Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2020

• Álvarez Marinelli, Horacio & Berlinski, Samuel & Busso, Matías, 2019, "Remedial Education: Evidence from a Sequence of Experiments in Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10034, Dec, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002075.
• Busso, Matías & Muñoz, Juan Sebastián & Montaño, Sebastián, 2020, "Unbundling Returns to Degrees and Skills: Evidence from Postsecondary Education in Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10069, Jan, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002121.
• Celhay, Pablo & Gallegos, Sebastián, 2020, "Early Skill Gap Effects on Long-Run Outcomes and Parental Investments," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10111, Jan, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002161.
• Arias Ortiz, Elena & Kaltenberg, Mary & Jara-Figueroa, Cristian & Bornacelly, Iván & Hartmann, Dominik, 2020, "Local Labor Markets and Higher Education Mismatch: What is The Role of Public and Private Institutions?," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10319, Apr, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002295.
• Domínguez, Patricio & Ruffini, Krista, 2020, "Long-Term Gains from Longer School Days," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10366, Jun, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002416.
• Ubfal, Diego & Arráiz, Irani & Beuermann, Diether & Frese, Michael & Maffioli, Alessandro & Verch, Daniel, 2020, "The Impact of Soft-Skills Training for Entrepreneurs in Jamaica," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10399, Jun, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002450.
• Morales, Fernando & Pierola, Martha Denisse, 2020, "Venezuelan Migration in Peru: Short-term Adjustments in the Labor Market," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10541, Aug, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002594.
• Doerr, Annabelle & Novella, Rafael, 2020, "The Long-Term Effects of Job Training on Labor Market and Skills Outcomes in Chile," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10767, Sep, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002791.
• Urquidi, Manuel & Nogales, Ricardo & Córdova, Pamela, 2020, "The Impact of University Reputation on Employment Opportunities: Experimental Evidence from Bolivia," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 10803, Jul, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002822.
• Frisancho, Verónica, 2019, "The Effects of School Based Financial Education," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9501, Feb, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001578.
• Novella, Rafael & Rosas-Shady, David & Alvarado, Alfredo, 2019, "Are We Nearly There Yet?: New Technology Adoption and Labor Demand in Peru," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9765, Aug, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001837.
• Frisancho, Verónica, 2019, "The Impact of Financial Education for Youth," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9809, Jul, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001791.
• Elacqua, Gregory & Navarro-Palau, Patricia & Prada, María Fernanda & Soares, Sammara, 2019, "Does Technical Education Improve Academic Outcomes?: Evidence from Brazil," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9890, Sep, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001818.
• Novella, Rafael & Valencia, Horacio, 2019, "Active Labor Market Policies in a Context of High Informality: The Effect of PAE in Bolivia," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 9914, Oct, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001966.
• Jadhav Chakradhar & Arun Kumar Bairwa, 2020, "Employment Probabilities and Workforce Distribution in the Indian Manufacturing Sector: A State-Level Analysis," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, volume 23, issue 1, pages 55-82, April, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i1.
• Dyah S. Pritadrajati & Anggita C. M. Kusuma & Sweta C. Saxena, 2020, "A Non-Healing Wound: Lasting Consequences Of Unemployment And Informal Self-Employment: An Empirical Evidence From Indonesia," Working Papers, Bank Indonesia, number WP/09/2020.
• Rodrigo Martínez-Mazza, 2020, ""Mom, Dad: I’m staying”. Initial labor market conditions, housing markets, and welfare," Working Papers, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB), number 2020/14.
• Julio César Neffa, 2020, "Proceso de Trabajo, Acumulación del Capital y su Impacto sobre la Salud," Revista de Economía y Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, volume 58, issue 1, pages 113-151, Diciembre, DOI: 10.55444/2451.7321.2020.v58.n1.3186.
• Alina Ligia Dumitrescu & Petre Prisecaru, 2020, "The Impact Of The Fourth Industrial Revolution On Employment," Revista de Economie Mondiala / The Journal of Global Economics, Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy, volume 12, issue 1, pages 3-15.
• Orazio Attanasio & Richard Blundell & Gabriella Conti & Giacomo Mason, 2020, "Inequality in socio-emotional skills: a cross-cohort comparison," IFS Working Papers, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number W20/11, Apr.
• Orazio Attanasio & Sarah Cattan & Emla Fitzsimons & Costas Meghir & Marta Rubio Codina, 2020, "Estimating the production function for human capital: results from a randomized controlled trial in Colombia," IFS Working Papers, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number W20/3, Jan.
• Michael P Keane & Sonya Krutikova & Timothy Neal, 2020, "The impact of child work on cognitive development: results from four low to middle income countries," IFS Working Papers, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number W20/36, Oct.
• Cintya Lanchimba & Joselyn Quisnancela & Yasmín Salazar Méndez, 2020, "The choice of elderly labor: Evidence from Ecuador," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, volume 35, issue 1, pages 75-97, April.
• Erico Wulf Betancourt, 2020, "Energy, Growth and Environment: Analysis from the Microeconomics Perspective," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, volume 15, issue 4, pages 621-645, Octubre -.
• Xavier Estupinan & Mohit Sharma & Sargam Gupta & Bharti Birla, 2020, "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on labour supply and gross value added in India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2020-022, Jun.
• Florin PAVELESCU, 2020, "Challendges of COVID 19 Pademic on the Employment model. Implications for Romania," Romanian Journal of Economics, Institute of National Economy, volume 51, issue 2(60), pages 155-169, December.
• Wesley M. Cohen & Henry Sauermann & Paula Stephan, 2020, "Not in the Job Description: The Commercial Activities of Academic Scientists and Engineers," Management Science, INFORMS, volume 66, issue 9, pages 4108-4117, September, DOI: 10.287/mnsc.2019.3535.
• Marek Gora & Anna Ruzik-Sierdzinska, 2020, "Migration with pension reform expectations," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, volume 44, issue 2, pages 203-219, DOI: 10.3326/pse.44.2.3.
• David Martinez Turegano, 2020, "Sectoral productivity vis-à-vis the US and heterogeneity within the EU27: the role of firm size distribution and firm demographics," JRC Research Reports, Joint Research Centre, number JRC122059, Nov.
• Enrique Fernandez-Macias & David Klenert & Jose-Ignacio Anton, 2020, "Not so disruptive yet? Characteristics, distribution and determinants of robots in Europe," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology, Joint Research Centre, number 2020-03, Apr.
• Erhan Artuc & Paulo Bastos & Bob Rijkers, 2020, "Robots, Tasks, and Trade," Working Papers REM, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa, number 2020/0118, Mar.
• Simone Balestra & Aurelien Sallin & Stefan C. Wolter, 2020, "High-Ability Influencers? The Heterogeneous Effects of Gifted Classmates," Economics of Education Working Paper Series, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), number 0170, May.
• Samuel Muehlemann & Harald Pfeifer & Bernhard Wittek, 2020, "The effect of business cycle expectations on the German apprenticeship market: Estimating the impact of Covid-19," Economics of Education Working Paper Series, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), number 0171, Jun.
• Christian Eggenberger & Uschi Backes-Gellner, 2020, "IT Skills, Occupation Specificity and Job Separations," Economics of Education Working Paper Series, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), number 0172, Jun, revised Oct 2022.
• Mehrab Kiarsi & Samuel Muehlemann, 2020, "The Importance of Proportional and Fixed Hiring Costs in Search and Matching Models," Economics of Education Working Paper Series, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), number 0174, Sep.
• Fabienne Kiener & Ann-Sophie Gnehm & Uschi Backes-Gellner, 2020, "Noncognitive Skills in Training Curricula and Nonlinear Wage Returns," Economics of Education Working Paper Series, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), number 0175, Dec.
• Ahn, Kunwon & Lee, Jun Yeong & Winters, John V., 2020, "Employment Opportunities and High School Completion during the COVID-19 Recession," ISU General Staff Papers, Iowa State University, Department of Economics, number 202010190700001114, Oct.
• Jelnov, Pavel & Weiss, Yoram, 2020, "Influence in Economics and Aging," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12887, Jan.
• Torosyan, Karine & Pignatti, Norberto, 2020, "Employment vs. Homestay and the Happiness of Women in the South Caucasus," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12888, Jan.
• Gohl, Niklas & Haan, Peter & Kurz, Elisabeth & Weinhardt, Felix, 2020, "Working Life and Human Capital Investment: Causal Evidence from Pension Reform," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12891, Jan.
• Galor, Oded & Özak, Ömer & Sarid, Assaf, 2020, "Linguistic Traits and Human Capital Formation," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12894, Jan.
• Jaimovich, Nir & Saporta-Eksten, Itay & Siu, Henry E. & Yedid-Levi, Yaniv, 2020, "The Macroeconomics of Automation: Data, Theory, and Policy Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12913, Jan.
• Goldfarb, Yael & Neuman, Shoshana, 2020, "Enhancing Employability by Responding to Work Motives: Lessons from a Field Experiment among Israeli Ultra-Religious Women," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12921, Jan.
• Frodermann, Corinna & Wrohlich, Katharina & Zucco, Aline, 2020, "Parental Leave Reform and Long-Run Earnings of Mothers," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12935, Jan.
• Conti, Gabriella & Poupakis, Stavros & Sandner, Malte & Kliem, Sören, 2020, "The Effects of Home Visiting on Mother-Child Interactions: Evidence from a Randomised Trial Using Dynamic Micro-Level Data," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12937, Jan.
• Jayachandran, Seema, 2020, "Microentrepreneurship in Developing Countries," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12943, Jan.
• Lei, Ziteng & Lundberg, Shelly, 2020, "Vulnerable Boys: Short-Term and Long-Term Gender Differences in the Impacts of Adolescent Disadvantage," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12944, Jan.
• Giordani, Paolo E. & Mariani, Fabio, 2020, "Unintended Consequences: Can the Rise of the Educated Class Explain the Revival of Protectionism?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12949, Jan.
• Aryal, Gaurab & Bhuller, Manudeep & Lange, Fabian, 2020, "Signaling and Employer Learning with Instruments," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12953, Jan.
• Montobbio, Fabio & Staccioli, Jacopo & Virgillito, Maria Enrica & Vivarelli, Marco, 2020, "Robots and the Origin of Their Labour-Saving Impact," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12967, Feb.
• Arellano-Bover, Jaime, 2020, "Career Consequences of Firm Heterogeneity for Young Workers: First Job and Firm Size," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12969, Feb.
• Hanushek, Eric A. & Peterson, Paul E. & Talpey, Laura M. & Woessmann, Ludger, 2020, "Long-Run Trends in the U.S. SES-Achievement Gap," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12971, Feb.
• Garibaldi, Pietro & Gomes, Pedro Maia & Sopraseuth, Thepthida, 2020, "Output Costs of Education and Skill Mismatch," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12974, Feb.
• Mundra, Kusum & Rios-Avila, Fernando, 2020, "Education-Occupation Mismatch and Social Networks for Hispanics in the US: Role of Citizenship," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12975, Feb.
• Brunello, Giorgio & Wruuck, Patricia, 2020, "Employer Provided Training in Europe: Determinants and Obstacles," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12981, Feb.
• Wu, Ziting & Chen, Xi & Li, Guoxing & Tian, Lin & Wang, Zhan & Xiong, Xiuqin & Yang, Chuan & Zhou, Zijun & Pan, Xiaochuan, 2020, "The Impact of Air Pollution on Attributable Risks and Economic Costs of Hospitalization for Mental Disorders," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12986, Feb.
• Bellés Obrero, Cristina & Duchini, Emma, 2020, "Who Benefits from General Knowledge?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 12995, Feb.
• Piton, Céline & Rycx, François, 2020, "The Heterogeneous Employment Outcomes of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Belgium," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13004, Feb.
• Budría, Santiago & Martínez de Ibarreta, Carlos, 2020, "Educational and Skills Mismatches among Immigrants: The Impact of Host Language Proficiency," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13030, Mar.
• Van Borm, Hannah & Dhoop, Marlot & Van Acker, Allien & Baert, Stijn, 2020, "What Does Someone's Gender Identity Signal to Employers?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13031, Mar.
• Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal & Pastore, Francesco & Yavuz, Hasan Bilgehan, 2020, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Latin American Economies: An Empirical Approach," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13050, Mar.
• Bhalotra, Sonia R. & Delavande, Adeline & Gilabert, Paulino Font & Maselko, Joanna, 2020, "Maternal Investments in Children: The Role of Expected Effort and Returns," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13056, Mar.
• Brunello, Giorgio & Gereben, Áron & Weiss, Christoph T. & Wruuck, Patricia, 2020, "Financing Constraints and Employers' Investment in Training," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13067, Mar.
• Sorrenti, Giuseppe & Zölitz, Ulf & Ribeaud, Denis & Eisner, Manuel, 2020, "The Causal Impact of Socio-Emotional Skills Training on Educational Success," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13087, Mar.
• Belzil, Christian & Maurel, Arnaud & Sidibé, Modibo, 2020, "Estimating the Value of Higher Education Financial Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13096, Mar.
• Del Boca, Daniela & Pronzato, Chiara D. & Sorrenti, Giuseppe, 2020, "Cash Transfer Programs and Household Labor Supply," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13102, Mar.
• Hong, Kai & Savelyev, Peter A. & Tan, Kegon T.K., 2020, "Understanding the Mechanisms Linking College Education with Longevity," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13118, Apr.
• Kasir, Nitsa Kaliner & Yashiv, Eran, 2020, "The Economic Outcomes of an Ethnic Minority: The Role of Barriers," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13120, Apr.
• Ehrlich, Isaac & Pei, Yun, 2020, "Human Capital as Engine of Growth the Role of Knowledge Transfers in Promoting Balanced Growth within and across Countries," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13122, Apr.
• Attanasio, Orazio & Blundell, Richard & Conti, Gabriella & Mason, Giacomo, 2020, "Inequality in Socio-Emotional Skills: A Cross-Cohort Comparison," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13124, Apr.
• Arellano-Bover, Jaime, 2020, "The Effect of Labor Market Conditions at Entry on Workers' Long-Term Skills," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13129, Apr.
• Yashiv, Eran, 2020, "Moving from a Poor Economy to a Rich One: The Contradictory Roles of Technology and Job Tasks," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13131, Apr.
• Bastani, Spencer & Waldenström, Daniel, 2020, "The Ability Gradient in Bunching," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13141, Apr.
• Tanaka, Ryuichi & Bessho, Shun-ichiro & Kawamura, Akira & Noguchi, Haruko & Ushijima, Koichi, 2020, "Determinants of Teacher Value-Added in Public Primary Schools: Evidence from Administrative Panel Data," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13146, Apr.
• Alipour, Jean-Victor & Falck, Oliver & Schüller, Simone, 2020, "Germany's Capacities to Work from Home," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13152, Apr.
• Cahuc, Pierre & Hervelin, Jeremy, 2020, "Apprenticeship and Youth Unemployment," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13154, Apr.
• Agostinelli, Francesco & Doepke, Matthias & Sorrenti, Giuseppe & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 2020, "It Takes a Village: The Economics of Parenting with Neighborhood and Peer Effects," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13161, Apr.
• Gorman, Emma & Walker, Ian, 2020, "Heterogeneous Effects of Missing out on a Place at a Preferred Secondary School in England," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13167, Apr.
• Adams-Prassl, Abi & Boneva, Teodora & Golin, Marta & Rauh, Christopher, 2020, "Inequality in the Impact of the Coronavirus Shock: Evidence from Real Time Surveys," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13183, Apr.
• MacLeod, W. Bentley & Urquiola, Miguel, 2020, "Why Does the U.S. Have the Best Research Universities? Incentives, Resources, and Virtuous Circles," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13203, Apr.
• Demange, Perline A. & Malanchini, Margherita & Mallard, Travis T. & Biroli, Pietro, 2020, "Investigating the Genetic Architecture of Non-Cognitive Skills Using GWAS-By-Subtraction," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13206, May.
• Diaz-Serrano, Luis & Nilsson, William, 2020, "The Regional Anatomy of School Dropouts in Spain: The Role of the Industry Structure of Local Labour Markets," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13220, May.
• Baert, Stijn & Lippens, Louis & Moens, Eline & Weytjens, Johannes & Sterkens, Philippe, 2020, "The COVID-19 Crisis and Telework: A Research Survey on Experiences, Expectations and Hopes," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13229, May.
• Fraumeni, Barbara M. & Christian, Michael S. & Samuels, Jon D., 2020, "The Accumulation of Human and Market Capital in the United States: The Long View, 1948–2013," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13239, May.
• Gaggl, Paul & Gray, Rowena & Marinescu, Ioana E. & Morin, Miguel, 2020, "Does Electricity Drive Structural Transformation? Evidence from the United States," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13243, May.
• Buchmueller, Gerda & Walker, Ian, 2020, "The Graduate Wage and Earnings Premia and the Role of Non-Cognitive Skills," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13248, May.
• Delaney, Judith M. & Devereux, Paul J., 2020, "Choosing Differently? College Application Behavior and the Persistence of Educational Advantage," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13251, May.
• Corekcioglu, Gozde & Francesconi, Marco & Kunze, Astrid, 2020, "Do Generous Parental Leave Policies Help Top Female Earners?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13275, May.
• Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Branka, Jiri, 2020, "EU Jobs at Highest Risk of COVID-19 Social Distancing: Will the Pandemic Exacerbate Labour Market Divide?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13281, May.
• Conti, Gabriella & Hanson, Mark & Inskip, Hazel & Crozier, Sarah & Cooper, Cyrus & Godfrey, Keith, 2020, "Beyond Birthweight: The Origins of Human Capital," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13296, May.
• Delaney, Judith M. & Devereux, Paul J., 2020, "How Gender and Prior Disadvantage Predict Performance in College," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13299, May.
• Sevilla, Almudena & Smith, Sarah, 2020, "Baby Steps: The Gender Division of Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13302, May.
• Goulas, Sofoklis & Griselda, Silvia & Megalokonomou, Rigissa, 2020, "Comparative Advantage and Gender Gap in STEM," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13313, Jun.
• Bozio, Antoine & Breda, Thomas & Guillot, Malka, 2020, "The Contribution of Payroll Taxation to Wage Inequality in France," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13317, May.
• Jones, Melanie K. & Kaya, Ezgi, 2020, "The Gender Pay Gap: What Can We Learn from Northern Ireland?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13318, May.
• Doepke, Matthias & Gaetani, Ruben, 2020, "Why Didn't the College Premium Rise Everywhere? Employment Protection and On-the-Job Investment in Skills," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13325, Jun.
• Berger, Eva M. & Fehr, Ernst & Hermes, Henning & Schunk, Daniel & Winkel, Kirsten, 2020, "The Impact of Working Memory Training on Children's Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13338, Jun.
• Stillman, Steven & Velamuri, Malathi, 2020, "Are Personality Traits Really Fixed and Does It Matter?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13342, Jun.
• Mühlemann, Samuel & Pfeifer, Harald & Wittek, Bernhard, 2020, "The Effect of Business Cycle Expectations on the German Apprenticeship Market: Estimating the Impact of COVID-19," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13368, Jun.
• Adams-Prassl, Abi & Boneva, Teodora & Golin, Marta & Rauh, Christopher, 2020, "Work That Can Be Done from Home: Evidence on Variation within and across Occupations and Industries," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13374, Jun.
• Yuksel, Mutlu & Aydede, Yigit & Begolli, Francisko, 2020, "Dynamics of Social Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13376, Jun.
• Guven, Cahit & Tong, Lan Anh & Yuksel, Mutlu, 2020, "Australia's Immigration Selection System and Labour Market Outcomes in a Family Context: Evidence from Administrative Data," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13377, Jun.
• Gensowski, Miriam & Gørtz, Mette & Schurer, Stefanie, 2020, "Inequality in Personality over the Life Cycle," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13378, Jun.
• Kuhn, Andreas & Wolter, Stefan C., 2020, "Things versus People: Gender Differences in Vocational Interests and in Occupational Preferences," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13380, Jun.
• Westphal, Matthias & Kamhöfer, Daniel A. & Schmitz, Hendrik, 2020, "Marginal College Wage Premiums under Selection into Employment," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13382, Jun.
• Lewandowski, Piotr & Park, Albert & Schotte, Simone, 2020, "The Global Distribution of Routine and Non-Routine Work," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13384, Jun.
• Friedman-Sokuler, Naomi & Senik, Claudia, 2020, "From Pink-Collar to Lab Coat: Cultural Persistence and Diffusion of Socialist Gender Norms," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13385, Jun.
• Falk, Armin & Kosse, Fabian & Pinger, Pia, 2020, "Mentoring and Schooling Decisions: Causal Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13387, Jun.
• Eichhorst, Werner & Hemerijck, Anton & Scalise, Gemma, 2020, "Welfare States, Labor Markets, Social Investment and the Digital Transformation," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13391, Jun.
• Addison, John T. & Chen, Liwen & Ozturk, Orgul Demet, 2020, "Recessions and Occupational Match Quality: The Role of Age, Gender, and Education," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13393, Jun.
• Zölitz, Ulf & Feld, Jan, 2020, "The Effect of Peer Gender on Major Choice in Business School," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13396, Jun.
• Elsayed, Ahmed & Marie, Olivier, 2020, "Less School (Costs), More (Female) Education? Lessons from Egypt Reducing Years of Compulsory Schooling," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13402, Jun.
• Pouliakas, Konstantinos, 2020, "Working at Home in Greece: Unexplored Potential at Times of Social Distancing?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13408, Jun.
• Ruhose, Jens & Thomsen, Stephan L. & Weilage, Insa, 2020, "Are Older Workers Willing to Learn?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13416, Jun.
• Verdugo, Gregory & Allègre, Guillaume, 2020, "Labour Force Participation and Job Polarization: Evidence from Europe during the Great Recession," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13425, Jun.
• Chowdhury, Shyamal & Sutter, Matthias & Zimmermann, Klaus F., 2020, "Economic Preferences across Generations and Family Clusters: A Large-Scale Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13451, Jul.
• Pastore, Francesco & Quintano, Claudio & Rocca, Antonella, 2020, "Stuck at a Crossroads? The Duration of the Italian School-To-Work Transition," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13462, Jul.
• Golsteyn, Bart H.H. & Magnée, Cécile A. J., 2020, "Does Sibling Gender Affect Personality Traits?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13473, Jul.
• Ganguli, Ina & Gaule, Patrick & Čugalj, Danijela Vuletić, 2020, "Biased Beliefs and Entry into Scientific Careers," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13475, Jul.
• Dorner, Matthias & Görlitz, Katja, 2020, "Training, Wages and a Missing School Graduation Cohort," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13490, Jul.
• Liu, Gang & Fraumeni, Barbara M., 2020, "A Brief Introduction to Human Capital Measures," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13494, Jul.
• Papps, Kerry L., 2020, "How the Minimum Wage Affects Training among Apprentices," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13499, Jul.
• Andrew, Alison & Cattan, Sarah & Costa Dias, Monica & Farquharson, Christine & Kraftman, Lucy & Krutikova, Sonya & Phimister, Angus & Sevilla, Almudena, 2020, "The Gendered Division of Paid and Domestic Work under Lockdown," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13500, Jul.
• Dahl, Gordon B. & Rooth, Dan-Olof & Stenberg, Anders, 2020, "Long-Run Returns to Field of Study in Secondary School," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13508, Jul.
• Baert, Stijn, 2020, "The Iceberg Decomposition: A Parsimonious Way to Map the Health of Labour Markets," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13512, Jul.
• Dasgupta, Utteeyo & Mani, Subha & Sharma, Smriti & Singhal, Saurabh, 2020, "Social Identity, Behavior, and Personality: Evidence from India," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13515, Jul.
• Hunt, Priscillia E & Smart, Rosanna, 2020, "Investigation of Employers' Preferences for the Design of Staffing Agency Incentives to Hire Ex-Felons," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13520, Jul.
• Jerrim, John & Shure, Nikki & Wyness, Gill, 2020, "Driven to Succeed? Teenagers' Drive, Ambition and Performance on High-Stakes Examinations," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13525, Jul.
• Hart, Robert A., 2020, "Labour Productivity during the Great Depression and the Great Recession in UK Engineering and Metal Manufacture," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13528, Jul.
• Darolia, Rajeev & Mueser, Peter R. & Cronin, Jacob, 2020, "Labor Market Returns to a Prison GED," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13534, Jul.
• Tani, Massimiliano, 2020, "The Labour Market for Native and International PhD Students: Similarities, Differences, and the Role of (University) Employers," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13536, Jul.
• Leduc, Elisabeth & Tojerow, Ilan, 2020, "Subsidizing Domestic Services as a Tool to Fight Unemployment: Effectiveness and Hidden Costs," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13544, Jul.
• Martínez Matute, Marta & Villanueva, Ernesto, 2020, "Task Specialization and Cognitive Skills: Evidence from PIAAC and IALS," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13555, Jul.
• Bicakova, Alena & Cortes, Matias & Mazza, Jacopo, 2020, "Caught in the Cycle: Economic Conditions at Enrollment and Labor Market Outcomes of College Graduates," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13561, Jul.
• Smith, Jeffrey A. & Whalley, Alexander & Wilcox, Nathaniel T., 2020, "Are Program Participants Good Evaluators?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13584, Aug.
• Johnsen, Julian V. & Ku, Hyejin & Salvanes, Kjell G., 2020, "Competition and Career Advancement: The Hidden Costs of Paid Leave," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13596, Aug.
• Averkamp, Dorothée & Bredemeier, Christian & Juessen, Falko, 2020, "Decomposing Gender Wage Gaps: A Family Economics Perspective," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13601, Aug.
• Gries, Thomas & Naudé, Wim, 2020, "Artificial Intelligence, Income Distribution and Economic Growth," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13606, Aug.
• Gregory, Terry & Zierahn-Weilage, Ulrich, 2020, "When the Minimum Wage Really Bites Hard: Impact on Top Earners and Skill Supply," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13633, Aug.
• Blimpo, Moussa & Pugatch, Todd, 2020, "Entrepreneurship Education and Teacher Training in Rwanda," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13634, Aug.
• Psacharopoulos, George & Collis, Victoria & Patrinos, Harry Anthony & Vegas, Emiliana, 2020, "Lost Wages: The COVID-19 Cost of School Closures," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13641, Aug.
• Gaggero, Alessio & Tommasi, Denni, 2020, "Time of Day, Cognitive Tasks and Efficiency Gains," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13657, Sep.
• Afridi, Farzana & Dhillon, Amrita & Sharma, Swati, 2020, "The Ties That Bind Us: Social Networks and Productivity in the Factory," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13711, Sep.
• Del Bono, Emilia & Kinsler, Josh & Pavan, Ronni, 2020, "Skill Formation and the Trouble with Child Non-Cognitive Skill Measures," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13713, Sep.
• Del Bono, Emilia & Kinsler, Josh & Pavan, Ronni, 2020, "A Note on the Importance of Normalizations in Dynamic Latent Factor Models of Skill Formation," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13714, Sep.
• Oreopoulos, Philip, 2020, "Promises and Limitations of Nudging in Education," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13718, Sep.
• Edwards, Rebecca & Gibson, Rachael & Harmon, Colm P. & Schurer, Stefanie, 2020, "First in Their Families at University: Can Non-cognitive Skills Compensate for Social Origin?," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13721, Sep.
• Mazzonna, Fabrizio & Peracchi, Franco, 2020, "Are Older People Aware of Their Cognitive Decline? Misperception and Financial Decision Making," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13725, Sep.
• Cheng, Zhiming & Wang, Ben Zhe & Jiang, Zhou & Taksa, Lucy & Tani, Massimiliano, 2020, "English Skills and Early Labour Market Integration of Humanitarian Migrants," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13728, Sep.
• Ehrmantraut, Laura & Pinger, Pia & Stans, Renske, 2020, "The Expected (Signaling) Value of Higher Education," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13729, Sep.
• Alexandre, Fernando & Cruz, Sara & Portela, Miguel, 2020, "Financial Distress and the Role of Management in Micro and Small-Sized Firms," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13738, Sep.
• Biroli, Pietro & Bosworth, Steven J. & Della Giusta, Marina & Di Girolamo, Amalia & Jaworska, Sylvia & Vollen, Jeremy, 2020, "Framing the Predicted Impacts of COVID-19 Prophylactic Measures in Terms of Lives Saved Rather Than Deaths Is More Effective for Older People," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13753, Sep.
• Cortes, Patricia & Pan, Jessica, 2020, "Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13759, Sep.
• Albiol Sanchez, Judit & Diaz-Serrano, Luis & Teruel, Mercedes, 2020, "The Transition to Self-Employment and Perceived Skill-Mismatches: Panel Data Evidence from Eleven EU Countries," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13764, Oct.
• De Graaf-Zijl, Marloes & Spijkerman, Marcel & Zwinkels, Wim, 2020, "Long-Term Effects of Individual Placement and Support Services for Disability Benefits Recipients with Severe Mental Illnesses," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13772, Oct.
• Houmark, Mikkel Aagaard & Ronda, Victor & Rosholm, Michael, 2020, "The Nurture of Nature and the Nature of Nurture: How Genes and Investments Interact in the Formation of Skills," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13780, Oct.
• Sauermann, Jan & Stenberg, Anders, 2020, "Assessing Selection Bias in Non-Experimental Estimates of the Returns to Workplace Training," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13789, Oct.
• Ahn, Kunwon & Lee, Jun Yeong & Winters, John V., 2020, "Employment Opportunities and High School Completion during the COVID-19 Recession," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13802, Oct.
• Mitchell, Mark & Favara, Marta & Porter, Catherine & Sanchez, Alan, 2020, "Human Capital Development: New Evidence on the Production of Socio-Emotional Skills," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13804, Oct.
• Thomsen, Stephan L. & Trunzer, Johannes, 2020, "Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13806, Oct.
• Anderberg, Dan & Chevalier, Arnaud & Hassani Nezhad, Lena & Lührmann, Melanie & Pavan, Ronni, 2020, "Higher Education Financing and the Educational Aspirations of Teenagers and their Parents," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13807, Oct.
• Champeaux, Hugues & Mangiavacchi, Lucia & Marchetta, Francesca & Piccoli, Luca, 2020, "Learning at Home: Distance Learning Solutions and Child Development during the COVID-19 Lockdown," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13819, Oct.
• Boltz, Marie & Cockx, Bart & Diaz, Ana Maria & Salas, Luz, 2020, "How Does Working-Time Flexibility Affect Workers' Productivity in a Routine Job? Evidence from a Field Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13825, Oct.
• Caliendo, Marco & Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. & Obst, Cosima & Uhlendorff, Arne, 2020, "Risk Preferences and Training Investments," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13828, Oct.
• Hassani Nezhad, Lena, 2020, "Female Employment and Childcare," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13839, Nov.
• Bietenbeck, Jan, 2020, "Own Motivation, Peer Motivation, and Educational Success," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13872, Nov.
• Campo, Francesco & Nunziata, Luca & Rocco, Lorenzo, 2020, "Talking Business: New Evidence on How Language Shapes Economic Behaviour," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13897, Nov.
• Amodio, Francesco & Martinez-Carrasco, Miguel A., 2020, "Workplace Incentives and Organizational Learning," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13898, Nov.
• Fe, Eduardo & Gill, David & Prowse, Victoria L., 2020, "Cognitive Skills, Strategic Sophistication, and Life Outcomes," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13901, Nov.
• Adamecz, Anna & Henderson, Morag & Shure, Nikki, 2020, "The Labor Market Returns to 'First in Family' University Graduates," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13911, Nov.
• Aksoy, Cevat Giray & Poutvaara, Panu & Schikora, Felicitas, 2020, "First Time around: Local Conditions and Multi-Dimensional Integration of Refugees," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13914, Nov.
• Le Barbanchon, Thomas & Ubfal, Diego & Araya, Federico, 2020, "The Effects of Working While in School: Evidence from Uruguayan Lotteries," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13929, Dec.
• Nikolov, Plamen & Adelman, Alan, 2020, "Pension Policies, Retirement and Human Capital Depreciation in Late Adulthood," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13932, Dec.
• Chang, Grace & Favara, Marta & Novella, Rafael, 2020, "The Origins of Cognitive Skills and Non-cognitive Skills: The Long-Term Effect of in-Utero Rainfall Shocks in India," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13960, Dec.
• Agostinelli, Francesco & Doepke, Matthias & Sorrenti, Giuseppe & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 2020, "When the Great Equalizer Shuts Down: Schools, Peers, and Parents in Pandemic Times," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13965, Dec.
• Balestra, Simone & Sallin, Aurélien & Wolter, Stefan C., 2020, "High-Ability Influencers? The Heterogeneous Effects of Gifted Classmates," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13968, Dec.
• Antón, José-Ignacio & Fernández-Macías, Enrique & Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, 2020, "Does Robotization Affect Job Quality? Evidence from European Regional Labour Markets," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13975, Dec.
• Dayioglu-Tayfur, Meltem & Kucukbayrak, Muserref & Tumen, Semih, 2020, "The Impact of Age-Specific Minimum Wages on Youth Employment and Education: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13982, Dec.
• Bachmann, Ronald & Demir, Gökay & Frings, Hanna, 2020, "Labour Market Polarisation, Job Tasks and Monopsony Power," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 13989, Dec.
• Stark, Oded & Berlinschi, Ruxanda, 2020, "Community Influence as an Explanatory Factor Why Roma Children Get Little Schooling," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 14002, Dec.
• Zaika Svitlana & Gridin Oleksandr, 2020, "Human capital development in the agricultural economy sector," Technology audit and production reserves, Socionet;Technology audit and production reserves, volume 1, issue 4(51), pages 30-36.
• Timothy DeStefano & Richard Kneller & Jonathan Timmis, 2020, "Cloud computing and firm growth," Discussion Papers, University of Nottingham, GEP, number 2020-02.
• Milene Simone Tessarin & Paulo César Morceiro & André Luiz Squarize Chagas & André Luiz Squarize Chagas, 2020, "Proximidade setorial na indústria de transformação brasileira [Sectoral proximity in the Brazilian manufacturing industry]," Nova Economia, Economics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), volume 30, issue 3, pages 771-801, September.
• Anne Goujon, 2020, "Dimensions in Global Projections: An Overview," Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), issue 520-521, pages 87-101, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.20.
• Stefan Leknes & Jørn Rattsø & Hildegunn E. Stokke, 2020, "Assortative labor matching, city size, and the education level of workers," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, number 18320, Mar.
• Ole Henning Nyhus, 2020, "When outside options bite: Labor demand in the Norwegian salmon farming industry and educational investments," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, number 18720, Nov.
• Indrit Bimi, 2020, "Empirical Research of Job Satisfaction of Albanian Nurses," Godishnik na UNSS, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 2, pages 231–242-2, December.
• Denitsa Gorchilova, 2020, "Building Students’ Competencies Through Volunteering: Lessons Learnt from Pro Bono Pilots at UNWE," Godishnik na UNSS, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 2, pages 1-29–44, December.
• Веñ еð»Ð¸Ð½ Ðœð¸Ñ‚еð², 2020, "Теð½Ð´Ðµð½Ñ†Ð¸Ð¸ в производитеð»Ð½Ð¾Ñ тта на труð´Ð° в бњð»Ð³Ð°Ñ€Ñ кð°Ñ‚а минна индуñ триÑ," Ikonomiceski i Sotsialni Alternativi, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 2, pages 15-23, June.
• Ivanka Dimitrova & Diana Yankova, 2020, "Study of the Relationship Between Labor Cost and Labor Productivity," Nauchni trudove, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 1, pages 275-307, May.
• Ana Todorova, 2020, "Netflix Organizational Culture - An Environment to Support the Career Development of Employees in a Socially Responsible Company," Nauchni trudove, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 135-151, August.
• Desislava Koleva-Stefanova, 2020, "Nature of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Importance for Working Women," Nauchni trudove, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 3, pages 33-50, August.
• Indranil Bose & Pranjali Madhur & Atul Bansal, 2020, "Impact of Culture on International Human Resource Strategy: A Case Study on the Global Expansion of Sez-Craft, Netherlands," Journal of Applied Management and Investments, Department of Business Administration and Corporate Security, International Humanitarian University, volume 9, issue 3, pages 105-111, September.
• Avinash Pawar, 2020, "Prognostic Model for Employer Brand, Talent Attraction, and Employee Retention through Employee Value Proposition," Journal of Applied Management and Investments, Department of Business Administration and Corporate Security, International Humanitarian University, volume 9, issue 3, pages 133-152, September.
• Hilmar Þór Hilmarsson, 2020, "The Dangers of Banking Interconnectedness During Times of Crisis: The Nordic-Baltic Case," Journal of Applied Management and Investments, Department of Business Administration and Corporate Security, International Humanitarian University, volume 9, issue 4, pages 153-161, December.
• Oecd, 2020, "Better using skills in the workplace in the Leeds City Region, United Kingdom," OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers, OECD Publishing, number 2020/1, Mar, DOI: 10.1787/a0e899a0-en.
• Haruki Seitani & Ben Westmore, 2020, "Technological diffusion and managing the associated economic transitions in Ireland," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1610, Jun, DOI: 10.1787/ca48dd68-en.
• Tim Bulman, 2020, "Rejuvenating Greece’s labour market to generate more and higher-quality jobs," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1622, Oct, DOI: 10.1787/8ea5033a-en.
• Natia Mosiashvili & Jon Pareliussen, 2020, "Digital technology adoption, productivity gains in adopting firms and sectoral spill-overs: Firm-level evidence from Estonia," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1638, Dec, DOI: 10.1787/ba9d00be-en.