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Aggregate Confusion: The Divergence of ESG Ratings
[Corporate social responsibility and firm risk: theory and empirical evidence]

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Chibane, Messaoud & Joubrel, Mathieu, 2024. "The ESG-efficient frontier under ESG rating uncertainty," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  2. Danisman, Gamze Ozturk & Tarazi, Amine, 2024. "ESG activity and bank lending during financial crises," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
  3. Alex Edmans, 2023. "The end of ESG," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 52(1), pages 3-17, March.
  4. Frankovic, Ivan & Kolb, Benedikt, 2024. "The role of emission disclosure for the low-carbon transition," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  5. Jianzhi Wei & Xuesong He & Yawei Wu, 2025. "ESG Performance Empowers Financial Flexibility in Manufacturing Firms—Empirical Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-21, January.
  6. Liu, Xiangqiang & Yang, Qingqing & Wei, Kai & Dai, Peng-Fei, 2024. "ESG rating disagreement and idiosyncratic return volatility: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PB).
  7. Rajna Gibson Brandon & Simon Glossner & Philipp Krueger & Pedro Matos & Tom Steffen, 2022. "Do Responsible Investors Invest Responsibly? [Why and how investors use ESG information: evidence from a global survey]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(6), pages 1389-1432.
  8. Lien, Donald & Wang, Lie-Huey, 2025. "ESG peer spillover effect in supply chain: Evidence from Taiwan semiconductor industry," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  9. Bassen, Alexander & Kordsachia, Othar & Lopatta, Kerstin & Tan, Weiqiang, 2025. "Revenue alignment with the EU taxonomy regulation in developed markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  10. Li, Ruiqian & Tang, Xiaoxuan & Li, Muyao, 2025. "ESG-related comment letters and ESG rating disagreement," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 947-970.
  11. Zixuan Zhang & Zhenyu Ge, 2024. "Fishing in muddy water? Climate policy uncertainty and corporate greenwashing in environmental, social, and governance," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(6), pages 4191-4207, September.
  12. Nguyen, Quyen & Diaz-Rainey, Ivan & Kuruppuarachchi, Duminda, 2023. "In search of climate distress risk," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  13. Lucía Galicia-Sanguino & Rubén Lago-Balsalobre, 2025. "Is the ESG Score Part of the Set of Information Available to Investors? A Conditional Version of the Green Capital Asset Pricing Model," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, May.
  14. Bauer, Michael D. & Offner, Eric A. & Rudebusch, Glenn D., 2025. "Green stocks and monetary policy shocks: Evidence from Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
  15. Richard Yeaw Chong Seow, 2025. "Environmental, social, and governance reporting in family firms: The critical role of CEO attributes," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 70-87, January.
  16. Mundaca, Luis & Heintze, Jan-Niklas, 2024. "Banking on ecosystem services," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
  17. Mbanyele, William & Liu, Ying & Qu, Xinwei & Huang, Hongyun, 2025. "How does green industrial policy influence institutional investor ownership? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  18. Görgen, Maximilian & Jacob, Stefan & Rohleder, Martin & Wilkens, Marco, 2025. "The impact of ESG preferences on stock borrowing volumes and fees," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 85(PD).
  19. Mario Schuster & Julian Krüger & Rainer Lueg, 2025. "Physical climate risk: Stock price reactions to the historically most extreme European and United States heat waves since 1979," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(1), pages 1-21, January.
  20. Konrad Brodaczewski, 2026. "Implementation of ESG Principles in the Production and Distribution of Medical Devices to Improve the Quality of Medical Services and Social Responsibility," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(1), pages 757-768, January.
  21. McGee, Paraic & Sheenan, Lisa & Egan, Tom & O'Donohoe, Sheila, 2025. "Risk factor disclosure in green bond prospectuses and investor compensation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  22. Szymczak, Wiebke & Wagner, Simone A. & Busch, Timo, 2025. "Climate (in)action? The relationship between CEO early-life experiences and corporate climate policies," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
  23. Alam, Zinat & Hossain, Miran & Wang, Lingling, 2025. "The economic and cultural motives of green price premium," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(5).
  24. Parichat Sinlapates & Supawat Meeprom & Akkhaporn Kokkhangplu, 2026. "The moderating role of service and international diversifications on the relationship between ESG practice and firm performance in service businesses," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 20(1), pages 1-26, March.
  25. Horn, Matthias & Oehler, Andreas & Dabbous, Amal & Croutzet, Alexandre, 2025. "The relation between environmental awareness and stock returns," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  26. Boonlert Jitmaneeroj & Thosaporn Tonghui, 2026. "ESG and firm-specific risk: the moderating effects of corruption and economic development in Asia-Pacific emerging markets," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
  27. Xin, Baogui & Wang, Yuanrui & Peng, Wei & Tan, Hui & Kwon, Jiwon, 2026. "Advancing energy justice through ESG: The role of confucian culture and digital finance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  28. Cantero-Saiz, María & Polizzi, Salvatore & Scannella, Enzo, 2024. "ESG and asset quality in the banking industry: The moderating role of financial performance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  29. Ge, Xiaowen & Xue, Minggao & Cao, Ruiyi, 2024. "Do Chinese carbon-intensive stocks overreact to climate transition risk? Evidence from the COP26 news," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  30. Burke, Matt & Mohaddes, Kamiar & Raissi, Mehdi, 2026. "The Adaptation Imperative: Climate Change and Sovereign Credit Risk," INET Oxford Working Papers 2026-03, Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford.
  31. Shihao Yin & Zhongguo Lin & Panni Li & Binbin Peng, 2025. "Does environmental credit affect bank loans? Evidence from Chinese A‐share listed firms," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(2), pages 1225-1248, April.
  32. Liu, Xiangqiang & Liu, Jiayi & Liu, Jia & Zhai, Qiong, 2024. "Can investor-firm interactions mitigate ESG rating divergence? Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  33. Liu, An-Chi & Lien, Yung-Chih & Li, Yang, 2025. "An empirical investigation of ESG dimensions and bank performance: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
  34. Cartellier, Fanny & Tankov, Peter & Zerbib, Olivier David, 2025. "Can investors curb greenwashing?," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
  35. Řepová Miroslava & Lendel Viliam & Lendelová Lucie, 2025. "Sustainability in the European Automotive Sector: Approaches and Challenges," LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, Paradigm, vol. 16(1), pages 201-212.
  36. Gucciardi, Gianluca & Ossola, Elisa & Parisio, Lucia & Pelagatti, Matteo, 2025. "Common factors behind companies’ Environmental ratings," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  37. Francesco Cesarone & Lorenzo Lampariello & Davide Merolla & Jacopo Maria Ricci & Simone Sagratella & Valerio Giuseppe Sasso, 2023. "A bilevel approach to ESG multi-portfolio selection," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 1-23, December.
  38. Song, Yang & Li, Runfei & Zhang, Zhipeng & Sahut, Jean-Michel, 2024. "ESG performance and financial distress prediction of energy enterprises," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  39. Saumitra Bhaduri & Ekta Selarka, 2024. "How Green (performance) are the Indian Green Stocks – Myth Vs Reality," Working Papers 2024-263, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
  40. Costola, Michele & Vozian, Katia, 2025. "Pricing climate transition risk: Evidence from European corporate CDS," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  41. Xinyu Hao & Tingting Tian & Liang Dong & Christina W. Y. Wong & Kee-hung Lai, 2026. "Unmasking greenwashing in ESG disclosure: insights from evolutionary game analysis," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 356(1), pages 667-695, January.
  42. Ju, Chunhua & Fang, Xusheng & Shen, Zhonghua, 2025. "ESG rating divergence and stock price crash risk," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  43. Oehler, Andreas & Neuss, Charlotte, 2025. "ESG disclosure vs. ESG ratings: Consistent information value?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
  44. Ferriani, Fabrizio, 2023. "Issuing bonds during the Covid-19 pandemic: Was there an ESG premium?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  45. Vezeteu Cosmin-Dănuț & Stănciulescu Raluca-Ioana, 2024. "ESG Risks and Financial Performance. Analysis of Romanian-Listed Companies," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Paradigm, vol. 18(1), pages 2196-2210.
  46. Wang, Xue & Liu, Qingyuan, 2024. "Information disclosure and ESG rating disagreement: Evidence from green bond issuance in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  47. Mendiratta, Anita & Singh, Shveta & Yadav, Surendra S. & Mahajan, Arvind, 2026. "Relationship between firm value, environment, social, and governance – Strengths and controversies," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  48. Ruiying Liu & Yuchi Li & Zhanli Li, 2025. "What influenced the lack of diversity in CSR after the company's losses: evidence from topic modeling," Papers 2509.23424, arXiv.org.
  49. Cheng, Shi & Huang, Shan, 2024. "ESG combined score effects on stock performance of S&P 500-listed firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
  50. Tang, Tiantian & Guo, Jiahui & Zou, Liping & Luo, Lu, 2025. "ESG fund performance and fund manager trading strategy: Evidence from China," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  51. Papathanassiou, Chryssa & Nieto, María J., 2025. "Different shades of green: EU corporate disclosure rules and their effectiveness in limiting “greenwashing”," Occasional Paper Series 370, European Central Bank.
  52. Abdelghafar M. Elhady & Samaa Shohieb, 2025. "AI-driven sustainable finance: computational tools, ESG metrics, and global implementation," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-30, December.
  53. Black, Bernard & de Carvalho, Antonio Gledson & Kim, Woochan & Yurtoglu, B. Burcin, 2023. "How useful are commercial corporate governance ratings? Evidence from emerging markets," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  54. Xue, Mengzhe & Lu, Mengyuan & Du, Anna Min & Zheng, Bowen, 2025. "How do firms respond to climate change? Evidence based on ESG performance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
  55. Lucianna Cananà & Salvatore Vergine, 2026. "Markov-Modulated ESG Rating Dynamics under Exogenous Environmental Regimes," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 1-22, December.
  56. Chava, Sudheer & Efremenko, Polina & Salva, Carolina, 2026. "ESG and bond market resilience: Evidence from the Covid crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
  57. Phoebe Koundouri & Conrad Felix Michel Landis & Konstantinos Dellis & Angelos Plataniotis, 2025. "Integrating Sustainable Development Goals in Environmental, Social, and Governance Criteria and the Sustainability Transformation of the EU Business Sector," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 17(1), pages 381-399, October.
  58. de Villiers, Charl & Dumay, John & Farneti, Federica & Jia, Jing & Li, Zhongtian, 2025. "Reprint of: Does mandating corporate social and environmental disclosure improve social and environmental performance?: Broad-based evidence regarding the effectiveness of directive 2014/95/EU," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(1).
  59. Shimamura, Takuya & Tanaka, Yoshitaka & Managi, Shunsuke, 2025. "Evaluating the impact of report readability on ESG scores: A generative AI approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  60. Hornuf, Lars & Siemroth, Christoph, 2023. "A field experiment on attracting crowdfunders," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
  61. Liu, Lei & Wang, Hanlei & Chen, Si & Chen, Zhi, 2025. "Has the divergence in ESG ratings affected institutional shareholding?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  62. Tang, Iengchuo & Dias, Roshanthi & Mo, Di & Tian, Xiao, 2025. "When green turns brown: Green premium revisited," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
  63. Henrik Skaug Sætra, 2023. "The AI ESG protocol: Evaluating and disclosing the environment, social, and governance implications of artificial intelligence capabilities, assets, and activities," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(2), pages 1027-1037, April.
  64. An, Hui & Ran, Chenyang & Gao, Ya, 2025. "Does ESG information disclosure increase firm value? The mediation role of financing constraints in China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
  65. Marco Hernandez-Vega, 2025. "Corporate GHG Emissions and Financial Performance: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis of Sectoral Heterogeneity in Advanced and Emerging Economies," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-26, October.
  66. Zhou, Jian & Lei, Xiaodong, 2025. "ESG rating uncertainty and corporate financial misconduct," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  67. Christian Lohmann & Steffen Möllenhoff & Sebastian Lehner, 2025. "On the Relationship Between Financial Distress and ESG Scores," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(5), pages 6377-6401, September.
  68. Katarzyna Bilicka & Elisa Casi & Carol Seregni & Barbara M. B. Stage, 2025. "Tax Strategy Disclosure: A Greenwashing Mandate?," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 63(5), pages 1857-1915, December.
  69. Wu, Yuhui & Tian, Yanan & Han, Jie & Zhang, Zhilun, 2025. "Information or power? Financial infrastructure and carbon information disclosure," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
  70. Ashraf, Dawood & Rizwan, Muhammad Suhail & Raza, Muhammad Wajid, 2025. "Does compliance with screening standards affect the performance of firms?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  71. Wang, Shaolin & Wang, Jianli & Dong, Minghua & Li, Jingyuan, 2026. "Peer effects of corporate ESG practice: Incorporating the impact of ESG rating disagreement," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  72. Liu, Yishuang & Dong, Hanmin, 2026. "Barrier or driver: Patent thickets in the path of technological transition," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
  73. Tuukka Ylä-Anttila, 2026. "Selling sustainability: how ESG marketing overlooks moral complexity," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 31(1), pages 1-12, March.
  74. Zhang-Hangjian, Chen & Mengqing, Xu & Fei, Ren & Xiong, Xiong, 2025. "SDG performance and stock returns: Fresh insights from China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  75. Jun Xie & Yoshitaka Tanaka & Alexander Ryota Keeley & Hidemichi Fujii & Shunsuke Managi, 2023. "Do investors incorporate financial materiality? Remapping the environmental information in corporate sustainability reporting," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(6), pages 2924-2952, November.
  76. Agrawal, Sonakshi & Liu, Lisa Yao & Rajgopal, Shivaram & Sridharan, Suhas A. & Yan, Yifan & Yohn, Teri Lombardi, 2025. "ESG ratings of ESG index providers," Working Papers 363, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
  77. Omri Even-Tov & Guoman She & Lynn Linghuan Wang & Detian Yang, 2025. "How government procurement shapes corporate climate disclosures, commitments, and actions," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 1968-2014, June.
  78. Marie, Mohamed & Qi, Baolei & Elgammal, Mohammed & Elnahass, Marwa, 2024. "A more sustainable future: Can politically connected CEOs spur the nexus between ESG performance and firm financial performance?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
  79. Shira Cohen & Igor Kadach & Gaizka Ormazabal & Stefan Reichelstein, 2023. "Executive Compensation Tied to ESG Performance: International Evidence," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 61(3), pages 805-853, June.
  80. Si, Yuxiu & Wu, Gongliang, 2025. "ESG rating disagreement and supply chain bargaining power: evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  81. Tu, Qiang & Zuo, Limei & Liang, Anran & Yao, Ye & Liu, Diyi, 2025. "Does ESG rating divergence decrease enterprise productivity? Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(PB).
  82. Li, Suyang & Qiao, Lu & Ren, Boru & Wang, Zilong, 2025. "Financing sustainability: Sustainable institutional investors and bank loan access," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  83. Huang, June & Lu, Shirley, 2025. "Gender diversity performance and voluntary disclosure: Mind the (gender pay) gap," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
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  85. Bernardo Bortolotti & Giacomo Loss & Robert W. Zwieten, 2023. "The times are they a-changin’? Tracking sovereign wealth funds’ sustainable investing," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(3), pages 276-305, September.
  86. Vu Le Tran & Guillaume Coqueret, 2023. "ESG news spillovers across the value chain," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 52(4), pages 677-710, December.
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  90. Teti, Emanuele & Etro, Leonardo L. & Pausini, Lorenzo, 2024. "Does greenwashing affect Company's stock Price? Evidence from Europe," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
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  120. Eleonora P. Stancheva-Todorova, 2025. "Esg Ratings And Indexes: Benefits And Limitations," Economy & Business Journal, International Scientific Publications, Bulgaria, vol. 19(1), pages 64-81.
  121. Wang, Jianli & Wang, Shaolin & Dong, Minghua & Wang, Hongxia, 2024. "ESG rating disagreement and stock returns: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  122. Alona Bilokha & Mingying Cheng & Mengchuan Fu & Iftekhar Hasan, 2025. "Understanding CSR champions: a machine learning approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 347(1), pages 761-774, April.
  123. Luo, Runmei & Ye, Yong, 2024. "Do firms listen to the ESG voices of minority investors? Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  124. Chen, Jingpeng & Lin, Haiying, 2026. "Corporate digitalization and ESG rating divergence: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
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  126. Basse, Tobias & Desmyter, Steven & Saft, Danilo & Wegener, Christoph, 2023. "Leading indicators for the US housing market: New empirical evidence and thoughts about implications for risk managers and ESG investors," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  127. Tan, Ruipeng & Pan, Lulu, 2023. "ESG rating disagreement, external attention and stock return: Evidence from China," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
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  627. Najah Attig, 2024. "Relaxed Financial Constraints and Corporate Social Responsibility," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 189(1), pages 111-131, January.
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  633. Ullah, Muhammad & Qureshi, Qazi Ghulam Mustafa & Ullah, Hameed, 2025. "Does fostering inclusion in the workplace enhance corporate financial performance?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  634. Lorenzo Dal Maso & Laura Gianfagna & Federico Maglione & Nicola Lattanzi, 2024. "Going green: Environmental risk management, market value and performance," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(1), pages 122-132, January.
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  636. Zhang, Ruchuan & Li, Aijun & Wu, Xuenan & Wang, Yao, 2025. "Evaluating the corporate performance in sustainable development of China's listed companies: a new series-parallel structure based on network DEA and BoD models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
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  638. Amiraslani, Hami & Deller, Carolyn & Ittner, Christopher D. & Keusch, Thomas, 2025. "Board risk oversight and environmental and social performance," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(2).
  639. Vinogradova, Veronika & Gubareva, Mariya, 2026. "Are impact crypto assets a new emerging asset class for sustainable and impact investors?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  640. Carina Cuculiza & Alok Kumar & Wei Xin & Chendi Zhang, 2026. "Temperature Sensitivity, Mispricing, and Predictable Returns," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(3), pages 1918-1958, March.
  641. Peter Iliev & Lukas Roth, 2023. "Director Expertise and Corporate Sustainability," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(6), pages 2085-2123.
  642. Rehman, Atiqa & Gonenc, Halit & Hermes, Niels, 2023. "Corporate social performance of family firms and shareholder protection: An international analysis," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 14(2).
  643. Benjamin Stimpson & Sarah Raymond & Joseph Bull & E. J. Milner‐Gulland, 2026. "A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Comparability Between Corporate Biodiversity Impact Accounting Tools," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(3), pages 4510-4520, March.
  644. ChangYi Zhu & Alexandra Simón Villar & BingBing Ge, 2026. "Environmental, Social, and Governance in Family Firms: A Bibliometric Review and Agenda for Future Research," Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(2), pages 593-613, April.
  645. Caterina Lucarelli & Sabrina Severini, 2024. "Anatomy of the chimera: Environmental, Social, and Governance ratings beyond the myth," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5), pages 4198-4217, July.
  646. Han, Hope H. & Lee, Jiyoon & Wang, Boxian, 2023. "Greenhouse gas emissions, firm value, and the investor base: Evidence from Korea," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
  647. Chen, Rongda & Wang, Maochuan & Yi, Yuyang & Gao, Yuanhao, 2026. "Democratizing corporate governance: How retail investors’ ESG attention reduces ESG-washing," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  648. Sirin, Selahattin Murat & Yilmaz, Berna N., 2024. "Energy transition and non-energy firms’ financial performance: Do markets value capability-based energy transition strategies?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  649. Xidonas, Panos & Corrente, Salvatore & Samitas, Aristeidis & Lekkos, Ilias, 2026. "On sovereign sustainability assessment: A multiple criteria decision aiding approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 331(2), pages 570-586.
  650. Gai, Lorenzo & Bellucci, Marco & Biggeri, Mario & Ferrone, Lucia & Ielasi, Federica, 2023. "Banks’ ESG disclosure: A new scoring model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
  651. D'Souza, Reagan & Ho, Choy Yeing (Chloe) & Yang, Joey W., 2024. "The cost of corporate social irresponsibility for acquirers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
  652. Wang, Shuangshi & Yan, Cheng & Zhao, Yuqian, 2024. "Technological peer pressure and corporate sustainability," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
  653. Iulia Lupu & Gheorghe Hurduzeu & Gabriela tigu & Georgiana Cosoveanu & Radu Ion Filip, 2025. "ESG Reporting and Systemic Risk: Evidence from European Markets," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 27(70), pages 869-869, August.
  654. Muchenje, Linda Tinofirei & Coupe, Tom & Dang, Huong Dieu, 2025. "Credit development and ESG performance: Cross-country evidence," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  655. Mustafa Tevfik Kartal & Serpil Kılıç Depren & Ugur Korkut Pata & Dilvin Taşkın & Tuba Şavlı, 2024. "Modeling the link between environmental, social, and governance disclosures and scores: the case of publicly traded companies in the Borsa Istanbul Sustainability Index," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-20, December.
  656. Zhihong Mao & Siyang Wang & Yu‐En Lin, 2024. "ESG, ESG rating divergence and earnings management: Evidence from China," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 3328-3347, July.
  657. Bauckloh, Tobias & Dobrick, Juris & Höck, André & Utz, Sebastian & Wagner, Marcus, 2024. "In partnership for the goals? The level of agreement between SDG ratings," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 664-678.
  658. Wang, Xi & Xie, Huobao & Li, Jingyuan & Liu, Xiaolong, 2025. "The effect of ESG performance on value creation of strategic alliances," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  659. Matthias Horn, 2023. "The Influence of ESG Ratings On Idiosyncratic Stock Risk: The Unrated, the Good, the Bad, and the Sinners," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 75(3), pages 415-442, September.
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  661. Mavruk, Taylan, 2025. "Local CSR, local ownership and firm value," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  662. Huang, Chenchen & Luo, Di & Mukherjee, Soumyatanu & Mishra, Tapas, 2022. "To Acquire or to Ally? Managing Partners’ Environmental Risk in International Expansion," MPRA Paper 121808, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 07 Jan 2023.
  663. Fuxiu Jiang & Jia Ma & Xiaojia Zheng, 2025. "Multiple large shareholders and ESG performance: Evidence from the cost‐sharing and resource‐provision view," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 65(2), pages 1309-1346, June.
  664. Wahyu Jatmiko & Houcem Smaoui & Nur Dhani Hendranastiti, 2025. "Competing Institutional Logics in Corporate ESG: Evidence From Developing Countries," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(5), pages 6184-6209, July.
  665. Davidescu Adriana Anamaria & Bîrlan Ioana & Manta Eduard Mihai & Geambaşu Cristina Maria, 2025. "Artificial Intelligence in ESG and Sustainable Finance: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Paradigm, vol. 19(1), pages 1506-1517.
  666. Drobetz, Wolfgang & El Ghoul, Sadok & Guedhami, Omrane & Hackmann, Jan P. & Momtaz, Paul P., 2024. "Entrepreneurial finance and sustainability: Do institutional investors impact the ESG performance of SMEs?," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
  667. Lee, Sunwoo, 2026. "When Does ESG Lose Value Relevance? A Discount-Rate Threshold in Korea," MPRA Paper 129220, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  668. Cauthorn, Thomas & Dumrose, Maurice & Eckert, Julia & Klein, Christian & Zwergel, Bernhard, 2023. "Rating changes revisited: New evidence on short-term ESG momentum," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
  669. Adil Haniev, 2024. "Intangible Assets and US Stock Returns: An analysis using the Index Method, Panel Regression, and Machine Learning," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 23(3), pages 833-854.
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  675. Galema, Rients & Gerritsen, Dirk, 2025. "ESG rating changes and stock returns," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  676. Misev, Marina A. & Balles, Patrick, 2024. "Natural Disasters, Investor Attention, and Non-Fundamental Green Asset Demand," Working papers 2024/07, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.
  677. Li, Zhanli & Yang, Zichao, 2025. "ESG rating disagreement and corporate Total Factor Productivity: Inference and prediction," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  678. Emilija Popovska & Marko Košak, 2025. "Stability of the euro area banking sector since the SSM implementation: deriving ABSI with ESG component included," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(3), pages 474-502, September.
  679. Becker, Annette & Fatica, Serena & Rancan, Michela, 2025. "Not only green: Sustainability and debt capital markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  680. Ricci, Ornella & Santilli, Gianluca & Scardozzi, Giulia & Stentella Lopes, Francesco Saverio, 2024. "ESG resilience in conflictual times," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
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  684. Mohammad Hariri, 2026. "Financial and Socio-Environmental Returns in Saudi Impact Funds: Synergies Versus Trade-Offs," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 18(3), pages 1-84, March.
  685. Hoffmann, Sergio & D’Ecclesia, Rita Laura, 2026. "Measuring national sustainability: ESG scores from corporate data," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
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