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Competition and Wide Outreach of Microfinance Institutions

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  • KAI, Hisako

Abstract

While the theoretical literature has found that intense competition leads to the poorest borrowers dropping out of the microfinance market, we do not possess sufficient research accumulated for empirical analysis in this field. This paper examines the empirical relationship between competition and wide outreach—which measures how poor-borrower microfinance institutions (MFIs) provide loans—and its accompanying effect, the impact of competition on financial self-sufficiency (FSS), using abundant financial data for socially-motivated MFIs between 2003 and 2006. We provide the first detailed econometric analysis in this regard focusing on socially-motivated MFIs in developing countries around the world. This paper finds that intense competition worsens the wide outreach, showing that the poorest borrowers are dropped from the microfinance lending portfolio. Moreover, the empirical result indicates that the adverse effect of competition on wide outreach declines as MFIs gain experience. Furthermore, this paper confirms that competition does not worsen financial self-sufficiency (FSS) and hence does not raise subsidy dependence.

Suggested Citation

  • KAI, Hisako, 2009. "Competition and Wide Outreach of Microfinance Institutions," MPRA Paper 17143, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:17143
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    1. Hoff, Karla & Stiglitz, Joseph E., 1998. "Moneylenders and bankers: price-increasing subsidies in a monopolistically competitive market," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 485-518, April.
    2. Morduch, Jonathan, 1999. "The role of subsidies in microfinance: evidence from the Grameen Bank," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 229-248, October.
    3. Shahidur R. Khandker, 2005. "Microfinance and Poverty: Evidence Using Panel Data from Bangladesh," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 19(2), pages 263-286.
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    5. Craig McIntosh & Alain Janvry & Elisabeth Sadoulet, 2005. "How Rising Competition Among Microfinance Institutions Affects Incumbent Lenders," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 115(506), pages 987-1004, October.
    6. Robert M. Townsend & Jacob Yaron, 2001. "The credit risk-contingency system of an Asian development bank," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 25(Q III), pages 31-48.
    7. Conning, Jonathan, 1999. "Outreach, sustainability and leverage in monitored and peer-monitored lending," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 51-77, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brishti Guha & Prabal Roy Chowdhury, 2014. "Borrower Targeting under Microfinance Competition with Motivated Microfinance Institutions and Strategic Complementarity," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 52(3), pages 211-240, September.
    2. Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, 2020. "Microfinance financial sustainability and outreach: is there a trade-off?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 1329-1350, September.
    3. Mira Nurmakhanova & Gavin Kretzschmar & Hassouna Fedhila, 2015. "Trade-off between financial sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 5(2), pages 231-250, December.
    4. Brishti Guha & Prabal Roy Chowdhury, 2012. "Borrower Targeting under Micro-finance Competition with Motivated MFIs," Working Papers 05-2012, Singapore Management University, School of Economics.
    5. Attiya Yasmin Javid & Afsheen Abrar, 2015. "Microfinance Institutions and Poverty Reduction: A Cross Regional Analysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 371-387.
    6. Al-Azzam, Moh’d & Mimouni, Karim, 2016. "Is exchange rate risk priced in microfinance?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 520-531.
    7. Shamima Nasrin & Rajah Rasiah & Angathevar Baskaran & Muhammad Mehedi Masud, 2018. "What determines the financial performance of microfinance institutions in Bangladesh? a panel data analysis," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(3), pages 1409-1422, May.
    8. Sefa Awaworyi Churchill, 2018. "Sustainability and depth of outreach: Evidence from microfinance institutions in sub‐Saharan Africa," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 36(S2), pages 676-695, September.
    9. Louis, Philippe & Seret, Alex & Baesens, Bart, 2013. "Financial Efficiency and Social Impact of Microfinance Institutions Using Self-Organizing Maps," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 197-210.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Competition; Wide Outreach; Microfinance Institutions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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