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Female representation in Economics, as of April 2025

These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19065 of 71402 economists are female, or a proportion of 26.7%.

Listings by

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country # authors # female share(%)
Algeria74.561722.7
Argentina401.82101.425.2
Australia1606.73403.325.1
Austria565.38128.9522.8
Azerbaijan54.851018.2
Bangladesh194.9524.6512.6
Belgium901.06240.4426.6
Bolivia90.5625.2427.8
Brazil984.01169.3717.2
Bulgaria259.32129.9250.1
Cameroun69.8913.6819.5
Canada1746.57371.1421.2
Chile468.8873.8715.7
China1595.57441.4627.6
Colombia706.51166.2823.5
Croatia166.6186.4851.9
Czech Republic540.91174.0632.1
Denmark439.87107.8824.5
Ecuador134.3837.0827.5
Egypt114.6448.0841.9
Estonia56.691831.7
Ethiopia74.3716.522.1
Finland266.6969.8626.1
France3870.551240.3832
Germany3621.22913.1825.2
Ghana135.7414.7410.8
Greece617.86144.6623.4
Hong Kong160.8630.0618.6
Hungary434.96136.1831.3
India1241.91360.5929
Indonesia451.65123.0627.2
Iran162.0221.513.2
Ireland350.38116.0933.1
Israel245.384217.1
Italy3606.151178.1332.6
Japan1277.92171.4313.4
Kazakhstan65.91827.3
Lebanon63.4618.5229.1
Luxembourg181.9346.1325.3
North Macedonia72.8332.4544.5
Malaysia396.09101.625.6
Mexico442.0385.7219.3
Morocco103.2417.116.5
Netherlands1209.59276.9122.8
New Zealand287.4466.7223.2
Nigeria400.0371.8817.9
Norway499.7295.9619.2
Pakistan548.95122.0922.2
Peru256.9444.3917.2
Philippines183.0267.0636.6
Poland759.12255.3633.6
Portugal716.69258.8636.1
Romania1176.24686.8758.3
Russia1650.04748.245.3
Saudi Arabia91.748.99.7
Singapore210.6345.7521.7
Slovakia153.8853.134.5
Slovenia52.161223
South Africa416.17124.429.8
South Korea422.9397.9723.1
Spain2666.58874.3532.7
Sri Lanka52.3523.3444.5
Sweden745.98186.3924.9
Switzerland1113.78255.9922.9
Taiwan262.160.0522.9
Thailand155.7663.9441
Tunisia264.0687.233
Turkey952.9925126.3
United Arab Emirates113.6522.0419.3
United Kingdom3993.191029.3325.7
Ukraine210.276.836.5
Uruguay132.6350.738.2
United States12756.952944.6223
Viet Nam241.8768.7528.4

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State # authors # female share (%)
Alabama (United States)101.3922.8122.4
Arkansas (United States)52.3810.1619.3
Arizona (United States)126.431.7425.1
California (United States)1201.74259.5821.6
Colorado (United States)143.3330.0120.9
Connecticut (United States)247.4448.3419.5
District of Columbia (United States)2499.19685.0727.4
Florida (United States)255.857.7822.5
Georgia (United States)302.5269.9123.1
Iowa (United States)82.1822.2527
Illinois (United States)556.6104.1518.7
Indiana (United States)278.5258.9321.1
Kansas (United States)72.0312.8917.9
Kentucky (United States)86.3415.417.8
Louisiana (United States)86.0417.3520.1
Massachusetts (United States)921.43212.0823
Maryland (United States)235.1751.2521.7
Maine (United States)52.8112.7624.1
Michigan (United States)301.2356.7918.8
Minnesota (United States)169.5738.7322.8
Missouri (United States)253.5964.7725.5
North Carolina (United States)336.0361.9718.4
Nebraska (United States)51.91121.1
New Hampshire (United States)70.3417.7725.2
New Jersey (United States)206.9145.8522.1
New York (United States)1026.94239.3323.3
Ohio (United States)297.4173.5224.7
Oklahoma (United States)87.723.8727.2
Oregon (United States)62.6518.4529.4
Pennsylvania (United States)565.36131.1223.1
Rhode Island (United States)87.9916.518.7
South Carolina (United States)86.741820.7
Tennessee (United States)157.7531.2419.8
Texas (United States)543.1109.8520.2
Utah (United States)118.9421.317.9
Virginia (United States)359.8382.2422.8
Washington (United States)101.0428.2227.9
Wisconsin (United States)165.6337.9722.9

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field # authors # female share (%)
NEP-ACC: Accounting and Auditing163.248.129.4
NEP-AFR: Africa275.9164.1223.2
NEP-AGE: Economics of Ageing331.81109.232.9
NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics1411.46398.5328.2
NEP-ARA: MENA - Middle East and North Africa356.98103.5729
NEP-BAN: Banking876.37209.4923.9
NEP-BEC: Business Economics434.5696.8622.2
NEP-BIG: Big Data259.4359.9623.1
NEP-CBA: Central Banking1243.6245.1619.7
NEP-CBE: Cognitive and Behavioural Economics353.982.5423.3
NEP-CDM: Collective Decision-Making319.566.2220.7
NEP-CFN: Corporate Finance252.7153.4221.1
NEP-CIS: Confederation of Independent States438.98180.0441
NEP-CMP: Computational Economics356.2777.4621.7
NEP-CNA: China270.1587.932.5
NEP-COM: Industrial Competition715.13136.3419
NEP-CSE: Economics of Strategic Management31698.1131
NEP-CTA: Contract Theory and Applications160.6229.9518.6
NEP-CUL: Cultural Economics77.9328.3936.4
NEP-CWA: Central and Western Asia275.7671.6425.9
NEP-DCM: Discrete Choice Models202.9650.2524.7
NEP-DEM: Demographic Economics184.379.7343.2
NEP-DES: Economic Design153.3229.9619.5
NEP-DEV: Development698.12211.9430.3
NEP-DGE: Dynamic General Equilibrium1257.35235.4218.7
NEP-ECM: Econometrics810.74121.6115
NEP-EDU: Education468.89149.2931.8
NEP-EEC: European Economics721.63183.7125.4
NEP-EFF: Efficiency and Productivity487.67121.6824.9
NEP-ENE: Energy Economics1441.25354.3524.5
NEP-ENT: Entrepreneurship344.0181.9923.8
NEP-ENV: Environmental Economics1857.6515.4427.7
NEP-ETS: Econometric Time Series341.9151.6615.1
NEP-EUR: Microeconomic European Issues808.11300.8737.2
NEP-EVO: Evolutionary Economics145.1922.3715.4
NEP-EXP: Experimental Economics1258.66348.9427.7
NEP-FDG: Financial Development and Growth436.79108.6624.8
NEP-FIN: Finance68.829.1213.2
NEP-FLE: Financial Literacy and Education63.4326.241.3
NEP-FMK: Financial Markets238.2441.8817.5
NEP-FOR: Forecasting231.849.8821.5
NEP-GEN: Gender114.8863.3155.1
NEP-GEO: Economic Geography508.43113.6622.3
NEP-GER: German Papers176.1843.324.5
NEP-GRO: Economic Growth206.3239.9719.3
NEP-GTH: Game Theory619.33109.2317.6
NEP-HAP: Economics of Happiness109.0134.5331.6
NEP-HEA: Health Economics904.92310.4534.3
NEP-HIS: Business, Economic and Financial History881.73188.5121.3
NEP-HME: Heterodox Microeconomics25766.9926
NEP-HPE: History and Philosophy of Economics268.3143.6716.2
NEP-HRM: Human Capital and Human Resource Management257.3273.3628.5
NEP-IAS: Insurance Economics252.2264.5725.6
NEP-ICT: Information and Communication Technologies143.6341.0628.5
NEP-IFN: International Finance216.0144.720.6
NEP-IND: Industrial Organization194.4638.6619.8
NEP-INO: Innovation627.27173.4227.6
NEP-INT: International Trade1295.51342.2626.4
NEP-INV: Investment54.6614.526.5
NEP-IPR: Intellectual Property Rights143.5934.0223.6
NEP-ISF: Islamic Finance197.0258.2929.5
NEP-IUE: Informal and Underground Economics139.5141.2729.5
NEP-KNM: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy135.7941.5830.6
NEP-LAB: Labour Economics1206.57378.5731.3
NEP-LAM: Central and South America189.0153.7928.4
NEP-LAW: Law and Economics294.3679.927.1
NEP-LMA: Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages549.7162.0929.4
NEP-LTV: Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty223.6860.8427.1
NEP-MAC: Macroeconomics3591.38691.0119.2
NEP-MFD: Microfinance106.0328.9827.3
NEP-MIC: Microeconomics607.2385.5814
NEP-MIG: Economics of Human Migration372.02128.7434.6
NEP-MKT: Marketing89.824.3927.1
NEP-MON: Monetary Economics1541.52310.9820.1
NEP-MST: Market Microstructure97.6120.8721.3
NEP-NET: Network Economics188.2637.1519.7
NEP-NEU: Neuroeconomics68.7930.243.9
NEP-OPM: Open Economy Macroeconomics376.5382.3521.8
NEP-ORE: Operations Research343.7665.9619.1
NEP-PAY: Payment Systems and Financial Technology380.46107.8828.3
NEP-PBE: Public Economics621.38140.3722.5
NEP-PKE: Post Keynesian Economics175.7232.2118.3
NEP-POL: Positive Political Economics421.1895.5322.6
NEP-PPM: Project, Program and Portfolio Management64.8519.1529.5
NEP-PUB: Public Finance252.8955.7722
NEP-REG: Regulation373.581.4721.8
NEP-RES: Resource Economics61.7714.8624
NEP-RMG: Risk Management394.7175.9919.2
NEP-SBM: Small Business Management453.96126.3927.8
NEP-SEA: South East Asia625.49152.4724.3
NEP-SOC: Social Norms and Social Capital280.0279.0228.2
NEP-SOG: Sociology of Economics85.6221.7125.3
NEP-SPO: Sports and Economics83.786.637.9
NEP-TID: Technology and Industrial Dynamics354.6892.3226
NEP-TRA: Transition Economics691.53255.3536.9
NEP-TRE: Transport Economics19350.526.1
NEP-TUR: Tourism Economics62.7116.8226.8
NEP-UPT: Utility Models and Prospect Theory347.4865.6418.8
NEP-URE: Urban and Real Estate Economics2022.11546.7227

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort # authors # female share (%)
19716234.8
19725711.7
19737057.1
19747311.3
19759533.1
19769388.6
19776623
19789299.7
19798655.8
19809666.2
198111032.7
198210898.3
19831321511.3
19841171210.2
198513785.8
19861591911.9
19871602213.7
19881793016.7
1989188189.5
19902032311.3
19912183114.2
19922303515.2
19932503815.2
19942324017.2
19953004816
19963235918.2
19972954414.9
19983467621.9
19993798021.1
20004669019.3
200144010824.5
200247311223.6
200346010322.3
20044529019.9
200551011522.5
200651612223.6
200758414524.8
200860914824.3
200960815625.6
201058516227.6
201158214424.7
201257212020.9
201354614426.3
201451512424
201551312624.5
201643710223.3
20174319622.2
201840710525.7
20193537922.3
20203298425.5
20212687527.9
20222525722.6
20232216328.5
20241413323.4

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in 5-percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile All (%) 10Y (%)
1-15.710.3
2-29.612.1
3-38.414.2
4-41014.4
5-513.418.6
6-1014.819.9
11-1518.621.1
16-2020.122.8
21-2523.125.1
26-3025.726.1
31-4025.326.9
41-5028.628.7
51-100

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

We do our best, but we cannot exclude errors.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.