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A Sustainable Capital Asset Pricing Model (S-CAPM): Evidence from Environmental Integration and Sin Stock Exclusion
[Asset pricing with liquidity risk]

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  • Olivier David Zerbib

Abstract

This article shows how sustainable investing—through the joint practice of exclusionary screening and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) integration—affects asset returns. I develop an asset pricing model with partial segmentation and heterogeneous preferences. I characterize two exclusion premia generalizing Merton’s (1987) premium on neglected stocks and a taste premium that clarifies the relationship between ESG and financial performance. Focusing on US stocks, I estimate the model by applying it to sin stocks as excluded assets and using the holdings of green funds to proxy for environmental integration. The average annual exclusion effect is 2.79% for the period 1999–2019. Although the annual taste effect ranges from –1.12% to + 0.14% across industries for 2007–19, the taste effect spread between the top and bottom terciles of companies within each industry can exceed 2% per year. Finally, I estimate and explain the dynamics of these premia.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier David Zerbib, 2022. "A Sustainable Capital Asset Pricing Model (S-CAPM): Evidence from Environmental Integration and Sin Stock Exclusion [Asset pricing with liquidity risk]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(6), pages 1345-1388.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:revfin:v:26:y:2022:i:6:p:1345-1388.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rof/rfac045
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    Cited by:

    1. Eduardo C. Garrido-Merch'an & Gabriel Gonz'alez Piris & Maria Coronado Vaca, 2023. "Bayesian Optimization of ESG Financial Investments," Papers 2303.01485, arXiv.org.
    2. Xiaozhen Jing & Dezhong Xu & Bin Li & Tarlok Singh, 2024. "Does the U.S. extreme indicator matter in stock markets? International evidence," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-27, December.
    3. Eom, Yunsung & Kang, Young Dae & Sohn, Wook, 2024. "Is the Korean green premium in equilibrium?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 245-260.
    4. Pástor, Ľuboš & Stambaugh, Robert F. & Taylor, Lucian A., 2022. "Dissecting green returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 403-424.
    5. Faccini, Renato & Matin, Rastin & Skiadopoulos, George, 2023. "Dissecting climate risks: Are they reflected in stock prices?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    6. Horn, Matthias & Oehler, Andreas, 2024. "Constructing stock portfolios by sorting on ESG ratings: Does the rating provider matter?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    7. Quaye, Enoch & Tunaru, Diana & Tunaru, Radu, 2024. "Green-adjusted share prices: A comparison between standard investors and investors with green preferences," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    8. Wang, Ren & Bian, Yuxiang & Xiong, Xiong, 2024. "Impact of ESG preferences on investments and emissions in a DSGE framework," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Esparcia, Carlos & Diaz, Antonio & Alonso, Daniel, 2023. "How important is green awareness in energy investment decisions? An environmentally-based rebalancing portfolio study," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    10. Ved Dilip Beloskar & S. V. D. Nageswara Rao, 2024. "Screening activity matters: Evidence from ESG portfolio performance from an emerging market," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(3), pages 2593-2619, July.
    11. Díaz, Antonio & Escribano, Ana & Esparcia, Carlos, 2024. "Sustainable risk preferences on asset allocation: a higher order optimal portfolio study," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    12. Saumitra Bhaduri & Ekta Selarka, 2024. "How Green (performance) are the Indian Green Stocks – Myth Vs Reality," Working Papers 2024-263, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    13. Alessi, Lucia & Ossola, Elisa & Panzica, Roberto, 2023. "When do investors go green? Evidence from a time-varying asset-pricing model," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    14. Bucher-Koenen, Tabea & Herforth, Anna-Lena & Kirschenmann, Karolin & Ravanbakhshhabibabadi, Monireh, 2025. "Financing the green transition: The role of private capital," ZEW policy briefs 04/2025, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    15. Coqueret, Guillaume & Giroux, Thomas & Zerbib, Olivier David, 2025. "The biodiversity premium," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    16. Rojo-Suárez, Javier & Alonso-Conde, Ana B., 2024. "Have shifts in investor tastes led the market portfolio to capture ESG preferences?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    17. Rojo-Suárez, Javier & Alonso-Conde, Ana B. & Gonzalez-Ruiz, Juan David, 2024. "Does sustainability improve financial performance? An analysis of Latin American oil and gas firms," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    18. Chollete, Lorán & Hughen, Keener & Lu, Ching-Chih & Peng, Weijia, 2024. "Assessing the volatility of green firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    19. Banerjee, Rhythm, 2024. "Shifting Tides: the Effect of Institutional Divestments on the Global Market," MPRA Paper 121922, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Apr 2024.
    20. W. Brent Lindquist & Svetlozar T. Rachev & Jagdish Gnawali & Frank J. Fabozzi, 2024. "Dynamic Asset Pricing in a Unified Bachelier-Black-Scholes-Merton Model," Papers 2405.12479, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2024.
    21. Mohammed Hamdan & Pedro Fernandez Calavia & Nasir Aminu, 2024. "Wealth and familiarity bias: sin stocks investment in Europe," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(7), pages 714-725, December.
    22. Christophe Boucher & Wassim Le Lann & Stéphane Matton & Sessi Tokpavi, 2024. "Are ESG ratings informative to forecast idiosyncratic risk?," Working Papers hal-04140193, HAL.
    23. Fricke, Daniel & Meinerding, Christoph, 2024. "Who pays the greenium and why? A decomposition," Discussion Papers 41/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    24. Díaz, Antonio & Esparcia, Carlos & Alonso, Daniel & Alonso, Maria-Teresa, 2024. "Portfolio management of ESG-labeled energy companies based on PTV and ESG factors," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    25. Michele Costa, 2023. "The evaluation of the effects of ESG scores on financial markets," Working Papers wp1189, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sustainable finance; Asset pricing; ESG; Sin stocks;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

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