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Citations of
Karla Hoff

For current contact information and a more complete listing of works, please see here

The citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.

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Working papers

  1. Hoff, Karla, 2008. "Joseph E. Stiglitz," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4478, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]

    Cited by:

    1. Thierry Tressel, 1999. "Financial Intermediation and Growth: Long Run Consequences of Capital Market Imperfections," CSEF Working Papers 20, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. [Downloadable!]
    2. Odd-Helge Fjeldstad & Mick Moore, 2007. "Taxation and State Building: Poor Countries in a Globalised World," CMI Working Papers 11, CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute), Bergen, Norway. [Downloadable!]
    3. Dorothea Schäfer & Boriss Siliverstovs & Eva Terberger, 2005. "Banking Competition, Good or Bad?: The Case of Promoting Micro and Small Enterprise Finance in Kazakhstan," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 479, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    4. Karla Hoff & Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2002. "After the Big Bang? Obstacles to the Emergence of the Rule of Law in Post-Communist Societies," NBER Working Papers 9282, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    5. Messick, Richard E, 1999. "Judicial Reform and Economic Development: A Survey of the Issues," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(1), pages 117-36, February. [Downloadable!]
    6. Takane, Tsutomu, 2000. "Incentives Embedded in Institutions: The Case of Share Contracts in Ghanaian Cocoa Production," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), vol. 38(3), pages 374-397, September. [Downloadable!]
    7. Carnaje, Gideon P., 2007. "Contractual Arrangements in Philippine Fisheries," Discussion Papers DP 2007-22, Philippine Institute for Development Studies. [Downloadable!]
    8. Hoff, Karla & Stiglitz, Joseph E., 2004. "The transition from communism : a diagrammatic exposition of obstacles to the demand for the rule of law," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3352, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    9. Ravallion, 1999. "Monitoring targeting performance when decentralized allocation to the poor are unobserved," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2080, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    10. Ravallion, Martin, 1998. "Reaching poor areas in a federal system," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1901, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    11. M. Ghaffar Chaudhry, 2001. "Theory of Optimal Taxation and Current Tax Policy in Pakistan’s Agriculture," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 40(4), pages 489-502. [Downloadable!]
    12. Aidan Hollis & Arthur Sweetman, 1997. "Microcredit in Pre-Famine Ireland," Economic History 9704002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    13. Aidan Hollis & Arthur Sweetman, 1996. "The Evolution of A Microcredit Institution: The Irish Loan Funds, 1720 - 1920," Working Papers ecpap-96-01, University of Toronto, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    14. Schady, Norbert R., 2000. "Picking the poor : indicators for geographic targeting in Peru," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2477, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    15. Nabeel A. Goheer, 1999. "Poverty in Pakistan: Increasing Incidence, Chronic Gender Preponderance, and the Plausibility of Grameen-type Intermediation," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 38(4), pages 873-894. [Downloadable!]
    16. Ravallion, Martin, 2000. "Monitoring Targeting Performance When Decentralized Allocations to the Poor Are Unobserved," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(2), pages 331-45, May. [Downloadable!]
    17. Keefer, Philip, 2004. "A review of the political economy of governance : from property rights to voice," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3315, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]

  2. Hoff, Karla & Sen, Arijit, 2005. "The kin system as a poverty trap?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3575, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]

    Cited by:

    1. Piacentini, Mario, 2008. "Migration Enclaves, Schooling Choices and Social Mobility," MPRA Paper 8376, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    2. Garofalo, M.R. & Marra, M, 2007. "Work-Life Reconciliation Policies From Well-Being To Development: Rethinking EU Gender Mainstreaming," MPRA Paper 9598, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    3. Costas Aariadis & John Stachurski, 2004. "Poverty Traps," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 913, The University of Melbourne. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
      • Azariadis, Costas & Stachurski, John, 2005. "Poverty Traps," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 5 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    4. Basu, Kaushik & Felkey, Amanda J., 2008. "A Theory of Efficiency Wage with Multiple Unemployment Equilibria: How a Higher Minimum Wage Law Can Curb Unemployment," IZA Discussion Papers 3381, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    5. Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Skoufias, Emmanuel & Lunde, Trine, 2007. "Indigenous peoples in Latin America : economic opportunities and social networks," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4227, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    6. Subramanian, Arjunan & Qaim, Matin, 2006. "Competition, Kinship or Reciprocity? Village Experiments in Alternative Modes of Exchange," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25434, International Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
    7. Luciano Fanti & Luca Spataro, 2008. "Poverty traps and intergenerational transfers," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer, vol. 15(6), pages 693-711, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    8. Kaushik Basu, 2007. "Participatory Equity, Identity, and Productivity Policy Implications for Promoting Development," Working Papers id:1122, esocialsciences.com. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    9. Sindzingre, Alice, 2005. "Explaining Threshold Effects of Globalization on Poverty: An Institutional Perspective," Working Papers RP2005/53, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]

  3. Karla Hoff & Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2005. "The Creation of the Rule of Law and the Legitimacy of Property Rights: The Political and Economic Consequences of a Corrupt Privatization," NBER Working Papers 11772, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:

    Cited by:

    1. Bruno, Randolph Luca, 2008. "Rule of Law, Institutional Quality and Information," IZA Discussion Papers 3497, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    2. R. L. Bruno, 2008. "Rule of Law, Institutional Quality and Information," Working Papers 634, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna. [Downloadable!]
    3. David Martimort & Stephane Straub, 2006. "Privatization and Changes in Corruption Patterns: The Roots of Public Discontent," ESE Discussion Papers 147, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh. [Downloadable!]
    4. Stefano Porcelli, 2009. "Civilian Tradition and the Chinese Company Law," Transition Studies Review, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 438-449, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

  4. Hoff, Karla & Sen, Arijit, 2004. "Homeownership, community interactions, and segregation," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3316, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Published as:

    Cited by:

    1. Hilber, Christian A. L., 2007. "New Housing Supply and the Dilution of Social Capital," MPRA Paper 11620, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 14 Nov 2008. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    2. Arthur Grimes & Suzi Kerr & Andrew Aitken, 2005. "Bi-Directional Impacts of Economic, Social and Environmental Changes and the New Zealand Housing Market," Urban/Regional 0509012, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:

  5. Hoff, Karla & Pandey, Priyanka, 2004. "Belief systems and durable inequalities : an experimental investigation of Indian caste," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3351, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]

    Cited by:

    1. Costas Aariadis & John Stachurski, 2004. "Poverty Traps," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 913, The University of Melbourne. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
      • Azariadis, Costas & Stachurski, John, 2005. "Poverty Traps," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 5 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    2. Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Skoufias, Emmanuel & Lunde, Trine, 2007. "Indigenous peoples in Latin America : economic opportunities and social networks," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4227, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    3. Kaushik Basu, 2007. "Participatory Equity, Identity, and Productivity Policy Implications for Promoting Development," Working Papers id:1122, esocialsciences.com. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    4. Alice Nicole Sindzingre, 2007. "Poverty traps: a perspective from development economics," EconomiX Working Papers 2007-26, University of Paris West - Nanterre la Défense, EconomiX. [Downloadable!]
    5. François Bourguignon & Francisco Ferreira & Michael Walton, 2007. "Equity, efficiency and inequality traps: A research agenda," Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer, vol. 5(2), pages 235-256, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    6. Karla Hoff & Priyanka Pandey, 2006. "Discrimination, Social Identity, and Durable Inequalities," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(2), pages 206-211, May. [Downloadable!]
    7. Carlsson, Fredrik & Gupta, Gautam & Johansson-Stenman, Olof, 2005. "Keeping Up with the Vaishyas: Caste and Relative Standing," Working Papers in Economics 171, Göteborg University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    8. Horii, Ryo & Sasaki, Masaru, 2008. "Dual Poverty Trap: Intra- and Intergenerational Linkages in Frictional Labor Markets," MPRA Paper 13484, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    9. Wendy Janssens, 2005. "Measuring Externalities in Program Evaluation," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 05-017/2, Tinbergen Institute, revised 30 Mar 2006. [Downloadable!]

  6. Karla Hoff & Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2002. "After the Big Bang? Obstacles to the emergence of the rule of law in post-communist societies," Discussion Papers 0203-03, Columbia University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
    Published as:

    Cited by:

    1. Randolph Luca Bruno, 2006. "Unique Equilibrium in a Model of Rule of Law," LEM Papers Series 2006/16, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy. [Downloadable!]
    2. Catherine Locatelli & Dominique Finon, 2004. "L'échec de l'introduction d'institutions de marché dans une économie en transition : les limites du consensus de Washington dans un secteur de rente," Post-Print halshs-00001306_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
    3. Bruno, Randolph Luca, 2008. "Rule of Law, Institutional Quality and Information," IZA Discussion Papers 3497, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    4. Kira Boerner & Christa Hainz, 2006. "The Political Economy of Corruption and the Role of Financial Institutions," Discussion Papers 135, SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    5. R. L. Bruno, 2008. "Rule of Law, Institutional Quality and Information," Working Papers 634, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna. [Downloadable!]
    6. Milanovic, Branko & Hoff, Karla & Horowitz, Shale, 2008. "Political alternation as a restraint on investing in influence : evidence from the post-communist transition," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4747, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    7. Simon Gaechter & Benedikt Herrmann, 2006. "The limits of self-governance in the presence of spite: Experimental evidence from urban and rural Russia," Discussion Papers 2006-13, The Centre for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, School of Economics, University of Nottingham. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    8. Alexander Libman, 2006. "Government-Business Relations and Catching Up Reforms in the CIS," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 3(2), pages 263-288, December. [Downloadable!]
    9. Barbara G. Katz & Joel Owen, 2004. "Moving Toward the Rule of Law in the Face of Corruption: Re-examining the Big-Bang," Working Papers 04-34, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    10. Colin Rowat and Jayasri Dutta, 2004. "The commons with capital markets," Discussion Papers 05-01, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
      Other versions:
    11. Nauro F. Campos & Francesco Giovannoni, 2005. "The Determinants of Asset Stripping: Theory and Evidence From the Transition Economies," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp786, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross Business School. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    12. Alberto Chong & Mark Gradstein, 2004. "Inequality and Institutions," RES Working Papers 4361, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    13. Singh, Lakhwinder, 2006. "Deceleration of industrial growth and rural industrialization strategy for Indian Punjab," MPRA Paper 799, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    14. Dew-Becker, Ian & Gordon, Robert J, 2008. "Controversies about the Rise in American Inequality: A Survey," CEPR Discussion Papers 6817, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    15. Aaron Mehrotra & Tuomas Peltonen & Alvaro Santos Rivera, 2007. "Modelling inflation in China - a regional perspective," Working Paper Series 829, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    16. Catherine Locatelli & Dominique Finon, 2003. "Les limites à l'introduction des institutions de marché dans un secteur de rente," Post-Print halshs-00177824_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
    17. Costas Aariadis & John Stachurski, 2004. "Poverty Traps," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 913, The University of Melbourne. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
      • Azariadis, Costas & Stachurski, John, 2005. "Poverty Traps," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 5 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    18. Andrei Shleifer & Daniel Treisman, 2003. "A Normal Country," NBER Working Papers 10057, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    19. Deininger, Klaus & Jin, Songqing, 2006. "Securing property rights in transition: Lessons from implementation of China's rural land contracting law," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21465, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association). [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    20. Hainz, Christa & Boerner, Kira, 2005. "The Political Economy of Corruption and and the Role of Financial Institutions," Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Kiel 2005 6, Verein für Socialpolitik, Research Committee Development Economics. [Downloadable!]
    21. Hasan, Iftekhar & Wang, Haizhi & Zhou, Mingming, 2009. "Do better institutions improve bank efficiency? Evidence from a transitional economy," BOFIT Discussion Papers 28/2008, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition. [Downloadable!]
    22. Barbara G. Katz & Joel Owen, 2006. "Crime and Uncertain Punishment," Working Papers 06-02, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    23. Irina Denisova & Markus Eller & Timothy Frye & Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2007. "Who Wants to Revise Privatization and Why? Evidence from 28 Post-Communist Countries," Working Papers w0105, Center for Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR). [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    24. Beck, Thorsten & Laeven, Luc, 2005. "Institution building and growth in transition economies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3657, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    25. Sadek Boussena & Catherine Locatelli, 2004. "Vers une plus grande cohérence de la politique pétrolière de la Russie ?," Post-Print halshs-00003489_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
    26. Karla Hoff & Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2005. "The Creation of the Rule of Law and the Legitimacy of Property Rights: The Political and Economic Consequences of a Corrupt Privatization," NBER Working Papers 11772, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    27. Shuna Wang & Yang Yao, 2006. "Grassroots Democracy and Local Governance: Evidence from Rural China," Governance Working Papers 680, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    28. Alberto Chong & Mark Gradstein, 2004. "La desigualdad y las instituciones," RES Working Papers 4362, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
    29. Catherine Locatelli, 2006. "The russian oil industry between public and private governance : obstacles to international oil companies' investment strategies," Post-Print halshs-00002159_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
    30. Sadek Boussena & Catherine Locatelli, 2005. "Les fondements d'une nouvelle organisation du secteur pétrolier russe : entre le privé et l'Etat," Post-Print halshs-00003872_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
    31. Kira Boerner & Christa Hainz, 2007. "The Political Economy of Corruption & the Role of Financial Institutions," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp892, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross Business School. [Downloadable!]
    32. Ogus, Anthony, 2004. "The Importance of Legal Infrastructure for Regulation (and Deregulation) in Developing Countries," Centre on Regulation and Competition (CRC) Working papers 30603, University of Manchester, Institute for Development Policy and Management (IDPM). [Downloadable!]
    33. Alexei Goriaev & Alexei Zabotkin, 2006. "Risks of investing in the Russian stock market: Lessons of the first decade," Working Papers w0077, Center for Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR). [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    34. Sadek Boussena & Catherine Locatelli, 2005. "Towards a more coherent oil policy in Russia ?," Post-Print halshs-00003970_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
    35. Barbara G. Katz & Joel Owen, 2007. "Political Uncertainty and Crime in Transition Economies," Working Papers 07-4, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    36. Bruno Schönfelder, 2005. "Bulgaria's Long March Towards Meaningful Credit Contracts," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 173-204, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

  7. Karla Hoff & Andrew B. Lyon, 1994. "Non-Leaky Buckets: Optimal Redistributive Taxation and Agency Costs," NBER Working Papers 4652, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Published as:

    Cited by:

    1. Rajalaxmi Kamath, 2006. "Public inputs and the credit market," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer, vol. 13(6), pages 733-753, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    2. Chikako Yamauchi, 2008. "Heterogeneity in the Returns to Investment in Poor Villages," CEPR Discussion Papers 582, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. [Downloadable!]
    3. R. H. Haveman & J. K. Scholz, . "The Clinton welfare reform plan: Will it end poverty as we know it," Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Papers 1037-94, University of Wisconsin Institute for Research on Poverty. [Downloadable!]
    4. Deininger, Klaus, 1999. "Making negotiated land reform work : initial experience from Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2040, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    5. Sällström, Susanna, 2007. "Hobbies, Skills and Incentives to Work: The Happy Gardener and the Wealthy Golfer," CEPR Discussion Papers 6376, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    6. Andrew Goudie & Paul Ladd, 1999. "Economic growth, poverty and inequality," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 11(2), pages 177-195.
    7. Bas Jacobs & Sweder J.G. van Wijnbergen, 2005. "Capital Market Failure, Adverse Selection and Equity Financing of Higher Education," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 05-037/3, Tinbergen Institute. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    8. Bruno, Michael & Ravallion, Martin & Squire, Lyn, 1996. "Equity and growth in developing countries : old and new perspectives on the policy issues," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1563, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    9. Dilip Mookherjee & Debraj Ray, 2002. "Contractual Structure and Wealth Accumulation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(4), pages 818-849, September. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    10. Koichi Hamada & Shyam Sunder, 2005. "Information Asymmetry and the Problem of Transfers in Trade Negotiations and International Agencies," Working Papers 910, Economic Growth Center, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
    11. Costa, Carlos Eugênio da & Maestri, Lucas Jóver, 2004. "The risk-properties of human capital and the design of government policies," Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 554, Graduate School of Economics, Getulio Vargas Foundation (Brazil). [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    12. Barthold Albrecht, 1996. "Privatization, coordination and agency costs: The case for participation in Eastern Europe," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer, vol. 3(3), pages 351-368, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

Articles

  1. Karla Hoff & Priyanka Pandey, 2006. "Discrimination, Social Identity, and Durable Inequalities," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(2), pages 206-211, May. [Downloadable!]

    Cited by:

    1. Bezrukova, Katerina & Smith, John, 2008. "Towards an understanding of the endogenous nature of identity in games," MPRA Paper 14447, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    2. Thomas Jeitschko & Seamus O'Connell & Rowena Pecchenino, 2008. "Generalised Means of Simple Utility Functions with Risk Aversion," The Economic and Social Review, Economic and Social Studies, vol. 39(1), pages 39-54. [Downloadable!]
    3. Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Skoufias, Emmanuel & Lunde, Trine, 2007. "Indigenous peoples in Latin America : economic opportunities and social networks," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4227, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    4. Daniel J. Benjamin & James J. Choi & A. Joshua Strickland, 2007. "Social Identity and Preferences," NBER Working Papers 13309, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    5. Maria Knoth Humlum & Kristin J. Kleinjans & Helena Skyt Nielsen, 2007. "An Economic Analysis of Identity and Career Choice," Economics Working Papers 2007-14, School of Economics and Management, University of Aarhus. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    6. François Bourguignon & Francisco Ferreira & Michael Walton, 2007. "Equity, efficiency and inequality traps: A research agenda," Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer, vol. 5(2), pages 235-256, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:

  2. Karla Hoff & Priyanka Pandey, 2005. "Opportunity is not everything," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 13(3), pages 445-472, 07. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

    Cited by:

    1. Joana Naritomi & Rodrigo R. Soares & Juliano J. Assunção, 2007. "Rent Seeking and the Unveiling of 'De Facto' Institutions: Development and Colonial Heritage within Brazil," NBER Working Papers 13545, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

  3. Karla Hoff & Arijit Sen, 2005. "Homeownership, Community Interactions, and Segregation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(4), pages 1167-1189, September. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:

    See citations under working paper version above.

  4. Karla Hoff & Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2004. "After the Big Bang? Obstacles to the Emergence of the Rule of Law in Post-Communist Societies," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(3), pages 753-763, June. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:

    See citations under working paper version above.

  5. Karla Hoff, 2003. "Paths of Institutional Development: A View from Economic History," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 18(2), pages 205-226.

    Cited by:

    1. Kane, Sam & Eicher, Carl K., 2004. "Foreign Aid And The African Farmer," Staff Papers 11602, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics. [Downloadable!]
    2. Katsushi Imai & Raghav Gaiha & Ganesh Thapa, 2009. "Has Poverty Reduction Slowed Down in the Developing World? Evidence Based on New Poverty Estimates," The School of Economics Discussion Paper Series 0902, Economics, The University of Manchester. [Downloadable!]
    3. R Gaiha & K Imai & M A Nandhi, 2005. "Millennium Development Goal of Halving Poverty in Asia and the Pacific Region: Progress, Prospects and Priorities," The School of Economics Discussion Paper Series 0507, Economics, The University of Manchester. [Downloadable!]
    4. Elise Huillery, 2008. "The Impact of European Settlement within French West Africa. Did pre-colonial prosperous areas fall behind?," Working Papers DT/2008/01, DIAL (Développement, Institutions & Analyses de Long terme). [Downloadable!]
    5. Dixit, Avinash, 2006. "Evaluating recipes for development success," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3859, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    6. Hoff, Karla & Pandey, Priyanka, 2004. "Belief systems and durable inequalities : an experimental investigation of Indian caste," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3351, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    7. R Gaiha & K Imai, 2005. "Do Institutions Matter in Poverty Reduction? Prospects of Achieving the MDG of Poverty Reduction in Asia," The School of Economics Discussion Paper Series 0506, Economics, The University of Manchester. [Downloadable!]

  6. Hoff, Karla & Stiglitz, Joseph E., 1997. "Moneylenders and bankers: price-increasing subsidies in a monopolistically competitive market," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 429-462, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Published as:

    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Bisin & Danilo Guaitoli, 1998. "Moral Hazard and Non-Exclusive Contracts," Economics Working Papers 345, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    2. Emilia Bonaccorsi Di Patti & Giovanni Dell'Ariccia, 2003. "Bank competition and firm creation," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 481, Bank of Italy, Economic Research Department. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    3. Dorothea Schäfer & Boriss Siliverstovs & Eva Terberger, 2005. "Banking Competition, Good or Bad?: The Case of Promoting Micro and Small Enterprise Finance in Kazakhstan," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 479, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    4. Andreas Madestam, 2009. "Informal Finance: A Theory of Moneylenders," Working Papers 2009.69, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    5. Sarbajit Chaudhuri, 2005. "Interactions Between Two Informal Sector Lenders And Interest Rate Determination In The Informal Credit Market: A Theoretical Analysis," Game Theory and Information 0511002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    6. Swinnen, Johan F.M. & Vandeplas, Anneleen & Maertens, Miet, 2007. "Governance and Surplus Distribution in Commodity Value Chains in Africa," 106th Seminar, October 25-27, 2007, Montpellier, France 7950, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
    7. Sergio Navajas & Jonathan Conning & Claudio Gonzalez-Vega, 2003. "Lending technologies, competition and consolidation in the market for microfinance in Bolivia," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(6), pages 747-770. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    8. Johan F.M. Swinnen & Anneleen Vandeplas & Miet Maertens, 2009. "Liberalization with Endogenous Institutions: A Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Reform in Africa, Asia, and Europe," LICOS Discussion Papers 23309, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, K.U.Leuven. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    9. Mallick, Debdulal, 2009. "Microfinance and Moneylender Interest Rate: Evidence from Bangladesh," MPRA Paper 17800, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    10. Claessens, Stijn, 2005. "Access to financial services: a review of the issues and public policy objectives," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3589, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    11. Paolo Casini, 2008. "Competition and Altruism in Microcredit Markets," ECARES Working Papers 2008_037, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ecares. [Downloadable!]
    12. Casillas, Gabriel & Mitchell, Paul D., 2003. "Rural Credit Rationing And National Development Banks In Developing Countries," 2003 Annual meeting, July 27-30, Montreal, Canada 22199, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association). [Downloadable!]
    13. Roumasset, James, 2006. "The Economics of Agricultural Development: What Have We Learned?," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25598, International Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
    14. James Roumasset, 2004. "Rural Institutions, Agricultural Development, and Pro-poor Economic Growth," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, vol. 1(1), pages 61-82, June. [Downloadable!]
    15. Wendy Olsen, 2006. "Pluralism, poverty and sharecropping: Cultivating open-mindedness in development studies," The Journal of Development Studies, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 42(7), pages 1130-1157, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    16. Ayyagari, Meghana & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 2008. "Formal versus informal finance : evidence from China," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4465, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    17. Swinnen, Johan F.M. & Vandeplas, Anneleen, 2007. "Contracting, Competition, and Rent Distribution Theory and Empirical Evidence from Developing and Transition Countries," 103rd Seminar, April 23-25, 2007, Barcelona, Spain 9413, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
    18. Blackman, Allen, 2001. "Why Don't Lenders Finance High-Return Technological Change in Developing-Country Agriculture?," Discussion Papers dp-01-17, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
    19. Sarbajit Chaudhuri, 2005. "Interaction Of Formal And Informal Credit Markets In Backward," Game Theory and Information 0511001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
    20. Robin Burgess & Rohini Pande, 2003. "Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment," STICERD - Development Economics Papers 40, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    21. Giovanni Trovato & Marco Alfó, 2006. "Credit rationing and the financial structure of Italian small and medium enterprises," Journal of Applied Economics, Universidad del CEMA, vol. 0, pages 167-184, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    22. MARCOUL, Philippe & VEYSSIERE, Luc, 2008. "A Financial Contracting Approach to the Role of Supermarkets in Farmers' Credit Access," 2008 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2008, Orlando, Florida 6366, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association). [Downloadable!]
    23. James Roumasset, 2006. "The Economics of Agricultural Development: What Have We Learned? Processes," Working Papers 200604, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    24. Annamaria Menichini, 2000. "Third parties as an incentive to comply," CSEF Working Papers 41, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy, revised 01 Jan 2006. [Downloadable!]
    25. Mark Rosenzweig & Andrew D. Foster, 1995. "Imperfect Commitment, Altruism, and the Family: Evidence from Transfer Behavior in Low-Income Rural Areas," Home Pages _075, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    26. Marcoul, P. & Veyssiere, L., 2008. "Impact of Supermarket Procurement System on Farmers' Credit Access," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 43862, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
    27. Peter Lawrence, 2006. "Finance and development: why should causation matter?," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(7), pages 997-1016. [Downloadable!]
    28. Wendy Olsen, 2008. "Pluralism, Tenancy and Poverty: Cultivating Open-Mindedness in Poverty Studies," Working Papers id:1684, esocialsciences.com. [Downloadable!]
    29. Craig McIntosh & Alain de Janvry & Elisabeth Sadoulet, 2003. "How Rising Competition Among Microfinance Lenders Affects Incumbent Village Banks," Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley, Working Paper Series 987, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UC Berkeley. [Downloadable!]
    30. Maitreesh Ghatak & Massimo Morelli & Tomas Sjoström, 2001. "Credit rationing, wealth inequality, and allocation of talent," ICER Working Papers - Applied Mathematics Series 23-2001, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    31. Peter Lawrence, 2002. "Household Credit and Saving:Does Policy Matter?," Keele Economics Research Papers KERP 2002/04, Centre for Economic Research, Keele University. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:

  7. Hoff, Karla, 1997. "Bayesian learning in an infant industry model," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(3-4), pages 409-436, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

    Cited by:

    1. Ralph Ossa, 2006. "A Gold Rush Theory of Economic Development," CEP Discussion Papers dp0719, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. [Downloadable!]
    2. Pack, Howard & Saggi, Kamal, 2006. "The case for industrial policy : a critical survey," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3839, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    3. Alessandro Nicita & Marcelo Olarreaga & Isidro Soloaga, 2003. "The Region as an Export Platform to the World? The Case of Mercosur," Cuadernos de Economía (Latin American Journal of Economics), Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 40(121), pages 442-451. [Downloadable!]
    4. Rafael, MONER-COLONQUES & Vicente, ORTS & JosŽ J., SEMPERE-MONERRIS, 2003. "The Strategic Role of Information Asymmetry on Demand for the Multinational Enterprise," Discussion Papers (IRES - Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales) 2003002, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES). [Downloadable!]
    5. Carlo Altomonte & Enrico Pennings, 2003. "Oligopolistic Reaction to Foreign Investment in Discrete Choice Panel Data Models," Working Papers 243, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University. [Downloadable!]

  8. Hoff, Karla & Lyon, Andrew B., 1995. "Non-leaky buckets: Optimal redistributive taxation and agency costs," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(3), pages 365-390, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:

    See citations under working paper version above.

  9. Hoff, Karla, 1994. "A reexamination of the neoclassical trade model under uncertainty," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1-2), pages 1-27, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

    Cited by:

    1. Hansen, Bodil O. & Keiding, Hans, 2005. "On The Advantages of Piecemeal Integration," Working Papers 04-2005, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]

  10. Hoff, Karla, 1994. "The second theorem of the second best," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 223-242, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)

    Cited by:

    1. Rajalaxmi Kamath, 2006. "Public inputs and the credit market," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer, vol. 13(6), pages 733-753, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    2. David Coady & Jean Dreze, 2000. "Commodity Taxation and Social Welfare: The Generalised Ramsey Rule," Working papers 87, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    3. David Coady & Jean Drèze, 2000. "Commodity Taxation and Social Welfare: The Generalised Ramsey Rule," STICERD - Development Economics Papers 27, Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, LSE. [Downloadable!]
    4. Christian Keuschnigg & Soren Nielsen, 2001. "Public Policy for Venture Capital," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 557-572, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    5. David Coady & Jean Drèze, 2002. "Commodity Taxation and Social Welfare: The Generalized Ramsey Rule," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer, vol. 9(3), pages 295-316, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    6. William M. Gentry & R. Glenn Hubbard, 2000. "Entrepreneurship and Household Saving," NBER Working Papers 7894, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    7. Bruno, Michael & Ravallion, Martin & Squire, Lyn, 1996. "Equity and growth in developing countries : old and new perspectives on the policy issues," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1563, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    8. Dilip Mookherjee & Debraj Ray, 2002. "Contractual Structure and Wealth Accumulation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(4), pages 818-849, September. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    9. Koichi Hamada & Shyam Sunder, 2005. "Information Asymmetry and the Problem of Transfers in Trade Negotiations and International Agencies," Working Papers 910, Economic Growth Center, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
    10. C. Seidl & D. Archibugi & M. Shubik & M. Peitz & D. Lévy & J. Lothian & G. Hufbauer & C. Lülfesmann & U. Backes-Gellner & P. Moog, 2001. "Book reviews," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 73(2), pages 202-225, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
      • Karen Ehlers & M. Shubik & R. Gardner & G. Tichy & N. Long & F. Scherer & M. Burda & Gerlinde Sinn, 1993. "Book reviews," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 203-223, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      • M. Shubik & G. Laan & I. Kubin & E. Dietzenbacher & K. Spremann & U. Schweizer & K. Milford & H. Niida & F. Butschek & K. Rothschild, 1991. "Book reviews," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 299-324, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      • M. Shubik & G. Uhlich & M. Kemp & W. Enders & U. Kamecke & G. Fraja & W. Walker & J. Burbidge, 1997. "Book reviews," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 66(2), pages 206-221, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      • M. Shubik & K. Okuguchi & K. Borchardt & F. Schneider, 1990. "Book reviews," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 51(2), pages 207-218, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      • B. Priddat & G. Tullock & M. Shubik & S. Sheffrin, 1993. "Book reviews," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 203-213, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    11. Karla Hoff & Andrew B. Lyon, 1994. "Non-Leaky Buckets: Optimal Redistributive Taxation and Agency Costs," NBER Working Papers 4652, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:
    12. Dilip Mookherjee, 1999. "Contractual Constraints on Firm Performance in Developing Countries," Boston University - Institute for Economic Development 98, Boston University, Institute for Economic Development. [Downloadable!]

  11. Hoff, Karla, 1991. "Land Taxes, Output Taxes, and Sharecropping: Was Henry George Right?," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 5(1), pages 93-111, January.

    Cited by:

    1. Juliano Junqueira Assunção & Humberto Moreira, 2000. "ITR sem mentiras: um comentário sobre a taxação de terras com informação assimétrica," Textos para discussão 439, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil). [Downloadable!]
    2. Juliano Junqueira Assunção & Humberto Moreira, 2005. "Land taxes in a Latin American context," Textos para discussão 497, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil). [Downloadable!]
    3. Alderman, Harold & Paxson, Christina H & DEC, 1992. "Do the poor insure? A synthesis of the literature on risk and consumption in developing countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1008, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    4. Gelan, Ayele, 2004. "System-wide Impacts of Agricultural Export Taxes: A Simulation Experiment with Ethiopian Data," MPRA Paper 1490, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    5. Assunção, Juliano J. & Moreira, Humberto Luiz Ataide, 2004. "Land taxes in a Latin American context," Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 526, Graduate School of Economics, Getulio Vargas Foundation (Brazil). [Downloadable!]
    6. Devarajan, Shantayanan & Go, Delfin & Schiff, Maurice & Suthiwart-Narueput, Sethaput, 1996. "The whys and why nots of export taxation," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1684, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    7. Karla Hoff & Andrew B. Lyon, 1994. "Non-Leaky Buckets: Optimal Redistributive Taxation and Agency Costs," NBER Working Papers 4652, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
      Other versions:

  12. Hoff, Karla, 1991. "Introduction: Agricultural Taxation and Land Rights Systems," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 5(1), pages 85-91, January.

    Cited by:

    1. Richard M. Bird & Enid Slack, 2006. "The Role of the Property Tax in Financing Rural Local Governments in Developing Countries," International Tax Program Papers 0608, International Tax Program, Institute for International Business, Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto. [Downloadable!]

  13. Hoff, Karla & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1990. "Imperfect Information and Rural Credit Markets--Puzzles and Policy Perspectives," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 4(3), pages 235-50, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Teh, Robert Jr., 1991. "Interlinked Credit and Tenancy Arrangements: A State-of-the-Art Review," Working Papers WP 1991-10, Philippine Institute for Development Studies. [Downloadable!]
    2. Petrick, Martin & Latruffe, Laure, 2003. "Credit Access And Borrowing Costs In Poland'S Agricultural Credit Market: A Hedonic Pricing Approach," IAMO Discussion Papers 14905, Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO). [Downloadable!]
    3. Wim Fonteyne, 2007. "Cooperative Banks in Europe--Policy Issues," IMF Working Papers 07/159, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
    4. Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z., 1999. "Transaction costs and market institutions," MTID discussion papers 31, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
    5. Franz Heidues & Junior R. Davis & Gertrud Schrieder, 1997. "Agricultural Transformation and Implications for Designing Rural Financial Policies in Romania," CERT Discussion Papers 9722, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    6. Gertrud Schrieder & Franz Heidhues, 1998. "Transformation and Rural Finance," CERT Discussion Papers 9812, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University. [Downloadable!]
    7. Anita Gill, 2006. "Interlinked Agrarian Credit Markets in a Developing Economy: A Case Study of Indian Punjab," Working Papers id:760, esocialsciences.com. [Downloadable!]
    8. Mikkel Barslund & Finn Tarp, 2007. "Formal and Informal Rural Credit in Four Provinces of Vietnam," Discussion Papers 07-07, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    9. Petrick, Martin, 2003. "Empirical Measurement Of Credit Rationing In Agriculture: A Methodological Survey," IAMO Discussion Papers 14926, Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO). [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    10. Máximo Torero & Erica Field, 2005. "Impact of Land Titles over Rural Households," OVE Working Papers 0705, Inter-American Development Bank, Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). [Downloadable!]
    11. Bibhas Saha, 2008. "Corruption, Default and Optimal Credit in Welfare Programs," Working Papers id:1600, esocialsciences.com. [Downloadable!]
    12. Nissanke, Machiko & Aryeetey, Ernest, 2006. "Institutional Analysis of Financial Market Fragmentation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Risk-Cost Configuration Approach," Working Papers RP2006/87, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER). [Downloadable!]
    13. Annamaria Menichini, 2000. "Third parties as an incentive to comply," CSEF Working Papers 41, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy, revised 01 Jan 2006. [Downloadable!]
    14. Patrick Honohan, 1995. "The Impact of Financial and Fiscal Policies on Saving," Papers WP059, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI). [Downloadable!]
    15. Ben Groom & Charles Palmer, 2008. "Direct vs Indirect Payments for Environmental Services: The Role of Relaxing Market Constraints," Environmental Economy and Policy Research Working Papers 36.2008, University of Cambridge, Department of Land Economics, revised 2008. [Downloadable!]
    16. Hurrelmann, Annette, 2002. "How to Approach a Market? A Theoretical Concept for Defining and Describing Land Markets," 2002 International Congress, August 28-31, 2002, Zaragoza, Spain 24887, European Association of Agricultural Economists. [Downloadable!]
    17. Petrick, Martin, 2000. "Land Reform In Moldova: How Viable Are Emerging Peasant Farms? An Assessment Referring To A Recent World Bank Study," IAMO Discussion Papers 14882, Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO). [Downloadable!]
    18. Stephane Straub, 2004. "Informal Sector: The Credit Market Channel," ESE Discussion Papers 101, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh. [Downloadable!]
      Other versions:
    19. Kumar Aniket, 2005. "Self Help Groups: Use of modified ROSCAs in Microfinance," ESE Discussion Papers 137, Edinburgh School of Economics, University of Edinburgh. [Downloadable!]
    20. Ravallion, Martin & Wodon, Quentin, 1997. "Banking on the poor? Branch placement and nonfarm rural development in Bangladesh," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1858, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    21. Zhu, D., 2001. "Inequality, credit market imperfection, segmentation and economic growth," Discussion Paper 58, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    22. G. Schrieder & F. Heidhues, 1997. "Access Constraints of Romanian Peasants in Relation to the Formal Financial Sector," CERT Discussion Papers 9712, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University. [Downloadable!]
    23. Safavian, Mehnaz & Wimpey, Joshua, 2007. "When do enterprises prefer informal credit ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4435, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    24. Boucher, Steve & Guirkinger, Catherine & Trivelli, Carolina, 2006. "Direct Elicitation of Credit Constraints: Conceptual and Practical Issues with an Empirical Application to Peruvian Agriculture," Working Papers 6883, University of California, Davis, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics. [Downloadable!]
    25. Zeller, Manfred & Ahmed, Akhter U. & Babu, Suresh Chandra & Broca, Sumiter S. & Diagne, Aliou & Sharma, Manohar, 1996. "Rural finance policies for food security of the poor," FCND discussion papers 11, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). [Downloadable!]
    26. Bongini, Paola & Ferri, Giovanni & Tae Soo Kang, 2000. "Financial intermediary distress in the Republic of Korea - Small is beautiful?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2332, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]

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