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Female representation in Economics, as of June 2025

These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19119 of 71625 economists are female, or a proportion of 26.6%.

Listings by

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country # authors # female share(%)
Algeria74.561722.7
Argentina402.35101.4125.2
Australia1608.08403.3525
Austria567.04130.1422.9
Azerbaijan55.851017.9
Bangladesh196.6424.6512.5
Belgium915.43244.7426.7
Bolivia90.5625.2427.8
Brazil997.5172.8717.3
Bulgaria259.32129.9250.1
Cameroun70.1513.6819.5
Canada1746.11371.5421.2
Chile469.4773.8715.7
China1606.46444.4627.6
Colombia710.69168.2823.6
Croatia166.6186.4851.9
Czech Republic543.44174.0632
Denmark442.23109.8824.8
Ecuador134.8837.0827.4
Egypt116.1648.0841.3
Estonia56.691831.7
Ethiopia74.8716.522
Finland268.8469.8625.9
France3885.561239.3631.8
Germany3634.33915.2625.1
Ghana136.7414.7410.7
Greece623.95146.6623.5
Hong Kong163.3630.5618.7
Hungary434.66136.1831.3
India1246.46361.5929
Indonesia451.65123.0627.2
Iran161.0221.513.3
Ireland350.42116.0933.1
Israel244.384217.1
Italy3620.011182.3132.6
Japan1283.17173.3313.5
Kazakhstan65.91827.3
Kenya51.6610.5420.4
Lebanon63.9618.5228.9
Luxembourg182.9347.1325.7
Macao50.8915.931.2
North Macedonia72.8332.4544.5
Malaysia395.19101.725.7
Mexico443.4385.6319.3
Morocco106.2417.116
Netherlands1211.63278.9923
New Zealand288.4566.6223
Nigeria398.5971.8818
Norway497.2293.9618.8
Pakistan548.95122.0922.2
Peru258.9244.3917.1
Philippines183.9767.0236.4
Poland765.97256.3633.4
Portugal713.8257.9636.1
Romania1176.24686.8758.3
Russia1626.26736.245.2
Saudi Arabia91.748.99.7
Singapore212.0845.7521.5
Slovakia154.1353.134.4
Slovenia52.161223
South Africa419.32123.529.4
South Korea429.5999.1323
Spain2671.23875.3532.7
Sri Lanka52.3523.3444.5
Sweden742.98185.8925
Switzerland1113.92256.1422.9
Taiwan264.160.0522.7
Thailand156.0163.9440.9
Tunisia266.0688.233.1
Turkey954.5525326.5
United Arab Emirates113.6522.0419.3
United Kingdom4008.291036.9925.8
Ukraine212.4579.0537.2
Uruguay132.6350.738.2
United States12764.472954.4923.1
Viet Nam241.8768.7528.4

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State # authors # female share (%)
Alabama (United States)100.3922.8122.7
Arkansas (United States)52.3810.1619.3
Arizona (United States)127.431.7424.9
California (United States)1199.64260.5821.7
Colorado (United States)143.3330.0120.9
Connecticut (United States)247.9848.6419.6
District of Columbia (United States)2497.18684.9627.4
Delaware (United States)50.5218.0235.6
Florida (United States)255.857.7822.5
Georgia (United States)302.7770.5223.2
Iowa (United States)83.1822.2526.7
Illinois (United States)555.15103.218.5
Indiana (United States)279.1759.9321.4
Kansas (United States)72.5412.8917.7
Kentucky (United States)86.3415.417.8
Louisiana (United States)86.6417.3520
Massachusetts (United States)928.05214.6923.1
Maryland (United States)233.9250.2521.4
Maine (United States)52.8112.7624.1
Michigan (United States)299.5756.7918.9
Minnesota (United States)169.5738.7322.8
Missouri (United States)253.0964.2725.3
North Carolina (United States)338.4362.4718.4
Nebraska (United States)51.91121.1
New Hampshire (United States)69.8417.7725.4
New Jersey (United States)206.1645.121.8
New York (United States)1023.59238.9323.3
Ohio (United States)298.5174.5124.9
Oklahoma (United States)86.723.8727.5
Oregon (United States)64.6519.4530
Pennsylvania (United States)565.5131.1323.1
Rhode Island (United States)87.3916.518.8
South Carolina (United States)87.741820.5
Tennessee (United States)157.7531.2419.8
Texas (United States)552.5116.8821.1
Utah (United States)116.4419.817
Virginia (United States)358.3381.7322.8
Washington (United States)100.5428.2228
Wisconsin (United States)165.6337.9722.9

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field # authors # female share (%)
NEP-ACC: Accounting and Auditing162.0846.0728.4
NEP-AFR: Africa277.0865.1423.5
NEP-AGE: Economics of Ageing332.21109.833
NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics1427.58401.6128.1
NEP-ARA: MENA - Middle East and North Africa357.69102.6228.6
NEP-BAN: Banking887.1211.2223.8
NEP-BEC: Business Economics436.3697.2222.2
NEP-BIG: Big Data263.6959.0322.3
NEP-CBA: Central Banking1257.47247.4119.6
NEP-CBE: Cognitive and Behavioural Economics355.0183.0523.3
NEP-CDM: Collective Decision-Making321.6267.2720.9
NEP-CFN: Corporate Finance255.2153.5420.9
NEP-CIS: Confederation of Independent States439.54180.3141
NEP-CMP: Computational Economics357.4578.4921.9
NEP-CNA: China273.0289.2832.7
NEP-COM: Industrial Competition716.27136.3419
NEP-CSE: Economics of Strategic Management317.4898.9531.1
NEP-CTA: Contract Theory and Applications163.2429.5618.1
NEP-CUL: Cultural Economics78.7728.9636.7
NEP-CWA: Central and Western Asia272.1970.8926
NEP-DCM: Discrete Choice Models210.1653.5925.5
NEP-DEM: Demographic Economics190.1182.4843.3
NEP-DES: Economic Design153.3830.1919.6
NEP-DEV: Development703.3211.6830
NEP-DGE: Dynamic General Equilibrium1258.63235.9118.7
NEP-ECM: Econometrics815.67122.8615
NEP-EDU: Education465.58147.3831.6
NEP-EEC: European Economics729.35186.4425.5
NEP-EFF: Efficiency and Productivity491.48122.4324.9
NEP-ENE: Energy Economics1461.28356.624.4
NEP-ENT: Entrepreneurship344.782.0423.8
NEP-ENV: Environmental Economics1875.85517.9327.6
NEP-ETS: Econometric Time Series342.4251.8515.1
NEP-EUR: Microeconomic European Issues807.16301.8737.3
NEP-EVO: Evolutionary Economics144.7222.815.7
NEP-EXP: Experimental Economics1262.61352.8727.9
NEP-FDG: Financial Development and Growth443.5108.824.5
NEP-FIN: Finance68.29.1113.3
NEP-FLE: Financial Literacy and Education63.8926.8442
NEP-FMK: Financial Markets239.5442.0217.5
NEP-FOR: Forecasting231.9450.8521.9
NEP-GEN: Gender115.8962.4753.9
NEP-GEO: Economic Geography510.37115.3622.6
NEP-GER: German Papers178.5244.524.9
NEP-GRO: Economic Growth205.4840.6419.7
NEP-GTH: Game Theory613.98108.9617.7
NEP-HAP: Economics of Happiness111.6633.7130.1
NEP-HEA: Health Economics909.05313.4634.4
NEP-HIS: Business, Economic and Financial History887.54192.0521.6
NEP-HME: Heterodox Microeconomics256.2366.5125.9
NEP-HPE: History and Philosophy of Economics265.4942.0315.8
NEP-HRM: Human Capital and Human Resource Management25773.1328.4
NEP-IAS: Insurance Economics250.0764.625.8
NEP-ICT: Information and Communication Technologies142.9540.7228.4
NEP-IFN: International Finance221.5246.1420.8
NEP-IND: Industrial Organization195.0938.9119.9
NEP-INO: Innovation624.45171.9227.5
NEP-INT: International Trade1280.25338.5526.4
NEP-INV: Investment57.2214.8325.9
NEP-IPR: Intellectual Property Rights143.1534.1123.8
NEP-ISF: Islamic Finance193.0756.8429.4
NEP-IUE: Informal and Underground Economics138.5741.2429.7
NEP-KNM: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy135.341.230.4
NEP-LAB: Labour Economics1206.84378.8231.3
NEP-LAM: Central and South America186.8852.7428.2
NEP-LAW: Law and Economics294.9180.0927.1
NEP-LMA: Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages552.35163.7229.6
NEP-LTV: Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty221.3958.4326.3
NEP-MAC: Macroeconomics3559.48683.9519.2
NEP-MFD: Microfinance106.2729.1827.4
NEP-MIC: Microeconomics607.8784.3813.8
NEP-MIG: Economics of Human Migration370.04127.4734.4
NEP-MKT: Marketing90.8724.8927.3
NEP-MON: Monetary Economics1548.37313.520.2
NEP-MST: Market Microstructure99.4122.222.3
NEP-NET: Network Economics189.0339.9521.1
NEP-NEU: Neuroeconomics68.4929.8343.5
NEP-OPM: Open Economy Macroeconomics375.9882.2221.8
NEP-ORE: Operations Research338.2165.8719.4
NEP-PAY: Payment Systems and Financial Technology383.89108.0828.1
NEP-PBE: Public Economics617.66137.4922.2
NEP-PKE: Post Keynesian Economics172.2831.7318.4
NEP-POL: Positive Political Economics418.9196.5523
NEP-PPM: Project, Program and Portfolio Management64.5318.8329.1
NEP-PUB: Public Finance252.9955.9322.1
NEP-REG: Regulation371.882.1522
NEP-RES: Resource Economics61.5514.6123.7
NEP-RMG: Risk Management392.7776.8719.5
NEP-SBM: Small Business Management453.91126.6127.8
NEP-SEA: South East Asia625.32152.724.4
NEP-SOC: Social Norms and Social Capital276.5778.0128.2
NEP-SOG: Sociology of Economics85.7522.626.3
NEP-SPO: Sports and Economics81.076.327.8
NEP-TID: Technology and Industrial Dynamics355.2293.0526.1
NEP-TRA: Transition Economics694.2257.6337.1
NEP-TRE: Transport Economics192.5350.1926
NEP-TUR: Tourism Economics64.1318.428.7
NEP-UPT: Utility Models and Prospect Theory344.2865.4819
NEP-URE: Urban and Real Estate Economics2009.14549.527.3

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort # authors # female share (%)
19716334.7
19725711.7
19737157
19747411.3
19759633.1
19769388.6
19776822.9
19789399.6
19798555.8
19809666.2
198111132.7
198210998.2
19831341511.1
19841191210
198513996.4
19861642012.1
19871602213.7
19881803016.6
1989189189.5
19902042311.2
19912213114
19922343615.3
19932543915.3
19942354017
19953014815.9
19963255918.1
19972964414.8
19983487621.8
19993828221.4
20004689119.4
200144210924.6
200247711323.6
200346310522.6
20044549120
200551611622.4
200652012423.8
200758814725
200861715124.4
200961215725.6
201058916327.6
201158814424.4
201257512321.3
201355214626.4
201451912524
201552012924.8
201644110223.1
20174379822.4
201841410625.6
20193658322.7
20203378725.8
20212798028.6
20222595822.3
20232376627.8
20241563623

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in 5-percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile All (%) 10Y (%)
1-15.810.1
2-29.912.9
3-38.513.8
4-410.314.2
5-512.819.2
6-1014.719.7
11-1518.721.3
16-2020.723
21-2523.724.9
26-3024.825.6
31-4025.927
41-5028.128.9
51-100

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

We do our best, but we cannot exclude errors.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.