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Female representation in Economics, as of September 2025

These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19273 of 72154 economists are female, or a proportion of 26.7%.

Listings by

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country # authors # female share(%)
Algeria75.561722.4
Argentina407.93103.4125.3
Australia1606.78402.3625
Austria570.94132.0523.1
Azerbaijan57.851017.2
Bangladesh199.7427.6513.8
Belgium913.85243.7526.6
Bolivia92.5626.2428.3
Brazil1007.7175.8617.4
Bulgaria262.42130.9249.8
Cameroun74.1515.6821.1
Canada1754.19374.0921.3
Chile473.4772.8715.3
China1620.16446.0227.5
Colombia720.52170.7823.7
Croatia168.6188.4852.4
Czech Republic554.17179.5632.4
Denmark446.12109.7724.6
Ecuador140.3738.0827.1
Egypt117.1648.0841
Estonia56.691831.7
Ethiopia79.3717.522
Finland269.2870.3426.1
France3898.651247.9832
Germany3647.62917.3725.1
Ghana141.7315.7411.1
Greece629.84147.9923.4
Hong Kong163.729.918.2
Hungary438.4137.3231.3
India1283.6374.4829.1
Indonesia456.15122.5626.8
Iran162.1221.513.2
Ireland350.82116.1933.1
Israel244.384217.1
Italy3631.521183.1132.5
Japan1292.57173.6613.4
Kazakhstan66.91826.9
Kenya50.6610.5420.8
Lebanon69.9720.5229.3
Luxembourg186.1348.1325.8
Macao50.915.931.2
North Macedonia72.8332.4544.5
Malaysia396.72100.725.3
Mexico448.7886.6319.3
Morocco109.2419.117.4
Netherlands1215.4280.3923
New Zealand288.5266.6223
Nigeria408.5972.8817.8
Norway499.4396.8619.3
Pakistan554.45125.0922.5
Peru260.1244.3917
Philippines185.6167.6936.4
Poland770.57257.3633.3
Portugal719.3260.9636.2
Romania1174.57687.258.5
Russia1641.48743.445.2
Saudi Arabia92.148.99.6
Singapore210.8445.7521.6
Slovakia156.5653.634.2
Slovenia53.161324.4
South Africa423.69124.5429.3
South Korea429.3998.0422.8
Spain2684.9879.332.7
Sri Lanka52.3523.3444.5
Sweden745.57187.3725.1
Switzerland1118.06256.6422.9
Taiwan263.1160.0522.8
Thailand162.0163.9439.4
Tunisia269.0589.733.3
Turkey957.53251.9826.3
United Arab Emirates115.6323.0419.9
United Kingdom4013.451039.8825.9
Ukraine211.3579.0537.4
Uruguay132.5949.737.4
United States12845.632984.5623.2
Viet Nam242.268.7528.3

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State # authors # female share (%)
Alabama (United States)101.8922.8122.3
Arkansas (United States)51.3810.1619.7
Arizona (United States)126.6531.4924.8
California (United States)1202.1259.0821.5
Colorado (United States)145.8332.0121.9
Connecticut (United States)255.0551.1420
District of Columbia (United States)2506.96689.3927.4
Delaware (United States)50.5218.0235.6
Florida (United States)260.0557.7822.2
Georgia (United States)307.4571.5223.2
Iowa (United States)84.432226
Illinois (United States)554.63105.218.9
Indiana (United States)289.1261.9321.4
Kansas (United States)70.5412.8918.2
Kentucky (United States)87.8415.417.5
Louisiana (United States)86.6417.3520
Massachusetts (United States)931.95215.0323
Maryland (United States)235.2350.7521.5
Maine (United States)53.8112.7623.7
Michigan (United States)300.5457.1319
Minnesota (United States)170.0737.7322.1
Missouri (United States)251.5665.2725.9
North Carolina (United States)339.9360.4717.7
Nebraska (United States)56.41323
New Hampshire (United States)70.8417.7725
New Jersey (United States)205.1645.121.9
New York (United States)1034.43246.923.8
Ohio (United States)299.8374.5124.8
Oklahoma (United States)86.723.8727.5
Oregon (United States)64.6519.4530
Pennsylvania (United States)565.4134.1323.7
Rhode Island (United States)85.8916.519.2
South Carolina (United States)87.741820.5
Tennessee (United States)157.7531.2419.8
Texas (United States)553.51115.3820.8
Utah (United States)118.9421.317.9
Virginia (United States)357.380.7322.5
Washington (United States)101.0429.2228.9
Wisconsin (United States)167.5838.9723.2

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field # authors # female share (%)
NEP-ACC: Accounting and Auditing164.5347.5928.9
NEP-AFR: Africa281.5366.323.5
NEP-AGE: Economics of Ageing335.44108.8532.4
NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics1461.54409.3528
NEP-ARA: MENA - Middle East and North Africa367.45106.0528.8
NEP-BAN: Banking892.75209.7323.4
NEP-BEC: Business Economics443.7697.321.9
NEP-BIG: Big Data262.8758.9922.4
NEP-CBA: Central Banking1271.93249.8419.6
NEP-CBE: Cognitive and Behavioural Economics355.4481.4622.9
NEP-CDM: Collective Decision-Making326.368.9821.1
NEP-CFN: Corporate Finance262.9355.6121.1
NEP-CIS: Confederation of Independent States445.04181.1340.7
NEP-CMP: Computational Economics362.278.1721.5
NEP-CNA: China284.0591.9132.3
NEP-COM: Industrial Competition723.31139.3519.2
NEP-CSE: Economics of Strategic Management322.4101.1331.3
NEP-CTA: Contract Theory and Applications163.2229.9718.3
NEP-CUL: Cultural Economics79.6230.4538.2
NEP-CWA: Central and Western Asia268.9369.2325.7
NEP-DCM: Discrete Choice Models213.2953.4825
NEP-DEM: Demographic Economics192.0683.6143.5
NEP-DES: Economic Design158.553119.5
NEP-DEV: Development711.26212.5829.8
NEP-DGE: Dynamic General Equilibrium1264.97235.3118.6
NEP-ECM: Econometrics819.66121.2114.7
NEP-EDU: Education467.73148.9431.8
NEP-EEC: European Economics753.89195.0725.8
NEP-EFF: Efficiency and Productivity499.9124.324.8
NEP-ENE: Energy Economics1483.33363.1724.4
NEP-ENT: Entrepreneurship349.8784.4924.1
NEP-ENV: Environmental Economics1928.25532.9927.6
NEP-ETS: Econometric Time Series350.7453.4915.2
NEP-EUR: Microeconomic European Issues820.67307.2637.4
NEP-EVO: Evolutionary Economics147.0823.0615.6
NEP-EXP: Experimental Economics1275.88356.7227.9
NEP-FDG: Financial Development and Growth457.12112.6324.6
NEP-FLE: Financial Literacy and Education66.5626.7640.2
NEP-FMK: Financial Markets238.5641.7517.5
NEP-FOR: Forecasting238.5751.0421.3
NEP-GEN: Gender118.8565.5755.1
NEP-GEO: Economic Geography515.13115.922.5
NEP-GER: German Papers182.5545.4124.8
NEP-GRO: Economic Growth209.2240.5919.4
NEP-GTH: Game Theory630.01114.6818.2
NEP-HAP: Economics of Happiness111.1132.5629.3
NEP-HEA: Health Economics922.09319.7634.6
NEP-HIS: Business, Economic and Financial History907.46196.4521.6
NEP-HME: Heterodox Microeconomics265.1671.0726.8
NEP-HPE: History and Philosophy of Economics268.1643.916.3
NEP-HRM: Human Capital and Human Resource Management262.1174.6928.4
NEP-IAS: Insurance Economics247.6464.2425.9
NEP-ICT: Information and Communication Technologies145.0438.4526.5
NEP-IFN: International Finance230.7446.8920.3
NEP-IND: Industrial Organization199.6539.1619.6
NEP-INO: Innovation625.51175.3728
NEP-INT: International Trade1289.36342.2226.5
NEP-INV: Investment6115.7525.8
NEP-IPR: Intellectual Property Rights14434.2423.7
NEP-ISF: Islamic Finance194.8157.3129.4
NEP-IUE: Informal and Underground Economics144.343.3430
NEP-KNM: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy134.3140.7430.3
NEP-LAB: Labour Economics1223.53389.4831.8
NEP-LAM: Central and South America191.2654.1328.3
NEP-LAW: Law and Economics304.0282.9927.2
NEP-LMA: Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages569.1170.429.9
NEP-LTV: Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty220.0458.2326.4
NEP-MAC: Macroeconomics3560.57687.119.2
NEP-MFD: Microfinance107.7128.7926.7
NEP-MIC: Microeconomics628.189.2714.2
NEP-MIG: Economics of Human Migration374.18129.534.6
NEP-MKT: Marketing89.0423.9426.8
NEP-MON: Monetary Economics1580.03316.9320
NEP-MST: Market Microstructure98.5221.621.9
NEP-NET: Network Economics195.6540.220.5
NEP-NEU: Neuroeconomics72.431.3143.2
NEP-OPM: Open Economy Macroeconomics383.4683.4221.7
NEP-ORE: Operations Research336.3164.2819.1
NEP-PAY: Payment Systems and Financial Technology392.53109.5427.9
NEP-PBE: Public Economics624.01143.9223
NEP-PKE: Post Keynesian Economics179.3133.4118.6
NEP-POL: Positive Political Economics433.83101.4123.3
NEP-PPM: Project, Program and Portfolio Management68.4620.3829.7
NEP-PUB: Public Finance254.5157.5622.6
NEP-REG: Regulation380.4785.0822.3
NEP-RES: Resource Economics62.414.8923.8
NEP-RMG: Risk Management397.7377.2319.4
NEP-SBM: Small Business Management468.73131.7728.1
NEP-SEA: South East Asia644.47158.2924.5
NEP-SOC: Social Norms and Social Capital281.9578.8427.9
NEP-SOG: Sociology of Economics88.122.8725.9
NEP-SPO: Sports and Economics85.257.468.7
NEP-TID: Technology and Industrial Dynamics359.8493.6526
NEP-TRA: Transition Economics700.63258.336.8
NEP-TRE: Transport Economics196.1150.9525.9
NEP-TUR: Tourism Economics63.218.3829
NEP-UPT: Utility Models and Prospect Theory353.3669.5619.6
NEP-URE: Urban and Real Estate Economics2052.73562.2727.3

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort # authors # female share (%)
19716334.7
19725811.7
19737356.8
19747611.3
19759744.1
19769488.5
19777022.8
19789399.6
19798555.8
19809766.1
198111332.6
198211198.1
19831341511.1
19841201310.8
198514096.4
19861642012.1
19871602213.7
19881823117
1989191189.4
19902042311.2
19912233113.9
19922363615.2
19932573915.1
19942414217.4
19953034815.8
19963296118.5
19972974414.8
19983547721.7
19993848221.3
20004739520
200144511024.7
200248211323.4
200346810722.8
20044599520.6
200552311722.3
200652312624
200759715025.1
200862615424.6
200961915925.6
201059816427.4
201159914824.7
201258612521.3
201356414826.2
201451912524
201553413224.7
201645310523.1
201745110322.8
201843211426.3
20193778622.8
20203458925.7
20212968328
20222685821.6
20232557228.2
20241704124.1
2025772127.2

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in 5-percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile All (%) 10Y (%)
1-15.810.2
2-29.913.1
3-38.114.1
4-410.313.7
5-51320.4
6-1015.119.5
11-1518.620.8
16-2020.723.6
21-2523.724.8
26-3025.125.3
31-4025.827.2
41-5028.128.7
51-100

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

We do our best, but we cannot exclude errors.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.