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Claus Brand

Citations

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Working papers

  1. Kamps, Christophe & Bussière, Matthieu & Niessner, Birgit & Tristani, Oreste & Christoffel, Kai & Kapadia, Sujit & Ferrero, Giuseppe & Gilbert, Niels & Vlassopoulos, Thomas & Motto, Roberto & Gerke, R, 2025. "Report on monetary policy tools, strategy and communication," Occasional Paper Series 372, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Arden, Lucas & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Kamps, Christophe, 2025. "Inflation-stabilizing monetary and fiscal policy rules at and away from the lower bound," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    2. McClung, Nigel, 2025. "Why should fiscal imbalances concern policymakers at independent inflation-targeting central banks?," BoF Economics Review 4/2025, Bank of Finland.
    3. Luca Baldo & Marco Bernardini, 2025. "What drives policy rate expectations? Evidence from the post-pandemic monetary policy cycle," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1500, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.

  2. Akkaya, Yıldız & Bitter, Lea & Brand, Claus & Fonseca, Luís, 2024. "A statistical approach to identifying ECB monetary policy," Working Paper Series 2994, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Paul Hubert & Rose Portier, 2025. "The Signaling Effects of Tightening and Easing Monetary Policy," Working papers 999, Banque de France.
    2. Sylvérie Herbert & Paul Hubert & Mathias Lé, 2025. "When does Monetary Policy Matter? Policy Stance vs. Term Premium News," Working papers 1017, Banque de France.
    3. Kamps, Christophe & Bussière, Matthieu & Niessner, Birgit & Tristani, Oreste & Christoffel, Kai & Kapadia, Sujit & Ferrero, Giuseppe & Gilbert, Niels & Vlassopoulos, Thomas & Motto, Roberto & Gerke, R, 2025. "Report on monetary policy tools, strategy and communication," Occasional Paper Series 372, European Central Bank.

  3. Assenmacher, Katrin & Berentsen, Aleksander & Brand, Claus & Lamersdorf, Nora, 2021. "A unified framework for CBDC design: remuneration, collateral haircuts and quantity constraints," Working Paper Series 2578, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Perazzi, Elena & Bacchetta, Philippe, 2022. "CBDC as imperfect substitute to bank deposits: a macroeconomic perspective," MPRA Paper 115574, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Simone Auer & Nicola Branzoli & Giuseppe Ferrero & Antonio Ilari & Francesco Palazzo & Edoardo Rainone, 2024. "CBDC and the banking system," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 829, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    3. Charles M. Kahn & Maarten R.C. van Oordt, 2022. "The Demand for Programmable Payments," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-076/IV, Tinbergen Institute.
    4. Christopher J. Gust & Kyungmin Kim & Romina Ruprecht, 2023. "The Effects of CBDC on the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-068, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    5. Todd Keister & Daniel R. Sanches, 2021. "Should Central Banks Issue Digital Currency?," Working Papers 21-37, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
    6. Alessandro Moro & Valerio Nispi Landi, 2023. "The external financial spillovers of CBDCs," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1416, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    7. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "Central bank digital currency and bank earnings management using loan loss provisions," MPRA Paper 116412, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Magin, Jana Anjali & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2023. "The macroeconomic effects of different CBDC regimes in an economy with a heterogeneous household sector," DICE Discussion Papers 396, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    9. Nyffenegger, Remo, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and bank intermediation: Medium of Exchange vs. Savings vehicle," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    10. Barbara Meller & Oscar Soons, 2023. "Know your (holding) limits: CBDC, financial stability and central bank reliance," Working Papers 771, DNB.
    11. Ahnert, Toni & Assenmacher, Katrin & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Monnet, Cyril & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2022. "The economics of central bank digital currency," Working Paper Series 2713, European Central Bank.
    12. Muñoz, Manuel A. & Soons, Oscar, 2024. "Public money as a store of value, heterogeneous beliefs and banks: implications of CBDC," ESRB Working Paper Series 146, European Systemic Risk Board.
    13. Li, Jiaqi, 2023. "Predicting the demand for central bank digital currency: A structural analysis with survey data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 73-85.
    14. Magin, Jana & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2023. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Different CBDC Regimes in an Economy with a Heterogeneous Household Sector," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277656, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    15. Magin, Jana Anjali & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2025. "Cash or Cache? Distributional and business cycle implications of CBDC holding limits," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    16. Raphael Auer & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Cyril Monnet & Tara Rice & Hyun Song Shin, 2021. "Central bank digital currencies: motives, economic implications and the research frontier," BIS Working Papers 976, Bank for International Settlements.
    17. Abad, Jorge & Nuño, Galo & Thomas, Carlos, 2025. "CBDC and the operational framework of monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).

  4. policy, Work stream on macroprudential & Albertazzi, Ugo & Martin, Alberto & Assouan, Emmanuelle & Tristani, Oreste & Galati, Gabriele & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2021. "The role of financial stability considerations in monetary policy and the interaction with macroprudential policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 272, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Yasin Mimir, 2023. "Leaning against persistent financial cycles with occasional crises," Working Papers 56, European Stability Mechanism.
    2. Yannis Dafermos, 2024. "The climate crisis meets the ECB: tinkering around the edges or paradigm shift?," Working Papers 264, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    3. Anna Dobrzańska & Paweł Smaga, 2024. "Assessment of macroprudential strategy documents: Are they ready for the challenges ahead?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(4), pages 437-450, December.

  5. Brand, Claus & Goy, Gavin & Lemke, Wolfgang, 2021. "Natural rate chimera and bond pricing reality," Working Paper Series 2612, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. NAKAJIMA, Jouchi & SUDO, Nao & HOGEN, Yoshihiko & TAKIZUKA, Yasutaka, 2023. "On the estimation of the natural yield curve," Discussion Paper Series 753, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    2. Xia, Ying & Chen, Muyang, 2023. "The Janus face of stateness: China's development-oriented equity investments in Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Böhl, Gregor & Goy, Gavin & Strobel, Felix, 2020. "A structural investigation of quantitative easing," IMFS Working Paper Series 142, Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS).
    4. Schupp, Fabian, 2020. "The (ir)relevance of the nominal lower bound for real yield curve analysis," Working Paper Series 2476, European Central Bank.
    5. Burban, Valentin & De Backer, Bruno & Vladu, Andreea Liliana, 2024. "Inflation (de-)anchoring in the euro area," Working Paper Series 2964, European Central Bank.
    6. Mark Mink & Rodney Ramcharan & Iman van Lelyveld, 2020. "How Banks Respond to Distress: Shifting Risks in Europe’s Banking Union," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 20-006/IV, Tinbergen Institute.
    7. policy, Work stream on macroprudential & Albertazzi, Ugo & Martin, Alberto & Assouan, Emmanuelle & Tristani, Oreste & Galati, Gabriele & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2021. "The role of financial stability considerations in monetary policy and the interaction with macroprudential policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 272, European Central Bank.
    8. Dufrénot, Gilles & Rhouzlane, Meryem & Vaccaro-Grange, Etienne, 2022. "Potential growth and natural yield curve in Japan," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    9. Mark Mink & Rodney Ramcharan & Iman van Lelyveld, 2020. "How banks respond to distress: Shifting risks in Europe's banking union," Working Papers 669, DNB.
    10. Mongelli, Francesco Paolo & Pointner, Wolfgang & van den End, Jan Willem, 2022. "The effects of climate change on the natural rate of interest: a critical survey," Working Paper Series 2744, European Central Bank.
    11. Claudio Borio, 2021. "Navigating by r*: safe or hazardous?," BIS Working Papers 982, Bank for International Settlements.

  6. Cecion, Martina & Coenen, Günter & Gerke, Rafael & Le Bihan, Hervé & Motto, Roberto & Aguilar, Pablo & Ajevskis, Viktors & Giesen, Sebastian & Albertazzi, Ugo & Gilbert, Niels & Al-Haschimi, Alexander, 2021. "The ECB’s price stability framework: past experience, and current and future challenges," Occasional Paper Series 269, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Viktors Ajevskis, 2024. "One Who Hesitates Is Lost: Monetary Policy Under Model Uncertainty and Model Misspecification," Working Papers 2024/07, Latvijas Banka.
    2. Gerdesmeier, Dieter & Reimers, Hans-Eggert & Roffia, Barbara, 2023. "Investigating the inflation-output-nexus for the euro area: Old questions and new results," Wismar Discussion Papers 01/2023, Hochschule Wismar, Wismar Business School.
    3. Gerke, Rafael & Kienzler, Daniel & Scheer, Alexander, 2022. "On the macroeconomic effects of reinvestments in asset purchase programmes," Discussion Papers 47/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    4. Debrun, Xavier & Masuch, Klaus & Ferrero, Guiseppe & Vansteenkiste, Isabel & Ferdinandusse, Marien & von Thadden, Leopold & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Alloza, Mario & Derouen, Chloé & Bańkowski, Krzyszto, 2021. "Monetary-fiscal policy interactions in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 273, European Central Bank.
    5. Lucian Briciu & Stefan Hohberger & Luca Onorante & Beatrice Pataracchia & Marco Ratto & Lukas Vogel, 2023. "The ECB Strategy Review - Implications for the Space of Monetary Policy," European Economy - Discussion Papers 193, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    6. Philip R. Lane, 2021. "La stratégie de politique monétaire de la Banque centrale européenne," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, vol. 0(4), pages 75-89.
    7. Gerke, Rafael & Giesen, Sebastian & Kienzler, Daniel & Röttger, Joost & Scheer, Alexander, 2021. "A comparison of monetary policy rules in an estimated TANK model," Technical Papers 05/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    8. Michael T. Kiley, 2025. "Monetary Policy Strategy and the Anchoring of Long-Run Inflation Expectations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2025-027, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    9. Martina Cecioni & Adriana Grasso & Alessandro Notarpietro & Massimiliano Pisani, 2021. "Revisiting monetary policy objectives and strategies: international experience and challenges from the ELB," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 660, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    10. Ignazio Visco, 2023. "Inflation Expectations and Monetary Policy in the Euro Area," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 51(2), pages 111-129, September.
    11. Benigno, Pierpaolo & Canofari, Paolo & Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni & Messori, Marcello, 2023. "The ECB’s new inflation target from a short- and long-term perspective," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 286-304.
    12. Stéphane Dupraz & Hervé Le Bihan & Julien Matheron, 2022. "Make-up Strategies with Finite Planning Horizons but Forward-Looking Asset Prices," Working papers 862, Banque de France.
    13. Corbisiero, Giuseppe & Lawton, Neil, 2021. "The ECB’s Review of its Monetary Policy Strategy," Quarterly Bulletin Articles, Central Bank of Ireland, pages 70-103, October.
    14. Hans-Eggert Reimers & Dieter Gerdesmeier & Barbara Roffia, 2023. "Investigating the Inflation–Output Nexus for the Euro Area: Old Questions and New Results," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    15. Brand, Claus & Obstbaum, Meri & Coenen, Günter & Sondermann, David & Lydon, Reamonn & Ajevskis, Viktors & Hammermann, Felix & Angino, Siria & Hernborg, Nils & Basso, Henrique & Hertweck, Matthias & Bi, 2021. "Employment and the conduct of monetary policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 275, European Central Bank.
    16. Gerke, Rafael & Kienzler, Daniel & Scheer, Alexander, 2021. "Unconventional monetary policies at the effective lower bound," Technical Papers 03/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    17. Kamps, Christophe & Bussière, Matthieu & Niessner, Birgit & Tristani, Oreste & Christoffel, Kai & Kapadia, Sujit & Ferrero, Giuseppe & Gilbert, Niels & Vlassopoulos, Thomas & Motto, Roberto & Gerke, R, 2025. "Report on monetary policy tools, strategy and communication," Occasional Paper Series 372, European Central Bank.
    18. Edouard Djeutem & Mario He & Abeer Reza & Yang Zhang, 2022. "Household Heterogeneity and the Performance of Monetary Policy Frameworks," Staff Working Papers 22-12, Bank of Canada.
    19. Eleni Argiri & Ifigeneia Skotida, 2021. "The 2021 review of the monetary policy strategy of the Eurosystem: an economy of forces," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 54, pages 23-57, December.
    20. Dobrew, Michael & Gerke, Rafael & Giesen, Sebastian & Röttger, Joost, 2023. "Make-up strategies with incomplete markets and bounded rationality," Discussion Papers 01/2023, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    21. Hess T. Chung & Callum J. Jones & Antoine Lepetit & Fernando M. Martin, 2025. "Implications of Inflation Dynamics for Monetary Policy Strategies," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2025-072, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    22. Dobrew, Michael & Gerke, Rafael & Kienzler, Daniel & Schwemmer, Alexander, 2023. "Monetary policy rules under bounded rationality," Discussion Papers 18/2023, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    23. Dobrew, Michael & Gerke, Rafael & Giesen, Sebastian & Röttger, Joost, 2021. "A comparison of monetary policy rules in a HANK model," Technical Papers 02/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    24. Nickel, Christiane & Kilponen, Juha & Moral-Benito, Enrique & Koester, Gerrit & Ciccarelli, Matteo & Enders, Almira & Holton, Sarah & Landau, Bettina & Venditti, Fabrizio & Bobeica, Elena & Brand, Cla, 2025. "A strategic view on the economic and inflation environment in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 371, European Central Bank.

  7. Brand, Claus & Obstbaum, Meri & Coenen, Günter & Sondermann, David & Lydon, Reamonn & Ajevskis, Viktors & Hammermann, Felix & Angino, Siria & Hernborg, Nils & Basso, Henrique & Hertweck, Matthias & Bi, 2021. "Employment and the conduct of monetary policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 275, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Sandra Gomes & Pascal Jacquinot, 2023. "A single monetary policy for heterogeneous labour markets: the case of the euro area," Working Papers w202301, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    2. Cecion, Martina & Coenen, Günter & Gerke, Rafael & Le Bihan, Hervé & Motto, Roberto & Aguilar, Pablo & Ajevskis, Viktors & Giesen, Sebastian & Albertazzi, Ugo & Gilbert, Niels & Al-Haschimi, Alexander, 2021. "The ECB’s price stability framework: past experience, and current and future challenges," Occasional Paper Series 269, European Central Bank.
    3. Philip R. Lane, 2021. "La stratégie de politique monétaire de la Banque centrale européenne," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, vol. 0(4), pages 75-89.
    4. Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Kornprobst, Antoine & Priftis, Romanos, 2024. "Monetary policy strategies to navigate post-pandemic inflation: an assessment using the ECB’s New Area-Wide Model," Working Paper Series 2935, European Central Bank.
    5. Bobasu, Alina & Ciccarelli, Matteo & Notarpietro, Alessandro & Ambrocio, Gene & Auer, Simone & Bonfim, Diana & Bottero, Margherita & Brázdik, František & Buss, Ginters & Byrne, David & Casalis, André , 2025. "Monetary policy transmission: a reference guide through ESCB models and empirical benchmarks," Occasional Paper Series 377, European Central Bank.
    6. Kremer, Elise & Reissl, Severin & Fierro, Luca E. & Emmerling, Johannes & Lamperti, Francesco & Roventini, Andrea, 2025. "Energy price shocks in the European Union: Macroeconomic impacts, distributional effects and policy responses," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    7. Corbisiero, Giuseppe & Lawton, Neil, 2021. "The ECB’s Review of its Monetary Policy Strategy," Quarterly Bulletin Articles, Central Bank of Ireland, pages 70-103, October.
    8. Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Notarpietro, Alessandro & Kilponen, Juha & Papadopoulou, Niki & Zimic, Srečko & Aldama, Pierre & Langenus, Geert & Alvarez, Luis Julian & Lemoine, Matthieu & Angelini, Elena, 2021. "Review of macroeconomic modelling in the Eurosystem: current practices and scope for improvement," Occasional Paper Series 267, European Central Bank.
    9. Ciccarelli, Matteo & Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Priftis, Romanos & Angelini, Elena & Bańbura, Marta & Bokan, Nikola & Fagan, Gabriel & Gumiel, José Emilio & Kornprobst, Antoine & Lalik, Magdalena & Mo, 2024. "ECB macroeconometric models for forecasting and policy analysis," Occasional Paper Series 344, European Central Bank.

  8. Brand, Claus & Mazelis, Falk, 2019. "Taylor-rule consistent estimates of the natural rate of interest," Working Paper Series 2257, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Ansgar Rannenberg, 2019. "Inequality, the risk of secular stagnation and the increase in household deb," Working Paper Research 375, National Bank of Belgium.
    2. Philippe Andrade & Jordi Gali & Hervé Le Bihan & Julien Matheron, 2021. "Should the ECB Adjust its Strategy in the Face of a Lower r*?," Working papers 811, Banque de France.
    3. Brand, Claus & Goy, Gavin & Lemke, Wolfgang, 2025. "Estimating the natural rate of interest in a macro-finance yield curve model," Working Paper Series 3160, European Central Bank.
    4. Vítor Constâncio, 2020. "The return of fiscal policy and the euro area fiscal rule," Working Papers REM 2020/0127, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    5. Maciej Stefański, 2023. "Natural Rate of Interest in a Small Open Economy with Application to CEE Countries," KAE Working Papers 2023-093, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis.
    6. Adam Glapiński, 2025. "Ryzyka związane z przedwczesnym przyjęciem euro przez Polskę w świetle teorii optymalnych obszarów walutowych," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 56(3), pages 253-268.
    7. Jurkšas, Linas & Pereira, Francisco Gomes, 2024. "Fiscal stance role for ECB monetary policy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 46(6), pages 1210-1227.
    8. Maih, Junior & Mazelis, Falk & Motto, Roberto & Ristiniemi, Annukka, 2021. "Asymmetric monetary policy rules for the euro area and the US," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    9. Jens Klose, 2021. "Daily Monetary Policy Rules and the ECB's Medium-Term Orientation," MAGKS Papers on Economics 202129, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    10. Adrian Penalver & Daniele Siena, 2021. "The Deflationary Bias of the ZLB and the FED s Strategic Response," Working papers 843, Banque de France.
    11. Saeed Zaman, 2021. "A Unified Framework to Estimate Macroeconomic Stars," Working Papers 21-23R2, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, revised 31 May 2024.
    12. Yakov Ben‐Haim & Jan Willem Van den End, 2022. "Assessing uncertainty in the natural rate of interest: Info‐gap as guide for monetary policy in the euro area," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 3228-3245, July.
    13. Mazelis, Falk & Motto, Roberto & Ristiniemi, Annukka, 2023. "Monetary policy strategies for the euro area: optimal rules in the presence of the ELB," Working Paper Series 2797, European Central Bank.
    14. Patrik Kupkovic, 2020. "R-star in Transition Economies: Evidence from Slovakia," Working and Discussion Papers WP 3/2020, Research Department, National Bank of Slovakia.
    15. Camarero, Mariam & Dufrénot, Gilles & Tamarit, Cecilio & Vaccaro-Grange, Etienne, 2025. "Inequality’s ripple effect: Analyzing its influence on the natural interest rate and monetary policy in Germany, Japan, and the US," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    16. Ansgar Rannenberg & Thomas Theobald, 2022. "Income inequality and the German export surplus," Working Paper Research 424, National Bank of Belgium.
    17. Anton Nakov & Roberto M. Billi & Jordi Galí, 2022. "Optimal Monetary Policy with r," Working Papers 1333, Barcelona School of Economics.
    18. Hongjin Li & Naifang Su, 2020. "Financial Factors, Openness and the Natural Interest Rate in China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 28(4), pages 76-100, July.
    19. policy, Work stream on macroprudential & Albertazzi, Ugo & Martin, Alberto & Assouan, Emmanuelle & Tristani, Oreste & Galati, Gabriele & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2021. "The role of financial stability considerations in monetary policy and the interaction with macroprudential policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 272, European Central Bank.
    20. Gilles Dufrénot & Meryem Rhouzlane & Etienne Vaccaro-Grange, 2019. "Potential Growth and Natural Yield Curve in Japan," Working Papers halshs-02091035, HAL.
    21. Koester, Gerrit & Lis, Eliza & Nickel, Christiane & Osbat, Chiara & Smets, Frank, 2021. "Understanding low inflation in the euro area from 2013 to 2019: cyclical and structural drivers," Occasional Paper Series 280, European Central Bank.
    22. Alexandre Carvalho, 2023. "The euro area natural interest rate – Estimation and importance for monetary policy," Economic Bulletin and Financial Stability Report Articles and Banco de Portugal Economic Studies, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    23. Manuel Gonzalez-Astudillo & Jean-Philippe Laforte, 2020. "Estimates of r* Consistent with a Supply-Side Structure and a Monetary Policy Rule for the U.S. Economy," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-085, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    24. Brand, Claus & Goy, Gavin W & Lemke, Wolfgang, 2020. "Natural rate chimera and bond pricing reality," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224546, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    25. Joscha Beckmann & Klaus-Jürgen Gern & Nils Jannsen, 2022. "Should they stay or should they go? Negative interest rate policies under review," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 885-912, October.
    26. Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens & Fiedler, Salomon & Gern, Klaus-Jürgen & Groll, Dominik & Jannsen, Nils & Kooths, Stefan, 2021. "Vermögenspreise, Zinseffekte und die Robustheit der öffentlichen Finanzen in Deutschland - eine Szenario-Analyse," Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik 36, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    27. Andrade, Philippe & Galí, Jordi & Le Bihan, Hervé & Matheron, Julien, 2021. "Should the ECB adjust its strategy in the face of a lower r★?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    28. Brand, Claus & Bielecki, Marcin & Penalver, Adrian, 2018. "The natural rate of interest: estimates, drivers, and challenges to monetary policy JEL Classification: E52, E43," Occasional Paper Series 217, European Central Bank.
    29. Bielecki, Marcin & Brzoza-Brzezina, Michał & Błażejowska, Aneta & Kuziemska-Pawlak, Kamila & Szafrański, Grzegorz, . "Szacunki i projekcje naturalnej stopy procentowej dla Polski i strefy euro," Gospodarka Narodowa-The Polish Journal of Economics, Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie / SGH Warsaw School of Economics, vol. 2024(3).
    30. Osoro, Jared & Talam, Camilla, 2025. "Monetary policy at the turn of financial markets: A forerunner or follower?," KBA Centre for Research on Financial Markets and Policy Working Paper Series 89, Kenya Bankers Association (KBA).
    31. Jang, Bosung & So, Inhwan, 2024. "Stock returns and monetary policy stance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 851-869.
    32. Jurkšas, Linas, 2024. "The impact of the heterogenous fiscal policy stance of euro-area member states on ECB monetary policy," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(4).
    33. Klose, Jens, 2023. "Estimated monetary policy rules for the ECB with granular variations of forecast horizons for inflation and output," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    34. Linas Jurkšas & Francisco Gomes Pereira, 2023. "Do the projected fiscal deficits play a role in ECB monetary policymaking?," Working Papers REM 2023/0258, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    35. Rostagno, Massimo & Altavilla, Carlo & Carboni, Giacomo & Lemke, Wolfgang & Motto, Roberto & Saint Guilhem, Arthur & Yiangou, Jonathan, 2019. "A tale of two decades: the ECB’s monetary policy at 20," Working Paper Series 2346, European Central Bank.
    36. Mongelli, Francesco Paolo & Pointner, Wolfgang & van den End, Jan Willem, 2022. "The effects of climate change on the natural rate of interest: a critical survey," Working Paper Series 2744, European Central Bank.

  9. Claus Brand & Marcin Bielecki & Adrian Penalver, 2019. "The natural rate of interest: estimates, drivers, and challenges to monetary policy," NBP Working Papers 308, Narodowy Bank Polski.

    Cited by:

    1. Coenen, Günter & Montes-Galdón, Carlos & Schmidt, Sebastian, 2021. "Macroeconomic stabilisation and monetary policy effectiveness in a low-interest-rate environment," CFS Working Paper Series 656, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    2. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve’s Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : A speech at \"New England Perspectives on Fed Policymaking: A 'Fed Listens' Conference\" hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston," Speech 1063, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Brand, Claus & Mazelis, Falk, 2019. "Taylor-rule consistent estimates of the natural rate of interest," Working Paper Series 2257, European Central Bank.
    4. Magnus Reif, 2020. "Macroeconomics, Nonlinearities, and the Business Cycle," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 87.
    5. Cecion, Martina & Coenen, Günter & Gerke, Rafael & Le Bihan, Hervé & Motto, Roberto & Aguilar, Pablo & Ajevskis, Viktors & Giesen, Sebastian & Albertazzi, Ugo & Gilbert, Niels & Al-Haschimi, Alexander, 2021. "The ECB’s price stability framework: past experience, and current and future challenges," Occasional Paper Series 269, European Central Bank.
    6. Debrun, Xavier & Masuch, Klaus & Ferrero, Guiseppe & Vansteenkiste, Isabel & Ferdinandusse, Marien & von Thadden, Leopold & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Alloza, Mario & Derouen, Chloé & Bańkowski, Krzyszto, 2021. "Monetary-fiscal policy interactions in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 273, European Central Bank.
    7. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "Sustaining Maximum Employment and Price Stability : a speech at the Economic Club of New York, New York, New York, May 30, 2019," Speech 1067, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    8. Adrian Penalver & Daniele Siena, 2021. "The Deflationary Bias of the ZLB and the FED s Strategic Response," Working papers 843, Banque de France.
    9. Philippe Andrade & Jordi Gali & Hervé Le Bihan & Julien Matheron, 2019. "The Optimal Inflation Target and the Natural Rate of Interest," Working Papers 19-18, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    10. Coenen, Günter & Montes-Galdón, Carlos & Smets, Frank, 2020. "Effects of state-dependent forward guidance, large-scale asset purchases and fiscal stimulus in a low-interest-rate environment," CFS Working Paper Series 639, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    11. Böhl, Gregor & Goy, Gavin & Strobel, Felix, 2021. "A structural investigation of quantitative easing," Discussion Papers 01/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    12. van Riet Ad, 2019. "Monetary Policy and Unnatural Low Interest Rates: Secular Stagnation or Financial Repression?," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 70(2), pages 99-135, August.
    13. Jan Priewe, 2020. "Why 60 and 3 percent? European debt and deficit rules - critique and alternatives," IMK Studies 66-2020, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    14. policy, Work stream on macroprudential & Albertazzi, Ugo & Martin, Alberto & Assouan, Emmanuelle & Tristani, Oreste & Galati, Gabriele & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2021. "The role of financial stability considerations in monetary policy and the interaction with macroprudential policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 272, European Central Bank.
    15. Maurice Obstfeld, 2019. "Global Dimensions of U.S. Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 26039, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve's Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : a speech at the \"Fed Listens: Distributional Consequences of the Cycle and Monetary Policy\" Conference hosted by the Opportunity and Inclus," Speech 1054, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    17. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve’s Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : A speech at \"Fed Policy: A Shadow Review\" Cato Institute’s 37th Annual Monetary Conference, Washington, D.C., November 14, 2019," Speech 1104, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    18. Tomas Reichenbachas & Linas Jurkšas & Rokas Kaminskas, 2021. "Natural real rates of interest across Euro area countries: Are R-stars getting closer together?," Bank of Lithuania Discussion Paper Series 24, Bank of Lithuania.
    19. Lukasz Rachel & Lawrence H. Summers, 2019. "On Secular Stagnation in the Industrialized World," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 50(1 (Spring), pages 1-76.
    20. Lodge, David & Pérez, Javier J. & Albrizio, Silvia & Everett, Mary & De Bandt, Olivier & Georgiadis, Georgios & Ca' Zorzi, Michele & Lastauskas, Povilas & Carluccio, Juan & Parraga Rodriguez, Susana &, 2021. "The implications of globalisation for the ECB monetary policy strategy," Occasional Paper Series 263, European Central Bank.
    21. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve's Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices, a speech at \"The Bank of Finland Conference on Monetary Policy and Future of EMU [Economic and Monetary Union],\" Helsinki, Finland, July 1, ," Speech 1075, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    22. Maria Sole Pagliari, 2021. "Does one (unconventional) size fit all? Effects of the ECB's unconventional monetary policies on the euro area economies," Working papers 829, Banque de France.
    23. Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Notarpietro, Alessandro & Kilponen, Juha & Papadopoulou, Niki & Zimic, Srečko & Aldama, Pierre & Langenus, Geert & Alvarez, Luis Julian & Lemoine, Matthieu & Angelini, Elena, 2021. "Review of macroeconomic modelling in the Eurosystem: current practices and scope for improvement," Occasional Paper Series 267, European Central Bank.
    24. Drudi, Francesco & Moench, Emanuel & Holthausen, Cornelia & Weber, Pierre-François & Ferrucci, Gianluigi & Setzer, Ralph & Adao, Bernardino & Dées, Stéphane & Alogoskoufis, Spyros & Téllez, Mar Delgad, 2021. "Climate change and monetary policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 271, European Central Bank.
    25. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve’s Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : A speech at \"Fed Listens: A Capstone Roundtable\" hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, New York, May 20, 2019," Speech 1062, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    26. Enrique Martínez García, 2020. "Get the Lowdown: The International Side of the Fall in the U.S. Natural Rate of Interest," Globalization Institute Working Papers 403, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, revised 20 Feb 2021.
    27. van Wijnbergen, Sweder, 2018. "Real interest rates, exchange rates and the ZLB: on Secular Stagnation," CEPR Discussion Papers 12837, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    28. Fabio Busetti & Stefano Neri & Alessandro Notarpietro & Massimiliano Pisani, 2020. "Monetary policy strategies in the New Normal: a model-based analysis for the euro area," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1308, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    29. Thiago Revil T. Ferreira & Samer Shousha, 2021. "Supply of Sovereign Safe Assets and Global Interest Rates," International Finance Discussion Papers 1315, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    30. Serguei Kaniovski & Thomas Url & Helmut Hofer & Viola Garstenauer, 2021. "A Long-run Macroeconomic Model of the Austrian Economy (A-LMM 2.0). New Results (2021)," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 67377.

  10. Brand, Claus & Ferrante, Lorenzo & Hubert, Antoine, 2019. "From cash- to securities-driven euro area repo markets: the role of financial stress and safe asset scarcity," Working Paper Series 2232, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Bassi, Claudio & Behn, Markus & Grill, Michael & Waibel, Martin, 2024. "Window dressing of regulatory metrics: Evidence from repo markets," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    2. Hermes, Felix & Schmeling, Maik & Schrimpf, Andreas, 2025. "The international dimension of repo: five new facts," Working Paper Series 3065, European Central Bank.
    3. Jank, Stephan & Mönch, Emanuel & Schneider, Michael, 2021. "Safe asset shortage and collateral reuse," Discussion Papers 39/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    4. Giudice, Gabriele & de Manuel Aramendía, Mirzha & Kontolemis, Zenon & Monteiro, Daniel P., 2019. "A European safe asset to complement national government bonds," MPRA Paper 95748, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Eisenschmidt, Jens & Ma, Yiming & Zhang, Anthony Lee, 2024. "Monetary policy transmission in segmented markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    6. Corradin, Stefano & Eisenschmidt, Jens & Hoerova, Marie & Linzert, Tobias & Schepens, Glenn & Sigaux, Jean-David, 2020. "Money markets, central bank balance sheet and regulation," Working Paper Series 2483, European Central Bank.
    7. Andras Lengyel & Massimo Giuliodoril, 2020. "Demand shocks for public debt in the Eurozone," Working Papers 674, DNB.
    8. Angelo Ranaldo & Benedikt Ballensiefen & Hannah Winterberg, 2020. "Monetary policy disconnect," Working Papers on Finance 2003, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.
    9. Tischer, Johannes, 2021. "Quantitative easing, safe asset scarcity and bank lending," Discussion Papers 35/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    10. Bassi, Claudio & Grill, Michael & Mirza, Harun & O’Donnell, Charles & Wedow, Michael & Hermes, Felix, 2024. "Enhancing repo market transparency: the EU Securities Financing Transactions Regulation," Occasional Paper Series 342, European Central Bank.
    11. Baltzer, Markus & Schlepper, Kathi & Speck, Christian, 2022. "The Eurosystem's asset purchase programmes, securities lending and Bund specialness," Discussion Papers 39/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    12. Tobe, Reiko & Uno, Jun, 2024. "Central bank asset purchases and lending: Impact on search frictions," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    13. Abbassi, Puriya & Bianchi, Michele Leonardo & Della Gatta, Daniela & Gallo, Raffaele & Gohlke, Hanna & Krause, Daniel & Miglietta, Arianna & Moller, Luca & Orben, Jens & Panzarino, Onofrio & Ruzzi, Da, 2024. "The German and Italian government bond markets: The role of banks versus non-banks," Technical Papers 12/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    14. Bassi, Claudio & Behn, Markus & Grill, Michael & Waibel, Martin, 2023. "Window dressing of regulatory metrics: evidence from repo markets," Working Paper Series 2771, European Central Bank.
    15. Cristina Di Luigi & Antonio Perrella & Alessio Ruggieri, 2024. "The fundamental role of the repo market and central clearing," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems) 48, Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System.
    16. Tischer, Johannes, 2022. "Quantitative Easing, Safe Asset Scarcity and Bank Lending," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264035, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    17. Grasso, Adriana & Poinelli, Andrea, 2025. "Flexible asset purchases and repo market functioning," Working Paper Series 3013, European Central Bank.
    18. Patrick Schaffner & Angelo Ranaldo & Kostas Tsatsaronis, 2019. "Euro repo market functioning: collateral is king," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    19. Valerio Della Corte & Stefano Federico, 2019. "Two tales of foreign investor outflows: Italy in 2011-2012 and 2018," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 535, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    20. Martijn Boermans, 2022. "A literature review of securities holdings statistics research and a practitioner’s guide," Working Papers 757, DNB.

  11. Brand, Claus & Bielecki, Marcin & Penalver, Adrian, 2018. "The natural rate of interest: estimates, drivers, and challenges to monetary policy JEL Classification: E52, E43," Occasional Paper Series 217, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Beyer, Robert & Milivojevic, Lazar, 2021. "Dynamics and synchronization of global equilibrium interest rates," IMFS Working Paper Series 146, Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS).
    2. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve's Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : a speech the 2019 U.S. Monetary Policy Forum, sponsored by the Initiative on Global Markets at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, New ," Speech 1038, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Coenen, Günter & Montes-Galdón, Carlos & Schmidt, Sebastian, 2021. "Macroeconomic stabilisation and monetary policy effectiveness in a low-interest-rate environment," CFS Working Paper Series 656, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    4. Cour-Thimann, Philippine & Jung, Alexander, 2020. "Interest rate setting and communication at the ECB," Working Paper Series 2443, European Central Bank.
    5. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve’s Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : A speech at \"New England Perspectives on Fed Policymaking: A 'Fed Listens' Conference\" hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston," Speech 1063, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    6. Pagliari, Maria Sole, 2024. "Does one (unconventional) size fit all? Effects of the ECB’s unconventional monetary policies on the euro area economies," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    7. Bańkowski, Krzysztof & Christoffel, Kai & Faria, Thomas, 2021. "Assessing the fiscal-monetary policy mix in the euro area," Working Paper Series 2623, European Central Bank.
    8. Brand, Claus & Mazelis, Falk, 2019. "Taylor-rule consistent estimates of the natural rate of interest," Working Paper Series 2257, European Central Bank.
    9. Gerke, Rafael & Kienzler, Daniel & Scheer, Alexander, 2022. "On the macroeconomic effects of reinvestments in asset purchase programmes," Discussion Papers 47/2022, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    10. Magnus Reif, 2020. "Macroeconomics, Nonlinearities, and the Business Cycle," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 87.
    11. Maciej Stefański, 2023. "Natural Rate of Interest in a Small Open Economy with Application to CEE Countries," KAE Working Papers 2023-093, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis.
    12. Guido Bulligan & Francesco Corsello & Stefano Neri & Alex Tagliabracci, 2021. "De-anchored long-term inflation expectations in a low growth, low rate environment," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 624, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    13. Kai Arvai, 2021. "The Political Economy of Currency Unions," Working papers 850, Banque de France.
    14. Böhl, Gregor & Goy, Gavin & Strobel, Felix, 2020. "A structural investigation of quantitative easing," IMFS Working Paper Series 142, Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS).
    15. Cecion, Martina & Coenen, Günter & Gerke, Rafael & Le Bihan, Hervé & Motto, Roberto & Aguilar, Pablo & Ajevskis, Viktors & Giesen, Sebastian & Albertazzi, Ugo & Gilbert, Niels & Al-Haschimi, Alexander, 2021. "The ECB’s price stability framework: past experience, and current and future challenges," Occasional Paper Series 269, European Central Bank.
    16. Pierpaolo Benigno & Paolo Canofari & Giovanni Di Bartolomeo & Marcello Messori, 2021. "The implementation and the rationale of the new inflation target of the ECB," Working Papers in Public Economics 205, Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Rome.
    17. Debrun, Xavier & Masuch, Klaus & Ferrero, Guiseppe & Vansteenkiste, Isabel & Ferdinandusse, Marien & von Thadden, Leopold & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Alloza, Mario & Derouen, Chloé & Bańkowski, Krzyszto, 2021. "Monetary-fiscal policy interactions in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 273, European Central Bank.
    18. Günter Coenen & Carlos Montes‐Galdón & Frank Smets, 2023. "Effects of State‐Dependent Forward Guidance, Large‐Scale Asset Purchases, and Fiscal Stimulus in a Low‐Interest‐Rate Environment," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 55(4), pages 825-858, June.
    19. Pikhart Zdeněk & Froňková Pavla, 2019. "Estimating Natural Rate of Interest and Equilibrium Exchange Rate: A Case of the Czech Republic," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, vol. 19(4), pages 231-248, December.
    20. Susana Párraga & Pedro del Río & Juan Luis Vega, 2019. "The Federal Reserve review of its monetary policy framework," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue DEC.
    21. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "Sustaining Maximum Employment and Price Stability : a speech at the Economic Club of New York, New York, New York, May 30, 2019," Speech 1067, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    22. Philippe Andrade & Jordi Gali & Hervé Le Bihan & Julien Matheron, 2019. "The Optimal Inflation Target and the Natural Rate of Interest," Working Papers 19-18, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    23. Martina Cecioni & Adriana Grasso & Alessandro Notarpietro & Massimiliano Pisani, 2021. "Revisiting monetary policy objectives and strategies: international experience and challenges from the ELB," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 660, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    24. Robert L. Czudaj, 2019. "Is the negative interest rate policy effective?," Chemnitz Economic Papers 034, Department of Economics, Chemnitz University of Technology, revised Dec 2019.
    25. Jerome H. Powell, 2019. "Monetary Policy: Normalization and the Road Ahead : a speech at the 2019 SIEPR Economic Summit, Stanford Institute of Economic Policy Research, Stanford, California, March 8, 2019," Speech 1044, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    26. Papetti, Andrea, 2021. "Demographics and the natural real interest Rate: historical and projected paths for the euro area," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    27. Benigno, Pierpaolo & Canofari, Paolo & Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni & Messori, Marcello, 2023. "The ECB’s new inflation target from a short- and long-term perspective," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 286-304.
    28. van Riet Ad, 2019. "Monetary Policy and Unnatural Low Interest Rates: Secular Stagnation or Financial Repression?," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 70(2), pages 99-135, August.
    29. Juselius, Mikael, 2025. "Navigating the sea of natural real interest rate estimates," BoF Economics Review 3/2025, Bank of Finland.
    30. Jan Priewe, 2020. "Why 60 and 3 percent? European debt and deficit rules - critique and alternatives," IMK Studies 66-2020, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    31. Ansgar Rannenberg & Thomas Theobald, 2022. "Income inequality and the German export surplus," Working Paper Research 424, National Bank of Belgium.
    32. Yudai Hatayama & Yuto Iwasaki & Kyoko Nakagami & Tatsuyoshi Okimoto, 2024. "Globalization and Its Growing Impact on the Natural Rates of Interest in Developed Economies," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 24-E-13, Bank of Japan.
    33. Brand, Claus & Goy, Gavin & Lemke, Wolfgang, 2021. "Natural rate chimera and bond pricing reality," Working Paper Series 2612, European Central Bank.
    34. Hongjin Li & Naifang Su, 2020. "Financial Factors, Openness and the Natural Interest Rate in China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 28(4), pages 76-100, July.
    35. Spahn, Peter, 2019. "Keynesian capital theory: Declining interest rates and persisting profits," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 10-2019, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
    36. policy, Work stream on macroprudential & Albertazzi, Ugo & Martin, Alberto & Assouan, Emmanuelle & Tristani, Oreste & Galati, Gabriele & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2021. "The role of financial stability considerations in monetary policy and the interaction with macroprudential policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 272, European Central Bank.
    37. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve's Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : a speech at the \"Fed Listens: Distributional Consequences of the Cycle and Monetary Policy\" Conference hosted by the Opportunity and Inclus," Speech 1054, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    38. Koester, Gerrit & Lis, Eliza & Nickel, Christiane & Osbat, Chiara & Smets, Frank, 2021. "Understanding low inflation in the euro area from 2013 to 2019: cyclical and structural drivers," Occasional Paper Series 280, European Central Bank.
    39. Alexandre Carvalho, 2023. "The euro area natural interest rate – Estimation and importance for monetary policy," Economic Bulletin and Financial Stability Report Articles and Banco de Portugal Economic Studies, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    40. Busetti, Fabio & Neri, Stefano & Notarpietro, Alessandro & Pisani, Massimiliano, 2021. "Monetary policy strategies in the New Normal: A model-based analysis for the euro area," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    41. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve’s Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : A speech at \"Fed Policy: A Shadow Review\" Cato Institute’s 37th Annual Monetary Conference, Washington, D.C., November 14, 2019," Speech 1104, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    42. Anthony J Evans, 2020. "The natural rate of interest: An estimate for the United Kingdom," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1), pages 24-35, February.
    43. Michele Catalano & Emilia Pezzolla, 2022. "Global natural projections," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 49(4), pages 949-990, November.
    44. Tomas Reichenbachas & Linas Jurkšas & Rokas Kaminskas, 2021. "Natural real rates of interest across Euro area countries: Are R-stars getting closer together?," Bank of Lithuania Discussion Paper Series 24, Bank of Lithuania.
    45. Lukasz Rachel & Lawrence H. Summers, 2019. "On Secular Stagnation in the Industrialized World," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 50(1 (Spring), pages 1-76.
    46. Lodge, David & Pérez, Javier J. & Albrizio, Silvia & Everett, Mary & De Bandt, Olivier & Georgiadis, Georgios & Ca' Zorzi, Michele & Lastauskas, Povilas & Carluccio, Juan & Parraga Rodriguez, Susana &, 2021. "The implications of globalisation for the ECB monetary policy strategy," Occasional Paper Series 263, European Central Bank.
    47. van Riet Ad, 2019. "Twenty Years of European Central Bank Monetary Policy: A Keynesian and Austrian Perspective," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 239(5-6), pages 797-840, October.
    48. Gerke, Rafael & Kienzler, Daniel & Scheer, Alexander, 2021. "Unconventional monetary policies at the effective lower bound," Technical Papers 03/2021, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    49. Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens & Fiedler, Salomon & Gern, Klaus-Jürgen & Groll, Dominik & Jannsen, Nils & Kooths, Stefan, 2021. "Vermögenspreise, Zinseffekte und die Robustheit der öffentlichen Finanzen in Deutschland - eine Szenario-Analyse," Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik 36, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    50. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve's Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices, a speech at \"The Bank of Finland Conference on Monetary Policy and Future of EMU [Economic and Monetary Union],\" Helsinki, Finland, July 1, ," Speech 1075, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    51. Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Notarpietro, Alessandro & Kilponen, Juha & Papadopoulou, Niki & Zimic, Srečko & Aldama, Pierre & Langenus, Geert & Alvarez, Luis Julian & Lemoine, Matthieu & Angelini, Elena, 2021. "Review of macroeconomic modelling in the Eurosystem: current practices and scope for improvement," Occasional Paper Series 267, European Central Bank.
    52. Drudi, Francesco & Moench, Emanuel & Holthausen, Cornelia & Weber, Pierre-François & Ferrucci, Gianluigi & Setzer, Ralph & Adao, Bernardino & Dées, Stéphane & Alogoskoufis, Spyros & Téllez, Mar Delgad, 2021. "Climate change and monetary policy in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 271, European Central Bank.
    53. Eleni Argiri & Ifigeneia Skotida, 2021. "The 2021 review of the monetary policy strategy of the Eurosystem: an economy of forces," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 54, pages 23-57, December.
    54. Marcin Bielecki & Michał Brzoza-Brzezina & Aneta Błażejowska & Kamila Kuziemska-Pawlak & Grzegorz Szafrański, 2024. "Estimates and Projections of the Natural Rate of Interest for Poland and the Euro Area," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 1-32.
    55. Andrey Sinyakov & Alexey Porshakov, 2019. "Estimates of the Natural Rate of Interest for Russia: Is 'Navigating by the Stars' Useful?," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, vol. 78(4), pages 3-47, December.
    56. Frank Smets, 2021. "Comment expliquer la faiblesse durable des taux directeurs dans la zone euro ?," Revue d'économie financière, Association d'économie financière, vol. 0(4), pages 47-60.
    57. Sepp, Tim Florian & Israel, Karl-Friedrich & Treitz, Benjamin & Hartl, Tom, 2024. "Monetary policy and bank-type resilience in Germany from 1999 to 2022," Working Papers 181, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Economics and Management Science.
    58. Thiago Revil T. Ferreira & Samer Shousha, 2020. "Scarcity of Safe Assets and Global Neutral Interest Rates," International Finance Discussion Papers 1293, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    59. Richard H. Clarida, 2019. "The Federal Reserve’s Review of Its Monetary Policy Strategy, Tools, and Communication Practices : A speech at \"Fed Listens: A Capstone Roundtable\" hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, New York, May 20, 2019," Speech 1062, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    60. Inês da Cunha Cabral & Pedro Pires Ribeiro & João Nicolau, 2022. "Changes in inflation compensation and oil prices: short-term and long-term dynamics," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 581-603, February.
    61. Checherita-Westphal, Cristina & Domingues Semeano, João, 2020. "Interest rate-growth differentials on government debt: an empirical investigation for the euro area," Working Paper Series 2486, European Central Bank.
    62. Osoro, Jared & Talam, Camilla, 2025. "Monetary policy at the turn of financial markets: A forerunner or follower?," KBA Centre for Research on Financial Markets and Policy Working Paper Series 89, Kenya Bankers Association (KBA).
    63. Arvai, Kai & Gabriel, Ricardo Duque, 2025. "Gains from commitment: The case for pegging the exchange rate," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    64. Enrique Martínez García, 2020. "Get the Lowdown: The International Side of the Fall in the U.S. Natural Rate of Interest," Globalization Institute Working Papers 403, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, revised 20 Feb 2021.
    65. Suh, Jeong Eui, 2025. "An interest rate rule following the natural rate of interest for optimal monetary policy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    66. Bank for International Settlements, 2019. "Unconventional monetary policy tools: a cross-country analysis," CGFS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 63.
    67. Obstfeld, Maurice, 2019. "Global Dimensions of U.S. Monetary Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 13887, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    68. Jair Ojeda-Joya, 2022. "A Counterfactual Analysis of the Effects of Climate Change on the Natural Interest Rate," IHEID Working Papers 10-2022, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    69. Dilian Vassilev, 2021. "A Model of Natural Interest Rate: The Case of Bulgaria," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 7, pages 46-72.
    70. Holm-Hadulla, Fédéric & Musso, Alberto & Rodriguez-Palenzuela, Diego & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2021. "Evolution of the ECB’s analytical framework," Occasional Paper Series 277, European Central Bank.
    71. van Wijnbergen, Sweder, 2018. "Real interest rates, exchange rates and the ZLB: on Secular Stagnation," CEPR Discussion Papers 12837, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    72. Thiago Revil T. Ferreira & Samer Shousha, 2021. "Supply of Sovereign Safe Assets and Global Interest Rates," International Finance Discussion Papers 1315, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    73. Angeloni, Ignazio, 2024. "Assessing the ECB's monetary policy stance by comparing tightening cycles," SAFE White Paper Series 108, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    74. Serguei Kaniovski & Thomas Url & Helmut Hofer & Viola Garstenauer, 2021. "A Long-run Macroeconomic Model of the Austrian Economy (A-LMM 2.0). New Results (2021)," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 67377.
    75. Ha, Jongrim & Kose, Ayhan M. & Ohnsorge, Franziska, 2022. "Global Stagflation," MPRA Paper 113306, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    76. Veronika Grimm & Lukas Nöh & Volker Wieland, 2023. "Government bond rates and interest expenditure of large euro area member states: A scenario analysis," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 286-303, December.

  12. Brand, Claus & Turunen, Jarkko & Buncic, Daniel, 2006. "The impact of ECB monetary policy decisions and communication on the yield curve," Working Paper Series 657, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Rosa, Carlo & Verga, Giovanni, 2006. "The impact of central bank announcements on asset prices in real time: testing the efficiency of the Euribor futures market," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 19777, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
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    3. Sui-Jade Ho & Özer Karagedikli, 2021. "Effects of Monetary Policy Communication in Emerging Market Economies: Evidence from Malaysia," Working Papers wp44, South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre.
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  13. Claus Brand & Hans-Eggert Reimers & Franz Seitz, 2003. "Narrow Money and the Business Cycle: Theoretical aspects and euro area evdence," Macroeconomics 0303012, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    Cited by:

    1. Franz Seitz & Markus A. Schmidt, 2014. "Money In Modern Macro Models: A Review of the Arguments," Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, Lifescience Global, vol. 3, pages 156-174.
    2. Christian Bordes & Laurent Clerc, 2007. "Price Stability And The Ecb'S Monetary Policy Strategy," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(2), pages 268-326, April.
    3. Albuquerque, Bruno & Baumann, Ursel & Seitz, Franz, 2016. "What does money and credit tell us about real activity in the United States?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 328-347.
    4. Gustav Horn, 2003. "Five years of the ECB - a mixed experience," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 9(4), pages 633-645, November.

  14. Brand, Claus & Reimers, Hans-Eggert & Seitz, Franz, 2003. "Forecasting real GDP: what role for narrow money?," Working Paper Series 254, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Michael Berlemann & Gerit Vogt, 2007. "Kurzfristige Wachstumseffekte von Naturkatastrophen," ifo Working Paper Series 52, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    2. Jens Boysen-Hogrefe, 2012. "A note on predicting recessions in the euro area using real M1," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 32(2), pages 1291-1301.
    3. Daniel Grenouilleau, 2004. "A sorted leading indicators dynamic (SLID) factor model for short-run euro-area GDP forecasting," European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015 219, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    4. Gerdesmeier, Dieter & Reimers, Hans-Eggert & Roffia, Barbara, 2023. "Investigating the inflation-output-nexus for the euro area: Old questions and new results," Wismar Discussion Papers 01/2023, Hochschule Wismar, Wismar Business School.
    5. Jens Richard Clausen & Carsten-Patrick Meier, 2005. "Did the Bundesbank Follow a Taylor Rule? An Analysis Based on Real-Time Data," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 141(II), pages 213-246, June.
    6. Drechsel, Katja & Scheufele, Rolf, 2010. "Should We Trust in Leading Indicators? Evidence from the Recent Recession," IWH Discussion Papers 10/2010, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    7. Jens Boysen‐Hogrefe, 2015. "Monetary Aggregates to Improve Early Output Gap Estimates in the Euro Area: An Empirical Assessment," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(7), pages 533-542, November.
    8. Guillochon, Justine & Le Roux, Julien, 2023. "Unobserved components model(s): output gaps and financial cycles," Working Paper Series 2832, European Central Bank.
    9. Drechsel, Katja & Scheufele, Rolf, 2012. "The performance of short-term forecasts of the German economy before and during the 2008/2009 recession," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 428-445.
    10. Döpke, Jörg & Fritsche, Ulrich & Pierdzioch, Christian, 2017. "Predicting recessions with boosted regression trees," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 745-759.
    11. Hans-Eggert Reimers & Dieter Gerdesmeier & Barbara Roffia, 2023. "Investigating the Inflation–Output Nexus for the Euro Area: Old Questions and New Results," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, October.
    12. Jones, Barry E. & Stracca, Livio, 2006. "Are money and consumption additively separable in the euro area? A non-parametric approach," Working Paper Series 704, European Central Bank.
    13. Heimonen, Kari, 2010. "Money and equity returns in the Euro area," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 152-169.
    14. Mr. Helge Berger & Mr. Thomas Harjes & Mr. Emil Stavrev, 2008. "The ECB’s Monetary Analysis Revisited," IMF Working Papers 2008/171, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Chris Bloor & Chris Hunt & Tim Ng & Hamish Pepper, 2008. "The use of money and credit measures in contemporary monetary policy," Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, vol. 71, March.
    16. Gerling, Kerstin & Grüner, Hans Peter & Kiel, Alexandra & Schulte, Elisabeth, 2003. "Information acquisition and decision making in committees: a survey," Working Paper Series 256, European Central Bank.
    17. Rostagno, Massimo & Altavilla, Carlo & Carboni, Giacomo & Lemke, Wolfgang & Motto, Roberto & Saint Guilhem, Arthur & Yiangou, Jonathan, 2019. "A tale of two decades: the ECB’s monetary policy at 20," Working Paper Series 2346, European Central Bank.

  15. Brand, Claus & Gerdesmeier, Dieter & Roffia, Barbara, 2002. "Estimating the trend of M3 income velocity underlying the reference value for monetary growth," Occasional Paper Series 3, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Otmar Issing, 2002. "Central bank perspectives on stabilization policy," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, vol. 87(Q IV), pages 15-36.
    2. Vesala, Jukka & Poloni, Paolo & Mörttinen, Leena & Sandars, Patrick, 2005. "Analysing banking sector conditions - How to use macro-prudential indicators," Occasional Paper Series 26, European Central Bank.
    3. Ansgar Belke & Robert Czudaj, 2010. "Is Euro Area Money Demand (Still) Stable?: Cointegrated VAR versus Single Equation Techniques," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 982, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    4. Anderton, Robert & di Mauro, Filippo & Moneta, Fabio, 2004. "Understanding the impact of the external dimension on the euro area: trade, capital flows and other international macroeconomic linkages," Occasional Paper Series 12, European Central Bank.
    5. Hartmann, Philipp & Papaioannou, Elias & Lo Duca, Marco & Heider, Florian, 2007. "The role of financial markets and innovation in productivity and growth in Europe," Occasional Paper Series 72, European Central Bank.
    6. Jung, Alexander, 2017. "Forecasting broad money velocity," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 421-432.
    7. Winkler, Adalbert & Geis, André & Böwer, Uwe, 2007. "Commodity price fluctuations and their impact on monetary and fiscal policies in Western and Central Africa," Occasional Paper Series 60, European Central Bank.
    8. Dierick, Frank, 2004. "The supervision of mixed financial services groups in Europe," Occasional Paper Series 20, European Central Bank.
    9. Sánchez Muñoz, Carlos & Israël, Jean-Marc, 2007. "Towards harmonised balance of payments and international investment position statistics - the experience of the European compilers," Occasional Paper Series 67, European Central Bank.
    10. Kai Carstensen & Jan Hagen & Oliver Hossfeld & Abelardo Salazar Neaves, 2009. "Money Demand Stability And Inflation Prediction In The Four Largest Emu Countries," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 56(1), pages 73-93, February.
    11. Russo, Daniela & Hart, Terry L. & Malaguti, Maria Chiara & Papathanassiou, Chryssa, 2004. "Governance of securities clearing and settlement systems," Occasional Paper Series 21, European Central Bank.
    12. Gerdesmeier, Dieter & Roffia, Barbara, 2004. "Taylor rules for the euro area: the issue of real-time data," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2004,37, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    13. Russo, Daniela & Caviglia, Giacomo & Papathanassiou, Chryssa & Rosati, Simonetta, 2007. "Prudential and oversight requirements for securities settlement," Occasional Paper Series 76, European Central Bank.
    14. Maddaloni, Angela & Pain, Darren, 2004. "Corporate "excesses" and financial market dynamics," Occasional Paper Series 17, European Central Bank.
    15. González, Fernando & Haas, François & Johannes, Ronald & Persson, Mattias & Toledo, Liliana & Violi, Roberto & Wieland, Martin & Zins, Carmen, 2004. "Market dynamics associated with credit ratings: a literature review," Occasional Paper Series 16, European Central Bank.
    16. Martin, Reiner & Roma, Moreno & Vansteenkiste, Isabel, 2005. "Regulatory reforms in selected EU network industries," Occasional Paper Series 28, European Central Bank.
    17. Gerdesmeier Dieter & Roffia Barbara & Reimers Hans-Eggert, 2020. "Unravelling the Secrets of Inflation in the Euro Area – A Frequency Decomposition Approach," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 20(1), pages 133-162, June.
    18. Gerlach, Stefan, 2003. "The ECB's Two Pillars," CEPR Discussion Papers 3689, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    19. Ms. Sònia Muñoz, 2006. "Suppressed Inflation and Money Demand in Zimbabwe," IMF Working Papers 2006/015, International Monetary Fund.
    20. Benalal, Nicholai & Diaz del Hoyo, Juan Luis & Pierluigi, Beatrice & Vidalis, Nick, 2006. "Output growth differentials across the euro area countries: some stylised facts," Occasional Paper Series 45, European Central Bank.
    21. Kenny, Geoff & Genre, Véronique & Bowles, Carlos & Friz, Roberta & Meyler, Aidan & Rautanen, Tuomas, 2007. "The ECB survey of professional forecasters (SPF) - A review after eight years' experience," Occasional Paper Series 59, European Central Bank.
    22. Wolswijk, Guido & de Haan, Jakob, 2005. "Government debt management in the euro area - recent theoretical developments and changes in practices," Occasional Paper Series 25, European Central Bank.
    23. Garcí­a, Juan Angel, 2003. "An introduction to the ECB's survey of professional forecasters," Occasional Paper Series 8, European Central Bank.
    24. Stiegert, Roger & Leiner-Killinger, Nadine & López Pérez, Víctor & Vitale, Giovanni, 2007. "Structural reforms in EMU and the role of monetary policy: a survey of the literature," Occasional Paper Series 66, European Central Bank.
    25. de Beaufort Wijnholds, Johannes Onno & Søndergaard, Lars, 2007. "Reserve accumulation: objective or by-product?," Occasional Paper Series 73, European Central Bank.
    26. Bindseil, Ulrich & Papadia, Francesco, 2006. "Credit risk mitigation in central bank operations and its effects on financial markets: the case of the Eurosystem," Occasional Paper Series 49, European Central Bank.
    27. Karl Whelan & Filippo Altissimo & Evaggelia Georgiou & Teresa Sastre & Maria Teresa Valderrama & Gabriel Sterne & Marc Stocker & Mark Weth & Alpo Willman, 2005. "Wealth and asset price effects on economic activity," Open Access publications 10197/210, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    28. Mr. Zenon Kontolemis, 2002. "Money Demand in the Euro Area: Where Do We Stand (Today)?," IMF Working Papers 2002/185, International Monetary Fund.
    29. Christian Dreger & Dieter Gerdesmeier & Barbara Roffia, 2016. "Re-vitalizing Money Demand in the Euro Area: Still Valid at the Zero Lower Bound," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1606, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    30. Winkler, Adalbert & Mazzaferro, Francesco & Nerlich, Carolin & Thimann, Christian, 2004. "Official dollarisation/euroisation: motives, features and policy implications of current cases," Occasional Paper Series 11, European Central Bank.
    31. Enderlein, Henrik & Lindner, Johannes & Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar & Ritter, Raymond, 2005. "The EU budget - how much scope for institutional reform?," Occasional Paper Series 27, European Central Bank.
    32. Dierick, Frank & Pires, Fatima & Scheicher, Martin & Spitzer, Kai Gereon, 2005. "The New Basel Capital Framework and its implementation in the European Union," Occasional Paper Series 42, European Central Bank.
    33. Westermann, Thomas & Ward-Warmedinger, Melanie & Rother, Philipp & Musso, Alberto & Maddaloni, Angela, 2006. "Macroeconomic implications of demographic developments in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 51, European Central Bank.
    34. Paolo PAESANI, 2003. "Will the Monetary Pillar Stay? A Few Lessons from the UK," Economics Working Papers ECO2003/10, European University Institute.
    35. Thimann, Christian & Drage, John & Nikitin, Minna & Just, Christian & Pauli, Rolf & Committeri, Marco & Weber, Pierre-François & Fernández de Lis, Santiago & von Stenglin, Stephan & Hollensen, Ole & B, 2005. "Managing financial crises in emerging market economies - experience with the involvement of private sector creditors," Occasional Paper Series 32, European Central Bank.
    36. Roma, Moreno & Janger, Jürgen & Gerritsen, Mathijs & Schivardi, Fabiano & O'Brien, Derry & Chauvin, Valérie & Lopez-Garcia, Paloma & Yusupová, Elena & Amador, João & Walch, Erik & van Riet, Ad & Nicol, 2006. "Competition, productivity and prices in the euro area services sector," Occasional Paper Series 44, European Central Bank.
    37. Beck, Roland & Kamps, Annette & Mileva, Elitza, 2007. "Long-term growth prospects for the Russian economy," Occasional Paper Series 58, European Central Bank.
    38. Gerdesmeier, Dieter & Roffia, Barbara, 2004. "The relevance of real-time data in estimating reaction functions for the Euro area," Frankfurt School - Working Paper Series 56, Frankfurt School of Finance and Management.
    39. Thimann, Christian & Mazzaferro, Francesco & Mehl, Arnaud & Sturm, Michael & Winkler, Adalbert, 2002. "Economic relations with regions neighbouring the euro area in the "euro time zone"," Occasional Paper Series 7, European Central Bank.
    40. Backé, Peter & Thimann, Christian & Arratibel, Olga & Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar & Mehl, Arnaud & Nerlich, Carolin, 2004. "The acceding countries’ strategies towards ERM II and the adoption of the euro: an analytical review," Occasional Paper Series 10, European Central Bank.
    41. D.M. Nachane & Nishita Raje, 2007. "Financial Liberalisation and Monetary Policy," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 1(1), pages 47-83, March.
    42. Genre, Véronique & Gómez-Salvador, Ramón, 2002. "Labour force developments in the euro area since the 1980s," Occasional Paper Series 4, European Central Bank.
    43. González, Fernando & Coppens, François & Winkler, Gerhard, 2007. "The performance of credit rating systems in the assessment of collateral used in Eurosystem monetary policy operations," Occasional Paper Series 65, European Central Bank.
    44. Bruggeman, Annick & Donati, Paola & Warne, Anders, 2003. "Is the demand for euro area M3 stable?," Working Paper Series 255, European Central Bank.
    45. Dorrucci, Ettore & Gavilá, Sergio & Kreye, Antje & Rautava, Jouko & Balcao Reis, Teresa & Ghirga, Maurizio & Levy-Rueff, Guy & González-Mota, Emiliano & Leichtlein, Gudrun & Lagerblom, Angelika & Come, 2006. "The accumulation of foreign reserves," Occasional Paper Series 43, European Central Bank.
    46. Giammarioli, Nicola & Nickel, Christiane & Rother, Philipp & Vidal, Jean-Pierre, 2007. "Assessing fiscal soundness: theory and practice," Occasional Paper Series 56, European Central Bank.
    47. Sturm, Michael & Gurtner, François, 2007. "Fiscal policy in Mediterranean countries: developments, structures and implications for monetary policy," Occasional Paper Series 69, European Central Bank.
    48. Van Rixtel, Adrian & Garcí­a, Juan Angel, 2007. "Inflation-linked bonds from a Central Bank perspective," Occasional Paper Series 62, European Central Bank.
    49. Dieter Gerdesmeier & Barbara Roffia, 2004. "Empirical Estimates of Reaction Functions for the Euro Area," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 140(I), pages 37-66, March.
    50. Kenny, Geoff & Ahnert, Henning, 2004. "Quality adjustment of European price statistics and the role for hedonics," Occasional Paper Series 15, European Central Bank.
    51. Shijaku, Gerti, 2016. "The role of money as an important pillar for monetary policy: the case of Albania," MPRA Paper 79088, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    52. Schönenberger, Andreas & Schmiedel, Heiko, 2005. "Integration of securities market infrastructure in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 33, European Central Bank.
    53. Dieter Nautz & Karsten Ruth, 2008. "Monetary disequilibria and the euro/dollar exchange rate," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(8), pages 701-716.
    54. Otmar Issing, 2002. "Monetary policy in a changing economic environment," Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, pages 183-205.
    55. Mike Artis & Andreas Beyer, 2004. "Issues in Money Demand: The Case of Europe," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(4), pages 717-736, November.
    56. Schuknecht, Ludger & Morris, Richard & Ongena, Hedwig, 2006. "The reform and implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact," Occasional Paper Series 47, European Central Bank.
    57. Winkler, Adalbert & Geisler, Klaus-Dieter & del Río, Pedro & Pouvelle, Cyril & Golden, Brian & Vasjukova, Marina & Szalai, Zoltán & Dijkman, Miquel & Gǎlǎţescu, Anca Adriana & Noč, Matjaž & de-Alessi,, 2006. "Macroeconomic and financial stability challenges for acceding and candidate countries," Occasional Paper Series 48, European Central Bank.
    58. Heimonen, Kari, 2010. "Money and equity returns in the Euro area," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 152-169.
    59. Orlandi, Fabrice & Barontini, Christian & Cassidy, Mark & Trento, Sandro & Walch, Erik & Buitenkamp, Bouke & Wagner, Karin & Reis, Hugo & Herrala, Risto & Sethi, Faisel & Gordo Mora, Esther & Bardakas, 2004. "Sectoral specialisation in the EU: a macroeconomic perspective," Occasional Paper Series 19, European Central Bank.
    60. di Mauro, Filippo & Baumann, Ursel, 2007. "Globalisation and euro area trade - interactions and challenges," Occasional Paper Series 55, European Central Bank.
    61. Baele, Lieven & Ferrando, Annalisa & Hördahl, Peter & Krylova, Elizaveta & Monnet, Cyril, 2004. "Measuring financial integration in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 14, European Central Bank.
    62. Carstensen, Kai, 2004. "Is European Money Demand Still Stable?," Kiel Working Papers 1179, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    63. Michael Graff, 2008. "The Quantity Theory of Money in Historical Perspective," KOF Working papers 08-196, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich.
    64. Dario Cziráky & Max Gillman, 2006. "Money Demand in an EU Accession Country: A VECM Study of Croatia," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(2), pages 105-127, April.
    65. Vesala, Jukka & Cabral, Inês & Dierick, Frank, 2002. "Banking integration in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 6, European Central Bank.
    66. Picón Aguilar, Carmen & Damia, Violetta, 2006. "Quantitative quality indicators for statistics: an application to euro area balance of payment," Occasional Paper Series 54, European Central Bank.
    67. Stefan Gerlach, 2004. "The two pillars of the European Central Bank [‘The demand for M3 in the euro area’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 19(40), pages 390-439.
    68. Turunen, Jarkko & Musso, Alberto & Stocker, Marc & Gómez-Salvador, Ramón, 2006. "Labour productivity developments in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 53, European Central Bank.
    69. Beyer, Andreas, 2009. "A Stable Model for Euro Area Money Demand: Revisiting the Role of Wealth," Working Paper Series 1111, European Central Bank.
    70. Helmut Herwartz & Hans‐Eggert Reimers, 2006. "Long‐Run Links among Money, Prices and Output: Worldwide Evidence," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 7(1), pages 65-86, February.
    71. Arratibel, Olga & Heinz, Frigyes Ferdinand & Martin, Reiner & Przybyla, Marcin & Rawdanowicz, Lukasz & Serafini, Roberta & Zumer, Tina, 2007. "Determinants of growth in the central and eastern European EU member states - a production function approach," Occasional Paper Series 61, European Central Bank.
    72. Marattin, Luigi & Marzo, Massimiliano & Zagaglia, Paolo, 2011. "A welfare perspective on the fiscal–monetary policy mix: The role of alternative fiscal instruments," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 920-952.
    73. Sturm, Michael & Siegfried, Nikolaus, 2005. "Regional monetary integration in the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council," Occasional Paper Series 31, European Central Bank.
    74. Schmiedel, Heiko, 2007. "The economic impact of the Single Euro Payments Area," Occasional Paper Series 71, European Central Bank.
    75. Russo, Daniela & Rosati, Simonetta & Chan, Diana & Fontan, Florence, 2007. "The securities custody industry," Occasional Paper Series 68, European Central Bank.
    76. Mehl, Arnaud & Geis, André & Wredenborg, Stefan, 2004. "The international role of the euro: evidence from bonds issued by non-euro area residents," Occasional Paper Series 18, European Central Bank.
    77. Giacomo Sbrana, 2008. "On the use of area-wide models in the Euro-zone," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 17(4), pages 499-518, October.
    78. Ehrmann, Michael & Smets, Frank & Altissimo, Filippo, 2006. "Inflation persistence and price-setting behaviour in the euro area: a summary of the IPN evidence," Occasional Paper Series 46, European Central Bank.
    79. Annenkov, Anatoli & Madaschi, Christophe, 2005. "Labour productivity in the Nordic EU countries: a comparative overview and explanatory factors 1980-2004," Occasional Paper Series 39, European Central Bank.
    80. Brand, Claus & Reimers, Hans-Eggert & Seitz, Franz, 2003. "Forecasting real GDP: what role for narrow money?," Working Paper Series 254, European Central Bank.
    81. Thimann, Christian & Skala, Martin & Wölfinger, Regine, 2007. "The search for Columbus' egg: finding a new formula to determine quotas at the IMF," Occasional Paper Series 70, European Central Bank.
    82. Calza, Alessandro & Sousa, João & Manrique, Marta, 2003. "Aggregate loans to the euro area private sector," Working Paper Series 202, European Central Bank.
    83. Mongelli, Francesco Paolo & Dorrucci, Ettore & Agur, Itai, 2005. "What does European institutional integration tell us about trade integration?," Occasional Paper Series 40, European Central Bank.
    84. Susana Martín Belmonte & Jordi Puig & Mercè Roca & Marta Segura, 2021. "Crisis Mitigation through Cash Assistance to Increase Local Consumption Levels—A Case Study of a Bimonetary System in Barcelona, Spain," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, September.
    85. Bindseil, Ulrich & Sotamaa, Kai & Amado, Ricardo & Honings, Noëlle & Chiappa, Gigliola & Boux, Bérénice & Föttinger, Wolfgang & Ledoyen, Pierre & Schwartzlose, Henrik & van der Hoorn, Han & Monar, Fer, 2007. "The use of portfolio credit risk models in central banks," Occasional Paper Series 64, European Central Bank.
    86. Gerdesmeier, Dieter & Roffia, Barbara & Reimers, Hans-Eggert, 2018. "Unravelling the secrets of euro area inflation: A frequency decomposition approach," Wismar Discussion Papers 06/2018, Hochschule Wismar, Wismar Business School.

  16. Brand, Claus & Cassola, Nuno, 2000. "A money demand system for euro area M3," Working Paper Series 39, European Central Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Christian Dreger & Jürgen Wolters, 2010. "M3 money demand and excess liquidity in the euro area," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 144(3), pages 459-472, September.
    2. De Santis, Roberto A. & Favero, Carlo A. & Roffia, Barbara, 2008. "Euro area money demand and international portfolio allocation: a contribution to assessing risks to price stability," Working Paper Series 926, European Central Bank.
    3. LEBRE DE FREITAS Miguel, 2010. "Currency Substitution and Money Demand in Euroland," EcoMod2003 330700087, EcoMod.
    4. Giuseppe Ferrero & Andrea Nobili & Patrizia Passiglia, 2007. "The sectoral distribution of money supply in the Euro area," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 627, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    5. Carstensen, Kai & Gern, Klaus-Jürgen & Kamps, Christophe & Scheide, Joachim, 2003. "Euroland: Stagnation wird allmählich überwunden," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 3081, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    6. Oliver Holtemöller, 2004. "A monetary vector error correction model of the Euro area and implications for monetary policy," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 553-574, September.
    7. Clemens Kool & Erik de Regt & Tom van Veen, 2013. "Money Overhang, Credit Overhang and Financial Imbalances in the Euro Area," CESifo Working Paper Series 4476, CESifo.
    8. Klaus Masuch & Sergio Nicoletti-Altimari & Massimo Rostagno & Huw Pill, 2003. "The role of money in monetary policymaking," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Monetary policy in a changing environment, volume 19, pages 158-191, Bank for International Settlements.
    9. Giuseppe Ferrero & Andrea Nobili & Patrizia Passiglia, 2011. "Assessing excess liquidity in the euro area: the role of sectoral distribution of money," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(23), pages 3213-3230.
    10. Ansgar Belke & Robert Czudaj, 2010. "Is Euro Area Money Demand (Still) Stable?: Cointegrated VAR versus Single Equation Techniques," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 982, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    11. Nicoletti Altimari, Sergio, 2001. "Does money lead inflation in the euro area?," Working Paper Series 63, European Central Bank.
    12. Reimers, Hans-Eggert & Herwartz, Helmut, 2001. "Long-Run Links Among Money, Prices, and Output: World-Wide Evidence," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2001,14, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    13. Alessandro Calza & Alexander Jung & Livio Stracca, 2000. "An econometric analysis of the main components of M3 in the Euro area," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 136(4), pages 680-701, December.
    14. de Bondt, Gabe, 2009. "Euro area money demand: empirical evidence on the role of equity and labour markets," Working Paper Series 1086, European Central Bank.
    15. Ivars Tillers, 2004. "Money Demand in Latvia," Working Papers 2004/03, Latvijas Banka.
    16. Sylvie Lecarpentier-Moyal & Patricia Renou-Maissant, 2007. "Analyse dynamique de la convergence des comportements de demande de monnaie en Europe," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 83(3), pages 321-357.
    17. Christian Dreger & Jürgen Wolters, 2007. "Instabile Geldnachfrage im Euroraum?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 76(4), pages 85-95.
    18. Claudiu Tiberiu ALBULESCU & Dominique Pepin, 2018. "Monetary Integration, Money-Demand Stability, and the Role of Monetary Overhang in Forecasting Inflation in CEE Countries," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 33(4), pages 841-879.
    19. Adnan Haider & Asad Jan & Kalim Hyder, 2013. "On the (Ir)Relevance of Monetary Aggregate Targeting in Pakistan: An Eclectic View," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 18(2), pages 65-119, July-Dec.
    20. J. Liu & C.J.M. Kool, 2017. "Monetary dynamics in the euro area: a disaggregate panel approach," Working Papers 17-14, Utrecht School of Economics.
    21. Kai Carstensen & Jan Hagen & Oliver Hossfeld & Abelardo Salazar Neaves, 2009. "Money Demand Stability And Inflation Prediction In The Four Largest Emu Countries," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 56(1), pages 73-93, February.
    22. Ahad, Muhammad, 2015. "Financial Development and Money Demand Function: Cointegration, Causality and Variance Decomposition Analysis for Pakistan," MPRA Paper 70033, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Christian Dreger & Jürgen Wolters, 2010. "Money Demand and the Role of Monetary Indicators in Forecasting Euro Area Inflation," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1064, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    24. Gabe J. De Bondt, 2010. "New Evidence On The Motives For Holding Euro Area Money," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 78(3), pages 259-278, June.
    25. Czudaj, Robert, 2011. "P-star in times of crisis - Forecasting inflation for the euro area," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 390-407, September.
    26. Browne, Frank & Kelly, Robert, 2009. "Money and uncertainty in democratised financial markets," Research Technical Papers 16/RT/09, Central Bank of Ireland.
    27. Stéphane Guéné, 2001. "Agrégats et politique monétaires dans la zone euro," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 147(1), pages 187-201.
    28. Dreger, Christian & Wolters, Jürgen, 2009. "Money Velocity and Asset Prices in the Euro Area," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 36(1), pages 51-63.
    29. Dreger, Christian & Wolters, Jürgen, 2015. "Unconventional monetary policy and money demand," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 40-54.
    30. Matteo Luciani, 2004. "A VAR Model for the Analysis of the Effects of Monetary Policy in the Euro Area," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/153332, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    31. Jens R. Clausen & Juergen B. Donges, 2001. "European Monetary Policy: The Ongoing Debate on Conceptual Issues," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(10), pages 1309-1326, November.
    32. Sousa, Ricardo M., 2010. "Housing wealth, financial wealth, money demand and policy rule: Evidence from the euro area," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 88-105, March.
    33. Carstensen, Kai, 2006. "Stock Market Downswing and the Stability of European Monetary Union Money Demand," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 24, pages 395-402, October.
    34. Gerlach, Stefan, 2003. "The ECB's Two Pillars," CEPR Discussion Papers 3689, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    35. Calza, Alessandro & Sousa, João, 2003. "Why has broad money demand been more stable in the euro area than in other economies? A literature review," Working Paper Series 261, European Central Bank.
    36. Barigozzi, Matteo, 2018. "On the stability of euro area money demand and its implications for monetary policy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 87283, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    37. Nautz, Dieter & Rondorf, Ulrike, 2010. "The (in)stability of money demand in the Euro Area: Lessons from a cross-country analysis," SFB 649 Discussion Papers 2010-023, Humboldt University Berlin, Collaborative Research Center 649: Economic Risk.
    38. Carstensen, Kai, 2006. "Estimating the ECB policy reaction function," Munich Reprints in Economics 19941, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    39. Lebre DE Freitas, Miguel, 2022. "International currency substitution and the demand for money in the euro area," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    40. Joaquim Pina, 2002. "Does Money Granger Cause Inflation in the Euro Area?," Working Papers w200212, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
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    43. Jean-Pierre Laffargue & Pierre Malgrange & Alain Quinet, 2001. "Structure et comportements macro-économiques : comparaisons économétriques entre nations. Présentation générale," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 147(1), pages 1-13.
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    92. Morana, Claudio, 2000. "Measuring core inflation in the euro area," Working Paper Series 36, European Central Bank.
    93. Jones, Barry E. & Stracca, Livio, 2006. "Are money and consumption additively separable in the euro area? A non-parametric approach," Working Paper Series 704, European Central Bank.
    94. Franz Seitz & Karl‐Heinz Tödter, 2001. "How the P* Model Rationalizes Monetary Targeting: A Comment on Svensson," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 2(3), pages 303-308, August.
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    99. Martin Melecký, 2002. "Analýza diskrepancí v poptávce po penìzích domácností a firem v ÈR 1994-2000 (èást I: domácnosti)," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 52(7-8), pages 428-449, July.
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    101. Dumitru, Ionut, 2002. "Money Demand in Romania," MPRA Paper 10629, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    102. Heimonen, Kari, 2010. "Money and equity returns in the Euro area," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 152-169.
    103. Stolz, Stéphanie & Gottschalk, Jan, 2001. "The link of the monetary indicator to future inflation in the Euro Area - a simulation experiment," Kiel Working Papers 1057, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    104. Fidrmuc, Jarko, 2006. "Money Demand and Disinflation in Selected CEECs during the Accession to the EU," Discussion Papers in Economics 1232, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    105. Lauri Kajanoja, 2004. "Money as an indicator variable for monetary policy when money demand is forward looking," Macroeconomics 0405003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    106. António Rua, 2021. "Modelling currency demand: the case of the euro," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1865-1881, October.
    107. Carstensen, Kai, 2004. "Is European Money Demand Still Stable?," Kiel Working Papers 1179, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
    108. Dario Cziráky & Max Gillman, 2006. "Money Demand in an EU Accession Country: A VECM Study of Croatia," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(2), pages 105-127, April.
    109. Roberto Santis, 2015. "Quantity theory is alive: the role of international portfolio shifts," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 1401-1430, December.
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    112. Beyer, Andreas, 2009. "A Stable Model for Euro Area Money Demand: Revisiting the Role of Wealth," Working Paper Series 1111, European Central Bank.
    113. Livio Stracca, 2004. "Does Liquidity Matter? Properties of a Divisia Monetary Aggregate in the Euro Area," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 66(3), pages 309-331, July.
    114. Petar Sorić & Ivana Lolić & Marina Matošec, 2020. "Some properties of inflation expectations in the euro area," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 71(1), pages 176-203, February.
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    12. Ciccarelli, Matteo & Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Priftis, Romanos & Angelini, Elena & Bańbura, Marta & Bokan, Nikola & Fagan, Gabriel & Gumiel, José Emilio & Kornprobst, Antoine & Lalik, Magdalena & Mo, 2024. "ECB macroeconometric models for forecasting and policy analysis," Occasional Paper Series 344, European Central Bank.

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  6. Claus Brand & Daniel Buncic & Jarkko Turunen, 2010. "The Impact of ECB Monetary Policy Decisions and Communication on the Yield Curve," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 8(6), pages 1266-1298, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  7. Claus Brand & Nuno Cassola, 2004. "A money demand system for euro area M3," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(8), pages 817-838.
    See citations under working paper version above.
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