Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

---

Top JEL
/ J: Labor and Demographic Economics
/ / J3: Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
/ / / J31: Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

2023

• Arabzadeh, Hamzeh & Balleer, Almut & Gehrke, Britta & Taskin, Ahmet Ali, 2023, "Minimum Wages, Wage Dispersion and Financial Constraints in Firms," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16455, Sep.
• Aghion, Philippe & Bergeaud, Antonin & Blundell, Richard & Griffith, Rachel, 2023, "Social Skills and the Individual Wage Growth of Less Educated Workers," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16456, Sep.
• Desiere, Sam & Walter, Christian, 2023, "The Shift Premium: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16460, Sep.
• Martins, Pedro S. & Melo, António, 2023, "Making Their Own Weather? Estimating Employer Labour-Market Power and Its Wage Effects," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16475, Sep.
• Lewandowski, Piotr & Madoń, Karol & Winkler, Deborah, 2023, "The Role of Global Value Chains for Worker Tasks and Wage Inequality," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16510, Oct.
• Hazell, Jonathon & Taska, Bledi, 2023, "Downward Rigidity in the Wage for New Hires," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16512, Oct.
• Fernández-Val, Iván & van Vuuren, Aico & Vella, Francis, 2023, "Marital Sorting, Household Inequality and Selection," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16513, Oct.
• Kiss, Andrea & Garlick, Robert & Orkin, Kate & Hensel, Lukas, 2023, "Jobseekers' Beliefs about Comparative Advantage and (Mis)Directed Search," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16522, Oct.
• Schmidpeter, Bernhard, 2023, "Labor Market News and Expectations about Jobs & Earnings," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16524, Oct.
• Cardullo, Gabriele & Sechi, Agnese, 2023, "Local Labor Markets with Non-homothetic Preferences," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16533, Oct.
• Bellani, Luna & Hidalgo-Hidalgo, Marisa, 2023, "Educate Some to Represent Many? Education and Female Political Representation in Europe," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16539, Oct.
• Roche Rodriguez, Jaime Alfonso & Robertson, Raymond & Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys & Zárate, Daniela Ruiz, 2023, "Exports to Improve Women's Economic Opportunities in Morocco," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16546, Oct.
• Tillian, Pablo & Kokas, Deeksha & Góes, Carlos & Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys, 2023, "Re-Assessing the Impacts of Exports on Local Labour Market Outcomes: A Supply Chain Perspective. Evidence from Egypt," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16547, Oct.
• Carrillo-Tudela, Carlos & Kaas, Leo & Lochner, Benjamin, 2023, "Matching through Search Channels," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16583, Nov.
• Chaturvedi, Sugat & Mahajan, Kanika & Siddique, Zahra, 2023, "Using Domain-Specific Word Embeddings to Examine the Demand for Skills," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16593, Nov.
• Khurana, Saloni & Mahajan, Kanika & Sen, Kunal, 2023, "Minimum Wages and Changing Wage Inequality in India," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16600, Nov.
• Böhm, Michael Johannes & Esmkhani, Khalil & Gallipoli, Giovanni, 2023, "Firm Heterogeneity in Skill Returns," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16644, Dec.
• Dale-Olsen, Harald, 2023, "The Impact of New Free Trade Agreements on Incumbent Firms and Workers," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16649, Dec.
• Lehmann, Tobias, 2023, "Non-Wage Job Values and Implications for Inequality," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16663, Dec.
• Forsythe, Eliza, 2023, "Occupational Job Ladders within and between Firms," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16682, Dec.
• Lochner, Benjamin & Merkl, Christian, 2023, "Gender-Specific Application Behavior, Matching, and the Residual Gender Earnings Gap," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16686, Dec.
• Amior, Michael & Stuhler, Jan, 2023, "Immigration, Monopsony and the Distribution of Firm Pay," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16692, Dec.
• Roland Rathelot & Thijs van Rens & See-Yu Chan, 2023, "Rethinking the skills gap," World of Labour, LISER, pages 3912-3912, November.
• John Forth & Nikolaos Theodoropoulos, 2023, "Employers and the gender wage gap," World of Labour, LISER, pages 511-511, October.
• Ahmed Nawaz Hakro & Yaseen Ghulam & Shabbar Jaffry & Vyoma Shah, 2023, "Wage Differentials in the Post Liberalized Labor Market in Pakistan," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, volume 57, issue 3, pages 123-147, July-Sept.
• Thanh Tam Nguyen-Huu, 2023, "Wage Inequality in Pakistan: How Does Contract Status Matter?," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, volume 57, issue 1, pages 55-68, Januaryâ€.
• Bernhard Schmidpeter, 2023, "Labor Market News and Expectations about Jobs & Earnings," Economics working papers, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria, number 2023-14, Oct.
• Dütsch Matthias & Altun Orkun & Grundmann Luisa & Himmelreicher Ralf, 2023, "What Does the German Minimum Wage Do? The Impact of the Introduction of the Statutory Minimum Wage on the Composition of Low- and Minimum-Wage Labour," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, volume 243, issue 3-4, pages 355-396, June, DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2022-0070.
• Gert Bijnens & Shyngys Karimov & Jozef Konings, 2023, "Does Automatic Wage Indexation Destroy Jobs? A Machine Learning Approach," De Economist, Springer, volume 171, issue 1, pages 85-117, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10645-023-09418-y.
• Cindy Biesenbeek & Maikel Volkerink, 2023, "The Price of Flexible Jobs: Wage Differentials between Permanent and Flexible Jobs in the Netherlands," De Economist, Springer, volume 171, issue 4, pages 367-401, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10645-023-09429-9.
• Oscar Afonso, 2023, "Losers and losses of COVID-19: a directed technical change analysis with fiscal and monetary policies," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, volume 56, issue 3, pages 1777-1821, June, DOI: 10.1007/s10644-023-09486-9.
• Sasan Bakhtiari, 2023, "Growing by outsourcing: a tale of two growths," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, volume 50, issue 2, pages 411-439, May, DOI: 10.1007/s10663-022-09564-7.
• Hanno Lorenz & Fabian Stephany & Jan Kluge, 2023, "The future of employment revisited: how model selection affects digitization risks," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, volume 50, issue 2, pages 323-350, May, DOI: 10.1007/s10663-023-09571-2.
• Ozan Bakis & Sezgin Polat, 2023, "Wage inequality dynamics in Turkey," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, volume 50, issue 3, pages 657-694, August, DOI: 10.1007/s10663-023-09579-8.
• Pallab Kumar Biswas & Larelle Chapple & Helen Roberts & Kevin Stainback, 2023, "Board Gender Diversity and Women in Senior Management," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, volume 182, issue 1, pages 177-198, January, DOI: 10.1007/s10551-021-04979-x.
• Staffan Albinsson, 2023, "Workers’ access to Swedish opera houses and concert halls, 1898–2019," Journal of Cultural Economics, Springer;The Association for Cultural Economics International, volume 47, issue 1, pages 1-30, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10824-021-09437-0.
• John Levendis & Aaron Lowen, 2023, "What Same-Sex Adoption Laws Can Tell Us About the Gender Wage Gap in the United States," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, volume 44, issue 2, pages 473-489, June, DOI: 10.1007/s10834-022-09835-2.
• Quinn A. W. Keefer & Thomas J. Kniesner, 2023, "“Injury risk, concussions, race, and pay in the NFL”," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, volume 67, issue 2, pages 107-136, October, DOI: 10.1007/s11166-023-09415-1.
• Marta Martínez-Matute & Ernesto Villanueva, 2023, "Task specialization and cognitive skills: evidence from PIAAC and IALS," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, volume 21, issue 1, pages 59-93, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11150-021-09587-2.
• Lara Lebedinski & Cristiano Perugini & Marko Vladisavljević, 2023, "Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, volume 21, issue 1, pages 173-215, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11150-022-09604-y.
• Saheli Bose, 2023, "The penalty of work from home: gender gap in productivity of unorganised manufacturing firms in India," Small Business Economics, Springer, volume 60, issue 1, pages 351-369, January, DOI: 10.1007/s11187-022-00637-2.
• Donghan Shin & Hyunbae Chun, 2023, "The Rise of E-Commerce and the Local Wage Structure: Evidence from the Korean Retail Industry," Korean Economic Review, Korean Economic Association, volume 39, pages 315-345.
• Daniele Angelini, 2023, "Aging Population and Technology Adoption," Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, number 2023-01, Feb.
• Yang Zhou & Shigeto Kitano, 2023, "Capital Controls or Macroprudential Policies: Which is Better for Land Booms and Busts?," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2023-12, Apr, revised Apr 2024.
• Yoshitaka Ogisu, 2023, "Impacts and Distribution of Premiums from Temporal Social Networks across Generations," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2023-13, Jun.
• Achim Ahrens & Andreas Beerli & Dominik Hangartner & Selina Kurer & Michael Siegenthaler, 2023, "The Labor Market Effects of Restricting Refugees’ Employment Opportunities," KOF Working papers, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, number 22-510, Jan, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000595935.
• Reizer, Balázs & Gáspár, Attila, 2023, "Újabb hozzászólás az ismét elmaradt minimálbérvitához
  [A futher comment on the minimum wage debate]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), volume 0, issue 4, pages 365-380, DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2023.4.365.
• Balogh, Gábor & Szabó-Bálint, Brigitta & Uhrin, Anett, 2023, "A közgazdászhallgatók reális vagy irreális bérvárakozásait befolyásoló tényezők és a munkatapasztalat összefüggései
  [The factors influencing business students' realistic and unrealistic salary expectations and the impact of work experience]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), volume 0, issue 11, pages 1261-1287, DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2023.11.1261.
• Andrew Caplin & Victoria Gregory & Eungik Lee & Soeren Leth-Petersen & Johan Saeverud, 2023, "Subjective Earnings Risk," CEBI working paper series, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. The Center for Economic Behavior and Inequality (CEBI), number 23-01, Mar.
• Ana Celeste Ciupik & Maria Florencia Hutter & Natalia Porto, 2023, "Turismo Médico: Revisión sistematizada de la literatura y evidencia," Económica, Departamento de Economía, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, volume 69, pages 122-163, January-D, DOI: 10.24215/18521649e033.
• Jose Garcia-Louzao & Gabriel Burdin, 2023, "Employee Owned Firms and the Careers of Young Workers," Bank of Lithuania Working Paper Series, Bank of Lithuania, number 113, Jan.
• Jose Garcia-Louzao & Alessandro Ruggieri, 2023, "Labor Market Competition and Inequality," Bank of Lithuania Working Paper Series, Bank of Lithuania, number 117, Dec.
• Sophia Fauser & Michael Gebel, 2023, "Labour Market Dualism and the Heterogeneous Wage Gap for Temporary Employment. A Multilevel Study across 30 Countries," LIS Working papers, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg, number 853, Feb.
• Ilaria D'Angelis, 2024, "The Search for Parental Leave and the Early-Career Gender Wage Gap," Working Papers, University of Massachusetts Boston, Economics Department, number 2023-01, Dec.
• Nuno Palma & Guilherme Lambais, 2023, "African Slavery and the Reckoning of Brazil," Lewis Lab Working Papers Series, Arthur Lewis Lab, The University of Manchester, number 0001, Dec.
• Kek Jing Wen & Lai Wei Sieng, 2023, "Minimum Wage and Employment of Malaysian Low-skilled Workers," Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya & Malaysian Economic Association, volume 60, issue 2, pages 255-273, December, DOI: 10.22452/MJES.vol60no2.6.
• Thomas Benison & Trinh Le & Arthur Grimes, 2023, "Working for fun? The impact of employment in the arts sector on wellbeing," Motu Working Papers, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, number 23_09, Nov.
• Laura Connolly & Jennifer M. Connolly, 2023, "Understanding the Gender Wage Gap Among City Managers," Journal of Economic Insight, Missouri Valley Economic Association, volume 49, issue 2, pages 37-105.
• William J. Collins & Gregory T. Niemesh, 2024, "Income Gains and the Geography of the US Homeownership Boom, 1940 to 1960," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "The Economic History of American Inequality: New Evidence and Perspectives".
• Peter Q. Blair & Benjamin Posmanick, 2023, "Why Did Gender Wage Convergence in the United States Stall?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 30821, Jan.
• David Autor & David Dorn & Gordon H. Hanson, 2023, "Trading Places: Mobility Responses of Native and Foreign-Born Adults to the China Trade Shock," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 30904, Jan.
• Holden A. Diethorn & Gerald R. Marschke, 2023, "Task Mismatch and Salary Penalties: Evidence from the Biomedical PhD Labor Market," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 30919, Feb.
• Fatih Guvenen & Alisdair McKay & Conor B. Ryan, 2023, "A Tractable Income Process for Business Cycle Analysis," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 30959, Feb.
• Zoë Cullen, 2023, "Is Pay Transparency Good?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31060, Mar.
• Amy Finkelstein & Casey C. McQuillan & Owen M. Zidar & Eric Zwick, 2023, "The Health Wedge and Labor Market Inequality," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31091, Mar.
• Guido Menzio, 2023, "Search Theory of Imperfect Competition with Decreasing Returns to Scale," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31174, Apr.
• Garrett C. Taylor & James E. West, 2023, "Minimum Wage Effects Within Census Based Statistical Areas: A Matched Pair Cross-Border Analysis," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31196, Apr.
• William J. Collins & Gregory Niemesh, 2023, "Income Gains and the Geography of the US Home Ownership Boom, 1940 to 1960," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31249, May.
• Daniel Haanwinckel, 2023, "Supply, Demand, Institutions, and Firms: A Theory of Labor Market Sorting and the Wage Distribution," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31318, Jun.
• Stefania Albanesi & António Dias da Silva & Juan F. Jimeno & Ana Lamo & Alena Wabitsch, 2023, "New Technologies and Jobs in Europe," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31357, Jun.
• Joshua D. Gottlieb & David Hémous & Jeffrey Hicks & Morten G. Olsen, 2023, "The Spillover Effects of Top Income Inequality," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31366, Jun.
• George J. Borjas & Anthony Edo, 2023, "Monopsony, Efficiency, and the Regularization of Undocumented Immigrants," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31457, Jul.
• Joshua D. Gottlieb & Maria Polyakova & Kevin Rinz & Hugh Shiplett & Victoria Udalova, 2023, "Who Values Human Capitalists' Human Capital? The Earnings and Labor Supply of U.S. Physicians," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31469, Jul.
• Jonathan Heathcote & Fabrizio Perri & Giovanni L. Violante & Lichen Zhang, 2023, "More Unequal We Stand? Inequality Dynamics in the United States 1967–2021," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31486, Jul.
• Steven J. Davis & Pawel M. Krolikowski, 2023, "Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31528, Aug.
• DongIk Kang & Miles S. Kimball, 2023, "Seniority," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31563, Aug.
• David Card & Jesse Rothstein & Moises Yi, 2023, "Location, Location, Location," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31587, Aug.
• David Card & Jesse Rothstein & Moises Yi, 2023, "Industry Wage Differentials: A Firm-Based Approach," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31588, Aug.
• Xuwen Gao & Ran Song & Christopher Timmins & Fang Xia, 2023, "The Labor Market Consequences of Heat Exposure During Pregnancy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31684, Sep.
• Jose Maria Barrero & Nicholas Bloom & Steven J. Davis, 2023, "The Evolution of Work from Home," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31686, Sep.
• Francine D. Blau & Isaac Cohen & Matthew L. Comey & Lawrence Kahn & Nikolai Boboshko, 2023, "The Minimum Wage and Inequality Between Groups," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31725, Sep.
• Costas Cavounidis & Qingyuan Chai & Kevin Lang & Raghav Malhotra, 2023, "Obsolescence Rents: Teamsters, Truckers, and Impending Innovations," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31743, Sep.
• David Arnold & Kevin S. Milligan & Terry Moon & Amirhossein Tavakoli, 2023, "Job Transitions and Employee Earnings After Acquisitions: Linking Corporate and Worker Outcomes," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31866, Nov.
• Mathilde Muñoz, 2023, "International Trade Responses to Labor Market Regulations," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31876, Nov.
• Stefania Albanesi, 2023, "The Outlook for Women's Employment and Labor Force Participation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31916, Nov.
• Matthew S. Johnson & Kurt J. Lavetti & Michael Lipsitz, 2023, "The Labor Market Effects of Legal Restrictions on Worker Mobility," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31929, Dec.
• Yvonne Jie Chen & Deniz Dutz & Li Li & Sarah Moon & Edward J. Vytlacil & Songfa Zhong, 2023, "Eliciting Willingness-to-Pay to Decompose Beliefs and Preferences that Determine Selection into Competition in Lab Experiments," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31930, Dec.
• Xiao Cen & Winston Wei Dou & Leonid Kogan & Wei Wu, 2023, "Fund Flows and Income Risk of Fund Managers," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31986, Dec.
• Natália P. Monteiro & Odd Rune Straume, 2023, "Management, Performance And Pay," NIPE Working Papers, NIPE - Universidade do Minho, number 05/2023.
• Gabriele Lucchetti & Alessandro Ruggieri, 2023, "Unlucky migrants: Scarring effect of recessions on the assimilation of the foreign born," Discussion Papers, University of Nottingham, GEP, number 2023-09.
• D.Babet & O.Godechot & M.G. Palladino, 2023, "In the Land of AKM: Explaining the Dynamics of Wage Inequality in France," Documents de Travail de l'Insee - INSEE Working Papers, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, number 2023-20.
• Michela Vecchi & Catherine Robinson & Maja Savic & Marina Romiti, 2023, "Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch in the UK: Are Graduates' Skills a Good Fit for Their Jobs?," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, number 548, Mar.
• Cesar Barreto & Robert Grundke & Zeev Krill, 2023, "The cost of job loss in carbon-intensive sectors: Evidence from Germany," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1774, Nov, DOI: 10.1787/6f636d3b-en.
• Michael Koelle, 2023, "Addressing labour market challenges for sustainable and inclusive growth in Israel," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1787, Dec, DOI: 10.1787/dcdb1283-en.
• Andrew Green & Lucas Lamby, 2023, "The supply, demand and characteristics of the AI workforce across OECD countries," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 287, Feb, DOI: 10.1787/bb17314a-en.
• Carlotta Balestra & Donald Hirsch & Daniel Vaughan-Whitehead, 2023, "Living wages in context: A comparative analysis for OECD countries," OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities, OECD Publishing, number 13, Apr, DOI: 10.1787/2e622174-en.
• Fabrice Murtin & Vincent Siegerink, 2023, "Valuing business impacts in the areas of wage inequality and employee well-being," OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities, OECD Publishing, number 15, Jun, DOI: 10.1787/740deb2f-en.
• Oecd, 2023, "Economic insecurity in Europe and potential policy responses," OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity, OECD Publishing, number 14, Dec, DOI: 10.1787/4323bb60-en.
• Oecd, 2023, "Living wages in practice," OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity, OECD Publishing, number 8, Apr, DOI: 10.1787/699b3f9b-en.
• Zoltán Elekes & Anna Baranowska-Rataj & Rikard Eriksson, 2023, "Regional diversification and labour market upgrading: local access to skill-related high-income jobs helps workers escaping low-wage employment," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, volume 16, issue 3, pages 417-430.
• Christian Dustmann & Hyejin Ku & Tetyana Surovtseva, 2023, "Real Exchange Rates and the Earnings of Immigrants," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 134, issue 657, pages 271-294.
• Gary S Fields, 2023, "The Growth–Employment–Poverty Nexus in Africa," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, volume 32, issue Supplemen, pages 147-163.
• Marianna Belloc & Paolo Naticchioni & Claudia Vittori, 2023, "Urban wage premia, cost of living, and collective bargaining," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 23, issue 1, pages 25-50.
• Cem Özgüzel, 2023, "Agglomeration effects in a developing economy: evidence from Turkey," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 23, issue 4, pages 823-846.
• Alessia Matano & Paolo Naticchioni & Francesco Vona, 2023, "The institutional wage adjustment to import competition: evidence from the Italian collective bargaining system," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, volume 75, issue 3, pages 631-651.
• Benjamin Charles Adams, 2023, "The returns to returning to school," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 45, issue 4, pages 714-732, October, DOI: 10.1108/IJM-01-2023-0044.
• Begona Eguia & Carlos Rodriguez Gonzalez & Felipe Serrano, 2023, "Overeducation and scarring effects on the wages of young graduates," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 44, issue 4, pages 755-771, February, DOI: 10.1108/IJM-02-2022-0075.
• Jaan Masso & Priit Vahter, 2023, "Innovation as a firm-level factor of the gender wage gap," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 45, issue 3, pages 449-465, August, DOI: 10.1108/IJM-02-2023-0083.
• Emanuela Ghignoni & Francesco Pastore, 2023, "The gender wage gap in Egypt: public versus private sector," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 44, issue 8, pages 1511-1534, May, DOI: 10.1108/IJM-11-2022-0526.
• Aigerim Yergabulova & Dinara Alpysbayeva & Venkat Subramanian, 2023, "Wage dispersion and firm performance: evidence from Kazakhstan," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 45, issue 3, pages 425-448, July, DOI: 10.1108/IJM-11-2022-0542.
• Quoc Hung Nguyen, 2023, "Substitutability between older and younger workers and its implications for Japan," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 44, issue 8, pages 1472-1491, May, DOI: 10.1108/IJM-11-2022-0563.
• John Owusu-Afriyie & Priscilla Twumasi Baffour & William Baah-Boateng, 2023, "Estimating public and private sectors' union wage effects in Ghana: is there a disparity?," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 51, issue 9, pages 1109-1122, December, DOI: 10.1108/IJSE-01-2023-0045.
• Van Bon Nguyen, 2023, "The role of digitalization in the FDI – income inequality relationship in developed and developing countries," Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 28, issue 55, pages 6-26, April, DOI: 10.1108/JEFAS-09-2021-0189.
• Gaetano Lisi, 2023, "Mortgage market, wages and homeownership," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 51, issue 5, pages 979-992, October, DOI: 10.1108/JES-08-2023-0401.
• Corrado Andini & José Eusébio Santos, 2023, "Current earnings, persistence and schooling returns," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 51, issue 2, pages 319-337, June, DOI: 10.1108/JES-12-2022-0630.
• Gordon Anderson, 2023, "On Measuring ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ Income Inequality," Research on Economic Inequality, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "Mobility and Inequality Trends", DOI: 10.1108/S1049-258520230000030002.
• Nicole M. Fortin & Thomas Lemieux & Neil Lloyd, 2023, "Right-to-Work Laws, Unionization, and Wage Setting," Research in Labor Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "50th Celebratory Volume", DOI: 10.1108/S0147-912120230000050011.
• Nicolae Stef & Anthony Terriau, 2023, "Firing Notification Procedures and Wage Growth," Research in Law and Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "The Economics and Regulation of Digital Markets", DOI: 10.1108/S0193-589520240000031006.
• Ian Coxhead & Nguyen Dinh Tuan Vuong, 2023, "Does the Skill Premium Influence Educational Decisions? Evidence from Viet Nam," Working Papers, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), number DP-2023-03, May.
• M. Utku Özmen & Belgi Turan, 2023, "Two Birds, One Stone: Minimum Wage and Child Labor," Working Papers, Economic Research Forum, number 1682, Dec, revised 20 Dec 2023.
• Taiyo FUKAI & Daiji KAWAGUCHI & Ayako KONDO & Izumi YOKOYAMA, 2023, "How Do Firms Attain Internal and External Flexibility of Employment?," Discussion papers, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI), number 23089, Dec.
• Roberto Gallardo Del Angel, 2023, "Wage Income Distribution in Mexico: A Nonparametric Approach," Economía: teoría y práctica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México, volume 58, issue 1, pages 71-92, Enero-Jun, DOI: 10.24275/ETYPUAM/NE/582023/Gallardo.
• Thomas Vendryes & Jiaqi Zhan, 2023, "Hukou-Based Discrimination, Dialects and City Characteristics," Documents de recherche, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, number 23-04.
• Luke Haywood, 2023, "Gendered Effects of the Minimum Wage," UB School of Economics Working Papers, University of Barcelona School of Economics, number 2023/450.
• Hope Bodenschatz & Gerald Eric Daniels Jr. & Jeffrey P. Thompson, 2023, "Decomposing Lifetime-Earnings Differences between White, Black, and Hispanic Families," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 23-14, Oct, DOI: 10.29412/res.wp.2023.14.
• Steven J. Davis & Pawel Krolikowski, 2023, "Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 23-12, May, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202312.
• Adam Blandin & John Bailey Jones & Fang Yang, 2023, "Marriage and Work Among Prime-Age Men," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, number 2313, Aug, revised 15 Dec 2025, DOI: 10.24149/wp2313r1.
• Elira Kuka & Na’ama Shenhav, 2023, "Long-Run Effects of Incentivizing Work After Childbirth," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2023-27, Jun, DOI: 10.24148/wp2023-27.
• Anthony Barr & Darlene Booth-Bell & Kristen Broady & Ryan Perry, 2023, "The Covid-19 Pandemic Spurred Growth in Automation: What Does this Mean for Minority Workers?," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP 2023-06, Feb, DOI: 10.21033/wp-2023-06.
• Jason Brown & Colton Tousey, 2023, "When the Music Stops: Slowing Wage Growth May Lead to More Delinquent Debt," Economic Bulletin, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, pages 1-4, March.
• Oksana Leukhina, 2023, "The Changing Role of Family Income in College Selection and Beyond," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, volume 105, issue 3, pages 198-222, July, DOI: 10.20955/r.105.198-222.
• Andrew Caplin & Victoria Gregory & Eungik Lee & Soren Leth-Petersen & Johan Sæverud, 2023, "Subjective Earnings Risk," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2023-003, Mar, revised 25 Apr 2025, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2023.003.
• Serdar Birinci & Youngmin Park & Kurt See, 2023, "The Heterogeneous Impacts of Job Displacement: Evidence from Canadian Job Separation Records," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2023-022, Sep, revised 20 Oct 2025, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2023.022.
• Victoria Gregory & Elisabeth Harding, 2023, "Real Wage Growth at the Micro Level," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2023-024, Jul, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2023.024.
• Iacopo Morchio & Christian Moser, 2023, "The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 078, Sep, DOI: 10.21034/iwp.78.
• Jonathan Heathcote & Fabrizio Perri & Giovanni L. Violante & Lichen Zhang, 2023, "More Unequal We Stand? Inequality Dynamics in the United States, 1967–2021," Staff Report, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 648, Aug, DOI: 10.21034/sr.648.
• Zhifeng Cai & Jonathan Heathcote, 2023, "The Great Resignation and Optimal Unemployment Insurance," Staff Report, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 652, Oct, DOI: 10.21034/sr.652.
• Gizem Koşar & Wilbert Van der Klaauw, 2023, "Workers’ Perceptions of Earnings Growth and Employment Risk," Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 1056, Feb.
• Graham J. Abbott & Natee Amornsiripanitch & Paul Gompers & George Hu & Will Levinson & Vladimir Mukharlyamov, 2023, "Failing Just Fine: Assessing Careers of Venture Capital-backed Entrepreneurs via a Non-Wage Measure," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, number 23-17, Aug, DOI: 10.21799/frbp.wp.2023.17.
• Adam Blandin & John Bailey Jones & Fang Yang, 2023, "Marriage and Work among Prime-Age Men," Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, number 23-02, Jan, DOI: 10.21144/wp23-02.
• Eren GÃœRER & Osman KÜÇÜKÅžEN, 2023, "Calculating Optimal Nonlinear Taxes Using Censored Income Data," Fiscaoeconomia, Tubitak Ulakbim JournalPark (Dergipark), issue 2, DOI: 10.25295/fsecon.1266776.
• Ali Fuat CEYLAN & Ä°brahim TOKATLIOÄžLU, 2023, "Evaluation Of The Question Of “What Should Farmer Income Beâ€," Fiscaoeconomia, Tubitak Ulakbim JournalPark (Dergipark), issue 2, DOI: 10.25295/fsecon.1264850.
• Akif DÄ°NCER & Bahadır AYDIN, 2023, "Transformation of Capitalist Production Relations in Agriculture in the 100th Century of the Republic," Fiscaoeconomia, Tubitak Ulakbim JournalPark (Dergipark), issue s1, DOI: 10.25295/fsecon.1342634.
• Bram Timmermans & Joanna Tyrowicz & Lucas van der Velde, 2023, "(Gender) Tone at the top: the effects of gender board diversity on gender wage inequality in Europe," GRAPE Working Papers, GRAPE Group for Research in Applied Economics, number 89.
• Hubert Drazkowski & Bram Timmermans & Joanna Tyrowicz, 2023, "Gender board diversity spillovers and the public eye," GRAPE Working Papers, GRAPE Group for Research in Applied Economics, number 90.
• Marina Bonaccolto-Töpfer & Claus Schnabel, 2023, "Is There a Union Wage Premium in Germany and Which Workers Benefit Most?," Economies, MDPI, volume 11, issue 2, pages 1-14, February.
• Derick Almeida & Tiago Neves Sequeira, 2023, "Fertility choices, Demographics and Automation," CeBER Working Papers, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra, number 2023-05, Jun.
• Ana I. Moro Egido & Joaquin Naval & Jose I. Silva, 2023, "Part-time hours and wages," ThE Papers, Department of Economic Theory and Economic History of the University of Granada., number 23/06, Jun.
• Marie Connolly & Marie Melanie Fontaine & Catherine Haeck, 2023, "Child Penalties in Canada," Working Papers, Research Group on Human Capital, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, number 23-02, Mar.
• Bertrand Garbinti & Cecilia García-Peñalosa & Vladimir Pecheu & Frédérique Savignac, 2023, "Trends and Inequality in Lifetime Earnings in France," Institut des Politiques Publiques, HAL, number hal-04362081, Dec.
• Andrea Bassanini & Cyprien Batut & Eve Caroli, 2023, "Labor Market Concentration and Wages: Incumbents versus New Hires," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-04002685, Apr, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102338.
• Armanda Cetrulo & A. Sbardella & M E Virgillito, 2023, "Vanishing social classes? Facts and figures of the Italian labour market," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-04160017, Jan, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-022-00793-4.
• Mika Akesaka & Peter Eibich & Chie Hanaoka & Hitoshi Shigeoka, 2023, "Temporal Instability of Risk Preference Among the Poor: Evidence from Payday Cycles," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-04274725, DOI: 10.1257/app.20220073.
• Sandra Black & Paul Devereux & Fanny Landaud & Kjell Salvanes, 2023, "Where Does Wealth Come From? Measuring Lifetime Resources in Norway," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-04322081, Nov, DOI: 10.1257/jep.37.4.115.
• Anthony Terriau & Nicolae Stef, 2023, "Firing Notification Procedures and Wage Growth," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05470203, Dec, DOI: 10.1108/S0193-589520240000031006.
• Antoine Bozio & Thomas Breda & Malka Guillot, 2023, "Using payroll taxes as a redistribution tool," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-04353131, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104986.
• Antoine Bozio & Thomas Breda & Malka Guillot, 2023, "Using payroll taxes as a redistribution tool," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-04353131, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104986.
• Andrea Bassanini & Cyprien Batut & Eve Caroli, 2023, "Labor Market Concentration and Stayers'Wages: Evidence from France," PSE Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04244671, Oct.
• Olivier Godechot & Marco G Palladino & Damien Babet, 2023, "In the Land of AKM: Explaining the Dynamics of Wage Inequality in France," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-04319406, Dec.
• Clémence Berson & Pierre-Philippe Combes & Laurent Gobillon & Aurélie Sotura, 2023, "Time-Varying Agglomeration Economies and Aggregate Wage Growth," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-04346733, Dec.
• Marco Fongoni & Daniel Schaefer & Carl Singleton, 2023, "When are wages cut? The roles of incomplete contracts and employee involvement," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-03953201, Jan.
• Eliane El Badaoui & Olivier Bargain & Prudence Magejo & Eric Strobl & Frank Walsh, 2023, "A Search Model with Self-Employment and Heterogeneity in Managerial Ability," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04159859.
• Andrea Bassanini & Cyprien Batut & Eve Caroli, 2023, "Labor Market Concentration and Stayers'Wages: Evidence from France," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04244671, Oct.
• Thomas Vendryes & Jiaqi Zhan, 2023, "Hukou-Based Discrimination, Dialects and City Characteristics," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04247417.
• Olivier Godechot & Marco G Palladino & Damien Babet, 2023, "In the Land of AKM: Explaining the Dynamics of Wage Inequality in France," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04319406, Dec.
• Fanny Landaud & Eric Maurin & Barton Willage & Alexander Willén, 2023, "Getting Lucky: The Long-Term Consequences of Exam Luck," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04322121, Dec, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4036986.
• Clémence Berson & Pierre-Philippe Combes & Laurent Gobillon & Aurélie Sotura, 2023, "Time-Varying Agglomeration Economies and Aggregate Wage Growth," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04346733, Dec.
• Bertrand Garbinti & Cecilia García-Peñalosa & Vladimir Pecheu & Frédérique Savignac, 2023, "Trends and Inequality in Lifetime Earnings in France," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04362081, Dec.
• Karim M Abadir & Michel Lubrano, 2023, "Explicit solutions for the asymptotically-optimal bandwidth in cross validation," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04362137, Dec.
• George J. Borjas & Anthony Edo, 2023, "Monopsony, Efficiency, and the Regularization of Undocumented Immigrants," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-04960370, Jul.
• Clémence Berson & Pierre-Philippe Combes & Laurent Gobillon & Aurélie Sotura, 2023, "Time-Varying Agglomeration Economies and Aggregate Wage Growth," Sciences Po Economics Discussion Papers, HAL, number hal-04346733, Dec.
• Olga Takács & János Vincze, 2023, "Where is the pain the most acute? The market segments particularly affected by gender wage discrimination in Hungary," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 2304, Mar.
• Olga Takács & János Vincze, 2023, "Heterogeneous wage structure effects: a partial European East-West comparison," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 2305, Mar.
• Zoltán Elekes & Rikard Eriksson & Anna Baranowska-Rataj, 2023, "Regional diversification and labour market upgrading: Local access to skill-related high-income jobs helps workers escaping low-wage employment," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 2315, Jun.
• István boza & Dániel Horn, 2023, "Contribution of High School Heterogeneity to the Wage Variation of Young Workers," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 2330, Nov.
• Baum, Christopher F. & Lööf, Hans & Stephan, Andreas & Zimmermann, Klaus F., 2023, "Estimating the wage premia of refugee immigrants: Lessons from Sweden," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, number 496, Dec, revised 30 May 2024.
• Graetz, Georg, 2023, "Imperfect signals," Working Paper Series, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, number 2023:10, Apr.
• Bustos, Emil, 2023, "The Effect of Centrally Bargained Wages on Firm Growth," Working Paper Series, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, number 1456, Mar.
• Gardberg, Malin & Heyman, Fredrik & Tåg, Joacim, 2023, "Merger Synergies, Task Exposure, and Worker Careers," Working Paper Series, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, number 1457, Apr, revised 18 Jun 2026.
• Olsson, Martin & Tåg, Joacim, 2023, "From Wall Street to Work Floor: How Private Equity Buyouts Affect Workers," Working Paper Series, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, number 1475, Oct.
• Lark, Olga & Videnord, Josefin, 2023, "Do Exporters Import Gender Inequality?," Working Papers, Lund University, Department of Economics, number 2023:6, Apr.
• Dodini, Samuel & Salvanes, Kjell G. & Willén, Alexander & Zhu, Li, 2023, "The Career Effects of Union Membership," Discussion Paper Series in Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics, number 12/2023, May.
• Gavrilova, Evelina & Langørgen, Audun & Zoutman, Floris T., 2023, "Dynamic Causal Forests, with an Application to Payroll Tax Incidence in Norway," Discussion Papers, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science, number 2023/9, Jun.
• Brinca, Pedro & Duarte, João B. & Holter, Hans & Oliveira, João G., 2023, "Technological Change and Earnings Inequality in the U.S.: Implications for Optimal Taxation," Memorandum, Oslo University, Department of Economics, number 1/2023, Jan.
• Korpi, Martin & Halvarsson, Daniel, 2023, "City Size, Employer Concentration, and Wage Income Inequality," Ratio Working Papers, The Ratio Institute, number 363, May.
• Burbano, Vanessa C. & Folke, Olle & Meier, Stephan & Rickne, Johanna, 2023, "The Gender Gap in Meaningful Work," Working Paper Series, Stockholm University, Swedish Institute for Social Research, number 6/2023, Nov.
• Skoglund, William, 2023, "The Union Wage Effect at the Dawn of the Great Leveling: Evidence from Interwar Sweden," Uppsala Papers in Economic History, Uppsala University, Department of Economic History, number 2023/9, Dec, DOI: 10.33063/upeh.v2i.553.
• 殷, 婷 & YIN, Ting & 川田, 恵介 & KAWATA, Keisuke, 2023, "営利・非営利企業間賃金格差 : 介護産業を事例とする教師付き学習を用いた労働者間異質性の探索, Wage Differentials between For-Profit and Non-Profit Firms : A Case Study of the Nursing Care Industry in Japan," Economic Review, Hitotsubashi University, volume 74, issue 1-2, pages 2-2, October.
• Iwasaki, Ichiro & Satogami, Mihoko, 2023, "Gender Wage Gap in European Emerging Markets : A Meta-Analytic Perspective," CEI Working Paper Series, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 2022-07, Jan.
• HORIE, Norio & IWASAKI, Ichiro & KUPETS, Olga & MA, Xinxin & MIZOBATA, Satoshi & SATOGAMI, Mihoko, 2023, "Wage Functions in China and Eastern Europe : A Large-Scale Comparative Meta Analysis," CEI Working Paper Series, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 2022-08, Mar.
• LEE, Yong-Woo & SUN, Jae-Won, 2023, "Wage Differential Structure in Gender and Nationality : A Case of The Chosen Industrial Bank under Japanese Rule, 1920-1944," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, volume 64, issue 2, pages 86-108, December, DOI: 10.15057/hje.2023005.
• MA, Xinxin & LI, Yalan & IWASAKI, Ichiro, 2023, "The Hukou System and Wage Gap between Urban and Rural Migrant Workers in China : A Meta-Analysis," Discussion Paper Series, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 751, Dec.
• MA, Xinxin & CHENG, Jie, 2023, "The Impact of Trade Unions on the Gender Wage Gap : Evidence from China," Discussion Paper Series, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 752, Dec.
• HORIE, Norio & IWASAKI, Ichiro & KUPETS, Olga & MA, Xinxin & MIZOBATA, Satoshi & SATOGAMI, Mihoko, 2023, "Wage–Experience Profiles in China and Eastern Europe : A Large Meta-Analysis," RRC Working Paper Series, Russian Research Center, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 103, Dec.
• Peter Blair & Benjamin Posmanick, 2023, "Why Did Gender Wage Convergence in the United States Stall?," Working Papers, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group, number 2023-001, Jan.
• Bossler, Mario & Popp, Martin, 2023, "Labor Demand on a Tight Leash," IAB-Discussion Paper, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], number 202302, Feb, DOI: 10.48720/IAB.DP.2302.
• Peters, Jan Cornelius & Niebuhr, Annekatrin, 2023, "Accumulating valuable work experience: the importance of large firms and big cities," IAB-Discussion Paper, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], number 202304, Mar, DOI: 10.48720/IAB.DP.2304.