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Christian Bernhard Mulder

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Working papers

  1. Aideen Morahan & Mr. Christian B. Mulder, 2013. "Survey of Reserve Managers: Lessons from the Crisis," IMF Working Papers 2013/099, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Bradley Jones, 2018. "Central Bank Reserve Management and International Financial Stability—Some Post-Crisis Reflections," IMF Working Papers 2018/031, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Mario Alejandro Acosta R., 2014. "Las acciones como activo de reserva para el Banco de la República," Documentos CEDE 11004, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    3. Igor S. Ivanchenko & Dennis Danso Osei, 2018. "Optimization of the Russian Gold and Foreign Exchange Reserves Structure Using the Black-Litterman Model," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 1, pages 26-38, February.
    4. Delphine Lahet & Stéphanie Prat, 2021. "Internationalisation of emerging market currencies and original sin: Empirical evidence," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(7), pages 1973-2003, July.
    5. Torinelli, Viviane Helena & Silva Júnior, Antônio Francisco de Almeida da, 2021. "Environmental risk analysis (ERA) in the strategic asset allocation (SAA) of the international reserves (IRs) managed by central banks (CBs)," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(1).
    6. Fabio Filipozzi & Kersti Harkmann, 2014. "Currency hedge – walking on the edge?," Bank of Estonia Working Papers wp2014-5, Bank of Estonia, revised 10 Oct 2014.
    7. Marie Briere & Valérie Mignon & Kim Oosterlinck & Ariane Szafarz, 2015. "Towards Greater Diversification in Central Bank Reserves," Working Papers CEB 15-051, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    8. Alina Iancu & Gareth Anderson & Sakai Ando & Ethan Boswell & Andrea Gamba & Shushanik Hakobyan & Lusine Lusinyan & Neil Meads & Yiqun Wu, 2022. "Reserve Currencies in an Evolving International Monetary System," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 33(5), pages 879-915, November.

  2. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Amadou N Sy & Miss Yinqiu Lu & Mr. Udaibir S Das, 2009. "Setting Up a Sovereign Wealth Fund: Some Policy and Operational Considerations," IMF Working Papers 2009/179, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Reiche, Danyel, 2010. "Sovereign wealth funds as a new instrument of climate protection policy? A case study of Norway as a pioneer of ethical guidelines for investment policy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3569-3577.
    2. Ahmet Burçin YERELİ & İlker YAMAN, 2017. "Ulusal Varlık Fonlarını Anlamak: Fırsat Mı, Tehdit Mi?," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 25(34).
    3. Wang, Xue & Bohn, Frank, 2019. "Pension reserve fund, political budget cycles and fiscal illusion," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 62-73.
    4. Mariusz Jarmuzek & Diego Mesa Puyo & Najla Nakhle, 2014. "Designing a Fiscal Framework for a Prospective Commodity Producer: Options for Lebanon," IMF Working Papers 2014/193, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Cai, Mingchao & Chen, Zhihong, 2019. "Does country background risk matter to the strategic asset allocation of sovereign wealth funds?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    6. Ouoba, Youmanli, 2020. "Natural resources fund types and capital accumulation: A comparative analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    7. Ms. Xin C Xu & Ahmed El-Ashram & Judith Gold, 2015. "Too Much of a Good Thing? Prudent Management of Inflows under Economic Citizenship Programs," IMF Working Papers 2015/093, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Jeanne Amar & Christelle Lecourt & Valerie Kinon, 2018. "Is the emergence of new sovereign wealth funds a fashion phenomenon?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 154(4), pages 835-873, November.
    9. I. Anthopoulos & C. Pitelis & C. Liakou, 2016. "The Nature, Performance and Economic Impact of Sovereign Wealth Funds," Working papers wpaper135, Financialisation, Economy, Society & Sustainable Development (FESSUD) Project.
    10. Iva Petrova & Jukka Pihlman & Mr. Peter J Kunzel & Miss Yinqiu Lu, 2011. "Investment Objectives of Sovereign Wealth Funds: A Shifting Paradigm," IMF Working Papers 2011/019, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Iacono, Roberto, 2015. "The Basilicata Wealth Fund: resource policy and long-run economic development in Southern Italy," MPRA Paper 66393, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Abdullah Al-Hassan & Mr. Michael G. Papaioannou & Martin Skancke & Cheng Chih Sung, 2013. "Sovereign Wealth Funds: Aspects of Governance Structures and Investment Management," IMF Working Papers 2013/231, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Bahgat, Gawdat, 2011. "Sovereign wealth funds in the Gulf - an assessment," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 55015, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    14. -, 2014. "Multi-dimensional Review of Uruguay. Volume 1: initial assessment," Coediciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 37080 edited by Cepal, July.
    15. Aaron Howard Clifford Brown & Mr. Michael G. Papaioannou & Iva Petrova, 2010. "Macrofinancial Linkages of the Strategic Asset Allocation of Commodity-Based Sovereign Wealth Funds," IMF Working Papers 2010/009, International Monetary Fund.
    16. Marco Mele, 2014. "On Asset Allocation’ Studies for Sovereign Wealth Funds," International Journal of Financial Economics, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 2(4), pages 169-180.
    17. Ashby H B Monk, 2011. "Sovereignty in the Era of Global Capitalism: The Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Power of Finance," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(8), pages 1813-1832, August.

  3. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Phil De Imus & Ms. L. Effie Psalida & Jeanne Gobat & Mr. R. B. Johnston & Mr. Mangal Goswami & Mr. Francisco F. Vazquez, 2009. "Addressing Information Gaps," IMF Staff Position Notes 2009/006, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Michael G. Plummer, 2010. "Regional Monitoring of Capital Flows and Coordination of Financial Regulation: Stakes and Options for Asia," Working Papers id:3008, eSocialSciences.
    2. Mr. Stijn Claessens & Mr. Luc Laeven & Ms. Deniz O Igan & Mr. Giovanni Dell'Ariccia, 2010. "Lessons and Policy Implications from the Global Financial Crisis," IMF Working Papers 2010/044, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Monica Billio & Mila Getmansky & Andrew W. Lo & Loriana Pelizzon, 2010. "Econometric Measures of Systemic Risk in the Finance and Insurance Sectors," NBER Working Papers 16223, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Mr. Robert M Heath, 2013. "Why are the G-20 Data Gaps Initiative and the SDDS Plus Relevant for Financial Stability Analysis?," IMF Working Papers 2013/006, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Robert Heath, 2013. "Why Are The G-20 Data Gaps Initiative And The Sdds Plus Relevant For Financial Stability Analysis?," Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy (JICEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 4(03), pages 1-24.
    6. Paola Bongini & Laura Nieri, 2014. "Identifying and Regulating Systemically Important Financial Institutions," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 43(1), pages 39-62, February.

  4. Mr. Andrew J Tiffin & Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Charalambos Christofides, 2003. "The Link Between Adherence to International Standards of Good Practice, Foreign Exchange Spreads, and Ratings," IMF Working Papers 2003/074, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Barry Eichengreen, 2009. "From the Asian crisis to the global credit crisis: reforming the international financial architecture redux," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Richard Podpiera, 2004. "Does Compliance with Basel Core Principles Bring Any Measurable Benefits?," IMF Working Papers 2004/204, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Benu Schneider, 2005. "Do Global Standards And Codes Prevent Financial Crises? Some Proposals On Modifying The Standards-Based Approach," UNCTAD Discussion Papers 177, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    4. Mr. John Cady, 2004. "Does Sdds Subscription Reduce Borrowing Costs for Emerging Market Economies," IMF Working Papers 2004/058, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Ramzi Mallat & Duc Khuong Nguyen, 2007. "Does Macroeconomic Transparency Help Governments Be Solvent? Evidence from Recent Data," Working Papers 03, Development and Policies Research Center (DEPOCEN), Vietnam.
    6. Mike Seiferling, 2020. "Apples, oranges and lemons: public sector debt statistics in the 21st century," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-17, December.
    7. Mr. M. Nowak & Mr. Ketil Hviding & Mr. Luca A Ricci, 2004. "Can Higher Reserves Help Reduce Exchange Rate Volatility?," IMF Working Papers 2004/189, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Maltritz, Dominik & Molchanov, Alexander, 2014. "Country credit risk determinants with model uncertainty," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 224-234.
    9. Tehou Tekeng, Yves & Sharaf, Mesbah, 2015. "Fiscal Transparency, Measurement and Determinants: Evidence from 27 Developing Countries," Working Papers 2015-2, University of Alberta, Department of Economics.
    10. Mr. John Cady & Mr. Anthony J. Pellechio, 2006. "Sovereign Borrowing Cost and the IMF’s Data Standards Initiatives," IMF Working Papers 2006/078, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Tajul Ariffin Masron & Zulkornain Yusop, 2009. "Reserve Pooling And Its Implication On Optimum Currency Area In Asean," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 54(02), pages 299-312.
    12. Mr. Julio Escolano & Ms. Elif C Arbatli Saxegaard, 2012. "Fiscal Transparency, Fiscal Performance and Credit Ratings," IMF Working Papers 2012/156, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Mr. Stanley B Watt & Mr. Donal McGettigan & Mr. Saade Chami, 2007. "Jordan’s International Reserve Position: Justifiably Strong," IMF Working Papers 2007/103, International Monetary Fund.
    14. Mr. Jesus R Gonzalez-Garcia & Mr. John Cady, 2006. "The IMF’s Reserves Template and Nominal Exchange Rate Volatility," IMF Working Papers 2006/274, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Choi, Sangyup & Hashimoto, Yuko, 2018. "Does transparency pay? Evidence from IMF data transparency policy reforms and emerging market sovereign bond spreads," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 171-190.
    16. Yongseok Shin & Ms. Rachel Glennerster, 2003. "Is Transparency Good for You, and Can the IMF Help?," IMF Working Papers 2003/132, International Monetary Fund.
    17. Maltritz, Dominik & Molchanov, Alexander, 2013. "Analyzing determinants of bond yield spreads with Bayesian Model Averaging," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 5275-5284.
    18. Dingzu Zhang & Xingjie Shen & Cong Peng, 2022. "National Audit, Media Attention, and Efficiency of Local Fiscal Expenditure: A Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-24, December.

  5. Mr. Manuel De la Rocha & Mr. Roberto Perrelli & Mr. Christian B. Mulder, 2002. "The Role of Corporate, Legal and Macroeconomic Balance Sheet Indicators in Crisis Detection and Prevention," IMF Working Papers 2002/059, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Frankel, Jeffrey A. & Saravelos, George, 2012. "Can Leading Indicators Assess Country Vulnerability? Evidence from the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis," Scholarly Articles 9642637, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
    2. Frankel, Jeffrey, 2005. "Contractionary Currency Crashes In Developing Countries," Working Paper Series rwp05-017, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    3. Ganguly, Srideep & Breuer, Janice Boucher, 2010. "Nominal exchange rate volatility, relative price volatility, and the real exchange rate," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 840-856, September.
    4. Francisco Pérez-Bermejo & Simón Sosvilla-Rivero, "undated". "Currency Crises and Political Factors: Drawing Lessons from the EMS Experience," Working Papers 2004-04, FEDEA.
    5. Hasan Vergil & Erdogan Teyyare, 2017. "Crisis, Institutional Quality and Economic Growth," Bogazici Journal, Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, Bogazici University, Department of Economics, vol. 31(2), pages 1-19.
    6. Frankel, Jeffrey, 2010. "Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets," Handbook of Monetary Economics, in: Benjamin M. Friedman & Michael Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Monetary Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 25, pages 1439-1520, Elsevier.
    7. Kinga Niemczak, 2013. "Corporate Debt And Crisis Severity In Europe," "e-Finanse", University of Information Technology and Management, Institute of Financial Research and Analysis, vol. 9(1), pages 35-43, May.
    8. Mr. Andrew Berg & Mr. Eduardo Borensztein & Ms. Catherine A Pattillo, 2004. "Assessing Early Warning Systems: How Have they Worked in Practice?," IMF Working Papers 2004/052, International Monetary Fund.
    9. Shimpalee, Pattama L. & Breuer, Janice Boucher, 2007. "An event study of institutions and currency crises," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 274-290.
    10. Mr. Brad Setser & Nouriel Roubini & Mr. Christian Keller & Mr. Mark Allen & Mr. Christoph B. Rosenberg, 2002. "A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis," IMF Working Papers 2002/210, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Mr. M. Nowak & Mr. Ketil Hviding & Mr. Luca A Ricci, 2004. "Can Higher Reserves Help Reduce Exchange Rate Volatility?," IMF Working Papers 2004/189, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Arias, Guillaume & Erlandsson, Ulf, 2004. "Regime switching as an alternative early warning system of currency crises - an application to South-East Asia," Working Papers 2004:11, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    13. Agustinus, Prasetyantoko, 2007. "Corporate Responses to Currency Depreciations: Evidence from Indonesia," MPRA Paper 6502, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Mr. Anthony J. Pellechio & Mr. Johan Mathisen, 2006. "Using the Balance Sheet Approach in Surveillance: Framework, Data Sources, and Data Availability," IMF Working Papers 2006/100, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Jeffrey A. Frankel & George Saravelos, 2010. "Are Leading Indicators of Financial Crises Useful for Assessing Country Vulnerability? Evidence from the 2008-09 Global Crisis," NBER Working Papers 16047, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Mr. Mark R. Stone & E. P. Davis, 2004. "Corporate Financial Structure and Financial Stability," IMF Working Papers 2004/124, International Monetary Fund.
    17. Asli GUNAY & Kivilcim METIN-OZCAN & Umit OZLALE, 2001. "Measuring the Probability of Crises in the Turkish Economy," Middle East and North Africa 330400032, EcoMod.
    18. Mohammad Afzal, 2010. "Exchange Rate and Reserves in Asian Countries: Causality Test," Global Economic Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 215-223.
    19. Roberto Savona & Marika Vezzoli, 2015. "Fitting and Forecasting Sovereign Defaults using Multiple Risk Signals," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 77(1), pages 66-92, February.
    20. Ms. Chikako Oka, 2003. "Anticipating Arrears to the IMF Early Warning Systems," IMF Working Papers 2003/018, International Monetary Fund.
    21. Mr. Andrew J Tiffin & Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Charalambos Christofides, 2003. "The Link Between Adherence to International Standards of Good Practice, Foreign Exchange Spreads, and Ratings," IMF Working Papers 2003/074, International Monetary Fund.
    22. Ms. Maria Gonzalez, 2012. "Nonfinancial Firms in Latin America: A Source of Vulnerability?," IMF Working Papers 2012/279, International Monetary Fund.
    23. Željka Asanović, 2017. "Predicting Systemic Banking Crises Using Early Warning Models: The Case of Montenegro," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 6(3), pages 157-182.
    24. Ramkishen S. Rajan, 2007. "Managing new-style currency crises: the swan diagram approach revisited," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(5), pages 583-606.
    25. Željka Asanović, 2013. "Early Warning Systems for Banking Crises in Montenegro: Combination of Signal Approach and Logit Model," Transition Studies Review, Springer;Central Eastern European University Network (CEEUN), vol. 20(3), pages 405-419, November.
    26. Ari, Ali, 2012. "Early warning systems for currency crises: The Turkish case," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 391-410.
    27. Ms. Piyabha Kongsamut & Mr. V. Haksar, 2003. "Dynamics of Corporate Performance in Thailand," IMF Working Papers 2003/214, International Monetary Fund.
    28. Mr. Abdul d Abiad, 2003. "Early Warning Systems: A Survey and a Regime-Switching Approach," IMF Working Papers 2003/032, International Monetary Fund.
    29. Pattama L. Shimpalee & Janice Boucher Breuer, 2007. "An event study of institutions and currency crises," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(3), pages 274-290.
    30. Shimpalee, Pattama L. & Breuer, Janice Boucher, 2006. "Currency crises and institutions," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 125-145, February.

  6. Mr. Roberto Perrelli & Mr. Christian B. Mulder, 2001. "Foreign Currency Credit Ratings for Emerging Market Economies," IMF Working Papers 2001/191, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Nicolas Jannone Bellot, MaLuisa Marti Selva, Leandro Garcia Menendez, 2017. "Herding Behaviour among Credit Rating Agencies," Journal of Finance and Economics Research, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 56-83, March.
    2. Fry-McKibbin, Renée A. & Wanaguru, Sumila, 2013. "Currency intervention: A case study of an emerging market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 25-47.
    3. Rasha Alsakka & Owain ap Gwilym, 2010. "Sovereign Ratings and Migrations: Emerging Markets," Working Papers 10009, Bangor Business School, Prifysgol Bangor University (Cymru / Wales).
    4. Luitel, Prabesh & Vanpée, Rosanne & De Moor, Lieven, 2016. "Pernicious effects: How the credit rating agencies disadvantage emerging markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 286-298.
    5. D. Maltritz & A. Bühn & S. Eichler, 2012. "Modelling country default risk as a latent variable: a multiple indicators multiple causes approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(36), pages 4679-4688, December.
    6. Weder di Mauro, Beatrice & Bartels, Bernhard, 2013. "A Rating Agency for Europe ? A good idea?," CEPR Discussion Papers 9512, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Hammer, P.L. & Kogan, A. & Lejeune, M.A., 2006. "Modeling country risk ratings using partial orders," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 175(2), pages 836-859, December.
    8. Athari, Seyed Alireza & Kondoz, Mehmet & Kirikkaleli, Dervis, 2021. "Dependency between sovereign credit ratings and economic risk: Insight from Balkan countries," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    9. Xavier Debrun & David Hauner & Manmohan S. Kumar, 2009. "Independent Fiscal Agencies," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(1), pages 44-81, February.
    10. Markus Behn & Rainer Haselmann & Jonas Sobott & Rüdiger Weber & Dorje Wulf, 2013. "Welche Aussagekraft haben Länderratings? Eine empirische Modellierung der Ratingvergabe während der europäischen Staatsschuldenkrise," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 65(1), pages 2-31, February.
    11. Mr. Jorge I Canales Kriljenko & Mr. Cem Karacadag & Roberto Guimarães-Filho, 2003. "Official Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market: Elements of Best Practice," IMF Working Papers 2003/152, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Christian Mulder & Roberto Perrelli & Manuel Duarte Rocha, 2016. "The Role of Bank and Corporate Balance Sheets on Early Warning Systems of Currency Crises—An Empirical Study," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(7), pages 1542-1561, July.
    13. Aktug, R. Erdem & Nayar, Nandkumar (Nandu) & Vasconcellos, Geraldo M., 2013. "Is sovereign risk related to the banking sector?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 222-249.
    14. Manfred Gärtner & Björn Griesbach & Florian Jung, 2011. "PIGS or Lambs? The European Sovereign Debt Crisis and the Role of Rating Agencies," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 17(3), pages 288-299, August.
    15. Dominik Maltritz & Andreas Buehn & Stefan Eichler, 2011. "Modeling country default risk as a latent variable: a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) approach," Post-Print hal-00730230, HAL.
    16. Rosemarie Bröker Bone, 2005. "A Importância Dos Fundamentos Nos Ratings Soberanos Brasileiros, 1994-2002," Anais do XXXIII Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 33rd Brazilian Economics Meeting] 037, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    17. Zamira Oskonbaeva, 2020. "Determinants of credit ratings: evidence from panel discrete model," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 9(3), pages 240-247.
    18. Teixeira, João C.A. & Silva, Francisco J.F. & Ferreira, Manuel B.S. & Vieira, José A.C., 2018. "Sovereign credit rating determinants under financial crises," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 1-13.
    19. International Monetary Fund, 2005. "Fiscal Transparency and Economic Outcomes," IMF Working Papers 2005/225, International Monetary Fund.
    20. Carmen Altenkirch, 2005. "The Determinants Of Sovereign Credit Ratings: A New Empirical Approach," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 73(3), pages 462-473, September.
    21. Mr. Andrew J Tiffin & Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Charalambos Christofides, 2003. "The Link Between Adherence to International Standards of Good Practice, Foreign Exchange Spreads, and Ratings," IMF Working Papers 2003/074, International Monetary Fund.
    22. Laura Jaramillo, 2010. "Determinants of Investment Grade Status in Emerging Markets," IMF Working Papers 2010/117, International Monetary Fund.
    23. De Moor, Lieven & Luitel, Prabesh & Sercu, Piet & Vanpée, Rosanne, 2018. "Subjectivity in sovereign credit ratings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 366-392.
    24. Antonio Díez de los Ríos & Alicia García Herrero, 2003. "Contagion and portfolio shift in emerging countries' sovereign bonds," Working Papers 0317, Banco de España.
    25. Sy, Amadou N. R., 2002. "Emerging market bond spreads and sovereign credit ratings: reconciling market views with economic fundamentals," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 380-408, December.
    26. Al-Sakka, Rasha & ap Gwilym, Owain, 2010. "Split sovereign ratings and rating migrations in emerging economies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 79-97, June.
    27. Rasha Alsakka & Owain ap Gwilym, 2010. "The Extent and Causes of Sovereign Split Ratings," Working Papers 10008, Bangor Business School, Prifysgol Bangor University (Cymru / Wales).
    28. Mr. Ashok Vir Bhatia, 2002. "Sovereign Credit Ratings Methodology: An Evaluation," IMF Working Papers 2002/170, International Monetary Fund.
    29. Panos Gavras & Sofoklis D. Vogiazas & Maria Koura, 2016. "An Empirical Assessment of Sovereign Country Risk in the Black Sea Region," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 22(1), pages 77-93, February.
    30. Brause, Alexander, 2008. "Foreign exchange interventions in emerging market countries: New lessons from Argentina," W.E.P. - Würzburg Economic Papers 79, University of Würzburg, Department of Economics.

  7. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Brieuc Monfort, 2000. "Using Credit Ratings for Capital Requirementson Lending to Emerging Market Economies: Possible Impact of a New Basel Accord," IMF Working Papers 2000/069, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Nicolas Jannone Bellot, MaLuisa Marti Selva, Leandro Garcia Menendez, 2017. "Herding Behaviour among Credit Rating Agencies," Journal of Finance and Economics Research, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 56-83, March.
    2. Kraeussl, Roman, 2003. "Do Changes in Sovereign Credit Ratings Contribute to Financial Contagion in Emerging Market Crises?," CFS Working Paper Series 2003/22, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    3. Sy, Amadou N.R., 2004. "Rating the rating agencies: Anticipating currency crises or debt crises?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(11), pages 2845-2867, November.
    4. Mora, Nada, 2006. "Sovereign credit ratings: Guilty beyond reasonable doubt?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 2041-2062, July.
    5. Rasha Alsakka & Owain ap Gwilym, 2010. "Sovereign Ratings and Migrations: Emerging Markets," Working Papers 10009, Bangor Business School, Prifysgol Bangor University (Cymru / Wales).
    6. Philippe Dupuy, 2008. "Imperfect Information and Contagion in Capital Markets," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 7(2), pages 103-140, August.
    7. João T. Jalles, 2022. "Do credit rating agencies reward fiscal prudence?," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 2-22, April.
    8. Nachane, Dilip & Ghosh, Saibal & Ray, Partha, 2006. "Basel II and bank lending behavior: some likely implications for monetary policy," MPRA Paper 3841, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Mr. Roberto Perrelli & Mr. Christian B. Mulder, 2001. "Foreign Currency Credit Ratings for Emerging Market Economies," IMF Working Papers 2001/191, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Naďa Blahová, 2015. "Analysis of the Relation between Macroprudential and Microprudential Policy," European Financial and Accounting Journal, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2015(1), pages 33-47.
    11. P. Hammer & A. Kogan & M. Lejeune, 2011. "Reverse-engineering country risk ratings: a combinatorial non-recursive model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 188(1), pages 185-213, August.
    12. Dziawgo Danuta, 2012. "Present and Future Position of Credit Rating," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 12(2), pages 160-174, December.
    13. Sergio Godoy W., 2006. "Determinantes de la Clasificación de Riesgo Soberano de las Economías Emergentes," Notas de Investigación Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 9(3), pages 109-123, December.
    14. Susan K. Schroeder, 2008. "The Underpinnings Of Country Risk Assessment," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 498-535, July.
    15. Andreas A. Jobst, 2002. "Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) – A Primer," Working Paper Series: Finance and Accounting 96, Department of Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main.
    16. Hammer, P.L. & Kogan, A. & Lejeune, M.A., 2006. "Modeling country risk ratings using partial orders," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 175(2), pages 836-859, December.
    17. Mr. Lakshman Alles, 2001. "Asset Securitization and Structured Financing: Future Prospects and Challenges for Countries in Emerging Markets," IMF Working Papers 2001/147, International Monetary Fund.
    18. Andres Vesilind & Ingrid Toming & Raoul Lättemäe, 2001. "Determinants of Estonian Sovereign Credit Rating," Bank of Estonia Working Papers 2001-03, Bank of Estonia, revised 12 Oct 2001.
    19. Makram El‐Shagi & Gregor von Schweinitz, 2022. "Why they keep missing: An empirical investigation of sovereign bond ratings and their timing," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 69(2), pages 186-224, May.
    20. Markus Behn & Rainer Haselmann & Jonas Sobott & Rüdiger Weber & Dorje Wulf, 2013. "Welche Aussagekraft haben Länderratings? Eine empirische Modellierung der Ratingvergabe während der europäischen Staatsschuldenkrise," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 65(1), pages 2-31, February.
    21. Antonio Afonso & Joao Tovar Jalles, 2019. "Sovereign Ratings and Finance Ministers' Characteristics," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(4), pages 2999-3010.
    22. Linda Allen & Anthony Saunders, 2004. "Incorporating Systemic Influences Into Risk Measurements: A Survey of the Literature," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 26(2), pages 161-191, October.
    23. Afonso, António & Gomes, Pedro & Rother, Philipp, 2007. "What “hides” behind sovereign debt ratings?," Working Paper Series 711, European Central Bank.
    24. Carmen Broto & Luis Molina, 2014. "Sovereign ratings and their asymmetric response to fundamentals," Working Papers 1428, Banco de España.
    25. Dilek Teker & Aynur Pala & Oya Kent, 2013. "Determination of Sovereign Rating: Factor Based Ordered Probit Models for Panel Data Analysis Modelling Framework," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 3(1), pages 122-132.
    26. Aktug, R. Erdem & Nayar, Nandkumar (Nandu) & Vasconcellos, Geraldo M., 2013. "Is sovereign risk related to the banking sector?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 222-249.
    27. Bernal, Oscar & Girard, Alexandre & Gnabo, Jean-Yves, 2016. "The importance of conflicts of interest in attributing sovereign credit ratings," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 48-66.
    28. Sergio Godoy, 2005. "Emerging Market Spreads at the Turn of The Century: A Roller Coaster Sergio Godoy," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 339, Central Bank of Chile.
    29. Roman Kraeussl, "undated". "A Critique on the Proposed Use of External Sovereign Credit Ratings in Basel II," Working Papers 0315, University of Crete, Department of Economics.
    30. Roman Kraeussl, 2003. "Sovereign Credit Ratings and Their Impact on Recent Financial Crises," International Finance 0311013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    31. Salvador, Carlos & Pastor, Jose Manuel & Fernández de Guevara, Juan, 2014. "Impact of the subprime crisis on bank ratings: The effect of the hardening of rating policies and worsening of solvency," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 11(C), pages 13-31.
    32. Singh, Manish K. & Gómez-Puig, Marta & Sosvilla-Rivero, Simón, 2021. "Quantifying sovereign risk in the euro area," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 76-96.
    33. Tak-Kuen Siu & Wai-Ki Ching & Eric Fung & Michael Ng, 2007. "Extracting Information from Spot Interest Rates and Credit Ratings using Double Higher-Order Hidden Markov Models," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 29(3), pages 425-425, May.
    34. Nachane, D M & Ghosh, Saibal, 2004. "Credit rating and bank behavior in India: Possible implications of the new Basel accord," MPRA Paper 17491, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    35. Marcus Noland, 2005. "Popular Attitudes, Globalization and Risk," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(2), pages 199-229, August.
    36. Hantzsche, Arno, 2022. "Fiscal uncertainty and sovereign credit risk," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    37. Reusens, Peter & Croux, Christophe, 2017. "Sovereign credit rating determinants: A comparison before and after the European debt crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 108-121.
    38. Cuadros-Solas, Pedro Jesús & Salvador Muñoz, Carlos, 2022. "Disentangling the sources of sovereign rating adjustments: An examination of changes in rating policies following the GFC," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    39. Linda Allen & Anthony Saunders, 2003. "A survey of cyclical effects in credit risk measurement model," BIS Working Papers 126, Bank for International Settlements.
    40. El-Shagi, Makram & von Schweinitz, Gregor, 2017. "Why they keep missing: An empirical investigation of rational inattention of rating agencies," IWH Discussion Papers 1/2017, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), revised 2017.
    41. Teixeira, João C.A. & Silva, Francisco J.F. & Ferreira, Manuel B.S. & Vieira, José A.C., 2018. "Sovereign credit rating determinants under financial crises," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 1-13.
    42. Mr. John Cady & Mr. Anthony J. Pellechio, 2006. "Sovereign Borrowing Cost and the IMF’s Data Standards Initiatives," IMF Working Papers 2006/078, International Monetary Fund.
    43. Knedlik, Tobias & Ströbel, Johannes, 2006. "The role of banking portfolios in the transmission from currency crises to banking crises - potential effects of Basel II," IWH Discussion Papers 21/2006, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    44. Carmen Altenkirch, 2005. "The Determinants Of Sovereign Credit Ratings: A New Empirical Approach," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 73(3), pages 462-473, September.
    45. Nachane, Dilip & Ghosh, Saibal & Ray, Partha, 2006. "Basel II and bank lending behavior: Some likely implications for monetary policy in India," MPRA Paper 3840, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    46. Mr. Andrew J Tiffin & Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Charalambos Christofides, 2003. "The Link Between Adherence to International Standards of Good Practice, Foreign Exchange Spreads, and Ratings," IMF Working Papers 2003/074, International Monetary Fund.
    47. Apergis, Nicholas, 2015. "Newswire messages and sovereign credit ratings: Evidence from European countries under austerity reform programmes," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 54-62.
    48. De Moor, Lieven & Luitel, Prabesh & Sercu, Piet & Vanpée, Rosanne, 2018. "Subjectivity in sovereign credit ratings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 366-392.
    49. Agnello, Luca & Castro, Vítor & Sousa, Ricardo M., 2021. "On the duration of sovereign ratings cycle phases," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 512-526.
    50. João A. C. Santos, 2000. "Bank capital regulation in contemporary banking theory: a review of the literature," BIS Working Papers 90, Bank for International Settlements.
    51. Antonio Díez de los Ríos & Alicia García Herrero, 2003. "Contagion and portfolio shift in emerging countries' sovereign bonds," Working Papers 0317, Banco de España.
    52. Marta Gómez-Puig & Simón Sosvilla-Rivero & Manish K. Singh, 2018. "“Incorporating creditors' seniority into contingent claim models:Application to peripheral euro area countries”," IREA Working Papers 201803, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Feb 2018.
    53. Emilian C. Miricescu & Lucian Ţâţu & Delia Cornea, 2016. "The Determinants of the Sovereign Debt Rating: Evidence for the European Union Countries," ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, Faculty of Economic Cybernetics, Statistics and Informatics, vol. 50(1), pages 175-188.
    54. Anja Shortland, 2004. "The Role of Politics and Institutions in LDC Currency Devaluations," Discussion Papers in Economics 04/30, Division of Economics, School of Business, University of Leicester.
    55. Carlos Uribe-Teran & Santiago Mosquera, 2019. "Structural factors, global shocks and sovereign debt credit ratings," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 43(1), pages 104-126, January.
    56. Duygun, Meryem & Ozturk, Huseyin & Shaban, Mohamed, 2016. "The role of sovereign credit ratings in fiscal discipline," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 197-216.
    57. Hu, Yen-Ting & Kiesel, Rudiger & Perraudin, William, 2002. "The estimation of transition matrices for sovereign credit ratings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1383-1406, July.
    58. Sy, Amadou N. R., 2002. "Emerging market bond spreads and sovereign credit ratings: reconciling market views with economic fundamentals," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 380-408, December.
    59. MIRICESCU, Emilian - Constantin, 2014. "Investigating The Determinants Of Long-Run Sovereign Rating," Studii Financiare (Financial Studies), Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 18(3), pages 25-32.
    60. Al-Sakka, Rasha & ap Gwilym, Owain, 2010. "Split sovereign ratings and rating migrations in emerging economies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 79-97, June.
    61. Rasha Alsakka & Owain ap Gwilym, 2010. "The Extent and Causes of Sovereign Split Ratings," Working Papers 10008, Bangor Business School, Prifysgol Bangor University (Cymru / Wales).

  8. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Matthieu Bussière, 1999. "Political Instability and Economic Vulnerability," IMF Working Papers 1999/046, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Manuela Goretti, 2005. "The Brazilian Currency Turmoil of 2002: A Nonlinear Analysis," International Finance 0506001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Frankel, Jeffrey A. & Saravelos, George, 2012. "Can Leading Indicators Assess Country Vulnerability? Evidence from the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis," Scholarly Articles 9642637, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
    3. Petr Hájek & Michal Střižík & Pavel Praks & Petr Kadeřábek, 2009. "Možnosti využití přístupu latentní sémantiky při předpovídání finančních krizí [Possibilities of Financial Crises Forecasting with Latent Semantic Indexing]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2009(6), pages 754-768.
    4. Rebelo, Sérgio & Jaimovich, Nir, 2006. "Can News About the Future Drive the Business Cycle?," CEPR Discussion Papers 5877, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Lynn Aylward, 1999. "Countries' Repayment Performance Vis-à-Vis the IMF: A Response to Bäcker," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 46(2), pages 1-7.
    6. Ali Ari & Raif Cergibozan, 2016. "A Comparison of Currency Crisis Dating Methods: Turkey 1990-2014," Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research (ELIT), vol. 12(3), pages 19-37.
    7. Ivo Krznar, 2004. "Currency Crisis: Theory and Practice with Application to Croatia," Working Papers 12, The Croatian National Bank, Croatia.
    8. Theo S. Eicher & Charis Christofides & Chris Papageorgiou, 2012. "Did Established Early Warning Signals Predict the 2008 Crises?," Working Papers UWEC-2012-05, University of Washington, Department of Economics.
    9. Pierre‐Guillaume Méon, 2004. "Why are realignments postponed? A model of exchange rate revisions with opportunistic governments," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 72(3), pages 298-316, June.
    10. Canh, Nguyen Phuc & Thanh, Su Dinh, 2020. "Domestic tourism spending and economic vulnerability," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    11. Francisco Pérez-Bermejo & Simón Sosvilla-Rivero, "undated". "Currency Crises and Political Factors: Drawing Lessons from the EMS Experience," Working Papers 2004-04, FEDEA.
    12. Ruoxi Zhang & Xue Li & Satish Chand, 2019. "An Early Warning Of An Impending Currency Crisis In China," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 64(05), pages 1101-1125, December.
    13. Matthieu Bussière, 2013. "Balance of payment crises in emerging markets: how early were the ‘early’ warning signals?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(12), pages 1601-1623, April.
    14. Dimitrios Asteriou & Antonios Sarantidis, 2016. "Political instability and stock market returns: Evidence from OECD countries," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 5(4), pages 113-124.
    15. Mounir Mahmalat & Declan Curran, 2018. "Do Crises Induce Reform? A Critical Review Of Conception, Methodology And Empirical Evidence Of The €˜Crisis Hypothesis’," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 613-648, July.
    16. Manamba EPAPHRA & John MASSAWE, 2017. "The Effect of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment: A Panel Data Study," Turkish Economic Review, KSP Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 19-54, March.
    17. Patrick GUILLAUMONT, 2000. "On the Economic Vulnerability of Low Income Countries," Working Papers 200016, CERDI.
    18. Gauvin, Ludovic & McLoughlin, Cameron & Reinhardt, Dennis, 2014. "Policy uncertainty spillovers to emerging markets – evidence from capital flows," Bank of England working papers 512, Bank of England.
    19. Josef C. Brada & Ali M. Kutan & Taner M. Yigit, 2004. "The Effects of Transition and Political Instability On Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: Central Europe and the Balkans," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series wp729, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    20. Fabrizio Carmignani, 2003. "Political Instability, Uncertainty and Economics," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(1), pages 1-54, February.
    21. Shimpalee, Pattama L. & Breuer, Janice Boucher, 2007. "An event study of institutions and currency crises," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 274-290.
    22. Block, Steven A., 2003. "Political conditions and currency crises in emerging markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 4(3), pages 287-309, September.
    23. Samer Saab, 2005. "Is Lebanon’s Debt Sustainable? A Closer Look at Lebanon’s Debt Dynamics," Public Economics 0505006, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    24. Roberto Chang, 2010. "Elections, Capital Flows, and Politico-economic Equilibria," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(4), pages 1759-1777, September.
    25. Andre Cartapanis, 2004. "Le declenchement des crises de change : qu'avons-nous appris depuis dix ans ?," Economie Internationale, CEPII research center, issue 97, pages 5-48.
    26. Salih BARIŞIK & Abdullah BARIS, 2017. "Impact of governance on budget deficit in developing countries," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(2(611), S), pages 111-130, Summer.
    27. Patrick GUILLAUMONT, 2001. "Ouverture, vulnérabilité et développement," Working Papers 200103, CERDI.
    28. Michael Donadelli, 2015. "Uncertainty shocks and policymakers’ behavior: evidence from the subprime crisis era," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(4), pages 578-607, September.
    29. Fernando, Estrada & Mihai, Mutascu & Aviral Kumar, Tiwari, 2013. "Estabilidad política y tributación [Taxation and political stability]," MPRA Paper 45226, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    30. Sebastián Nieto Parra & Javier Santiso, 2008. "Wall Street and Elections in Latin American Emerging Economies," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 272, OECD Publishing.
    31. Ionescu Cristian, 2012. "Financial Instability And Political Instability," Annals - Economy Series, Constantin Brancusi University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 4, pages 154-158, December.
    32. Weder di Mauro, Beatrice & Van Rijckeghem, Caroline, 2004. "The Politics Of Debt Crises," CEPR Discussion Papers 4683, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    33. Simón Sosvilla‐Rivero & Francisco Pérez‐Bermejo, 2008. "Political and Institutional Factors in Regime Changes in the ERM: An Application of Duration Analysis," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(8), pages 1049-1077, August.
    34. Arias, Guillaume & Erlandsson, Ulf, 2004. "Regime switching as an alternative early warning system of currency crises - an application to South-East Asia," Working Papers 2004:11, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    35. Rakesh Padhan & K. P. Prabheesh, 2019. "Effectiveness Of Early Warning Models: A Critical Review And New Agenda For Future Direction," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 22(4), pages 457-484.
    36. Mingyu Chen & Huapu Lu, 2020. "Analysis of Transportation Network Vulnerability and Resilience within an Urban Agglomeration: Case Study of the Greater Bay Area, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-14, September.
    37. Tjeerd M. Boonman & Jan P.A.M. Jacobs & Gerard H. Kuper, 2011. "Why didn't the Global Financial Crisis hit Latin America?," CIRANO Working Papers 2011s-63, CIRANO.
    38. Hasan Ersel, 2010. "Vulnerability to External Financial Shocks: The Case of Turkey," Working Papers 520, Economic Research Forum, revised 05 Jan 2010.
    39. Jeffrey A. Frankel & George Saravelos, 2010. "Are Leading Indicators of Financial Crises Useful for Assessing Country Vulnerability? Evidence from the 2008-09 Global Crisis," NBER Working Papers 16047, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    40. Cristiano Prado Martins Barbosa, 2004. "Fatores Políticos E Institucionais: Impactos Sobre Paradas Bruscas De Financiamento Externo," Anais do XXXII Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 32nd Brazilian Economics Meeting] 070, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    41. David Fielding & Anja Shortland, 2005. "How does political violence affect confidence in a local currency? Evidence from Egypt," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(7), pages 841-866.
    42. Ralph Setzer, 2005. "The Political Economy of Fixed Exchange Rates: A Survival Analysis," Diskussionspapiere aus dem Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre der Universität Hohenheim 265/2005, Department of Economics, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
    43. Mutascu, Mihai & Tiwari, Aviral & Estrada, Fernando, 2011. "Taxation and political stability," MPRA Paper 32272, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    44. IRSHAD Hira, 2017. "Relationship Among Political Instability, Stock Market Returns And Stock Market Volatility," Studies in Business and Economics, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 12(2), pages 70-99, August.
    45. Ms. Chikako Oka, 2003. "Anticipating Arrears to the IMF Early Warning Systems," IMF Working Papers 2003/018, International Monetary Fund.
    46. Caroline Rijckeghem & Beatrice Weder, 2009. "Political institutions and debt crises," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 138(3), pages 387-408, March.
    47. Leblang, David & Satyanath, Shanker, 2008. "Politically generated uncertainty and currency crises: Theory, tests, and forecasts," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 480-497, April.
    48. Estrada, Fernando, 2013. "Estabilidad política y poder fiscal [political stability and tax power]," MPRA Paper 58458, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2014.
    49. Juan Ricardo Perilla Jiménez, 2008. "La política económica de las crisis financieras: una aproximación empírica," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 10(18), pages 179-211, January-J.
    50. Riccardo Realfonzo & Angelantonio Viscione, 2015. "The Real Effects of a Euro Exit: Lessons from the Past," International Journal of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(3), pages 161-173, July.
    51. Ari, Ali, 2012. "Early warning systems for currency crises: The Turkish case," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 391-410.
    52. Moser, Christoph, 2007. "The Impact of Political Risk on Sovereign Bond Spreads - Evidence from Latin America," Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Göttingen 2007 24, Verein für Socialpolitik, Research Committee Development Economics.
    53. Mitra, Nirvana, 2020. "Political Constraints and Sovereign Default Premia," MPRA Paper 104172, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    54. Roberto Chang, 2006. "Electoral Uncertainty and the Volatility of International Capital Flows," NBER Working Papers 12448, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    55. Bussière, M., 2013. "In Defense of Early Warning Signals," Working papers 420, Banque de France.
    56. Leblang, David & Satyanath, Shanker, 2006. "Institutions, Expectations, and Currency Crises," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 60(1), pages 245-262, January.
    57. Mr. Abdul d Abiad, 2003. "Early Warning Systems: A Survey and a Regime-Switching Approach," IMF Working Papers 2003/032, International Monetary Fund.
    58. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Matthieu Bussière, 1999. "External Vulnerability in Emerging Market Economies: How High Liquidity Can Offset Weak Fundamentals and the Effects of Contagion," IMF Working Papers 1999/088, International Monetary Fund.
    59. Shimpalee, Pattama L. & Breuer, Janice Boucher, 2006. "Currency crises and institutions," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 125-145, February.
    60. Berg, Andrew & Pattillo, Catherine, 1999. "Predicting currency crises:: The indicators approach and an alternative," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 561-586, August.
    61. Sever, Can, 2021. "Political booms and currency crises," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).

  9. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Matthieu Bussière, 1999. "External Vulnerability in Emerging Market Economies: How High Liquidity Can Offset Weak Fundamentals and the Effects of Contagion," IMF Working Papers 1999/088, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Frankel, Jeffrey A. & Saravelos, George, 2012. "Can Leading Indicators Assess Country Vulnerability? Evidence from the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis," Scholarly Articles 9642637, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
    2. Hyeongwoo Kim & Wen Shi & Hyun Hak Kim, 2020. "Forecasting financial stress indices in Korea: a factor model approach," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(6), pages 2859-2898, December.
    3. Maria del Mar Delgado & Pablo Hernandez de Cos & Javier J. Pérez, 2017. "Institutional and economic determinants of Sub-national public debt in Spain," EcoMod2017 10518, EcoMod.
    4. Theo S. Eicher & Charis Christofides & Chris Papageorgiou, 2012. "Did Established Early Warning Signals Predict the 2008 Crises?," Working Papers UWEC-2012-05, University of Washington, Department of Economics.
    5. Eric Santor, 2003. "Crisis bancarias y contagio: evidencia empírica," Monetaria, CEMLA, vol. 0(3), pages 293-344, julio-sep.
    6. David Fernando López Angarita, 2006. "Nivel de reservas internacionales y riesgo cambiario en Colombia," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 8(15), pages 117-159, July-Dece.
    7. Sona Benecka & Lubos Komarek, 2014. "International Reserves: Facing Model Uncertainty," Working Papers 2014/03, Czech National Bank.
    8. Müller-Plantenberg, Nikolas A., 2010. "Balance of payments accounting and exchange rate dynamics," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 46-63, January.
    9. Cerezo Aguirre, Sergio Cerezo Aguirre, 2010. "Consideraciones sobre el nivel óptimo de reservas internacionales para Bolivia: 2003-2009," Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico, Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB) "San Pablo", issue 14, pages 41-70.
    10. Ruoxi Zhang & Xue Li & Satish Chand, 2019. "An Early Warning Of An Impending Currency Crisis In China," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 64(05), pages 1101-1125, December.
    11. Dapontas Dimitrios, 2014. "The Argentinian Peso Crisis (2014)," Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 61(2), pages 149-159, December.
    12. Matthieu Bussière, 2013. "Balance of payment crises in emerging markets: how early were the ‘early’ warning signals?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(12), pages 1601-1623, April.
    13. Bussière, M. & Ristiniemi, A., 2012. "Credit Ratings and Debt Crises," Working papers 396, Banque de France.
    14. Y. Kalantzis. & P. Towbin. & S. Zignago., 2014. "International adjustment and rebalancing of global demand:where do we stand?," Quarterly selection of articles - Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 33, pages 5-23, spring.
    15. Thomas D. Willett & Ekniti Nitithanprapas & Isriya Nitithanprapas & Sunil Rongala, 2004. "The Asian Crises Reexamined," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 3(3), pages 32-87.
    16. Christopher Balding, 2011. "CDS Pricing and Elections in Emerging Markets," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 10(2), pages 121-173, August.
    17. Mohamed Ayadi & Wajih Khallouli & René Sandretto, 2006. "Les déterminants des crises financières récentes des pays émergents," Post-Print halshs-00137700, HAL.
    18. Chung‐Hua Shen & Hsing‐Hua Hsu, 2022. "The determinants of Asian banking crises—Application of the panel threshold logit model," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 22(1), pages 248-277, March.
    19. Hyeongwoo Kim & Wen Shi, 2020. "Forecasting Financial Vulnerability in the US: A Factor Model Approach," Auburn Economics Working Paper Series auwp2020-04, Department of Economics, Auburn University.
    20. Javier J. Pérez & Rocío Prieto, 2014. "The structure of sub-natural public debt: Liquidity vs credit risk," Working Papers 1403, Banco de España.
    21. Graham Bird & Ramkishen Rajan, 2003. "Too Much of a Good Thing? The Adequacy of International Reserves in the Aftermath of Crises," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(6), pages 873-891, June.
    22. Fernando M. Gonçalves, 2007. "The Optimal Level of Foreign Reserves in Financially Dollarized Economies: The Case of Uruguay," IMF Working Papers 2007/265, International Monetary Fund.
    23. Marcello Pericoli & Massimo Sbracia, 2003. "A Primer on Financial Contagion," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(4), pages 571-608, September.
    24. Jie Li & Ramkishen Rajan, 2005. "Can High Reserves Offset Weak Fundamentals? A Simple Model of Precautionary Demand for Reserves," Centre for International Economic Studies Working Papers 2005-09, University of Adelaide, Centre for International Economic Studies.
    25. Burkart, O. & Coudert, V., 2000. "Leading Indicators of Currency Crises in Emerging Economies," Working papers 74, Banque de France.
    26. Marta Ruiz-Arranz & Milan Zavadjil, 2008. "Are Emerging Asia’s Reserves Really Too High?," IMF Working Papers 2008/192, International Monetary Fund.
    27. Eric Santor, 2003. "Banking Crises and Contagion: Empirical Evidence," Staff Working Papers 03-1, Bank of Canada.
    28. Marc Klau & John Hawkins, 2000. "Measuring potential vulnerabilities in emerging market economies," BIS Working Papers 91, Bank for International Settlements.
    29. Mustapha Djennas & Mohamed Benbouziane & Meriem Djennas, 2011. "An Approach of Combining Empirical Mode Decomposition and Neural Network Learning for Currency Crisis Forecasting," Working Papers 627, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2011.
    30. International Monetary Fund, 2008. "Foreign Reserve Adequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Working Papers 2008/150, International Monetary Fund.
    31. Mr. Jorge I Canales Kriljenko & Mr. Cem Karacadag & Roberto Guimarães-Filho, 2003. "Official Intervention in the Foreign Exchange Market: Elements of Best Practice," IMF Working Papers 2003/152, International Monetary Fund.
    32. Camilo González & Luisa F. Silva & Carmiña O. Vargas & Andrés M. Velasco, 2013. "An exploration on interbank markets and the operational framework of monetary policy in Colombia," Borradores de Economia 10982, Banco de la Republica.
    33. Mishra, Ritesh Kumar & Sharma, Chandan, 2011. "India's demand for international reserve and monetary disequilibrium: Reserve adequacy under floating regime," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 901-919.
    34. Mr. Brad Setser & Nouriel Roubini & Mr. Christian Keller & Mr. Mark Allen & Mr. Christoph B. Rosenberg, 2002. "A Balance Sheet Approach to Financial Crisis," IMF Working Papers 2002/210, International Monetary Fund.
    35. Harry Kelejian & George Tavlas & George Hondroyiannis, 2006. "A Spatial Modelling Approach to Contagion Among Emerging Economies," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 423-441, December.
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    58. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Amadou N Sy & Miss Yinqiu Lu & Mr. Udaibir S Das, 2009. "Setting Up a Sovereign Wealth Fund: Some Policy and Operational Considerations," IMF Working Papers 2009/179, International Monetary Fund.
    59. Kim, Yun Jung, 2017. "Sudden stops, limited enforcement, and optimal reserves," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 273-282.
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    62. Andryakov Alexander & Gurvich Evsey, 2002. "A Model of the Russian Crisis Development," EERC Working Paper Series 02-03e, EERC Research Network, Russia and CIS.
    63. Mulder, Christian & Perrelli, Roberto & Rocha, Manuel Duarte, 2012. "External vulnerability, balance sheet effects, and the institutional framework — Lessons from the Asian crisis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 16-28.
    64. Olivier Jeanne, 2007. "International Reserves in Emerging Market Countries: Too Much of a Good Thing?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 38(1), pages 1-80.
    65. Sinta, Nur, 2018. "Endogenous and Exogenous Explanations for the Financial Crises in Mexico, SE Asian and Russia," MPRA Paper 92896, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    66. Caramazza, Francesco & Ricci, Luca & Salgado, Ranil, 2004. "International financial contagion in currency crises," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 51-70, February.
    67. Wasseem Mina & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, 2002. "IMF Lending, Maturity of International Debt and Moral Hazard," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0301, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    68. Rabin Hattari & Ramkishen S. Rajan, 2011. "How Different are FDI and FPI Flows?: Does Distance Alter the Composition of Capital Flows?," Working Papers 092011, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research.
    69. Eichengreen, Barry, 2001. "The EMS Crisis in Retrospect," CEPR Discussion Papers 2704, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    70. Mr. Robert P Flood & Ms. Nancy P. Marion, 2002. "Holding International Reserves in an Era of High Capital Mobility," IMF Working Papers 2002/062, International Monetary Fund.
    71. Mr. Ranil M Salgado & Mr. Luca A Ricci & Mr. Francesco Caramazza, 2000. "Trade and Financial Contagion in Currency Crises," IMF Working Papers 2000/055, International Monetary Fund.
    72. Anita Giselle Doraisami, 2007. "Financial crisis in Malaysia: did FDI flows contribute to vulnerability?," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(7), pages 949-962.
    73. Ben Hassine Khalladi, hela, 2015. "Financial Crisis Management in Emerging Countries: Optimal Level of International Reserves and Ex Ante Conditions for an International Lender of Last Resort Intervention," MPRA Paper 96151, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    74. Johan Mathisen & Anthony Pellechio, 2007. "Using the balance sheet approach in surveillance: framework, data sources, and data availability," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Proceedings of the IFC Conference on "Measuring the financial position of the household sector", Basel, 30-31 August 2006 - Volume 1, volume 25, pages 7-44, Bank for International Settlements.
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  10. Mr. Krishna Srinivasan & Erich Spitäller & Mr. M. Braulke & Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Hisanobu Shishido & Mr. Kenneth M. Miranda & Mr. John R Dodsworth & Keon Lee, 1996. "Vietnam: Transition to a Market Economy," IMF Occasional Papers 1996/001, International Monetary Fund.

    Cited by:

    1. Linh T.D. Huynh & Hien Thanh Hoang, 2019. "Effects of exchange rate volatility on bilateral import performance of Vietnam: A dynamic Generalised method of Moments panel approach," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 88-110, January.
    2. Takahiro Akita & Chu Thi Trung Hau, 2006. "Inter-sectoral Interdependence and Growth in Vietnam: A Comparative Analysis with Indonesia and Malaysia," Working Papers EMS_2006_03, Research Institute, International University of Japan.
    3. Buffie, Edward F., 2009. "Public sector layoffs, severance pay, and inflation in the small open economy," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 987-1005, October.
    4. Goujon, Michael, 2006. "Fighting inflation in a dollarized economy: The case of Vietnam," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 564-581, September.
    5. Dang, Quyen Thao & Jasovska, Pavlina & Rammal, Hussain Gulzar, 2020. "International business-government relations: The risk management strategies of MNEs in emerging economies," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(1).
    6. Zara Liaqat, 2019. "Providing a Safe Working Environment: Do Firm Ownership and Exporting Status Matter?," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 36(2), pages 215-247, September.
    7. Brian McCaig & Nina Pavcnik, 2013. "Moving out of Agriculture: Structural Change in Vietnam," NBER Working Papers 19616, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

  11. Mulder, C.B., 1989. "Efficient and inefficient institutional arrangements between governments and trade unions : An explanation of high unemployment, corporatism and union fashing," Research Memorandum FEW 375, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

    Cited by:

    1. Vijlbrief, J.A. & Wijngaert, R.F., 1991. "Unions and the link : wage determination by a single encompassing trade union when unemployment benefits are linked to wages," Serie Research Memoranda 0062, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.

  12. Mulder, C.B. & van Schaik, A.B.T.M., 1989. "Een nieuwe kijk op structuurwerkloosheid," Research Memorandum FEW 414, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

    Cited by:

    1. Vijlbrief, J.A., 1990. "The effects of unemployment insurance on the labour market," Serie Research Memoranda 0031, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    2. Vijlbrief, J.A., 1992. "Unemployment insurance in the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Germany," Serie Research Memoranda 0018, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.

  13. Mulder, C.B., 1988. "Wage moderating effects of corporatism : Decentralized versus centralized wage setting in a union, firm, government context," Research Memorandum FEW 316, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

    Cited by:

    1. Robert A. J. Dur, 2001. "The Credibility Problem in Unemployment Insurance Policy," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 157(4), pages 634-650, December.
    2. Burda, Michael C., 1997. "Corporatism, labor unions and the safety net," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(3-5), pages 635-646, April.
    3. Céline Choulet, 2004. "Public employment and labour market performance: centralization wage setting effects," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques v04036, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    4. Pierre Cahuc, 1989. "Modes de formation des salaires et stagflation : une analyse en termes de théorie des jeux," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 40(3), pages 421-440.

  14. Mulder, C.B., 1987. "Inefficiency of automatically linking unemployment benefits to private sector wage rates," Research Memorandum FEW 288, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

    Cited by:

    1. Vijlbrief, J.A. & Wijngaert, R.F., 1991. "Unions and the link : wage determination by a single encompassing trade union when unemployment benefits are linked to wages," Serie Research Memoranda 0062, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.

  15. C. B. Mulder & F. Van Der Ploeg, 1986. "Trade Unions, Investment and Employment in a Small Open Economy : A Dutch Perspective," Discussion Papers (REL - Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 1986036, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).

    Cited by:

    1. Enrico Marchetti, 1999. "Dynamic Games and Growth Cycles in Unionised Economies," Working Papers in Public Economics 32, University of Rome La Sapienza, Department of Economics and Law.
    2. Wansbeek, T.J. & Kapteyn, A.J., 1990. "Estimation of the error-components model with incomplete panels," Other publications TiSEM cce8fcd9-a6dc-4cab-83b7-5, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    3. van der Ploeg, F., 1990. "Towards monetary integration in Europe," Other publications TiSEM 37eede87-4c89-404f-81a4-6, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

Articles

  1. Christian Mulder & Roberto Perrelli & Manuel Duarte Rocha, 2016. "The Role of Bank and Corporate Balance Sheets on Early Warning Systems of Currency Crises—An Empirical Study," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(7), pages 1542-1561, July.

    Cited by:

    1. Maria Siranova & Karol Zelenak, 2023. "Every crisis does matter: Comparing the databases of financial crisis events," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(2), pages 652-686, May.
    2. Khan, Habib Hussain & Kutan, Ali M. & Naz, Iram & Qureshi, Fiza, 2017. "Efficiency, growth and market power in the banking industry: New approach to efficient structure hypothesis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 531-545.

  2. Mulder, Christian & Perrelli, Roberto & Rocha, Manuel Duarte, 2012. "External vulnerability, balance sheet effects, and the institutional framework — Lessons from the Asian crisis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 16-28.

    Cited by:

    1. Roy, Saktinil & Kemme, David M., 2012. "Causes of banking crises: Deregulation, credit booms and asset bubbles, then and now," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 270-294.
    2. Christian Mulder & Roberto Perrelli & Manuel Duarte Rocha, 2016. "The Role of Bank and Corporate Balance Sheets on Early Warning Systems of Currency Crises—An Empirical Study," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(7), pages 1542-1561, July.
    3. Obstfeld, Maurice, 2014. "Never Say Never: Commentary on a Policymaker?s Reflections," CEPR Discussion Papers 9802, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Qin, Xiao & Luo, Chengying, 2014. "Capital account openness and early warning system for banking crises in G20 countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 190-194.
    5. Suh, Sangwon, 2017. "Sudden stops of capital flows to emerging markets: A new prediction approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 289-308.
    6. Rasaki, Mutiu Gbade & Malikane, Christopher, 2017. "An estimated financial accelerator model for small-open African economies," MPRA Paper 95977, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Chen, Pei-Fen & Lin, Chun-Wei & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2019. "Financial crises, globalization, and insurer performance: Some international evidence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 835-856.

  3. Bussiere, Matthieu & Mulder, Christian, 2000. "Political Instability and Economic Vulnerability," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 5(4), pages 309-330, October.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  4. Mulder, C B, 1993. "Wage-Moderating Effects of Corporatism: Decentralized versus Centralized Wage Setting in a Union, Firm, Government Context," The Manchester School of Economic & Social Studies, University of Manchester, vol. 61(3), pages 287-301, September.
    See citations under working paper version above.

Chapters

  1. C. B. Mulder & F. Ploeg, 1989. "Trade Unions, Investment and Employment in a Small Open Economy: A Dutch Perspective," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Joan Muysken & Chris Neubourg (ed.), Unemployment in Europe, chapter 8, pages 200-229, Palgrave Macmillan.
    See citations under working paper version above.Sorry, no citations of chapters recorded.
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