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Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Gruber, Jonathan & Kosonen, Tuomas & Huttunen, Kristiina, 2025. "Paying moms to stay home: Short and long run effects on parents and children," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
  2. Rita Pető & Balázs Reizer, 2021. "Gender differences in the skill content of jobs," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 34(3), pages 825-864, July.
  3. De Quinto, Alicia & González, Libertad, 2025. "The short- and long-term effects of family-friendly policies on mothers’ employment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  4. Glogowsky, Ulrich & Hansen, Emanuel & Sachs, Dominik & Lüthen, Holger, 2025. "The evolution of child-related gender inequality in Germany and the role of family policies, 1960–2018," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  5. Albanese, Andrea & Nieto, Adrián & Tatsiramos, Konstantinos, 2022. "Job Location Decisions and the Effect of Children on the Employment Gender Gap," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1113, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  6. Elena Lagomarsino & Francesco Trevisan, 2025. "The Labor Supply Costs of Intra-Household Economic Violence," Working Papers 2025: 07, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari".
  7. Patrick Bennett & Richard Blundell & Kjell G. Salvanes, 2020. "A second chance? Labor market returns to adult education using school reforms," IFS Working Papers W20/28, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
  8. Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard & Zhang, Ning, 2024. "Effects of Parental Death on Labor Market Outcomes and Gender Inequalities," IZA Discussion Papers 17127, IZA Network @ LISER.
  9. Das, Jishnu & Joubert, Clément, 2023. "Women in the pipeline: A dynamic decomposition of firm pay gaps," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  10. Iga Magda & Jacek Bieliński & Marzena Feldy & Anna Knapińska, 2025. "The gender pay gap at the early stages of academic careers," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 23(4), pages 1121-1142, December.
  11. Jan‐luca Hennig & Balazs Stadler, 2023. "Firm‐specific pay premiums and the gender wage gap in Europe," Post-Print hal-04171877, HAL.
  12. Stern, Charlotta & Madison, Guy, 2022. "Sex differences and occupational choice Theorizing for policy informed by behavioral science✰," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 694-702.
  13. Askitas, Nikos & Tatsiramos, Konstantinos & Verheyden, Bertrand, 2020. "Lockdown Strategies, Mobility Patterns and COVID-19," IZA Discussion Papers 13293, IZA Network @ LISER.
  14. Lucas Chancel, 2019. "Ten facts about income inequality in advanced economies," Working Papers hal-02876982, HAL.
  15. Strittmatter, Anthony & Wunsch, Conny, 2021. "The Gender Pay Gap Revisited with Big Data: Do Methodological Choices Matter?," IZA Discussion Papers 14128, IZA Network @ LISER.
  16. Céline Detilleux & Nick Deschacht, 2021. "The causal effect of the number of children on gender‐specific labour supply elasticities to the firm," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(1), pages 2-24, January.
  17. Alessandra Casarico & Elena Del Rey & Jose I. Silva, 2022. "The Effect of Child Care Costs on Gender Inequality," CESifo Working Paper Series 9827, CESifo.
  18. Alicia De Quinto & Libertad González, 2024. "The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Family-Friendly Policies on Women's Employment," Working Papers 1434, Barcelona School of Economics.
  19. Pilar Cuevas-Ruiz & Jose Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & Sveva Manfredi & Almudena Sevilla, 2025. "A new model of parental time investments: A paradigm shift for addressing gender inequality in the labor market," CEP Discussion Papers dp2126, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
  20. Breno Braga & Olga Malkova, 2024. "Time to Grow Up? Adult Children as Determinants of Parental Labor Supply," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 22(1), pages 230-262.
  21. Anne Ardila Brenøe & Ulf Zölitz, 2020. "Exposure to More Female Peers Widens the Gender Gap in STEM Participation," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(4), pages 1009-1054.
  22. Nieto, Adrián, 2021. "Native-immigrant differences in the effect of children on the gender pay gap," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 654-680.
  23. Hofmarcher, Thomas & Plug, Erik, 2022. "Specialization in same-sex and different-sex couples," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  24. Getik, Demid & Meier, Armando N., 2021. "Early Socialization and the Gender Wage Gap," Working Papers 2021:13, Lund University, Department of Economics.
  25. Arjun Bedi & Tanmoy Majilla & Matthias Rieger, 2022. "Does signaling childcare support on job applications reduce the motherhood penalty?," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 373-387, June.
  26. John Anders & Craig Wesley Carpenter, 2021. "Run Effects of Military Service: Evidence from the 911 Attacks," Working Papers 21-36, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  27. Hélène Périvier & Gregory Verdugo, 2021. "Can parental leave be shared?," Working Papers hal-03364048, HAL.
  28. Woodruff, Christopher & Menzel, Andreas, 2019. "Gender Wage Gaps and Worker Mobility: Evidence from the Garment Sector in Bangladesh," CEPR Discussion Papers 13577, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  29. Taiyo FUKAI & Ayako KONDO, 2025. "Parental Earnings Trajectories around Childbirth in Japan: Evidence from local tax records," Discussion papers 25012, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  30. Ulrich Glogowsky & Emanuel Hansen & Simeon Schächtele, 2020. "How Effective Are Social Distancing Policies? Evidence on the Fight against Covid-19 from Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series 8361, CESifo.
  31. Benjamin Hansen & Drew McNichols, 2020. "Information and the Persistence of the Gender Wage Gap: Early Evidence from California's Salary History Ban," NBER Working Papers 27054, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  32. Zoë Cullen & Ricardo Perez-Truglia, 2023. "The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 113(7), pages 1703-1740, July.
  33. Annekatrin Schrenker, 2022. "Do Women Expect Wage Cuts for Part-time Work?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2024, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  34. Rodríguez-Planas, Nuria & Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anna & Terskaya, Anastasia, 2022. "Gender norms in high school: Impacts on risky behaviors from adolescence to adulthood," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 429-456.
  35. Alger, Ingela & Cox, Donald, 2020. "Evolution of the Family: Theory and Implications for Economics," TSE Working Papers 20-1139, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  36. Gutierrez, Federico H., 2018. "Commuting Patterns, the Spatial Distribution of Jobs and the Gender Pay Gap in the U.S," GLO Discussion Paper Series 282, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  37. Ong, David & Yang, Yu (Alan) & Zhang, Junsen, 2020. "Hard to get: The scarcity of women and the competition for high-income men in urban China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  38. Belén Rodríguez Moro, 2025. "The unchanging divide: housework and labor responsibilities in late family stages," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 16(3), pages 785-825, December.
  39. Sébastien Fontenay & Ilan Tojerow, 2025. "Sickness absences among young mothers and the child penalty in employment," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 625-660, June.
  40. De Paola, Maria & Lombardo, Rosetta & Pupo, Valeria & Scoppa, Vincenzo, 2021. "Do Women Shy Away from Public Speaking? A Field Experiment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
  41. Tallås Alhzén, Malin, 2026. "Parental leave quotas and workplace spillovers," Working Paper Series 2026:5, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  42. Mathias Jensen & Abigail Adams & Barbara Petrongolo, 2024. "Birth Timing and Spacing: Implications for Parental Leave Dynamics and Child Penalties," Economics Series Working Papers 1048, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  43. Thomas Schmid & Daniel Urban, 2023. "Female Directors and Firm Value: New Evidence from Directors’ Deaths," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(4), pages 2449-2473, April.
  44. Livvy Mitchell & Isabelle Sin & Maanaima Soa-Lafoai & Colleen Ward, 2022. "Gendered parenting and the intergenerational transmission of gendered stereotypes: Evidence from the Growing Up in New Zealand survey," Motu Working Papers 22_10, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
  45. Li, Jiaqi, 2021. "Racial Difference in Child Penalty," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1382, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
  46. Gan, Renren & Jongen, Egbert L. W. & Rabaté, Simon & Terpstra, Bo, 2025. "The Evolution of the Child Penalty and Gender-Related Inequality in the Netherlands, 1989–2022," IZA Discussion Papers 18158, IZA Network @ LISER.
  47. Juan Pedro Eberhard & Javier Fernandez & Catalina Lauer, 2023. "Effects of maternity on labor outcomes and employment quality for women in Chile," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 2232965-223, December.
  48. Görlitz, Katja & Tamm, Marcus, 2020. "Parenthood, risk attitudes and risky behavior," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  49. Barigozzi, Francesca & Cremer, Helmuth & Monfardini, Chiara, 2019. "The gender gap in informal child care: theory and some evidence from Italy," TSE Working Papers 19-1015, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  50. Abi Adams-Prassl & Kristiina Huttunen & Emily Nix & Ning Zhang, 2024. "Violence against Women at Work," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 139(2), pages 937-991.
  51. Spencer Bastani & Ylva Moberg & Håkan Selin, 2021. "The Anatomy of the Extensive Margin Labor Supply Response," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(1), pages 33-59, January.
  52. Inés Berniell & Lucila Berniell & Dolores de la Mata & María Edo & Yarine Fawaz & Matilde P. Machado & Mariana Marchionni, 2025. "Motherhood and the allocation of talent," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(44), pages 7073-7089, September.
  53. Anna Bindler & Nadine Ketel, 2022. "Scaring or Scarring? Labor Market Effects of Criminal Victimization," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 40(4), pages 939-970.
  54. Jessen, Jonas & Kinne, Lavinia & Battisti, Michele, 2026. "Child penalties in labour market skills," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
  55. Francesco Manaresi & Alessandro Palma & Luca Salvatici & Vincenzo Scrutinio, 2022. "Managerial input and firm performance. Evidence from a policy experiment," CEP Discussion Papers dp1871, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
  56. Julian Pedrazzi & Leonardo Peñaloza-Pacheco, 2021. "Heterogeneous Effects of Forced Migration on Female Labor Supply," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0274, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  57. Barbara Boelmann & Anna Raute & Uta Schönberg, 2021. "Wind of Change? Cultural Determinants of Maternal Labor Supply," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 090, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
  58. Morten Bennedsen & Elena Simintzi & Margarita Tsoutsoura & Daniel Wolfenzon, 2022. "Do Firms Respond to Gender Pay Gap Transparency?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 2051-2091, August.
  59. Fitzenberger, Bernd & Seidlitz, Arnim, 2024. "Changing Fertility and Heterogeneous Motherhood Effects: Revisiting the Effects of a Parental Benefits Reform," IZA Discussion Papers 16966, IZA Network @ LISER.
  60. Meng, Lingsheng & Zhang, Yunbin & Zou, Ben, 2023. "The motherhood penalty in China: Magnitudes, trends, and the role of grandparenting," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 105-132.
  61. Sua Kang & Wookun Kim & Kanghyock Koh, 2025. "Childbirth, Baby Bonus, and Maternal Mental Health," CESifo Working Paper Series 11986, CESifo.
  62. Costoya, Victoria & Echeverría, Lucía & Edo, María & Rocha, Ana & Thailinger, Agustina, 2020. "The impact of COVID-19 in the allocation of time within couples. Evidence for Argentina," Nülan. Deposited Documents 3381, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
  63. Alessandra Casarico & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2024. "What Firms Do: Gender Inequality in Linked Employer-Employee Data," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 42(2), pages 325-355.
  64. Daniel Graeber & Viola Hilbert & Johannes König, 2023. "Inequality of Opportunity in Wealth: Levels, Trends, and Drivers," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1193, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
  65. Martin Halla & Julia Schmieder & Andrea Weber, 2020. "Job Displacement, Family Dynamics, and Spousal Labor Supply," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 12(4), pages 253-287, October.
  66. Stephen Bazen & Xavier Joutard & Hélène Périvier, 2021. "Measuring the Child Penalty Early in a Career," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03451099, HAL.
  67. Bizopoulou, Aspasia, 2019. "Job Tasks and Gender Wage Gaps within Occupations," Working Papers 124, VATT Institute for Economic Research.
  68. Xiao Ma & Alejandro Nakab & Camila Navajas-Ahumada & Daniela Vidart, 2025. "The Motherhood Training Penalty," Working papers 2025-04, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
  69. Susan Harkness, 2022. "Single Mothers’ Income in Twelve Rich Nations: Differences in Disadvantage across the Distribution," LIS Working papers 835, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
  70. Jonas Fluchtmann & Anita M. Glenny & Nikolaj A. Harmon & Jonas Maibom, 2024. "The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 16(2), pages 182-219, May.
  71. Bhalotra, Sonia & Clarke, Damian & Walther, Selma, 2022. "Women's Careers and Family Formation," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1120, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  72. Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel, 2023. "Grandmothers and the gender gap in the Mexican labor market," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
  73. Pham, Tho & Schaefer, Daniel & Singleton, Carl, 2024. "Unequal Hiring Wages and Their Impact on the Gender Pay Gap," IZA Discussion Papers 17285, IZA Network @ LISER.
  74. Zhang, Lin, 2022. "Patrilineality, fertility, and women's income: Evidence from family lineage in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  75. Shao, Lin & Sohail, Faisal & Yurdagul, Emircan, 2023. "Are working hours complements in production?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  76. Oriana Bandiera & Nidhi Parekh & Barbara Petrongolo & Michelle Rao, 2022. "Men are from Mars, and Women Too: A Bayesian Meta‐analysis of Overconfidence Experiments," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 89(S1), pages 38-70, June.
  77. Qian Huang & Xiaofei Jin, 2022. "The effect of the universal two-child policy on female labour market outcomes in China," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 33(3), pages 526-546, September.
  78. O’Connell, Martin & Smith, Kate & Stroud, Rebekah, 2022. "The dietary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  79. Chen, Zihao & Tian, Xu, 2025. "The relaxation of birth control policies adversely affects women's income: Evidence from China's universal two-child policy," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  80. Wolfgang Keller & Hale Utar, 2022. "Globalization, Gender, and the Family," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(6), pages 3381-3409.
  81. Biasi, Paola & De Paola, Maria & Gioia, Francesca, 2025. "When Mothers Out-Earn Fathers: Effects on Fathers' Decisions to Take Paternity and Parental Leave," IZA Discussion Papers 17601, IZA Network @ LISER.
  82. Åslund, Olof & Karimi, Arizo & Sundberg, Anton, 2025. "Origin, norms, and the motherhood penalty," Working Paper Series 2025:1, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  83. Leonie Gerhards & Michael Kosfeld, 2020. "I (Don't) Like You! But Who Cares? Gender Differences in Same-Sex and Mixed-Sex Teams," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 130(627), pages 716-739.
  84. Kozhaya, Mireille, 2022. "The double burden: The impact of school closures on labor force participation of mothers," Ruhr Economic Papers 956, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  85. Jiang Li & Benoit Dostie & Gaëlle Simard-Duplain, 2023. "Firm Pay Policies and the Gender Earnings Gap: The Mediating Role of Marital and Family Status," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(1), pages 160-188, January.
  86. Ashtari Tafti, Elena & Distefano, Mimosa & Surovtseva, Tetyana, 2024. "Gender, careers and peers' gender mix," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 126779, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  87. Borghorst, Malte & Mulalic, Ismir & van Ommeren, Jos, 2024. "Commuting, gender and children," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  88. Zhang, Dandan & Liu, Yaxuan & Zhao, Yiling, 2024. "Working mothers' dilemma during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  89. Gershoni, Naomi & Low, Corinne, 2021. "The power of time: The impact of free IVF on Women’s human capital investments," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
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  590. Simon Rabaté & Sara Rellstab, 2022. "What Determines the Child Penalty in the Netherlands? The Role of Policy and Norms," De Economist, Springer, vol. 170(2), pages 195-229, May.
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  592. Alejandra Machado & Azadé Azad & Emma Pettersson & Jan Hillert & Kristina Alexanderson & Emilie Friberg, 2023. "Gender differences in earnings among people with multiple sclerosis and associations with type of occupation and family composition: A population-based study with matched references," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(8), pages 1-15, August.
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