageing and brain-work productivity: Technological change in professional Japanese chess," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(5), pages 1-25, May.
  21. Daron Acemoglu & Andrea Manera & Pascual Restrepo, 2020. "Does the US Tax Code Favor Automation?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(1 (Spring), pages 231-300.
  22. David Autor & Caroline Chin & Anna Salomons & Bryan Seegmiller, 2024. "New Frontiers: The Origins and Content of New Work, 1940–2018," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 139(3), pages 1399-1465.
  23. Kindberg-Hanlon,Gene, 2021. "The Technology-Employment Trade-Off : Automation, Industry, and Income Effects," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9529, The World Bank.
  24. Lee, Yong Suk & Iizuka, Toshiaki & Eggleston, Karen, 2025. "Robots and labor in nursing homes," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  25. Josten, Cecily & Lordan, Grace, 2019. "Robots at Work: Automatable and Non Automatable Jobs," IZA Discussion Papers 12520, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  26. De Loecker, Jan & Obermeier, Tim & Van Reenen, John, 2022. "Firms and inequality," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 117827, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  27. Basso, Henrique S. & Jimeno, Juan F., 2021. "From secular stagnation to robocalypse? Implications of demographic and technological changes," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 833-847.
  28. Fucheng Liang & Yi Liu, 2024. "Sustainable youth employment quality management: The impact of robotization in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(4), pages 1-17, April.
  29. Oschinski, Matthias, 2023. "Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Germany's Labor Market: Insights from a ChatGPT Analysis," MPRA Paper 118300, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  30. Yang, Cunyi & Gu, Mingrui & Albitar, Khaldoon, 2024. "Government in the digital age: Exploring the impact of digital transformation on governmental efficiency," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
  31. Kyoji Fukao & Cristiano Perugini, 2021. "The Long‐Run Dynamics of the Labor Share in Japan," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 67(2), pages 445-480, June.
  32. Hongbo Fu & Rajah Rasiah, 2025. "Correction: Fu, H.; Rasiah, R. Fostering Inclusive Green Growth in Chinese Cities: Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence. Sustainability 2024, 16 , 9809," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-1, January.
  33. Wei Ma & Tingyi Yang, 2024. "Can New Infrastructure Become a New Driving Force for High-Quality Industrial Development in the Yellow River Basin?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-19, August.
  34. Andreas Irmen, 2021. "Automation, growth, and factor shares in the era of population aging," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 415-453, December.
  35. Chun, Hyunbae & Joo, Hailey Hayeon & Kang, Jisoo & Lee, Yoonsoo, 2023. "E-commerce and local labor markets: Is the “Retail Apocalypse” near?," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
  36. Yu, Shule & Zhang, Jun & Yan, Xueling, 2024. "Robots, gender economic opportunities and household adjustment: Evidence from China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 57-67.
  37. Yan Liu & Qiuju He, 2024. "Digital transformation, external financing, and enterprise resource allocation efficiency," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(4), pages 2321-2335, June.
  38. Pelin Ozgul & Marie-Christine Fregin & Michael Stops & Simon Janssen & Mark Levels, 2024. "High-skilled Human Workers in Non-Routine Jobs are Susceptible to AI Automation but Wage Benefits Differ between Occupations," Papers 2404.06472, arXiv.org.
  39. Liu, Yingji & Shen, Fangbing & Guo, Ju & Hu, Guoheng & Song, Yuegang, 2025. "Can artificial intelligence technology improve companies' capacity for green innovation? Evidence from listed companies in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  40. Jakub Growiec, 2020. "What Will Drive Long-Run Growth in the Digital Age?," KAE Working Papers 2020-054, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis.
  41. Pu, Guifang & Xie, Yanxiang & Wu, Lidong & Wang, Kai, 2024. "Industrial robots and corporate risk-taking value," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
  42. Milanez Ana, 2020. "Workforce Ageing and Labour Productivity Dynamics," Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy, Sciendo, vol. 66(3), pages 1-13, September.
  43. Knotz, Carlo Michael, 2025. "The Political Effects of the AI Revolution: Micro-level Evidence," SocArXiv 4xdn8_v1, Center for Open Science.
  44. Dou, Bin & Guo, SongLin & Chang, XiaoChen & Wang, Yong, 2023. "Corporate digital transformation and labor structure upgrading," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  45. Krenz, Astrid & Strulik, Holger, 2025. "Automation and the fall and rise of the servant economy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  46. Ganesh Narkhede & Vishwas Dohale & Yash Mahajan, 2024. "Darker side of industry 4.0 and its impact on triple‐bottom‐line sustainability," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(6), pages 5999-6016, December.
  47. Michael Kuhn & Klaus Prettner, 2023. "Rising Longevity, Increasing the Retirement Age, and the Consequences for Knowledge‐based Long‐run Growth," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 90(357), pages 39-64, January.
  48. Adetutu, Morakinyo O. & Ajayi, Victor, 2020. "The impact of domestic and foreign R&D on agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  49. Ross, Andrew G. & McGregor, Peter G. & Swales, J Kim, 2024. "Labour market dynamics in the era of technological advancements: The system-wide impacts of labour augmenting technological change," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  50. Wenhua Yuan & Weixiao Lu, 2023. "Research on the impact of industrial robot application on the status of countries in manufacturing global value chains," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(6), pages 1-19, June.
  51. Damioli, Giacomo & Van Roy, Vincent & Vertesy, Daniel & Vivarelli, Marco, 2021. "May AI Revolution Be Labour-Friendly? Some Micro Evidence from the Supply Side," IZA Discussion Papers 14309, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  52. Matteo G. Richiardi & Luis Valenzuela, 2024. "Firm heterogeneity and the aggregate labour share," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 38(1), pages 66-101, March.
  53. Andr√©s O. D√°vila & Manuel FernÔøΩndez & Hernando Zuleta, 2021. "The Natural Resource Boom and The Uneven Fall of The Labor Share," Documentos CEDE 19427, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
  54. Gao, Jie & Li, Zhizhuo & Nguyen, Thithuha & Zhang, Wentao, 2025. "Digital transformation and enterprise employment," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  55. Richiardi, Matteo & Westhoff, Leonie & Astarita, Caterina & Ernst, Ekkehard & Fenwick, Clare & Khabirpour, Neysan & Pelizzari, Lorenzo, 2024. "The impact of a decade of digital transformation on employment, wages, and inequality in the EU: a “conveyor belt†hypothesis," Centre for Microsimulation and Policy Analysis Working Paper Series CEMPA5/24, Centre for Microsimulation and Policy Analysis at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  56. Yang Liu & Yanxiang Xie & Kaiyang Zhong, 2024. "Impact of digital economy on urban sustainable development: Evidence from Chinese cities," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(1), pages 307-324, February.
  57. Anton Korinek & Donghyun Suh, 2024. "Scenarios for the Transition to AGI," NBER Working Papers 32255, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  58. Aakash Kalyani & Nicholas Bloom & Marcela Carvalho & Tarek Hassan & Josh Lerner & Ahmed Tahoun, 2025. "The Diffusion of New Technologies," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 140(2), pages 1299-1365.
  59. Xu, Chongchong & Lin, Boqiang, 2025. "The AI-sustainability Nexus: How does intelligent transformation affect corporate green innovation?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  60. Óscar Afonso & Elena Sochirca & Pedro Cunha Neves, 2022. "Robots and Humans: The Role of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in an Endogenous Growth Model," CEF.UP Working Papers 2201, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
  61. Wang, Shuo & Wang, Yuzhang & Li, Chengyou, 2024. "AI-driven capital-skill complementarity: Implications for skill premiums and labor mobility," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  62. Daron Acemoglu, 2019. "Comment on "Trading Up and the Skill Premium"," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2019, volume 34, pages 317-330, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  63. Bai, Xiaofei & Zhang, Hao & Ma, Zengguang & Qi, Chenyue, 2025. "Pro-Self or Pro-Social? how AI and human job replacement elicit compensatory responses," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  64. Abeliansky, Ana Lucia & Prettner, Klaus & Stöllinger, Roman, 2023. "Infection Risk at Work, Automatability, and Employment," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 352, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
  65. Fonseca, Tiago & Lagdami, Khanssa & Schröder-Hinrichs, Jens-Uwe, 2021. "Assessing innovation in transport: An application of the Technology Adoption (TechAdo) model to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 182-195.
  66. Bloom, David E. & Prettner, Klaus & Saadaoui, Jamel & Veruete, Mario, 2025. "Artificial intelligence and the skill premium," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  67. Philippe Aghion & Céline Antonin & Simon Bunel & Xavier Jaravel, 2020. "What Are the Labor and Product Market Effects of Automation? New Evidence from France," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03403062, HAL.
  68. Finkelstein Shapiro, Alan & Mandelman, Federico S., 2021. "Digital adoption, automation, and labor markets in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
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  70. Arntz, Melanie & Ivanov, Boris & Pohlan, Laura, 2022. "Regional Structural Change and the Effects of Job Loss," IZA Discussion Papers 15313, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  71. Ascari, Guido & Fosso, Luca, 2024. "The international dimension of trend inflation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
  72. Margarita Lopez-Forero, 2024. "Aggregate Labor Share and Tax Havens: Things are not always what they seem," Working papers 982, Banque de France.
  73. Liu, Yunxin & Cao, Yuqiang & Lu, Meiting & Shan, Yaowen & Xu, Jiangang, 2024. "Automating efficiency: The impact of industrial robots on labor investment in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
  74. Gregory, Terry & Salomons, Anna & Zierahn, Ulrich, 2016. "Racing With or Against the Machine? Evidence from Europe," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145843, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  75. Laura Abrardi & Carlo Cambini & Laura Rondi, 2022. "Artificial intelligence, firms and consumer behavior: A survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 969-991, September.
  76. Lan, Sen & Cui, Maosheng, 2024. "Enterprise digital transformation and employment: Spillover effect within supply chains," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  77. Abeliansky, Ana & Prettner, Klaus, 2017. "Automation and demographic change," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 310, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
  78. Growiec, Jakub, 2022. "Automation, Partial And Full," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(7), pages 1731-1755, October.
  79. Qiansheng Gong & Xiangyu Wang & Xi Tang, 2023. "How Can the Development of Digital Economy Empower Green Transformation and Upgrading of the Manufacturing Industry?—A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone ," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
  80. Lucia S. Foster & John C. Haltiwanger & Cody Tuttle, 2022. "Rising Markups or Changing Technology?," NBER Working Papers 30491, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  81. Emilio Gutierrez & David Jaume & Martín Tobal, 2023. "Do Credit Supply Shocks Affect Employment in Middle-Income Countries?," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 1-36, November.
  82. Yang, Yang & Xiao, Zheng, 2024. "Examining the interaction effect of digitalization and highly educated employees on ambidextrous innovation in Chinese publicly listed SMEs: A knowledge-based view," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  83. Hamid Etemad, 2024. "Transformative potentials of generative artificial intelligence: Should international entrepreneurial enterprises adopt GEN.AI?," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 141-163, June.
  84. Daniele Angelini, 2023. "Aging Population and Technology Adoption," Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz 2023-01, Department of Economics, University of Konstanz.
  85. Roberto Antonietti & Luca Cattani & Francesca Gambarotto & Giulio Pedrini, 2021. "Education, routine, and complexity-biased Knowledge Enabling Technologies: Evidence from Emilia-Romagna, Italy," Discussion Paper series in Regional Science & Economic Geography 2021-07, Gran Sasso Science Institute, Social Sciences, revised May 2021.
  86. Casey O. Barkan, 2024. "Can an increase in productivity cause a decrease in production? Insights from a model economy with AI automation," Papers 2411.15718, arXiv.org.
  87. Thomas Kurer & Nikolas Schöll, 2021. "How Technological Change Affects Regional Electorates," Working Papers 1269, Barcelona School of Economics.
  88. Fabrizio Leone, 2024. "Multinationals, Robots, and the Labor Share," CESifo Working Paper Series 11396, CESifo.
  89. Xiaoying Zhong & Ruhe Xie & Peng Chen & Kaili Ke, 2021. "Internet Development and Environmental Quality—Evidence from the Development of Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-21, October.
  90. Bhalotra, Sonia & Fernandez, Manuel & Wang, Fan, 2022. "The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap: An Equilibrium Model," CEPR Discussion Papers 17253, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
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  92. Kudoh, Noritaka & Miyamoto, Hiroaki, 2025. "Robots, AI, and unemployment," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
  93. Arthur Jacobs, 2023. "Capitalist-Worker Wealth Distribution in a Task-Based Model of Automation," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 23/1064, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
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  96. Zhu, Yongyi & Yu, Di, 2024. "Digital transformation and firms’ bargaining power: Evidence from China," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
  97. Egana-delSol, Pablo & Bustelo, Monserrat & Ripani, Laura & Soler, Nicolas & Viollaz, Mariana, 2022. "Automation in Latin America: Are Women at Higher Risk of Losing Their Jobs?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  98. Francesco Carbonero & Jeremy Davies & Ekkehard Ernst & Frank M. Fossen & Daniel Samaan & Alina Sorgner, 2023. "The impact of artificial intelligence on labor markets in developing countries: a new method with an illustration for Lao PDR and urban Viet Nam," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 33(3), pages 707-736, July.
  99. Antonietti, Roberto & Burlina, Chiara & Rodriguez-Pose, Andres, 2025. "Digital technology and regional income inequality: are better institutions the solution?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 127062, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  100. Hamid Firooz & Zheng Liu & Yajie Wang, 2022. "Automation, Market Concentration, and the Labor Share," Working Paper Series 2022-05, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
  101. Rachel Ngai & Orhun Sevinc, 2025. "A Multisector Perspective on Wage Stagnation," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 56, April.
  102. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Li, Jiangnan & Yan, Jingyang, 2025. "Can artificial intelligence contribute to the new energy system? Based on the perspective of labor supply," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
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  107. Has van Vlokhoven, 2024. "Estimating the Cost of Capital and the Profit Share," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 134(661), pages 2175-2206.
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  111. Xiang Deng & Meng Guo & Yuyan Liu, 2023. "Digital economy development and the urban-rural income gap: Evidence from Chinese cities," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(2), pages 1-25, February.
  112. Siliang Tong & Nan Jia & Xueming Luo & Zheng Fang, 2021. "The Janus face of artificial intelligence feedback: Deployment versus disclosure effects on employee performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(9), pages 1600-1631, September.
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  114. Huajie Jiang & Qiguo Gong, 2022. "Does Skill Polarization Affect Wage Polarization? U.S. Evidence 2009–2021," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, October.
  115. Guillermo Arenas Díaz & Alex J. Guerrero & Joost Heijs, 2024. "The effects of product and process innovation on employment: a meta-regression analysis," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 14(1), pages 35-68, March.
  116. Ziyu Liu & Yanlin Yang, 2020. "Impact of Development Zone Construction on Labor Share in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-22, May.
  117. Albanesi, Stefania & Da Silva, António Dias & Jimeno, Juan F. & Lamo, Ana & Wabitsch, Alena, 2023. "New technologies and jobs in Europe," Working Paper Series 2831, European Central Bank.
  118. Chia‐Hui Lu, 2023. "The macroeconomic impact of automation: Applications to elderly care," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 41(4), pages 674-695, October.
  119. Boldrin, Michele & Levine, David K. & Wang, Yong & Zhu, Lijun, 2024. "A theory of the dynamics of factor shares," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
  120. Falck, Oliver & Heimisch-Roecker, Alexandra & Wiederhold, Simon, 2021. "Returns to ICT skills," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(7).
  121. Zhiqiang Zhou & Wenyan Liu & Pengfei Cheng & Zhenjin Li, 2022. "The Impact of the Digital Economy on Enterprise Sustainable Development and Its Spatial-Temporal Evolution: An Empirical Analysis Based on Urban Panel Data in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, September.
  122. Damian Grimshaw & Marcela Miozzo, 2021. "Human Capital and productivity: a call for new interdisciplinary research," Working Papers 006, The Productivity Institute.
  123. Galle, Simon & Lorentzen, Linnea, 2024. "The unequal effects of trade and automation across local labor markets," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
  124. Ana Lucia Abeliansky & Klaus Prettner, 2021. "Population Growth and Automation Density: Theory and CrossCountry Evidence," VID Working Papers 2102, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
  125. Ghodsi, Mahdi & Stehrer, Robert & Barišić, Antea, 2024. "Assessing the impact of new technologies on wages and labour income shares," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
  126. Haonan Wang & Fangjuan Qiu, 2025. "AI adoption and labor cost stickiness: based on natural language and machine learning," Information Technology and Management, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 163-184, June.
  127. Engberg, Erik & Görg, Holger & Lodefalk, Magnus & Javed, Farrukh & Längkvist, Martin & Monteiro, Natália & Kyvik Nordås, Hildegunn & Pulito, Giuseppe & Schroeder, Sarah & Tang, Aili, 2023. "AI Unboxed and Jobs: A Novel Measure and Firm-Level Evidence from Three Countries," Ratio Working Papers 370, The Ratio Institute.
  128. Peng Liang & Xinhui Sun, 2024. "Does digital transformation promote the green innovation of China’s listed companies?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 22199-22235, September.
  129. Yang, Xiuyun & Li, Min & Liang, Shanshan, 2024. "How consumers’ digital engagement affects regional innovation capacity in China?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  130. Daron Acemoglu & Pascual Restrepo, 2020. "The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the future of labour demand," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 13(1), pages 25-35.
  131. Mohamed Ali Marouani & Michelle Marshalian, 2020. "Winners and losers in industrial policy 2.0," Working Papers hal-04001036, HAL.
  132. Naohisa Hirakata & Yasutaka Koike, 2018. "The Labor Share, Capital-Labor Substitution, and Factor Augmenting Technologies," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 18-E-20, Bank of Japan.
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