These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19624 of 73272 economists are female, or a proportion of 0.27%.

Listings by

• Country
• US state
• Field
• Cohort
• Ranking

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country	# authors	# female	share(%)
Algeria		78.07	17	21.78
Argentina		423.27	106.75	25.22
Australia		1644.45	418.12	25.43
Austria		603.03	141.71	23.50
Azerbaijan		55.85	8	14.32
Bangladesh		209.15	26.15	12.50
Belgium		961.06	260.43	27.10
Bolivia		93.07	24.25	26.06
Brazil		1082.68	188.86	17.44
Bulgaria		265.50	135	50.85
Cameroun		76.65	15.68	20.46
Canada		1809.76	383.65	21.20
Chile		484.23	75.87	15.67
China		1681.31	456.27	27.14
Colombia		757.95	186.59	24.62
Croatia		169.72	90.42	53.28
Cyprus		51.28	10.50	20.48
Czech Republic		569.16	186.56	32.78
Denmark		474.73	116.49	24.54
Ecuador		140.98	39.05	27.70
Egypt		121.01	48.60	40.16
Estonia		56.69	18	31.75
Ethiopia		81.37	17.50	21.51
Finland		283.88	73.85	26.01
France		4010.73	1276.37	31.82
Germany		3672.41	937.11	25.52
Ghana		143.24	15.74	10.99
Greece		639.89	147.54	23.06
Hong Kong		169.70	29.90	17.62
Hungary		441.64	136.32	30.87
India		1332.16	391.07	29.36
Indonesia		469.67	124.56	26.52
Iran		176.18	24.50	13.91
Ireland		364.72	117.60	32.24
Israel		246.96	42	17.01
Italy		3746.60	1220.16	32.57
Japan		1304.40	177.96	13.64
Kazakhstan		71.90	21	29.21
Kenya		53.51	12.54	23.43
Lebanon		94.81	33.52	35.35
Luxembourg		340.39	93.21	27.38
Macao		52.89	16.90	31.95
North Macedonia		73.33	33.45	45.62
Malaysia		398.50	103.70	26.02
Mexico		468.42	90.30	19.28
Mongolia		51.08	20.10	39.35
Morocco		116.24	22.10	19.01
Netherlands		1305.97	296.26	22.69
New Zealand		293.07	70.12	23.93
Nigeria		417.82	76.88	18.40
Norway		510.61	101.64	19.91
Pakistan		567.00	126.09	22.24
Peru		274.40	51.39	18.73
Philippines		208.16	72.64	34.90
Poland		793.31	265.36	33.45
Portugal		756.83	277.95	36.73
Romania		1203.58	703.70	58.47
Russia		1662.49	754.40	45.38
Saudi Arabia		95.71	9.40	9.82
Singapore		219.60	50.25	22.88
Slovakia		159.36	53.80	33.76
Slovenia		53.76	13	24.18
South Africa		432.35	130.49	30.18
South Korea		439.42	99.54	22.65
Spain		2820.16	912.62	32.36
Sri Lanka		52.36	23.35	44.59
Sweden		769.67	192.88	25.06
Switzerland		1145.24	264.73	23.12
Taiwan		270.13	61.05	22.60
Thailand		169.30	67.95	40.14
Tunisia		273.22	91.20	33.38
Turkey		991.97	260.13	26.22
United Arab Emirates		116.48	23.04	19.78
United Kingdom		4128.92	1065.49	25.81
Ukraine		219.35	84.05	38.32
Uruguay		131.60	49.70	37.77
Viet Nam		251.74	68.25	27.11

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State	# authors	# female	share (%)
Alabama (United States)		103.43	24.81	23.99
Arkansas (United States)		51.38	10.16	19.77
Arizona (United States)		129.65	33.49	25.83
California (United States)		1256.69	262.74	20.91
Colorado (United States)		147.09	31.26	21.25
Connecticut (United States)		262.31	51.81	19.75
District of Columbia (United States)		2567.87	705.15	27.46
Delaware (United States)		50.52	18.02	35.67
Florida (United States)		255.41	56.29	22.04
Georgia (United States)		325.51	76.52	23.51
Iowa (United States)		85.93	23.50	27.35
Illinois (United States)		570.15	110.55	19.39
Indiana (United States)		292.16	62.92	21.54
Kansas (United States)		69.53	12.90	18.55
Kentucky (United States)		87.84	15.40	17.53
Louisiana (United States)		90.62	18.35	20.25
Massachusetts (United States)		1005.28	232.82	23.16
Maryland (United States)		240.75	51.25	21.29
Maine (United States)		54.85	13.76	25.09
Michigan (United States)		317.26	62.80	19.79
Minnesota (United States)		174.09	38.74	22.25
Missouri (United States)		259.72	68.27	26.29
North Carolina (United States)		355.19	65.14	18.34
Nebraska (United States)		59.90	13	21.70
New Hampshire (United States)		73.84	17.78	24.08
New Jersey (United States)		204.72	43.10	21.05
New York (United States)		1081.99	261.76	24.19
Ohio (United States)		306.63	76.52	24.96
Oklahoma (United States)		87.70	23.87	27.22
Oregon (United States)		72.13	23.43	32.48
Pennsylvania (United States)		572.27	135.14	23.61
Rhode Island (United States)		86.89	17.50	20.14
South Carolina (United States)		89.74	20	22.29
Tennessee (United States)		162.14	30.25	18.66
Texas (United States)		561.60	114.49	20.39
Utah (United States)		117.57	21.40	18.20
Virginia (United States)		381.67	84.73	22.20
Washington (United States)		106.23	30.22	28.45
Wisconsin (United States)		167.62	38.97	23.25

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field	# authors	# female	share (%)
ACC Accounting and Auditing		153.29	42.94	28.01
AFR Africa		282.02	66.14	23.45
AGE Economics of Ageing		324.78	104.79	32.26
AGR Agricultural Economics		1471.65	416.65	28.31
ARA MENA - Middle East and North Africa		339.04	93.39	27.55
BAN Banking		836.67	196.89	23.53
BEC Business Economics		435.12	92.44	21.24
BIG Big Data		271.92	64.94	23.88
CBA Central Banking		1255.80	244.79	19.49
CBE Cognitive and Behavioural Economics		347.82	79.96	22.99
CDM Collective Decision-Making		314.55	65.48	20.82
CFN Corporate Finance		240.17	53.42	22.24
CIS Confederation of Independent States		434.00	167.76	38.65
CMP Computational Economics		361.80	76.52	21.15
CNA China		262.43	84.44	32.17
COM Industrial Competition		705.06	133.32	18.91
CSE Economics of Strategic Management		296.03	91.49	30.91
CTA Contract Theory and Applications		149.51	24.98	16.71
CUL Cultural Economics		76.49	28.72	37.55
CWA Central and Western Asia		242.69	58.43	24.08
DCM Discrete Choice Models		207.24	46.01	22.20
DEM Demographic Economics		184.74	80.97	43.83
DES Economic Design		158.62	29.04	18.31
DEV Development		708.05	215.12	30.38
DGE Dynamic General Equilibrium		1243.07	221.50	17.82
ECM Econometrics		808.12	118.63	14.68
EDU Education		456.43	143.52	31.44
EEC European Economics		745.58	195.60	26.24
EFF Efficiency and Productivity		488.84	118.31	24.20
ENE Energy Economics		1478.52	354.75	23.99
ENT Entrepreneurship		340.61	80.54	23.65
ENV Environmental Economics		1978.23	543.26	27.46
ETS Econometric Time Series		345.86	52.82	15.27
EUR Microeconomic European Issues		809.94	299.43	36.97
EVO Evolutionary Economics		146.12	25.16	17.22
EXP Experimental Economics		1302.73	369.17	28.34
FDG Financial Development and Growth		445.49	108.86	24.44
FLE Financial Literacy and Education		63.39	27.12	42.78
FMK Financial Markets		224.99	39.04	17.35
FOR Forecasting		234.89	48.39	20.60
GEN Gender		112.87	60.59	53.68
GEO Economic Geography		499.55	108.90	21.80
GER German Papers		188.28	46.85	24.88
GRO Economic Growth		198.50	40.83	20.57
GTH Game Theory		620.39	111.64	18.00
HAP Economics of Happiness		106.56	31.11	29.20
HEA Health Economics		912.00	314.20	34.45
HIS Business, Economic and Financial History		907.65	195.75	21.57
HME Heterodox Microeconomics		249.84	68.28	27.33
HPE History and Philosophy of Economics		256.13	35.94	14.03
HRM Human Capital and Human Resource Management		252.86	70.36	27.83
IAS Insurance Economics		227.49	57.87	25.44
ICT Information and Communication Technologies		132.40	35.20	26.59
IFN International Finance		240.27	51.02	21.23
IND Industrial Organization		195.85	37.38	19.09
INO Innovation		595.63	162.16	27.22
INT International Trade		1277.52	343.47	26.89
INV Investment		77.18	20.40	26.42
IPR Intellectual Property Rights		130.95	31.58	24.12
ISF Islamic Finance		186.17	55.91	30.03
IUE Informal and Underground Economics		136.35	41.24	30.24
KNM Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy		119.41	32.30	27.05
LAB Labour Economics		1215.20	389.24	32.03
LAM Central and South America		192.97	55.56	28.79
LAW Law and Economics		294.67	79.88	27.11
LMA Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages		583.39	178.57	30.61
LTV Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty		216.01	57.67	26.70
MAC Macroeconomics		3400.63	646.37	19.01
MFD Microfinance		99.24	29.25	29.47
MIC Microeconomics		626.25	86.65	13.84
MIG Economics of Human Migration		365.42	122.94	33.64
MKT Marketing		79.22	21.36	26.96
MON Monetary Economics		1577.36	318.74	20.21
MST Market Microstructure		88.77	17.81	20.07
NET Network Economics		186.20	36.97	19.85
NEU Neuroeconomics		72.90	31.45	43.14
OPM Open Economy Macroeconomics		379.90	84.97	22.37
ORE Operations Research		308.17	55.02	17.85
PAY Payment Systems and Financial Technology		377.61	101.71	26.94
PBE Public Economics		612.73	134.21	21.90
PKE Post Keynesian Economics		165.64	29.96	18.09
POL Positive Political Economics		427.48	98.34	23.00
PPM Project, Program and Portfolio Management		65.09	19.85	30.50
PUB Public Finance		252.01	53.70	21.31
REG Regulation		370.59	80.85	21.82
RES Resource Economics		57.59	13.17	22.88
RMG Risk Management		392.60	72.30	18.41
SBM Small Business Management		455.33	123.70	27.17
SEA South East Asia		645.61	161.07	24.95
SOC Social Norms and Social Capital		281.78	80.49	28.56
SOG Sociology of Economics		73.49	16.93	23.04
SPO Sports and Economics		85.61	6.53	7.63
TID Technology and Industrial Dynamics		351.89	88.75	25.22
TRA Transition Economics		671.88	236.53	35.20
TRE Transport Economics		191.44	49.38	25.79
TUR Tourism Economics		57.48	17.16	29.85
UPT Utility Models and Prospect Theory		337.11	65.04	19.29
URE Urban and Real Estate Economics		2025.59	552.96	27.30

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort	# authors	# female	share (%)
1970		50	0	0
1971		64	3	4.69
1972		59	1	1.69
1973		77	5	6.49
1974		77	1	1.30
1975		99	4	4.04
1976		94	8	8.51
1977		71	3	4.23
1978		97	10	10.31
1979		89	5	5.62
1980		99	6	6.06
1981		118	3	2.54
1982		112	9	8.04
1983		136	15	11.03
1984		120	13	10.83
1985		143	9	6.29
1986		167	20	11.98
1987		167	24	14.37
1988		183	31	16.94
1989		197	20	10.15
1990		212	24	11.32
1991		227	31	13.66
1992		241	39	16.18
1993		261	40	15.33
1994		248	42	16.94
1995		316	54	17.09
1996		341	66	19.35
1997		308	44	14.29
1998		365	79	21.64
1999		390	81	20.77
2000		487	96	19.71
2001		453	112	24.72
2002		494	113	22.87
2003		481	111	23.08
2004		467	97	20.77
2005		540	120	22.22
2006		534	129	24.16
2007		612	157	25.65
2008		646	160	24.77
2009		643	164	25.51
2010		610	166	27.21
2011		625	151	24.16
2012		608	132	21.71
2013		584	152	26.03
2014		541	129	23.84
2015		556	141	25.36
2016		486	114	23.46
2017		467	105	22.48
2018		460	123	26.74
2019		407	93	22.85
2020		373	95	25.47
2021		326	91	27.91
2022		304	66	21.71
2023		297	81	27.27
2024		199	45	22.61
2025		130	34	26.15

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile	All (%)	10Y (%)
1-1	6.01	10.10
2-2	9.83	13.37
3-3	8.73	13.92
4-4	10.37	16.92
5-5	12.42	20.06
6-10	15.50	19.68
11-15	19.05	21.02
16-20	20.77	23.58
21-25	23.15	25.63
26-30	25.17	25.69
31-40	26.05	28.06
41-50	28.32	28.22
51-100	31.38	29.26

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

• Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Valencia, Spain.
• Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
• Author registration, institution database, and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann.
• RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel.