These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19853 of 74012 economists are female, or a proportion of 26.82%.

Listings by

• Country
• US state
• Field
• Cohort
• Ranking

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country	# authors	# female	share(%)
Algeria	77.57	17	21.92
Argentina	439.00	110.76	25.23
Australia	1656.19	420.62	25.40
Austria	608.56	143.11	23.52
Azerbaijan	55.95	8	14.30
Bangladesh	216.38	27.15	12.55
Belgium	963.60	261.43	27.13
Bolivia	93.47	24.15	25.84
Brazil	1098.03	191.86	17.47
Bulgaria	263.50	136	51.61
Cameroun	77.65	16.68	21.48
Canada	1804.00	383.17	21.24
Chile	491.31	77.87	15.85
China	1717.56	475.67	27.69
Colombia	762.27	184.58	24.21
Croatia	172.05	91.75	53.33
Cyprus	52.28	10.50	20.08
Czech Republic	579.06	192.56	33.25
Denmark	474.27	115.49	24.35
Ecuador	144.48	39.05	27.03
Egypt	122.57	48.60	39.65
Estonia	56.69	18	31.75
Ethiopia	81.37	15.50	19.05
Finland	286.05	72.85	25.47
France	4030.98	1283.73	31.85
Germany	3682.27	938.71	25.49
Ghana	142.91	15.74	11.01
Greece	643.47	147.54	22.93
Hong Kong	175.74	30.90	17.58
Hungary	436.62	137.82	31.56
India	1343.46	391.57	29.15
Indonesia	477.67	128.56	26.91
Iran	181.19	26.50	14.63
Ireland	366.32	117.60	32.10
Israel	245.84	42	17.08
Italy	3754.73	1224.28	32.61
Japan	1319.41	180.63	13.69
Kazakhstan	72.65	22	30.28
Kenya	54.46	12.54	23.03
Lebanon	94.86	33.52	35.34
Luxembourg	340.78	94.14	27.62
Macao	52.89	16.90	31.95
North Macedonia	72.33	33.45	46.25
Malaysia	401.99	106.70	26.54
Mexico	480.46	94.71	19.71
Mongolia	52.57	20.10	38.23
Morocco	119.24	21.10	17.70
Netherlands	1312.12	295.27	22.50
New Zealand	298.36	70.12	23.50
Nigeria	426.07	77.88	18.28
Norway	509.83	100.89	19.79
Pakistan	577.28	130.59	22.62
Peru	281.50	53.59	19.04
Philippines	218.03	76.97	35.30
Poland	813.32	269.39	33.12
Portugal	766.73	282.35	36.83
Romania	1204.98	706.60	58.64
Russia	1644.21	739.50	44.98
Saudi Arabia	93.71	8.40	8.96
Singapore	220.60	50.25	22.78
Slovakia	159.91	53.80	33.64
Slovenia	54.77	14	25.56
South Africa	447.97	136.00	30.36
South Korea	445.92	101.04	22.66
Spain	2848.97	923.82	32.43
Sri Lanka	52.36	22.35	42.68
Sweden	771.33	193.38	25.07
Switzerland	1157.94	270.83	23.39
Taiwan	271.12	62.05	22.89
Thailand	172.05	67.45	39.20
Tunisia	273.22	91.20	33.38
Turkey	994.38	259.94	26.14
United Arab Emirates	121.08	23.04	19.03
United Kingdom	4160.74	1073.58	25.80
Ukraine	217.45	82.15	37.78
Uruguay	130.60	49.70	38.06
Viet Nam	255.04	70.25	27.54

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State	# authors	# female	share (%)
Alabama (United States)	104.43	24.81	23.76
Arkansas (United States)	54.38	10.16	18.68
Arizona (United States)	127.75	32.59	25.51
California (United States)	1268.13	262.74	20.72
Colorado (United States)	145.84	31.26	21.43
Connecticut (United States)	264.84	51.81	19.56
District of Columbia (United States)	2572.52	706.73	27.47
Delaware (United States)	51.52	18.02	34.98
Florida (United States)	261.00	56.29	21.57
Georgia (United States)	319.02	74.52	23.36
Iowa (United States)	88.43	24	27.14
Illinois (United States)	571.94	111.55	19.50
Indiana (United States)	295.10	66.89	22.67
Kansas (United States)	72.53	12.90	17.79
Kentucky (United States)	89.34	16.40	18.36
Louisiana (United States)	93.62	18.85	20.13
Massachusetts (United States)	1017.08	236.82	23.28
Maryland (United States)	240.79	52.56	21.83
Maine (United States)	55.85	14.76	26.43
Michigan (United States)	320.77	62.80	19.58
Minnesota (United States)	174.09	38.74	22.25
Missouri (United States)	259.15	68.27	26.34
North Carolina (United States)	360.24	66.14	18.36
Nebraska (United States)	60.90	13	21.35
New Hampshire (United States)	72.36	17.78	24.57
New Jersey (United States)	205.44	44.60	21.71
New York (United States)	1091.97	266.76	24.43
Ohio (United States)	319.40	83.62	26.18
Oklahoma (United States)	87.71	22.87	26.08
Oregon (United States)	72.13	23.43	32.48
Pennsylvania (United States)	579.27	136.54	23.57
Rhode Island (United States)	86.89	17.50	20.14
South Carolina (United States)	90.73	21.99	24.24
Tennessee (United States)	173.14	34.25	19.78
Texas (United States)	564.92	116.99	20.71
Utah (United States)	116.57	21.40	18.36
Virginia (United States)	382.84	86.56	22.61
Washington (United States)	107.59	30.22	28.09
Wisconsin (United States)	168.63	39.97	23.70

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field	# authors	# female	share (%)
ACC Accounting and Auditing	155.46	44.27	28.47
AFR Africa	287.54	67.75	23.56
AGE Economics of Ageing	335.79	108.65	32.36
AGR Agricultural Economics	1499.37	424.88	28.34
AIN Artificial Intelligence	60.47	12.89	21.31
ARA MENA - Middle East and North Africa	345.88	97.52	28.19
BAN Banking	834.54	196.07	23.50
BEC Business Economics	454.10	99.19	21.84
BIG Big Data	280.02	66.94	23.90
CBA Central Banking	1278.60	251.88	19.70
CBE Cognitive and Behavioural Economics	351.58	82.29	23.41
CDM Collective Decision-Making	319.39	66.92	20.95
CFN Corporate Finance	244.27	53.47	21.89
CIS Confederation of Independent States	447.38	174.68	39.04
CMP Computational Economics	368.05	79.68	21.65
CNA China	278.67	88.86	31.89
COM Industrial Competition	729.20	134.89	18.50
CSE Economics of Strategic Management	299.70	94.55	31.55
CTA Contract Theory and Applications	149.01	24.54	16.47
CUL Cultural Economics	79.04	29.55	37.39
CWA Central and Western Asia	239.97	57.27	23.87
DCM Discrete Choice Models	217.98	50.08	22.98
DEM Demographic Economics	187.15	82.56	44.12
DES Economic Design	169.18	31.77	18.78
DEV Development	719.90	217.61	30.23
DGE Dynamic General Equilibrium	1258.24	227.04	18.04
ECM Econometrics	831.76	120.03	14.43
EDU Education	477.65	149.73	31.35
EEC European Economics	758.94	198.92	26.21
EFF Efficiency and Productivity	498.20	121.66	24.42
ENE Energy Economics	1530.24	368.67	24.09
ENT Entrepreneurship	339.35	81.80	24.11
ENV Environmental Economics	2039.08	561.13	27.52
ETS Econometric Time Series	349.10	55.02	15.76
EUR Microeconomic European Issues	818.14	302.83	37.01
EVO Evolutionary Economics	148.82	26.84	18.03
EXP Experimental Economics	1337.05	382.59	28.61
FDG Financial Development and Growth	470.20	115.31	24.52
FLE Financial Literacy and Education	68.76	27.64	40.20
FMK Financial Markets	231.40	40.35	17.44
FOR Forecasting	247.65	52.03	21.01
GEN Gender	121.95	63.59	52.14
GEO Economic Geography	502.81	109.48	21.77
GER German Papers	191.30	48.28	25.24
GRO Economic Growth	204.65	41.64	20.35
GTH Game Theory	635.19	112.58	17.72
HAP Economics of Happiness	107.14	31.00	28.93
HEA Health Economics	936.91	323.42	34.52
HIS Business, Economic and Financial History	948.38	207.34	21.86
HME Heterodox Microeconomics	265.89	71.96	27.06
HPE History and Philosophy of Economics	261.73	36.18	13.82
HRM Human Capital and Human Resource Management	258.07	74.67	28.93
IAS Insurance Economics	227.07	57.30	25.24
ICT Information and Communication Technologies	137.73	35.02	25.43
IFN International Finance	250.57	52.97	21.14
IND Industrial Organization	204.16	37.09	18.17
INO Innovation	603.62	163.89	27.15
INT International Trade	1287.39	345.18	26.81
INV Investment	95.67	24.88	26.00
IPR Intellectual Property Rights	130.22	32.04	24.61
ISF Islamic Finance	188.03	56.65	30.13
IUE Informal and Underground Economics	143.80	41.45	28.82
KNM Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy	122.97	33.00	26.83
LAB Labour Economics	1237.18	397.34	32.12
LAM Central and South America	199.59	57.23	28.67
LAW Law and Economics	304.53	80.58	26.46
LMA Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages	623.28	189.90	30.47
LTV Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty	217.31	57.59	26.50
MAC Macroeconomics	3383.09	646.25	19.10
MFD Microfinance	104.04	30.16	28.99
MIC Microeconomics	648.33	88.35	13.63
MIG Economics of Human Migration	371.16	122.70	33.06
MKT Marketing	79.53	21.52	27.06
MON Monetary Economics	1626.36	330.94	20.35
MST Market Microstructure	93.09	18.34	19.70
NET Network Economics	193.68	40.95	21.14
NEU Neuroeconomics	76.82	32.50	42.30
OPM Open Economy Macroeconomics	395.77	88.94	22.47
ORE Operations Research	307.09	54.55	17.76
PAY Payment Systems and Financial Technology	400.71	106.14	26.49
PBE Public Economics	626.39	134.05	21.40
PKE Post Keynesian Economics	174.48	31.32	17.95
POL Positive Political Economics	436.69	101.37	23.21
PPM Project, Program and Portfolio Management	65.84	19.66	29.86
PUB Public Finance	260.45	53.88	20.69
REG Regulation	384.68	82.71	21.50
RES Resource Economics	59.30	13.42	22.63
RMG Risk Management	406.05	75.27	18.54
SBM Small Business Management	469.79	129.39	27.54
SEA South East Asia	656.53	165.99	25.28
SOC Social Norms and Social Capital	284.80	80.80	28.37
SOG Sociology of Economics	74.51	16.64	22.33
SPO Sports and Economics	89.04	7.56	8.49
TID Technology and Industrial Dynamics	360.88	90.15	24.98
TRA Transition Economics	686.48	241.93	35.24
TRE Transport Economics	203.23	53.17	26.16
TUR Tourism Economics	56.92	16.51	29.01
UPT Utility Models and Prospect Theory	341.20	66.30	19.43
URE Urban and Real Estate Economics	2031.63	554.88	27.31

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort	# authors	# female	share (%)
1970	51	0	0
1971	67	3	4.48
1972	61	1	1.64
1973	77	5	6.49
1974	78	1	1.28
1975	99	4	4.04
1976	97	8	8.25
1977	74	3	4.05
1978	96	10	10.42
1979	90	5	5.56
1980	100	7	7.00
1981	119	3	2.52
1982	114	9	7.89
1983	137	15	10.95
1984	122	14	11.48
1985	149	9	6.04
1986	168	20	11.90
1987	171	26	15.20
1988	187	31	16.58
1989	199	20	10.05
1990	213	24	11.27
1991	232	32	13.79
1992	243	41	16.87
1993	264	41	15.53
1994	251	42	16.73
1995	321	55	17.13
1996	346	66	19.08
1997	314	45	14.33
1998	368	81	22.01
1999	395	85	21.52
2000	490	98	20
2001	461	113	24.51
2002	501	115	22.95
2003	484	112	23.14
2004	471	99	21.02
2005	550	122	22.18
2006	538	132	24.54
2007	619	162	26.17
2008	653	165	25.27
2009	650	165	25.38
2010	619	167	26.98
2011	633	151	23.85
2012	617	134	21.72
2013	598	157	26.25
2014	549	131	23.86
2015	569	144	25.31
2016	498	118	23.69
2017	474	108	22.78
2018	473	127	26.85
2019	425	99	23.29
2020	385	99	25.71
2021	357	102	28.57
2022	319	70	21.94
2023	321	86	26.79
2024	223	48	21.52
2025	155	40	25.81
2026	51	8	15.69

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile	All (%)	10Y (%)
1-1	6.08	10.13
2-2	9.46	12.84
3-3	9.05	15.40
4-4	11.35	17.16
5-5	11.75	18.38
6-10	15.62	20.02
11-15	19.08	21.46
16-20	21.37	23.05
21-25	23.37	25.81
26-30	25.19	25.64
31-40	26.02	27.51
41-50	28.35	28.98
51-100	31.36	29.27

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

• Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Valencia, Spain.
• Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
• Author registration, institution database, and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann.
• RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel.