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Female representation in Economics, as of April 2023

These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 17512 of 66407 economists are female, or a proportion of 26.3%.

Listings by

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country # authors # female share(%)
Algeria70.971419.7
Argentina383.3493.8824.4
Australia1550.3387.4224.9
Austria517.9110.2721.2
Bangladesh154.1917.1411.1
Belgium850.89218.9625.7
Bolivia79.4820.8426.2
Brazil851.93136.2515.9
Bulgaria242.81122.4250.4
Cameroun57.899.1815.8
Canada1694.41357.2721
Chile448.0768.415.2
China1413.54380.4826.9
Colombia678.81154.4222.7
Croatia165.9185.8151.7
Czech Republic506.23165.1732.6
Denmark428.16103.6124.2
Ecuador108.820.2918.6
Egypt103.6136.6135.3
Estonia56.11832
Ethiopia66.1514.521.9
Finland262.4163.824.3
France3735.931216.5232.5
Germany3525.43888.0425.1
Ghana123.0810.58.5
Greece576.99130.5722.6
Hong Kong153.8427.0617.5
Hungary316.5488.0227.8
India1152.76333.4128.9
Indonesia379.4296.1625.3
Iran150.22113.9
Ireland326.52105.3932.2
Israel245.84016.2
Italy3357.641098.3132.7
Japan1201.1158.8213.2
Kazakhstan53.151528.2
Luxembourg169.8739.8323.4
North Macedonia69.1330.4544
Malaysia362.690.9625
Mexico419.6876.3118.1
Morocco85.5515.618.2
Netherlands1151.44260.2922.6
New Zealand277.8462.9222.6
Nigeria337.960.0517.7
Norway477.9987.3818.2
Pakistan493.5105.8321.4
Peru236.0241.7917.7
Philippines165.5560.4236.4
Poland700.03233.933.4
Portugal686.19245.8135.8
Romania1149.88669.0758.1
Russia1597.59716.144.8
Saudi Arabia78.155.46.9
Singapore199.8242.7521.3
Slovakia141.8549.6134.9
Slovenia52.261222.9
South Africa373.89113.0730.2
South Korea381.3287.2622.8
Spain2463.84798.0732.3
Sweden719.88181.7225.2
Switzerland1046.55246.3523.5
Taiwan255.295722.3
Thailand127.1648.6438.2
Tunisia248.4377.8431.3
Turkey899.65230.6625.6
United Arab Emirates101.7716.8416.5
United Kingdom3830.25983.6325.6
Ukraine20976.836.7
Uruguay127.2648.8538.3
United States12028.62721.4322.6
Viet Nam19453.7527.7

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State # authors # female share (%)
Alabama (United States)99.3322.722.8
Arizona (United States)111.9128.3925.3
California (United States)1146.71246.8921.5
Colorado (United States)136.8529.0121.2
Connecticut (United States)229.8942.7418.5
District of Columbia (United States)2326.66622.0426.7
Florida (United States)241.3755.9923.1
Georgia (United States)291.4467.2123
Iowa (United States)80.5818.522.9
Illinois (United States)529.0294.1917.8
Indiana (United States)255.7453.7521
Kansas (United States)67.0310.8916.2
Kentucky (United States)84.071619
Louisiana (United States)80.6114.8818.4
Massachusetts (United States)873.02200.0322.9
Maryland (United States)232.8443.318.5
Michigan (United States)298.9558.419.5
Minnesota (United States)170.9838.7322.6
Missouri (United States)232.5357.824.8
North Carolina (United States)314.8460.2719.1
New Hampshire (United States)64.8617.7927.4
New Jersey (United States)193.3741.1721.2
New York (United States)991.14230.3523.2
Ohio (United States)267.4356.0320.9
Oklahoma (United States)83.221.8726.2
Oregon (United States)59.9416.527.5
Pennsylvania (United States)542.64129.4423.8
Rhode Island (United States)86.3615.517.9
South Carolina (United States)82.2715.518.8
Tennessee (United States)141.2627.4219.4
Texas (United States)480.94103.321.4
Utah (United States)110.814.312.9
Virginia (United States)341.5573.7221.5
Washington (United States)96.8324.7825.5
Wisconsin (United States)156.4935.4722.6

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field # authors # female share (%)
NEP-ACC: Accounting & Auditing171.3947.6227.7
NEP-AFR: Africa308.8475.2124.3
NEP-AGE: Economics of Ageing339.21102.0530
NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics1398.26395.8528.3
NEP-ARA: MENA - Middle East & North Africa368.97107.1929
NEP-BAN: Banking805.92203.9325.3
NEP-BEC: Business Economics449.5598.0921.8
NEP-BIG: Big Data202.7850.3524.8
NEP-CBA: Central Banking1217.87248.3720.3
NEP-CBE: Cognitive & Behavioural Economics390.63108.0527.6
NEP-CDM: Collective Decision-Making351.167220.5
NEP-CFN: Corporate Finance271.9555.0520.2
NEP-CIS: Confederation of Independent States479.22215.644.9
NEP-CMP: Computational Economics345.9378.3722.6
NEP-CNA: China268.9892.6534.4
NEP-COM: Industrial Competition719.71138.9319.3
NEP-CSE: Economics of Strategic Management379.06120.4531.7
NEP-CTA: Contract Theory & Applications168.0135.1420.9
NEP-CUL: Cultural Economics87.5336.3241.5
NEP-CWA: Central & Western Asia319.2977.9224.4
NEP-DCM: Discrete Choice Models208.5458.9128.2
NEP-DEM: Demographic Economics186.978.642
NEP-DES: Economic Design92.617.2518.6
NEP-DEV: Development734.95216.8129.4
NEP-DGE: Dynamic General Equilibrium1270.93244.5519.2
NEP-ECM: Econometrics804.68127.9215.8
NEP-EDU: Education532.98176.3233
NEP-EEC: European Economics665.96171.1725.7
NEP-EFF: Efficiency & Productivity522.96141.6627
NEP-ENE: Energy Economics1359.5322.8223.7
NEP-ENT: Entrepreneurship354.7986.7724.4
NEP-ENV: Environmental Economics1670.05447.3526.7
NEP-ETS: Econometric Time Series352.9152.4614.8
NEP-EUR: Microeconomic European Issues813.55308.1137.8
NEP-EVO: Evolutionary Economics149.6528.8319.2
NEP-EXP: Experimental Economics1208.36338.3828
NEP-FDG: Financial Development & Growth366.3799.5627.1
NEP-FMK: Financial Markets240.7945.2818.8
NEP-FOR: Forecasting274.359.6721.7
NEP-GEN: Gender113.0559.5652.6
NEP-GEO: Economic Geography537.78121.1222.5
NEP-GER: German Papers178.6445.2225.3
NEP-GRO: Economic Growth243.9548.8420
NEP-GTH: Game Theory618.9111.6618
NEP-HAP: Economics of Happiness129.8240.9531.5
NEP-HEA: Health Economics890.48293.7932.9
NEP-HIS: Business, Economic & Financial History850.48172.6720.3
NEP-HME: Heterodox Microeconomics289.9586.6929.8
NEP-HPE: History & Philosophy of Economics290.4455.1718.9
NEP-HRM: Human Capital & Human Resource Management263.9677.1329.2
NEP-IAS: Insurance Economics30885.1227.6
NEP-ICT: Information & Communication Technologies147.8141.9828.4
NEP-IFN: International Finance200.9640.6820.2
NEP-IND: Industrial Organization180.9537.1820.5
NEP-INO: Innovation668.45184.0527.5
NEP-INT: International Trade1268.58347.8727.4
NEP-IPR: Intellectual Property Rights136.9437.727.5
NEP-ISF: Islamic Finance221.4361.3227.6
NEP-IUE: Informal & Underground Economics152.2139.2525.7
NEP-KNM: Knowledge Management & Knowledge Economy159.8950.4831.5
NEP-LAB: Labour Economics1185.66366.8930.9
NEP-LAM: Central & South America217.0658.3326.8
NEP-LAW: Law & Economics302.9476.2125.1
NEP-LMA: Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, & Wages503.12150.729.9
NEP-LTV: Unemployment, Inequality & Poverty228.7560.2426.3
NEP-MAC: Macroeconomics4035.05792.1719.6
NEP-MFD: Microfinance122.1331.7826
NEP-MIC: Microeconomics585.6582.7914.1
NEP-MIG: Economics of Human Migration393.15140.8835.8
NEP-MKT: Marketing125.8939.1831.1
NEP-MON: Monetary Economics1449.33295.3120.3
NEP-MST: Market Microstructure99.4920.8320.9
NEP-NET: Network Economics206.6144.3421.4
NEP-NEU: Neuroeconomics77.8333.1642.6
NEP-OPM: Open Economy Macroeconomics393.8189.6322.7
NEP-ORE: Operations Research411.4179.9619.4
NEP-PAY: Payment Systems & Financial Technology323.2283.5925.8
NEP-PBE: Public Economics630.11139.0422
NEP-PKE: Post Keynesian Economics202.0840.2819.9
NEP-POL: Positive Political Economics445.5196.8721.7
NEP-PPM: Project, Program & Portfolio Management82.0823.2328.3
NEP-PUB: Public Finance238.948.2620.2
NEP-REG: Regulation375.3787.2823.2
NEP-RES: Resource Economics67.1818.9328.1
NEP-RMG: Risk Management423.6189.8221.2
NEP-SBM: Small Business Management426.06121.1628.4
NEP-SEA: South East Asia623.81155.3624.9
NEP-SOC: Social Norms & Social Capital326.4897.5629.8
NEP-SOG: Sociology of Economics96.6722.0122.7
NEP-SPO: Sports & Economics82.837.088.5
NEP-TID: Technology & Industrial Dynamics325.6282.8525.4
NEP-TRA: Transition Economics800318.5539.8
NEP-TRE: Transport Economics195.1447.924.5
NEP-TUR: Tourism Economics65.5621.5932.9
NEP-UPT: Utility Models & Prospect Theory363.7379.7421.9
NEP-URE: Urban & Real Estate Economics1905.81525.4427.5

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort # authors # female share (%)
19736357.9
19745711.7
19757534
19767745.1
19787179.8
19796035
19807845.1
19818722.2
19828778
19831171210.2
198484910.7
198511454.3
19861301713
19871271411
19881452416.5
19891531610.4
1990160159.3
19911772413.5
19921822815.3
19931963417.3
19941733017.3
19952253816.8
19962464217
19972263615.9
19982776222.3
19992976220.8
20003867920.4
20013528925.2
20023788723
20033688021.7
20043546919.4
20054089423
20064069924.3
200745911625.2
200849312124.5
200948413127
201046913228.1
201142911326.3
20124398920.2
201339310225.9
20143629425.9
20153347723
20162626424.4
20172354920.8
20182045828.4
20191713922.8
20201414028.3
2021982222.4
2022761722.3

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in 5-percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile All (%) 10Y (%)
1-15.410
2-29.110.8
3-38.215.8
4-41015.2
5-511.715.9
6-1014.618.3
11-1517.821.7
16-2020.222.9
21-2523.423.4
26-3024.425.1
31-4025.926.9
41-502828.3
51-100

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

We do our best, but we cannot exclude errors.
IDEAS is a RePEc service hosted by the Research Division of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis . RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.