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Michael Ewens

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Working papers

  1. Michael Ewens, 2022. "Gender and Race in Entrepreneurial Finance," NBER Working Papers 30444, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Brogaard, Jonathan & Gerasimova, Nataliya & Rohrer, Maximilian, 2024. "The effect of female leadership on contracting from Capitol Hill to Main Street," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).

  2. Michael Ewens & Arpit Gupta & Sabrina T. Howell, 2022. "Local Journalism under Private Equity Ownership," NBER Working Papers 29743, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Rigissa Megalokonomou & Chrysovalantis Vasilakis, 2023. "The Effects of Exposure to Refugees on Crime: Evidence from the Greek Islands," CESifo Working Paper Series 10706, CESifo.
    2. Sharjil M. Haque, 2023. "Does Private Equity Over-Lever Portfolio Companies?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-009, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Ginger Zhe Jin & Mario Leccese & Liad Wagman, 2024. "M&A and technological expansion," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 338-359, March.
    4. Sharjil M. Haque & Anya V. Kleymenova, 2023. "Private Equity and Debt Contract Enforcement: Evidence from Covenant Violations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-018, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    5. Spaenjers, Christophe & Steiner, Eva, 2024. "Specialization and performance in private equity: Evidence from the hotel industry," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    6. Gao, Janet & Kim, Yongseok & Sevilir, Merih, 2025. "Private equity in the hospital industry," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    7. Abhishek Bhardwaj & Abhinav Gupta & Sabrina T. Howell, 2025. "Leveraged Payouts: How Using New Debt to Pay Returns in Private Equity Affects Firms, Employees, Creditors, and Investors," Working Papers 25-12, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

  3. Ewens, Michael & Malenko, Nadya, 2022. "Board dynamics over the startup life cycle," CEPR Discussion Papers 15024, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    Cited by:

    1. Matthew R. Denes & Sabrina T. Howell & Filippo Mezzanotti & Xinxin Wang & Ting Xu, 2020. "Investor Tax Credits and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from U.S. States," NBER Working Papers 27751, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Francesco Sannino, 2024. "The Equilibrium Size and Value‐Added of Venture Capital," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(2), pages 1297-1352, April.
    3. Banal-Estañol, Albert & Macho-Stadler, Inés & Nieto-Postigo, Jonás & Pérez-Castrillo, David, 2023. "Early individual stakeholders, first venture capital investment, and exit in the UK startup ecosystem," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    4. Zaccaria, Luana, 2023. "Are family and friends the wrong investors? Evidence from U.S. start-ups," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Ting Yao & Hugh O'Neill, 2022. "Venture capital exit pressure and venture exit: A board perspective," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(13), pages 2829-2848, December.
    6. Yu, Qianqian, 2025. "Do venture capital-driven top management changes enhance corporate innovation in private firms?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    7. Qiuwei Li & Wei Zhou & Hui Zhou & Jiaxuan Chen, 2021. "Do Board Characteristics Matter for Growth Firms? Evidence from China," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-9, August.
    8. Burkart, Mike & Miglietta, Salvatore & Ostergaard, Charlotte, 2023. "Why do boards exist? Governance design in the absence of corporate law," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119365, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

  4. Michael Ewens & Kairong Xiao & Ting Xu, 2021. "Regulatory Costs of Being Public: Evidence from Bunching Estimation," NBER Working Papers 29143, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Francesco Trebbi & Miao Ben Zhang & Michael Simkovic, 2023. "The Cost of Regulatory Compliance in the United States," CESifo Working Paper Series 10589, CESifo.
    2. Ewens, Michael & Farre-Mensa, Joan, 2021. "Private or Public Equity? The Evolving Entrepreneurial Finance Landscape," SocArXiv 9am4w, Center for Open Science.
    3. Lattanzio, Gabriele & Megginson, William L. & Sanati, Ali, 2023. "Dissecting the listing gap: Mergers, private equity, or regulation?," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).

  5. Chen, Jun & Ewens, Michael, 2021. "Venture Capitalists' Access to Finance and Its Impact on Startups," SocArXiv 8tpux, Center for Open Science.

    Cited by:

    1. Francesco Sannino, 2024. "The Equilibrium Size and Value‐Added of Venture Capital," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(2), pages 1297-1352, April.
    2. Ewens, Michael, 2022. "Race and Gender in Entrepreneurial Finance," SocArXiv djf8z, Center for Open Science.
    3. Abuzov, Rustam & Gornall, Will & Strebulaev, Ilya A., 2025. "The value of privacy and the choice of limited partners by venture capitalists," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    4. Steven Poelhekke & Benjamin Wache, 2023. "The Impact of Venture Capital on Economic Growth," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 23-050/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    5. Megginson, William L. & Park, Hyeonjoon, 2025. "The impact of enhanced creditor rights on venture capital: Evidence from the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    6. Ewens, Michael & Farre-Mensa, Joan, 2021. "Private or Public Equity? The Evolving Entrepreneurial Finance Landscape," SocArXiv 9am4w, Center for Open Science.

  6. Michael Ewens & Joan Farre-Mensa, 2021. "Private or Public Equity? The Evolving Entrepreneurial Finance Landscape," NBER Working Papers 29532, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Ewens, Michael, 2022. "Race and Gender in Entrepreneurial Finance," SocArXiv djf8z, Center for Open Science.
    2. Shabnam Kazembalaghi & Jerry Coakley & José M. Liñares-Zegarra & Silvio Vismara, 2025. "Digital equity and government support during COVID-19," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(4), pages 1679-1705, April.
    3. Wang, Tao, 2023. "The ownership structure of corporate venture capital financing and innovation," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    4. Wolfgang Bessler & Johannes Beyenbach & Marc Steffen Rapp & Marco Vendrasco, 2023. "Why do firms down-list or exit from securities markets?," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1175-1211, May.

  7. Jun Chen & Michael Ewens, 2021. "Venture Capital and Startup Agglomeration," NBER Working Papers 29211, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Ewens, Michael & Farre-Mensa, Joan, 2021. "Private or Public Equity? The Evolving Entrepreneurial Finance Landscape," SocArXiv 9am4w, Center for Open Science.

  8. Ewens, Michael & Nanda, Ramana & Stanton, Christopher, 2020. "The Evolution of CEO Compensation in Venture Capital Backed Startups," SocArXiv rku3m, Center for Open Science.

    Cited by:

    1. Mayer, Simon, 2022. "Financing breakthroughs under failure risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(3), pages 807-848.
    2. Silvia Dalla Fontana & Ramana Nanda, 2022. "Innovating to Net Zero: Can Venture Capital and Start-Ups Play a Meaningful Role?," NBER Chapters, in: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, volume 2, pages 79-105, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Litov, Lubomir P. & Liu, Xia & Megginson, William L. & Sitorus, Romora E., 2024. "Venture capitalist directors and managerial incentives," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    4. Rishabh, Kumar, 2021. "Bank as a Venture Capitalist," Working papers 2021/09, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.

  9. Michael Ewens Author-1-Name-First: Michael Author-1-Name-Last: Ewens & Ramana Nanda Author-2-Name-First: Ramana Author-2-Name-Last: Nanda & Christopher Stanton Author-3-Name-First: Christopher Author-, 2020. "Founder-CEO Compensation and Selection into Venture Capital-Backed Entrepreneurship," Harvard Business School Working Papers 20-119, Harvard Business School, revised Sep 2023.

    Cited by:

    1. Mayer, Simon, 2022. "Financing breakthroughs under failure risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(3), pages 807-848.
    2. Silvia Dalla Fontana & Ramana Nanda, 2022. "Innovating to Net Zero: Can Venture Capital and Start-Ups Play a Meaningful Role?," NBER Chapters, in: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, volume 2, pages 79-105, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Rishabh, Kumar, 2021. "Bank as a Venture Capitalist," Working papers 2021/09, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.
    4. Mitchell Hoffman & Christopher Stanton, 2025. "People, Practices, and Productivity: A Review of New Advances in Personnel Economics," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 2521, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).

  10. Michael Ewens & Joan Farre-Mensa, 2019. "The Deregulation of the Private Equity Markets and the Decline in IPOs," NBER Working Papers 26317, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Simone Boccaletti & Annalisa Ferrando & Emanuele Rossi & Monica Rossolini, 2025. "European SMEs’ growth: the role of market-based finance and public financial support," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 691-727, February.
    2. Ewens, Michael & Malenko, Nadya, 2020. "Board Dynamics over the Startup Life Cycle," SocArXiv t96yq, Center for Open Science.
    3. Yan Alperovych & Anantha Divakaruni & Sophie Manigart, 2022. "Lending when relationships are scarce : The role of information spread via bank networks," Post-Print hal-04325549, HAL.
    4. Chen, Jun & Ewens, Michael, 2021. "Venture Capitalists' Access to Finance and Its Impact on Startups," SocArXiv 8tpux, Center for Open Science.
    5. Matthew R. Denes & Sabrina T. Howell & Filippo Mezzanotti & Xinxin Wang & Ting Xu, 2020. "Investor Tax Credits and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from U.S. States," NBER Working Papers 27751, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Bian, Bo & Li, Yingxiang & Nigro, Casimiro A., 2022. "Conflicting fiduciary duties and fire sales of VC-backed start-ups," LawFin Working Paper Series 35, Goethe University, Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance (LawFin).
    7. Josh Lerner & Ramana Nanda, 2020. "Venture Capital’s Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn," NBER Working Papers 27492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Cyrus Aghamolla & Richard T. Thakor, 2022. "Do Mandatory Disclosure Requirements for Private Firms Increase the Propensity of Going Public?," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 60(3), pages 755-804, June.
    9. Kalcheva, Ivalina & Smith, Janet Kiholm & Smith, Richard L., 2020. "Institutional investment and the changing role of public equity markets: International evidence," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    10. Aldatmaz,Serdar & Brown,Greg W. & Demirguc-Kunt,Asli, 2020. "Determinants of International Buyout Investments," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9191, The World Bank.
    11. Barg, Johannes A. & Drobetz, Wolfgang & Momtaz, Paul P., 2021. "Valuing start-up firms: A reverse-engineering approach for fair-value multiples from venture capital transactions," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    12. Gill-de-Albornoz, Belén & Maffei, Marco & Spagnuolo, Flavio, 2025. "Does the financial reporting quality of private targets matter for deal timing? Evidence from European M&A," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    13. Knyazeva, Anzhela, 2019. "Financial innovation in microcap public offerings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 283-305.
    14. von Bodman, Nicolas, 2024. "The impact of prospectus language on IPO underpricing: A textual analysis of European IPOs," Junior Management Science (JUMS), Junior Management Science e. V., vol. 9(4), pages 1934-1963.
    15. Mason, Paul & Stegemoller, Mike, 2022. "The importance of target information in the acquisition of privately held firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    16. Somaya, Deepak & You, Jingya, 2024. "Scalability, venture capital availability, and unicorns: Evidence from the valuation and timing of IPOs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 39(1).
    17. Nain, Amrita & Ying, Jie & Arthur, Joseph, 2025. "The rise of venture capital and IPO quality," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    18. Chemmanur, Thomas J. & Hu, Gang & Wei, K.C. John, 2021. "The role of institutional investors in corporate and entrepreneurial finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    19. Ewens, Michael, 2022. "Race and Gender in Entrepreneurial Finance," SocArXiv djf8z, Center for Open Science.
    20. Sirio Aramonte, 2025. "The case for supporting liquidity supply in (some corners of) non-bank intermediation," International Finance Discussion Papers 1425, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    21. Nguyen, Giang & Vo, Vinh, 2021. "Asset liquidity and venture capital investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    22. Boeh, Kevin K. & Dunbar, Craig G., 2021. "Raising capital after IPO withdrawal," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    23. Thomas Chemmanur & Jie (Jack) He & Xiao (Shaun) Ren & Tao Shu, 2020. "The Disappearing IPO Puzzle: New Insights from Proprietary U.S. Census Data on Private Firms," Working Papers 20-20, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    24. Donald E. Bowen & Laurent Frésard & Gerard Hoberg, 2023. "Rapidly Evolving Technologies and Startup Exits," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(2), pages 940-967, February.
    25. Shumiao Ouyang & Jiaheng Yu & Ravi Jagannathan, 2020. "Return to Venture Capital in the Aggregate," NBER Working Papers 27690, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    26. Badryah Alhusaini & Kimball L. Chapman & Hal D. White, 2025. "Testing the waters meetings, retail trading, and capital market frictions," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 30(2), pages 1175-1221, June.
    27. Aghamolla, Cyrus & Thakor, Richard T., 2022. "IPO peer effects," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(1), pages 206-226.
    28. Ewens, Michael & Xiao, Kairong & Xu, Ting, 2020. "Regulatory Costs of Being Public: Evidence from Bunching Estimation," SocArXiv pdv8n, Center for Open Science.
    29. Alperovych, Yan & Divakaruni, Anantha & Manigart, Sophie, 2022. "Lending when relationships are scarce: The role of information spread via bank networks," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    30. Sarah Armitage & Noël Bakhtian & Adam B. Jaffe, 2023. "Innovation Market Failures and the Design of New Climate Policy Instruments," NBER Chapters, in: Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy, volume 5, pages 4-48, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    31. Koptyug, Nikita & Persson, Lars & Tåg, Joacim, 2019. "Should We Worry about the Decline of the Public Corporation? A Brief Survey of the Economics and External Effects of the Stock Market," Working Paper Series 1298, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    32. Douglas Cumming & Satish Kumar & Weng Marc Lim & Nitesh Pandey, 2023. "Mapping the venture capital and private equity research: a bibliometric review and future research agenda," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 173-221, June.
    33. Aggarwal, Dhruv & Eldar, Ofer & Hochberg, Yael V. & Litov, Lubomir P., 2022. "The rise of dual-class stock IPOs," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(1), pages 122-153.
    34. Böninghausen, Benjamin & Evrard, Johanne & Gati, Zakaria & Gori, Sofia & Lambert, Claudia & Legran, Daniel & Schuster, Wagner Eduardo & van Overbeek, Fons, 2025. "Should we mind the gap? An assessment of the benefits of equity markets and policy implications for Europe’s capital markets union," Occasional Paper Series 373, European Central Bank.
    35. Helbing, Pia & Lucey, Brian M. & Vigne, Samuel A., 2019. "The determinants of IPO withdrawal – Evidence from Europe," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 415-436.
    36. Kwon, Sungjoung & Lowry, Michelle & Qian, Yiming, 2020. "Mutual fund investments in private firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(2), pages 407-443.
    37. Aleksandar Andonov, 2024. "Delegated Investment Management in Alternative Assets," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(1), pages 264-301.
    38. Janeway, W. & Nanda, R. & Rhodes-Kropf, M., 2021. "Venture Capital Booms and Startup Financing," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2147, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    39. Field, Laura Casares & Lowry, Michelle, 2022. "Bucking the trend: Why do IPOs choose controversial governance structures and why do investors let them?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(1), pages 27-54.
    40. Christian Fons-Rosen & Pau Roldan-Blanco & Tom Schmitz, 2022. "The Effects of Startup Acquisitions on Innovation and Economic Growth," Working Papers 944, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    41. Lattanzio, Gabriele & Megginson, William L. & Sanati, Ali, 2023. "Dissecting the listing gap: Mergers, private equity, or regulation?," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    42. Onur Bayar & Yini Liu & Juan Mao, 2021. "How reverse merger firms raise capital in PIPEs: search costs and placement agent reputation," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 143-184, January.
    43. Mark J. Garmaise & Gabriel Natividad, 2024. "Fiscal windfalls and entrepreneurship: fostering entry or promoting incumbents?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 133-158, January.
    44. Kang, Jun-Koo & Li, Yingxiang & Oh, Seungjoon, 2022. "Venture Capital Coordination in Syndicates, Corporate Monitoring, and Firm Performance," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    45. Bayar, Onur & Das, Sougata & Kesici, Emre, 2021. "Heterogeneity in the information content of 8-K disclosures about private targets: Acquirer size and target significance," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    46. Wolfgang Bessler & Johannes Beyenbach & Marc Steffen Rapp & Marco Vendrasco, 2023. "Why do firms down-list or exit from securities markets?," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1175-1211, May.

  11. Michael Ewens & Alexander S. Gorbenko & Arthur Korteweg, 2019. "Venture Capital Contracts," NBER Working Papers 26115, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Francesco Sannino, 2024. "The Equilibrium Size and Value‐Added of Venture Capital," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(2), pages 1297-1352, April.
    2. Yoshiki Ando, 2024. "Dynamics of High-Growth Young Firms and the Role of Venture Capitalists," PIER Working Paper Archive 24-012, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    3. Rinel Foguen Tchuendom & Dena Firoozi & Mich`ele Breton, 2025. "Ranking Quantilized Mean-Field Games with an Application to Early-Stage Venture Investments," Papers 2507.00853, arXiv.org.
    4. Matteo Aquilina & Giulio Cornelli & Marina Sanchez del Villar, 2024. "Regulation, information asymmetries and the funding of new ventures," BIS Working Papers 1162, Bank for International Settlements.
    5. Michael Ewens & Ramana Nanda & Christopher T. Stanton, 2020. "Founder-CEO Compensation and Selection into Venture Capital-Backed Entrepreneurship," NBER Working Papers 27296, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Dunbar, Craig G. & King, Michael R., 2023. "Syndicate structure and IPO outcomes: The impact of underwriter roles and syndicate concentration," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    7. Dang, Viet Anh & Karpuz, Ahmet & Mohamed, Abdulkadir, 2023. "Venture capital directors and corporate debt structure: An empirical analysis of newly listed companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    8. Hou, Guanchong & Shi, Guifen, 2024. "Green finance and innovative cities: Dual-pilot policies and collaborative green innovation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    9. Howell, Sabrina T., 2020. "Reducing information frictions in venture capital: The role of new venture competitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(3), pages 676-694.
    10. Ewens, Michael & Nanda, Ramana & Stanton, Christopher, 2020. "The Evolution of CEO Compensation in Venture Capital Backed Startups," SocArXiv rku3m, Center for Open Science.
    11. Guo, Yu & Li, Jie & Liu, Fengyuan & Li, Jianjun, 2025. "Law enforcement quality and venture capital Efficiency: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    12. Chahine, Salim & Daher, Mai, 2025. "Do portfolio companies learn from their peers? Evidence from venture capital funding," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    13. Fu, Hui & Liu, Qianqian & An, Yunbi & Yang, Jun & Xiong, Heng, 2025. "Exit disruption and matching in venture capital markets: Evidence based on IPO suspensions in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    14. Steven Poelhekke & Benjamin Wache, 2023. "The Impact of Venture Capital on Economic Growth," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 23-050/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    15. Hornuf, Lars & Schilling, Tobias & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2022. "The relevance of investor rights in crowdinvesting," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    16. Welter, Chris & Holcomb, Tim R. & McIlwraith, John, 2023. "The inefficiencies of venture capital funding," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 19(C).
    17. Balcerzak, Adam P. & Zinecker, Marek & Skalický, Roman & Rogalska, Elżbieta & Doubravský, Karel, 2023. "Technology-oriented start-ups and valuation: A novel approach based on specific contract terms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    18. Suting Hong & Konstantinos Serfes & Veikko Thiele, 2020. "Competition in the venture capital market and the success of startup companies: Theory and evidence," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(4), pages 741-791, October.
    19. Pavlova, Elitsa & Signore, Simone, 2019. "The European venture capital landscape: an EIF perspective. Volume V: The economic impact of VC investments supported by the EIF," EIF Working Paper Series 2019/55, European Investment Fund (EIF).
    20. Harrison, Richard T. & Bock, Adam J. & Gregson, Geoff, 2020. "Stairway to heaven? rethinking angel investment policy and practice," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    21. Lars Hornuf & Tobias Schilling & Armin Schwienbacher, 2019. "Are Equity Crowdfunding Investors Active Investors?," CESifo Working Paper Series 7884, CESifo.
    22. Tobias Sturm & Peter M. Bican & Frederik J. Riar & Carsten C. Guderian & Tobias Welz, 2025. "Deal or no deal? Understanding entrepreneurs’ criteria and deal breaker in investor selection processes," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 95(1), pages 9-36, January.
    23. Guzman, Jorge & Li, Aishen, 2019. "Measuring Founding Strategy," SocArXiv 7cvge, Center for Open Science.
    24. Köppl, Stefan & Köppl-Turyna, Monika & Christopoulos, Dimitris, 2025. "The performance of government-backed venture capital investments," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(8).
    25. Fu, Hui & Qi, Huilan & An, Yunbi, 2024. "When do venture capital and startups team up? Matching matters," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).

  12. Ewens, Michael & Townsend, Richard R., 2019. "Are Early Stage Investors Biased Against Women?," SocArXiv x3syb, Center for Open Science.

    Cited by:

    1. Sun, Rui & Zou, Ganna, 2021. "Political connection, CEO gender, and firm performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    2. Huang, Winifred & Vismara, Silvio & Wei, Xingjie, 2022. "Confidence and capital raising," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    3. Thomas Hellmann & Ilona Mostipan & Nir Vulkan, 2019. "Be Careful What You Ask For: Fundraising Strategies in Equity Crowdfunding," NBER Working Papers 26275, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Ye Zhang, 2020. "Discrimination in the Venture Capital Industry: Evidence from Field Experiments," Papers 2010.16084, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2022.
    5. Matthew R. Denes & Sabrina T. Howell & Filippo Mezzanotti & Xinxin Wang & Ting Xu, 2020. "Investor Tax Credits and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from U.S. States," NBER Working Papers 27751, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Kay, Rosemarie & Nielen, Sebastian & Bijediçc-Krumm, Teita & Butkowski, Olivier K. & Reiff, Annika, 2025. "Zur Finanzierungssituation von jungen Unternehmen: Eine genderspezifische Analyse," IfM-Materialien 309, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    7. Ranasinghe, Ashantha, 2024. "Gender specific distortions, entrepreneurship and misallocation," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    8. Dzung Viet Nguyen & Ngan Hoang-Kim Nguyen & Tien Thuy Dinh, 2023. "CEO attributes and firm performance: Evidence from companies listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 2282838-228, October.
    9. Josh Lerner & Ramana Nanda, 2020. "Venture Capital’s Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn," NBER Working Papers 27492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. David Gaddis Ross & Dong Hyun Shin, 2024. "Do financial market frictions hurt the performance of women‐led ventures? A meta‐analytic investigation," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(3), pages 507-534, March.
    11. Hao, Xuejing & Hu, Feng & Li, Zhu, 2024. "Entrepreneur-investor gender match effects in startup funding: Evidence from an entrepreneurial-themed reality TV show in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 811-832.
    12. Vazirani, Ashish & Sarkar, Soumya & Soni, Mayank Jyotsna & Bhattacharjee, Titas & Mahapatra, Mousumi Singha, 2025. "Impression management by Indian female entrepreneurs: Mitigating investor bias in early-stage funding," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    13. Rosado-Cubero, Ana & Hernández, Adolfo & Jiménez, Francisco José Blanco & Freire-Rubio, Teresa, 2024. "Does gender affect entrepreneurship? Evidence from Spanish and Argentinian business incubators," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    14. Gu, Pu, 2020. "The effects of social bias against female analysts on markets," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    15. Takahashi, Hidenori & Honjo, Yuji & Kato, Masatoshi, 2024. "The gender gap in the first deal: Equity split among founding teams," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    16. Indu Khurana & Daniel J. Lee, 2023. "Gender bias in high stakes pitching: an NLP approach," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 485-502, February.
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  13. Michael Ewens & Ryan H. Peters & Sean Wang, 2019. "Measuring Intangible Capital with Market Prices," NBER Working Papers 25960, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Patel, Pankaj C. & De Massis, Alfredo, 2025. "Trademark intensity and firm performance in family versus non-family firms: The role of organizational and knowledge capital," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    2. David M. Byrne, 2022. "The Digital Economy and Productivity," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-038, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Sebastian Dyrda & Guangbin Hong & Joseph B Steinberg, 2022. "A Macroeconomic Perspective on Taxing Multinational Enterprises," Working Papers tecipa-731, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    4. Glaeser, Stephen & Lang, Mark, 2024. "Measuring innovation and navigating its unique information issues: A review of the accounting literature on innovation," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2).
    5. Grieser, William & Maturana, Gonzalo & Spyridopoulos, Ioannis & Truffa, Santiago, 2022. "Agglomeration, knowledge spillovers, and corporate investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    6. Ewens, Michael & Xiao, Kairong & Xu, Ting, 2020. "Regulatory Costs of Being Public: Evidence from Bunching Estimation," SocArXiv pdv8n, Center for Open Science.
    7. Fatima Batool & Kainat Iftikhar & Muhammad Nadir Shabbir, 2025. "Does green innovation pay off in China? Market valuation, investor sentiment, and risk-taking in A-listed firms," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 27(3), pages 1-35, September.
    8. Li, Qianru & Zhang, Yuhao & Um, Geumchul, 2025. "Intertwining artificial intelligence and efficiency: An empirical analysis of AI focus and operational efficacy in Chinese listed firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Bruno Pellegrino, 2023. "Product Differentiation and Oligopoly: A Network Approach," CESifo Working Paper Series 10244, CESifo.
    10. Bruno Albuquerque, 2021. "Corporate debt booms, financial constraints and the investment nexus," Bank of England working papers 935, Bank of England.
    11. Fusillo, Fabrizio & Orsatti, Gianluca & Scandura, Alessandra, 2024. "Public Green Demand and Green Innovation: Evidence from US Firms," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis LEI & BRICK - Laboratory of Economics of Innovation "Franco Momigliano", Bureau of Research in Innovation, Complexity and Knowledge, Collegio 202401, University of Turin.
    12. Shirley Lu & George Serafeim & Simon Xu & MarcAntonio Awada, 2025. "Tracking business opportunities for climate solutions using AI in regulated accounting reports," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    13. Manish Jha & Jialin Qian & Michael Weber & Baozhong Yang, 2024. "ChatGPT and Corporate Policies," Papers 2409.17933, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2025.
    14. Andy Atkeson, 2020. "Alternative Facts Regarding the Labor Share," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 37, pages 167-180, August.
    15. Patel, Pankaj C. & Oghazi, Pejvak & Arunachalam, S., 2023. "Does consumer privacy act influence firm performance in the retail industry? Evidence from a US state-level law change," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    16. Döttling, Robin & Ratnovski, Lev, 2020. "Monetary policy and intangible investment," Working Paper Series 2444, European Central Bank.
    17. Angelos A. Antzoulatos & Dimitris Karanastasis & Thomas Syrmos, 2022. "The Puzzling Convergence of Intangible Investments," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 28(3), pages 171-182, November.
    18. Kristof Van Criekingen & Carter Bloch & Carita Eklund, 2022. "Measuring intangible assets—A review of the state of the art," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 1539-1558, December.
    19. King Carl Tornam Duho, 2022. "Intangibles, Intellectual Capital, and the Performance of Listed Non-Financial Services Firms in West Africa: A Cross-Country Analysis," Merits, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-25, June.

  14. Michael Ewens & Ramana Nanda & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, 2015. "Cost of Experimentation and the Evolution of Venture Capital," Harvard Business School Working Papers 15-070, Harvard Business School, revised Mar 2017.

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    1. Ge, Guoqing & Xue, Jian & Zhang, Qian, 2024. "Industrial policy and governmental venture capital: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Ewens, Michael & Malenko, Nadya, 2020. "Board Dynamics over the Startup Life Cycle," SocArXiv t96yq, Center for Open Science.
    3. Ben Spigel, 2022. "Examining the cohesiveness and nestedness entrepreneurial ecosystems: evidence from British FinTechs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1381-1399, December.
    4. Ajay Agrawal & Joshua S. Gans & Scott Stern, 2021. "Enabling Entrepreneurial Choice," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(9), pages 5510-5524, September.
    5. Huang, Ying Sophie & Wu, Jiajia & Guo, Feng, 2022. "Venture capital staging under economic policy uncertainty," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 572-596.
    6. Chen, Jun & Ewens, Michael, 2021. "Venture Capitalists' Access to Finance and Its Impact on Startups," SocArXiv 8tpux, Center for Open Science.
    7. Routledge, Bryan R., 2018. "Comments on: Big data in finance and the growth of large firms, by Juliane Begenau & Maryam Farboodi & Laura Veldkamp," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 88-90.
    8. Margarida Madaleno & Max Nathan & Henry Overman & Sevrin Waights, 2022. "Incubators, accelerators and urban economic development," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(2), pages 281-300, February.
    9. Bian, Bo & Li, Yingxiang & Nigro, Casimiro A., 2022. "Conflicting fiduciary duties and fire sales of VC-backed start-ups," LawFin Working Paper Series 35, Goethe University, Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance (LawFin).
    10. Francesco Sannino, 2024. "The Equilibrium Size and Value‐Added of Venture Capital," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(2), pages 1297-1352, April.
    11. Ma, Song & Murfin, Justin & Pratt, Ryan, 2022. "Young firms, old capital," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(1), pages 331-356.
    12. Dushnitsky, Gary & Stroube, Bryan K., 2021. "Low-code entrepreneurship: Shopify and the alternative path to growth," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    13. Mayer, Simon, 2022. "Financing breakthroughs under failure risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(3), pages 807-848.
    14. Jérome Dugast & Thierry Foucault, 2023. "Equilibrium Data Mining and Data Abundance," Post-Print hal-04390540, HAL.
    15. Josh Lerner & Ramana Nanda, 2020. "Venture Capital’s Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn," NBER Working Papers 27492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Yoshiki Ando, 2024. "Dynamics of High-Growth Young Firms and the Role of Venture Capitalists," PIER Working Paper Archive 24-012, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    17. Conghui Han & John Qi Dong, 2023. "Software investment and organizational change: Evidence from panel data," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(6), pages 3043-3055, September.
    18. Silvia Dalla Fontana & Ramana Nanda, 2022. "Innovating to Net Zero: Can Venture Capital and Start-Ups Play a Meaningful Role?," NBER Chapters, in: Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, volume 2, pages 79-105, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Michael Ewens & Ramana Nanda & Christopher T. Stanton, 2020. "Founder-CEO Compensation and Selection into Venture Capital-Backed Entrepreneurship," NBER Working Papers 27296, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Michael Ewens & Alexander S. Gorbenko & Arthur Korteweg, 2019. "Venture Capital Contracts," NBER Working Papers 26115, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    21. Abhishek Nagaraj, 2022. "T he P rivate I mpact of P ublic D ata: L andsat S atellite M aps I ncreased G old D iscoveries and E ncouraged E ntry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(1), pages 564-582, January.
    22. Petra Moser, 2020. "Introduction to "Economics of Research and Innovation in Agriculture"," NBER Chapters, in: Economics of Research and Innovation in Agriculture, pages 1-19, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Zhe Cao & Xianwei Shi, 2021. "A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial ecosystems in advanced and emerging economies," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 75-110, June.
    24. Ramana Nanda, "undated". "Priors, Experiments, Learning and Persuasion in (Bayesian) Entrepreneurial Finance," Harvard Business School Working Papers 25-020, Harvard Business School.
    25. Leonard I. Nakamura, 2020. "Evidence of Accelerating Mismeasurement of Growth and Inflation in the U.S. in the 21st Century," Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE) Discussion Papers ESCoE DP-2020-15, Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE).
    26. Cumming, Douglas J. & Nguyen, Giang & Nguyen, My, 2022. "Product market competition, venture capital, and the success of entrepreneurial firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    27. Ari Hyytinen & Petri Rouvinen & Mika Pajarinen & Joosua Virtanen, 2023. "Ex Ante Predictability of Rapid Growth: A Design Science Approach," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(6), pages 2465-2493, November.
    28. Ewens, Michael, 2022. "Race and Gender in Entrepreneurial Finance," SocArXiv djf8z, Center for Open Science.
    29. de Bettignies, Jean-Etienne & Ries, John, 2023. "When less is more: Information and the financing of innovation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 346-369.
    30. Howell, Sabrina T., 2020. "Reducing information frictions in venture capital: The role of new venture competitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(3), pages 676-694.
    31. Li, Emma & Mao, Mike Qinghao & Zhang, Hong Feng & Zheng, Hao, 2023. "Banks’ investments in fintech ventures," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    32. Fini, Riccardo & Perkmann, Markus & Kenney, Martin & Maki, Kanetaka M., 2023. "Are public subsidies effective for university spinoffs? Evidence from SBIR awards in the University of California system," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(1).
    33. Han, Luyi & Wojan, Timothy R. & Goetz, Stephan J., 2023. "Experimenting in the cloud: The digital divide's impact on innovation," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(7).
    34. Shumiao Ouyang & Jiaheng Yu & Ravi Jagannathan, 2020. "Return to Venture Capital in the Aggregate," NBER Working Papers 27690, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    35. Dang, Man & Nguyen, Ngoc Vu & Mazur, Mieszko & Puwanenthiren, Premkanth & Nguyen, Ngoc Thang, 2021. "Global policy uncertainty and cross-border acquisitions," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 224-235.
    36. Ewens, Michael & Nanda, Ramana & Stanton, Christopher, 2020. "The Evolution of CEO Compensation in Venture Capital Backed Startups," SocArXiv rku3m, Center for Open Science.
    37. Litov, Lubomir P. & Liu, Xia & Megginson, William L. & Sitorus, Romora E., 2024. "Venture capitalist directors and managerial incentives," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    38. Joshua D Gottlieb & Richard R Townsend & Ting Xu, 2022. "Does Career Risk Deter Potential Entrepreneurs?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 35(9), pages 3973-4015.
    39. Shan, Hongyu, 2025. "Corporate venture capital and the boundaries of the firm11For comments and suggestions, I thank Jan Bena (discussant), Thomas Chemmanur, Thomas Hellmann (discussant), Joel Houston, Jongsub Lee, Josh L," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 40(4).
    40. Ramana Nanda & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, 2017. "Coordination Frictions in Venture Capital Syndicates," Harvard Business School Working Papers 17-089, Harvard Business School, revised Dec 2018.
    41. Joshua L. Krieger & Monika Schnitzer & Martin Watzinger, 2024. "Standing on the shoulders of science," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(9), pages 1670-1695, September.
    42. Pehr-Johan Norbäck & Lars Persson & Joacim Tåg, 2025. "Risky business: venture capital, pivoting and scaling," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1285-1319, March.
    43. Hellmann, Thomas & Montag, Alexander & Tåg, Joacim, 2024. "Tolerating Losses for Growth: J-Curves in Venture Capital Investing," Working Paper Series 1500, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    44. Onesun Steve Yoo & Tingliang Huang & Kenan Arifoğlu, 2021. "A Theoretical Analysis of the Lean Start-up Method," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 40(3), pages 395-412, May.
    45. Jiyong Park & Kunsoo Han & Byungtae Lee, 2023. "Green Cloud? An Empirical Analysis of Cloud Computing and Energy Efficiency," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(3), pages 1639-1664, March.
    46. Li, Xuelin & Liu, Tong & Taylor, Lucian A., 2023. "Common ownership and innovation efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(3), pages 475-497.
    47. Hmaddi, Ouafaa & Lanahan, Lauren & Murray, Alex, 2025. "Tracing entrepreneurial spillovers: Evidence from the U.S. State Small Business Credit initiative and Kickstarter," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(4).
    48. Ruijun Zhang & Xiaotong Yang & Nian Li & Muhammad Asif Khan, 2021. "Herd Behavior in Venture Capital Market: Evidence from China," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(13), pages 1-18, June.
    49. Josh Lerner, 2020. "Government Incentives for Entrepreneurship," NBER Chapters, in: Innovation and Public Policy, pages 213-235, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    50. Victor M. Bennett & Aaron K. Chatterji, 2023. "The entrepreneurial process: Evidence from a nationally representative survey," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(1), pages 86-116, January.
    51. Gavin Wang & Lynn Wu, 2025. "Artificial Intelligence, Lean Startup Method, and Product Innovations," Papers 2506.16334, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2025.
    52. Matthias van den Heuvel & David Popp, 2022. "The Role of Venture Capital and Governments in Clean Energy: Lessons from the First Cleantech Bubble," CESifo Working Paper Series 9684, CESifo.
    53. van den Heuvel, Matthias & Popp, David, 2023. "The role of venture capital and governments in clean energy: lessons from the first cleantech bubble," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    54. Aggarwal, Dhruv & Eldar, Ofer & Hochberg, Yael V. & Litov, Lubomir P., 2022. "The rise of dual-class stock IPOs," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(1), pages 122-153.
    55. Hernández, Juan & Wills, Daniel, 2024. "Fighting for the Best, Losing with the Rest: The Perils of Competition in Entrepreneurial Finance," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13362, Inter-American Development Bank.
    56. Shabnam Kazembalaghi & Jerry Coakley & José M. Liñares-Zegarra & Silvio Vismara, 2025. "Digital equity and government support during COVID-19," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 64(4), pages 1679-1705, April.
    57. Ewens, Michael & Farre-Mensa, Joan, 2021. "Private or Public Equity? The Evolving Entrepreneurial Finance Landscape," SocArXiv 9am4w, Center for Open Science.
    58. Timothy Wojan, 2024. "Exploratory Report: Annual Business Survey Ownership Diversity and Its Association with Patenting and Venture Capital Success," Working Papers 24-62, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    59. Murray, Gordon, 2020. "Ten Meditations on (Public) Venture Capital – Revisited," MPRA Paper 104389, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    60. Berger, Marius & Gottschalk, Sandra, 2021. "Financing and advising early stage startups: The effect of angel investor subsidies," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-069, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    61. Victor M. Bennett & Todd A. Hall, 2020. "Software availability and entry," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5), pages 950-962, May.
    62. Khanna, Naveen & Mathews, Richmond D., 2022. "Skill versus reliability in venture capital," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(2), pages 41-63.
    63. Kwon, Sungjoung & Manna, Nomalia, 2025. "Corporate investments in startups: CVC unit vs. direct investment," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    64. Janeway, W. & Nanda, R. & Rhodes-Kropf, M., 2021. "Venture Capital Booms and Startup Financing," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2147, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    65. Petra Moser, 2020. "Economics of Research and Innovation in Agriculture," NBER Working Papers 27080, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    66. Joshua Krieger & Ramana Nanda & Ian Hunt & Aimee Reynolds & Peter Tarsa, 2022. "Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company," Harvard Business School Working Papers 23-014, Harvard Business School, revised Nov 2023.
    67. Ruiqing Cao & Abhishek Bhatia, 2025. "How Founder Expertise Shapes the Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Digital Ventures," Papers 2511.06545, arXiv.org.
    68. Thomas Ulmer & Ulrich Pape, 2022. "Streamliners, Switchmen and Bridge Builders: About the Mechanisms and Uniqueness of Accelerator Programs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-25, November.
    69. Shane Greenstein, 2020. "Digital Infrastructure," NBER Chapters, in: Economic Analysis and Infrastructure Investment, pages 409-447, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    70. Gill, Andrej & Heller, David & Michel, Nina A., 2024. "Enabling or accelerating? The timing of innovation and the different roles of venture capitalists," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(8).
    71. Bi, Ruigang & Kou, Zonglai & Zhou, Min, 2024. "How to guide venture capital to startups? Evidence from China's Science and Technology Innovation Board," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    72. Rizzitello, Eleonora & Piazza, Mariangela & Perrone, Giovanni, 2025. "Unlocking green startup investments: How environmental policy pressures drive Venture Capital funding decisions," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    73. Sungyong Chang, 2023. "Two faces of decomposability in organizational search: Evidence from singles versus albums in the music industry 1995–2015," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(7), pages 1616-1652, July.
    74. Michael Ewens & Joan Farre-Mensa, 2019. "The Deregulation of the Private Equity Markets and the Decline in IPOs," NBER Working Papers 26317, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    75. Gordon M Phillips & Alexei Zhdanov, 2024. "Venture Capital Investments, Merger Activity, and Competition Laws around the World," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 13(2), pages 303-334.
    76. Chiara Franzoni & Reinhilde Veugelers, 2025. "Funding Breakthrough Research: An Update and Research Agenda," NBER Chapters, in: Economics of Science, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    77. Erin L. Scott & Pian Shu & Roman M. Lubynsky, 2020. "Entrepreneurial Uncertainty and Expert Evaluation: An Empirical Analysis," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(3), pages 1278-1299, March.
    78. Arora, Ashish & Fosfuri, Andrea & Rønde, Thomas, 2024. "The missing middle: Value capture in the market for startups," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(3).
    79. Chen, Y. Joy & Gong, Robin Kaiji & Li, Jinlin, 2026. "Industrial policy in a new era: Government venture capital in the US–China trade war," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    80. Kang, Jun-Koo & Li, Yingxiang & Oh, Seungjoon, 2022. "Venture Capital Coordination in Syndicates, Corporate Monitoring, and Firm Performance," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    81. Joan Farre‐Mensa & Deepak Hegde & Alexander Ljungqvist, 2020. "What Is a Patent Worth? Evidence from the U.S. Patent “Lottery”," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(2), pages 639-682, April.
    82. Fei Qin, 2025. "Oasis in the desert or icing on the cake? The impact of entrepreneurship accelerators across ecosystems," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 56(5), pages 659-676, July.
    83. Gonzalez-Uribe, Juanita & Hmaddi, Ouafaa, 2022. "The multi-dimensional impacts of business accelerators: what does the research tell us?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115461, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

  15. Michael Ewens & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, "undated". "Is the VC Partnership Greater than the Sum of its Partners?," GSIA Working Papers 2012-E36, Carnegie Mellon University, Tepper School of Business.

    Cited by:

    1. Ge, Guoqing & Xue, Jian & Zhang, Qian, 2024. "Industrial policy and governmental venture capital: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Xia, Zhoubo & Hua, Xiuping & Wang, Yong & Peng, Jiadong, 2025. "Leading or facilitating? —— The appropriate role of governmental venture capital in China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    3. González-Uribe, Juanita & Reyes, Santiago, 2021. "Identifying and boosting “Gazelles”: Evidence from business accelerators," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(1), pages 260-287.
    4. Giovannetti, Andrea & Pipic, Denis, 2023. "Shaking hands with common foes: Clique premium and information diffusion in private equity networks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    5. Nanda, Ramana & Samila, Sampsa & Sorenson, Olav, 2020. "The persistent effect of initial success: Evidence from venture capital," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 231-248.
    6. Humphery-Jenner, Mark & Suchard, Jo-Ann, 2013. "Foreign VCs and venture success: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 16-35.
    7. Chircop, Justin & Johan, Sofia & Tarsalewska, Monika, 2020. "Does religiosity influence venture capital investment decisions?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    8. Da Rin, Marco, 2016. "Financing Growth through Venture Capital in Asia and the Pacific," Other publications TiSEM 9fb91a28-6b54-41ce-a01d-9, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    9. Bhanot, Karan & Kadapakkam, Palani-Rajan, 2022. "Pay for performance, partnership success, and the internal organization of venture capital firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    10. Herpfer, Christoph, 2021. "The role of bankers in the U.S. syndicated loan market," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(2).
    11. Sannajust, Aurélie & Groh, Alexander Peter, 2020. "There's no need to be a pioneer in emerging private equity markets," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    12. Du, Qianqian & Hellmann, Thomas, 2024. "Getting tired of your friends: The dynamics of venture capital relationships," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    13. Zhang, Yuejia & Mayes, David Geoffrey, 2018. "The performance of governmental venture capital firms: A life cycle perspective and evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 162-185.
    14. Cho, Chanho & Halford, Joseph T. & Hsu, Scott & Ng, Lilian, 2016. "Do managers matter for corporate innovation?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 206-229.
    15. Guo, Yu & Li, Jie & Liu, Fengyuan & Li, Jianjun, 2025. "Law enforcement quality and venture capital Efficiency: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    16. Ewens, Michael & Townsend, Richard R., 2020. "Are early stage investors biased against women?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(3), pages 653-677.
    17. Ge, Guoqing & Xue, Jian & Zhang, Qian, 2025. "Syndicate partner composition of governmental venture capital firms: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    18. Ivashina, Victoria & Lerner, Josh, 2019. "Pay now or pay later? The economics within the private equity partnership," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(1), pages 61-87.
    19. Korteweg, Arthur & Sorensen, Morten, 2017. "Skill and luck in private equity performance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(3), pages 535-562.
    20. Hagendorff, Jens & Saunders, Anthony & Steffen, Sascha & Vallascas, Francesco, 2021. "The wolves of Wall Street? Managerial attributes and bank risk," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    21. Chen, Jun & Hshieh, Shenje & Zhang, Feng, 2021. "The role of high-skilled foreign labor in startup performance: Evidence from two natural experiments," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 430-452.
    22. Liu, Tong & Mao, Yifei & Tian, Xuan, 2023. "The role of human capital: Evidence from corporate innovation," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    23. Michael Ewens & Charles Jones & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, "undated". "The Price of Diversifiable Risk in Venture Capital and Private Equity," GSIA Working Papers 2012-E55, Carnegie Mellon University, Tepper School of Business.
    24. Zhang, Lin & Cui, Xiaomeng & Jing, Wei, 2024. "Who are responsible venture capitalists? The effect of business experience," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    25. Pelucco, Valerio & Vismara, Silvio, 2025. "Where do angels come from?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    26. Josh Lerner & Ramana Nanda, 2020. "Venture Capital's Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 34(3), pages 237-261, Summer.
    27. Bushman, Robert & Gao, Janet & Martin, Xiumin & Pacelli, Joseph, 2021. "The influence of loan officers on loan contract design and performance," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(2).
    28. Kaminski, Jermain & Hopp, Christian & Tykvová, Tereza, 2019. "New technology assessment in entrepreneurial financing – Does crowdfunding predict venture capital investments?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 287-302.
    29. Bennedsen, Morten & Tsoutsoura, Margarita & Wolfenzon, Daniel, 2019. "Drivers of effort: Evidence from employee absenteeism," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(3), pages 658-684.
    30. Chemmanur, Thomas J. & Hull, Tyler J. & Krishnan, Karthik, 2016. "Do local and international venture capitalists play well together? The complementarity of local and international venture capitalists," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 573-594.
    31. Dong, Feng & Doukas, John A., 2021. "Managerial ability premium factor and fund performance," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    32. Weik, Stefan & Achleitner, Ann-Kristin & Braun, Reiner, 2024. "Venture capital and the international relocation of startups," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(7).

  16. Michael Ewens & Charles Jones & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, "undated". "The Price of Diversifiable Risk in Venture Capital and Private Equity," GSIA Working Papers 2012-E55, Carnegie Mellon University, Tepper School of Business.

    Cited by:

    1. Buchner, Axel, 2016. "How much can lack of marketability affect private equity fund values?," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 35-45.
    2. Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Phalippou, Ludovic & Gottschalg, Olivier, 2010. "Giants at the Gate: On the Cross-section of Private Equity Investment Returns," MPRA Paper 28487, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Jürgen Marchart & Thomas Url, 2008. "Hemmnisse für die Finanzierung von Frühphasen- oder Venture-Capital-Fonds in Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 32579, October.
    4. Brian H. Boyer & Taylor D. Nadauld & Keith P. Vorkink & Michael S. Weisbach, 2023. "Discount‐Rate Risk in Private Equity: Evidence from Secondary Market Transactions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(2), pages 835-885, April.
    5. Balázs FazekasBalázs Fazekas, 2016. "Value-Creating Uncertainty – A Real Options Approach in Venture Capital," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), vol. 15(4), pages 151-166.
    6. Liu, Yang & Yang, Jinqiang, 2015. "Optimal investment of private equity," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 14(C), pages 76-86.
    7. Ljungqvist, Alexander & Bircan, Cagatay & Biesinger, Markus, 2020. "Value Creation in Private Equity," CEPR Discussion Papers 14676, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Zhang, Jinqing & He, Liang & An, Yunbi, 2020. "Measuring banks’ liquidity risk: An option-pricing approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    9. Michael E. Drew & Alastair Marsden & Madhu Veeraraghavan, 2007. "Does Idiosyncratic Volatility Matter? New Zealand Evidence," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(03), pages 289-308.
    10. Stephen G. Dimmock & Neng Wang & Jinqiang Yang, 2019. "The Endowment Model and Modern Portfolio Theory," NBER Working Papers 25559, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Camille Loir & Bertrand Groslambert, 2023. "The impact of innovation on the profitability of the biotech industry," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 43(3), pages 1286-1297.
    12. Lin, Yu En & Chu, Chien Chi & Omura, Akihiro & Li, Bin & Roca, Eduardo, 2020. "Arbitrage risk and the cross-section of stock returns: Evidence from China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    13. Maiia Sleptcova & Heidi Falkenbach, 2021. "Managerial Skill and European PERE Fund Performance," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 665-690, May.
    14. Marco Da Rin & Thomas F. Hellmann & Manju Puri, 2011. "A survey of venture capital research," NBER Working Papers 17523, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Chung, Kee H. & Wang, Junbo & Wu, Chunchi, 2019. "Volatility and the cross-section of corporate bond returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(2), pages 397-417.
    16. Axelson, Ulf & Stromberg, Per & Weisbach, Michael S., 2008. "Why Are Buyouts Levered? The Financial Structure of Private Equity Funds," Working Paper Series 2008-15, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    17. Nagel, Stefan & Korteweg, Arthur, 2013. "Risk-Adjusting the Returns to Venture Capital," CEPR Discussion Papers 9610, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Andrew Ang & Robert J. Hodrick & Yuhang Xing & Xiaoyan Zhang, 2004. "The Cross-Section of Volatility and Expected Returns," NBER Working Papers 10852, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Tereza Tykvová, 2018. "Venture capital and private equity financing: an overview of recent literature and an agenda for future research," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 88(3), pages 325-362, May.
    20. Fragkiskos, Apollon & Krasotkina, Olga & Spilker, Harold D. & Wermers, Russ, 2025. "Private Equity Fund Performance: A Time-Series Approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    21. James A. Brander & Edward Egan & Thomas F. Hellmann, 2008. "Government Sponsored versus Private Venture Capital: Canadian Evidence," NBER Working Papers 14029, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    22. Bian, Yuxiang & Chen, Lin & Xiong, Xiong & Yang, Jinqiang, 2023. "Private equity valuation under time-inconsistent preferences," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    23. Oliver, Gottschalg & Ludovic, Phalippou, 2006. "The performance of private equity funds," HEC Research Papers Series 852, HEC Paris.
    24. Robert Dubil, 2004. "The Optimality of Multi-stage Venture Capital Financing: An Option-Theoretic Approach," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 9(3), pages 1-14, Fall.
    25. Amit Bubna & Sanjiv R. Das & Paul Hanouna, 2020. "The Fast and the Curious: VC Drift," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 57(1), pages 69-113, February.
    26. David T. Robinson & Berk A. Sensoy, 2011. "Cyclicality, Performance Measurement, and Cash Flow Liquidity in Private Equity," NBER Working Papers 17428, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    27. Acharya, Viral & Kehoe, Conor & Hahn, Moritz, 2009. "Corporate Governance and Value Creation: Evidence from Private Equity," CEPR Discussion Papers 7242, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    28. Bronwyn H. Hall & Josh Lerner, 2009. "The Financing of R&D and Innovation," NBER Working Papers 15325, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    29. Valentin Haddad & Erik Loualiche & Matthew Plosser, 2016. "Buyout Activity: The Impact of Aggregate Discount Rates," NBER Working Papers 22414, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    30. Alexander Peter Groh & Oliver Gottschalg, 2008. "The Opportunity Cost of Capital of US Buyouts," NBER Working Papers 14148, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    31. Andrew Ang & Andrés Ayala & William N. Goetzmann, 2018. "Investment beliefs of endowments," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 24(1), pages 3-33, January.
    32. Stanfield, Jared, 2020. "Skill, syndication, and performance: Evidence from leveraged buyouts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    33. Arpit Gupta & Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, 2019. "Valuing Private Equity Strip by Strip," NBER Working Papers 26514, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    34. Lossen, Ulrich, 2006. "The Performance of Private Equity Funds: Does Diversification Matter?," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 192, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    35. Axel Buchner, 2016. "How much can lack of marketability affect private equity fund values?," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(1), pages 35-45, January.
    36. Groh, Alexander P. & Gottschalg, Oliver, 2009. "The opportunity cost of capital of US buyouts," IESE Research Papers D/780, IESE Business School.
    37. Ron Bird & Harry Liem & Susan Thorp, 2011. "Private Equity: Strategies for Improving Performance," Working Paper Series 12, The Paul Woolley Centre for Capital Market Dysfunctionality, University of Technology, Sydney.
    38. Francisco Amaral & Martin Dohmen & Sebastian Kohl & Moritz Schularick, 2021. "Superstar Returns," Staff Reports 999, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    39. Weisbach, Michael & Strömberg, Per & Axelson, Ulf, 2007. "Why are Buyouts Leveraged? The Financial Structure of Private Equity Firms," CEPR Discussion Papers 6133, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    40. David T. Robinson & Berk A. Sensoy, 2012. "Do Private Equity Managers Earn Their Fees? Compensation, Ownership, and Cash Flow Performance," NBER Working Papers 17942, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    41. Hege, Ulrich & Lovo, Stefano & Slovin, Myron B. & Sushka, Marie E., 2009. "Asset sales and the role of buyers: strategic buyers versus private equity," MPRA Paper 39549, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Feb 2012.
    42. Jeffers, Jessica & Lyu, Tianshu & Posenau, Kelly, 2024. "The risk and return of impact investing funds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    43. Alexander Ljungqvist & Matthew Richardson, 2003. "The cash flow, return and risk characteristics of private equity," NBER Working Papers 9454, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    44. Niklas Hüther & David T. Robinson & Sönke Sievers & Thomas Hartmann-Wendels, 2020. "Paying for Performance in Private Equity: Evidence from Venture Capital Partnerships," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(4), pages 1756-1782, April.
    45. Brian Boyer & Taylor D. Nadauld & Keith P. Vorkink & Michael S. Weisbach, 2018. "Private Equity Indices Based on Secondary Market Transactions," NBER Working Papers 25207, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    46. Boyan Jovanovic & Balàzs Szentes, 2007. "On the Return to Venture Capital," NBER Working Papers 12874, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    47. Christian Catalini & Jorge Guzman & Scott Stern, 2019. "Hidden in Plain Sight: Venture Growth with or without Venture Capital," NBER Working Papers 26521, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    48. Bo Liu & Yang Liu & Jinqiang Yang, 2018. "Optimal ownership structure in private equity," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 24(1), pages 113-135, January.
    49. Douglas Cumming & Grant Fleming & Armin Schwienbacher, 2009. "Style Drift in Private Equity," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5‐6), pages 645-678, June.
    50. Fenner, Richard G. & Han, Yufeng & Huang, Zhaodan, 2020. "Idiosyncratic volatility shocks, behavior bias, and cross-sectional stock returns," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 276-293.
    51. Panzica, Roberto Calogero, 2018. "Idiosyncratic volatility puzzle: The role of assets' interconnections," SAFE Working Paper Series 228, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    52. Janeway, W. & Nanda, R. & Rhodes-Kropf, M., 2021. "Venture Capital Booms and Startup Financing," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2147, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    53. Buchner, Axel & Mohamed, Abdulkadir & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2016. "Does risk explain persistence in private equity performance?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 18-35.
    54. Chris Yung, 2017. "Venture Capital and the Market for Talent during Booms and Busts," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 21(5), pages 1875-1899.
    55. Matthias Huss & Daniel Steger, 2020. "Diversification and Fund Performance—An Analysis of Buyout Funds," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, June.
    56. Prosper Lamothe-Fernández & Eduardo García-Argüelles & Sergio Manuel Fernández-Miguélez & Omar Hassani-Zerrouk, 2025. "Determining Drivers of Private Equity Return with Computational Approaches," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 65(1), pages 483-505, January.
    57. Robert E. Hall & Susan E. Woodward, 2007. "The Incentives to Start New Companies: Evidence from Venture Capital," NBER Working Papers 13056, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    58. Joost Driessen & Tse-Chun Lin & Ludovic Phalippou, 2008. "A New Method to Estimate Risk and Return of Non-Traded Assets from Cash Flows: The Case of Private Equity Funds," NBER Working Papers 14144, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    59. Buchner, Axel & Mohamed, Abdulkadir & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2017. "Diversification, risk, and returns in venture capital," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 519-535.
    60. Victor Bello Accioly & Beatriz Vaz de Melo Mendes, 2016. "Assessing the Impact of the Realized Range on the (E)GARCH Volatility: Evidence from Brazil," Brazilian Business Review, Fucape Business School, vol. 13(2), pages 1-26, March.
    61. Hoch, Felix & Lohwasser, Todor S., 2019. "The influence of institutions on venture capital: How transaction costs, uncertainty, and change affect new ventures," Discussion Papers of the Institute for Organisational Economics 9/2019, University of Münster, Institute for Organisational Economics.
    62. Jorida Papakroni, 2018. "The dispersion anomaly and analyst recommendations," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 861-896, April.
    63. Gaddy, Benjamin E. & Sivaram, Varun & Jones, Timothy B. & Wayman, Libby, 2017. "Venture Capital and Cleantech: The wrong model for energy innovation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 385-395.
    64. Sabrina T. Howell, 2017. "Reducing Information Frictions in Venture Capital: The Role of New Venture Competitions," NBER Working Papers 23874, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    65. Robert S. Harris & Tim Jenkinson & Steven N. Kaplan, 2012. "Private Equity Performance: What Do We Know?," NBER Working Papers 17874, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    66. Alexander Ljungqvist & Matthew Richardson & Daniel Wolfenzon, 2008. "The Investment Behavior of Buyout Funds: Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 14180, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    67. Jean-Noël Barrot, 2017. "Investor Horizon and the Life Cycle of Innovative Firms: Evidence from Venture Capital," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(9), pages 3021-3043, September.
    68. Kaserer, Christoph & Diller, Christian, 2004. "What drives cash flow based European private equity returns? Fund inflows, skilled GPs and/or risk?," CEFS Working Paper Series 2004-02, Technische Universität München (TUM), Center for Entrepreneurial and Financial Studies (CEFS).
    69. Luiz Egydio Malamud Rossi & Roy Martelanc, 2013. "An analysis of the management practices of Brazilian private equity firms and their impact on company performance," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 151-172, April.
    70. Valkama, Petri & Maula, Markku & Nikoskelainen, Erkki & Wright, Mike, 2013. "Drivers of holding period firm-level returns in private equity-backed buyouts," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2378-2391.

  17. Michael Ewens & Bryan Tomlin & Liang Choon Wang, "undated". "Statistical Discrimination or Prejudice? A Large Sample Field Experiment," GSIA Working Papers 2012-E37, Carnegie Mellon University, Tepper School of Business.

    Cited by:

    1. Lopez Barrera, Emiliano & Murguia, Juan M., 2015. "Hispanic Job-Seekers outside the fields: are they discriminated?," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 206034, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    2. David Neumark & Judith Rich, 2016. "Do Field Experiments on Labor and Housing Markets Overstate Discrimination? A Re-examination of the Evidence," NBER Working Papers 22278, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Clara Cortina & Jorge Rodríguez & M. José González, 2021. "Mind the Job: The Role of Occupational Characteristics in Explaining Gender Discrimination," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 156(1), pages 91-110, July.
    4. Baldazzi, Elisa & Biroli, Pietro & Della Giusta, Marina & Dubois, Florent, 2025. "Seeing Stereotypes," IZA Discussion Papers 17751, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Acolin, Arthur & Bostic, Raphael & Painter, Gary, 2016. "A field study of rental market discrimination across origins in France," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 49-63.
    6. Siddique, Abu & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Zenou, Yves, 2023. "Market competition and discrimination," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    7. Martin Halla & Christopher Kah & Rupert Sausgruber, 2021. "Testing for Ethnic Discrimination in Outpatient Health Care: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Germany," Economics working papers 2021-15, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    8. Islam, Asadul & Pakrashi, Debayan & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Wang, Liang Choon, 2020. "Stigma and Misconceptions in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Field Experiment in India," IZA Discussion Papers 13995, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Finseraas, Henning & Johnsen, Åshild A. & Kotsadam, Andreas & Torsvik, Gaute, 2016. "Exposure to female colleagues breaks the glass ceiling—Evidence from a combined vignette and field experiment," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 363-374.
    10. Patrick Bayer & Marcus D. Casey & Fernando Ferreira & Robert McMillan, 2012. "Estimating Racial Price Differentials in the Housing Market," NBER Working Papers 18069, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Raffaele Grotti & Helen Russell & Bertrand Maître & Davide Gritti, 2024. "The Experience of Housing Discrimination and Housing Deprivation Across Social Groups in Ireland," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 175(1), pages 195-215, October.
    12. Grotti, Raffaele & Russell, Helen & Fahey, Éammon & Maître, Bertrand, 2018. "Discrimination and inequality in housing in Ireland," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BKMNEXT361.
    13. Sansani, Shahar, 2017. "Are the Religiously Observant Discriminated Against in the Rental Housing Market? Experimental Evidence from Israel," MPRA Paper 81424, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Cartwright, Edward & Wooders, Myrna, 2020. "Own experience bias in evaluating the efforts of others," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 164-178.
    15. Morgane Laouenan & Roland Rathelot, 2017. "Ethnic Discrimination on an Online Marketplace of Vacation Rental," Working Papers hal-01514713, HAL.
    16. Lange, Andreas & Miniesy, Rania & Nicklisch, Andreas & Rabie, Dina & Bock, Olaf & Ross, Johannes, 2023. "Sharing norms and negotiations across cultures: Experimental interactions within and between Egypt and Germany," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 412-440.
    17. Martinez de Lafuente, David, 2021. "Cultural Assimilation and Ethnic Discrimination: An Audit Study with Schools," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    18. Dionissi Aliprantis & Hal Martin & David Phillips, 2019. "Can Landlords Be Paid to Stop Avoiding Voucher Tenants?," Working Papers 19-02, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    19. Gaddis, S. Michael, 2018. "An Introduction to Audit Studies in the Social Sciences," SocArXiv e5hfc, Center for Open Science.
    20. Auspurg, Katrin & Hinz, Thomas & Schmid, Laura, 2017. "Contexts and conditions of ethnic discrimination: Evidence from a field experiment in a German housing market," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 26-36.
    21. Lehdonvirta, Vili & Kässi, Otto & Hjorth, Isis & Barnard, Helena & Graham, Mark, 2018. "The Global Platform Economy: A New Offshoring Institution Enabling Emerging-Economy Microproviders," SocArXiv jt4z7, Center for Open Science.
    22. Melo, Vitor & Rocha, Hugo Vaca Pereira & Sigaud, Liam & Warren, Patrick L. & Gaddis, S. Michael, 2024. "Understanding Discrimination in College Admissions: A Field Experiment," SocArXiv 5ctms, Center for Open Science.
    23. Ruomeng Cui & Jun Li & Dennis J. Zhang, 2020. "Reducing Discrimination with Reviews in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from Field Experiments on Airbnb," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(3), pages 1071-1094, March.
    24. Judd Kessler & Corinne Low & Colin D. Sullivan, 2019. "Incentivized Resume Rating: Eliciting Employer Preferences without Deception," Working Papers 2019-039, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    25. Joanna N. Lahey & Douglas R. Oxley, 2018. "Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-field Experiment," NBER Working Papers 25357, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    26. Cody Cook & Pearl Z. Li & Ariel J. Binder, 2023. "Where to Build Affordable Housing? Evaluating the Tradeoffs of Location," Working Papers 23-62, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    27. David Arnold & Will S. Dobbie & Peter Hull, 2020. "Measuring Racial Discrimination in Bail Decisions," NBER Working Papers 26999, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    28. Vanessa Scholes, 2014. "You Are Not Worth the Risk: Lawful Discrimination in Hiring," Rationality, Markets and Morals, Frankfurt School Verlag, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, vol. 5(82), February.
    29. Chen, Ruoyu & Jiang, Hanchen & Quintero, Luis E., 2023. "Measuring the value of rent stabilization and understanding its implications for racial inequality: Evidence from New York City," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    30. Tjaden, Jasper Dag & Schwemmer, Carsten & Khadjavi, Menusch, 2018. "Ride with Me - Ethnic Discrimination, Social Markets and the Sharing Economy," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 34(4), pages 418-432.
    31. Bohren, Aislinn & Imas, Alex & Rosenberg, Michael, 2018. "The Dynamics of Discrimination: Theory and Evidence," CEPR Discussion Papers 13113, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    32. Morgane Laouénan & Roland Rathelot, 2022. "Can Information Reduce Ethnic Discrimination? Evidence from Airbnb," Post-Print hal-03930675, HAL.
    33. Islam, Asad & Pakrashi, Debayan & Sahoo, Soubhagya & Wang, Liang Choon & Zenou, Yves, 2021. "Gender inequality and caste: Field experimental evidence from India," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 111-124.
    34. Sevilla, Almudena, 2020. "Gender Economics: An Assessment," IZA Discussion Papers 13877, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    35. Gaddis, S. Michael & Quadlin, Natasha & Larsen, Edvard Nergård & Crabtree, Charles & Holbein, John B., 2025. "Missing Results of Discrimination: A Systematically Comparative Meta-Analysis and Re-Examinations of Racial, Gender, and Intersectional Discrimination using Correspondence Audits," SocArXiv nd2y6_v1, Center for Open Science.
    36. Souleymane Mbaye, 2019. "Trois évaluations d’actions de lutte contre les discriminations," Erudite Ph.D Dissertations, Erudite, number ph19-01 edited by Pascale Petit, December.
    37. Ewens, Michael & Townsend, Richard R., 2019. "Are Early Stage Investors Biased Against Women?," SocArXiv x3syb, Center for Open Science.
    38. Makovi, Michael, 2022. "Is There Discrimination in Property Taxation? Evidence from Atlanta, Georgia, 2010-2016," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    39. Dionissi Aliprantis & Hal Martin & David Phillips, 2019. "Landlords and Access to Opportunity," Working Papers 19-02R, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    40. François Bonnet & Etienne Lalé & Mirna Safi & Etienne Wasmer, 2016. "Better residential than ethnic discrimination! : Reconciling audit’s and interview findings in the Parisian housing market," Post-Print hal-01112450, HAL.
    41. Lepinteur, Anthony & Menta, Giorgia & Waltl, Sofie R., 2025. "Equal price for equal place? Demand-driven racial discrimination in the housing market," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    42. Peter Christensen & Ignacio Sarmiento-Barbieri & Christopher Timmins, 2020. "Housing Discrimination and the Toxics Exposure Gap in the United States: Evidence from the Rental Market," NBER Working Papers 26805, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    43. Tomlin, Bryan, 2024. "Pronoun usage and gender identity's effects on market outcomes: Evidence from a preregistered field experiment," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    44. Ewens, Michael, 2022. "Race and Gender in Entrepreneurial Finance," SocArXiv djf8z, Center for Open Science.
    45. Mathieu Bunel & Samuel Gorohouna & Yannick L'Horty & Pascale Petit & Catherine Ris, 2018. "Ethnic discrimination in the rental housing market : an experiment in New Caledonia," Working Papers halshs-01879553, HAL.
    46. Phillips, David C., 2017. "Landlords avoid tenants who pay with vouchers," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 48-52.
    47. Sugasawa, Takeru & Harano, Kei, 2023. "A field experiment on discrimination against foreigners in the rental housing market in Japan examining the 23 wards of Tokyo," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    48. Chan, Eric W. & Fan, Yulian, 2023. "Housing discrimination in the low-income context: Evidence from a correspondence experiment," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(PA).
    49. Weichselbaumer, Doris & Riess, Hermann, 2024. "Discrimination in the Austrian Rental Housing Market: The Effect of Information Concerning First and Second-Generation Immigrant Status," IZA Discussion Papers 17403, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    50. Ilić, Dragan, 2016. "Prejudice in Naturalization Decisions: Theory and Evidence," Working papers 2016/04, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.
    51. Georgiou, Georgios, 2022. "Do correctional authorities treat all offenders equally? Evaluating the use of a risk assessment instrument," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    52. Hanson, Andrew, 2017. "Do college admissions counselors discriminate? Evidence from a correspondence-based field experiment," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 86-96.
    53. Marius Brülhart & Gian-Paolo Klinke & Andrea Marcucci & Dominic Rohner & Mathias Thoenig, 2023. "Price and Prejudice: Housing Rents Reveal Racial Animus," CESifo Working Paper Series 10369, CESifo.
    54. Zenou, Yves & Islam, Asad & Pakrashi, Debayan & Wang, Liang Choon, 2018. "Determining the Extent of Statistical Discrimination: Evidence from a field experiment in India," CEPR Discussion Papers 12955, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    55. Kakar, Venoo & Voelz, Joel & Wu, Julia & Franco, Julisa, 2018. "The Visible Host: Does race guide Airbnb rental rates in San Francisco?," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 25-40.
    56. Lawrence, Edward R. & Raithatha, Mehul, 2023. "Gender bias, board diversity, and firm value: Evidence from a natural experiment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    57. Gaddis, S. Michael & DiRago, Nicholas V., 2021. "Audit Studies of Housing in the United States: Established, Emerging, and Future Research," SocArXiv fn4ta, Center for Open Science.
    58. Gagnon, Nickolas & Nosenzo, Daniele, 2025. "Discrimination Preferences," EconStor Preprints 323979, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    59. Ahrash Dianat & Federico Echenique & Leeat Yariv, 2021. "Statistical Discrimination and Affirmative Action in the Lab," Working Papers 2020-46, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    60. Corrado Giulietti & Mirco Tonin & Michael Vlassopoulos, 2015. "Racial Discrimination in Local Public Services: A Field Experiment in the US," Working Papers 080, "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics (DONDENA), Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi.
    61. Murchie, Judson & Pang, Jindong, 2018. "Rental housing discrimination across protected classes: Evidence from a randomized experiment," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 170-179.
    62. Zanoni, Wladimir & Díaz, Lina, 2024. "Discrimination against migrants and its determinants: Evidence from a Multi-Purpose Field Experiment in the Housing Rental Market," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    63. Sylvain Chareyron & Sammuel Gorohouna & Yannick L'Horty & Pascale Petit & Catherine Ris, 2019. "Seeking for tipping point in the housing market: evidence from a field experiment," TEPP Working Paper 2019-04, TEPP.
    64. Carlsson, Magnus & Eriksson, Stefan, 2014. "Discrimination in the rental market for apartments," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 41-54.
    65. Waddell, Glen R. & Lee, Logan M., 2014. "The Timing of Preference and Prejudice in Sequential Hiring Games," IZA Discussion Papers 8445, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    66. Della Giusta, Marina & Bosworth, Steven J., 2020. "Bias and Discrimination: What Do We Know?," IZA Discussion Papers 13983, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    67. Carlsson, Magnus & Fumarco, Luca & Rooth, Dan-Olof, 2013. "Artifactual Evidence of Discrimination in Correspondence Studies? A Replication of the Neumark Method," IZA Discussion Papers 7619, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    68. Morris A. Davis & Jesse Gregory & Daniel A. Hartley & Kegon T. K. Tan, 2021. "Neighborhood effects and housing vouchers," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 12(4), pages 1307-1346, November.
    69. Rupar, Kathy & Wang, Sean & Yoon, Hayoung, 2025. "Do sell-side analysts react too pessimistically to bad news for minority-led firms? Evidence from target price valuations," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(1).
    70. Lee, Jungmin & Park, Sangkon, 2019. "Price discrimination by language: Field experimental evidence from a shopping mall," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 69-98.
    71. Niclas Berggren & Christian Bjørnskov, 2024. "Institutions as predictors of government discrimination," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 77(3), pages 642-663, August.
    72. Nunley John M. & Pugh Adam & Romero Nicholas & Seals R. Alan, 2015. "Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market for Recent College Graduates: Evidence from a Field Experiment," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 15(3), pages 1093-1125, July.
    73. Dustan, Andrew & Koutout, Kristine & Leo, Greg, 2022. "Second-order beliefs and gender," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 752-781.
    74. Diego A. Martin, 2024. "Women Seeking Jobs with Limited Information: Evidence from Iraq," CID Working Papers 157a, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    75. Flage, Alexandre, 2018. "Ethnic and gender discrimination in the rental housing market: Evidence from a meta-analysis of correspondence tests, 2006–2017," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 251-273.
    76. Rich, Judy, 2014. "What Do Field Experiments of Discrimination in Markets Tell Us? A Meta Analysis of Studies Conducted since 2000," IZA Discussion Papers 8584, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    77. Thijssen, Lex & Lancee, Bram & Veit, Susanne & Yemane, Ruta, 2021. "Discrimination against Turkish minorities in Germany and the Netherlands: field experimental evidence on the effect of diagnostic information on labour market outcomes," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 47(6), pages 1222-1239.
    78. Auspurg, Katrin & Schneck, Andreas & Thiel, Fabian, 2020. "Different samples, different results? How sampling techniques affect the results of field experiments on ethnic discrimination," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 0.
    79. Joanna N. Lahey & Douglas R. Oxley, 2021. "Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender: Evidence from an Eye‐Tracking Experiment," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(4), pages 1083-1119, September.
    80. Mbaye, Souleymane & Bunel, Mathieu & L'Horty, Yannick & Petit, Pascale & Parquet, Loïc du, 2020. "Discriminations in the market for “Lemons”: A multicriteria correspondence test in France," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 24(C).
    81. Mourelatos, Evangelos & Oikarinen, Elias, 2023. "Ethnic discrimination during wartime: Evidence from a field experiment in the Finnish housing market," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    82. Alexandre Flage, 2018. "Ethnic and Gender Discrimination in Rental Housing Market, Evidence from Meta-Analysis of Correspondence Tests, 2006-2017," Working Papers 2018-04, CRESE.
    83. Michael Rochlitz & Evgeniya Mitrokhina & Irina Nizovkina, 2020. "Bureaucratic Discrimination in Electoral Authoritarian Regimes: Experimental Evidence from Russia," Bremen Papers on Economics & Innovation 2010, University of Bremen, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics.
    84. Elisa Baldazzi & Pietro Biroli & Marina Della Giusta & Florent Dubois, 2025. "Seeing stereotypes," IFS Working Papers W25/46, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    85. Lee, Logan M. & Waddell, Glen R., 2021. "Diversity and the timing of preference in hiring decisions," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 432-459.
    86. Andrew Hanson & Zackary Hawley, 2023. "Restricted access: Real estate agent response to client race, ethnicity, gender, and side of market," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 51(4), pages 855-890, July.
    87. Natalya Bikmetova & Geoffrey K. Turnbull & Velma Zahirovic‐Herbert, 2023. "Ethnicity in housing markets: Buyers, sellers and agents," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 51(1), pages 196-232, January.
    88. Weichselbaumer, Doris & Riess, Hermann, 2024. "Discrimination in the Austrian rental housing market: The effect of information concerning first and second-generation immigrant status," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    89. Rüttenauer, Tobias & Best, Henning, 2020. "Perceived Pollution and Residential Sorting in Germany: Income May Not Sort, But it Helps to Escape," SocArXiv wdu2n, Center for Open Science.
    90. Mathieu Bunel & Samuel Gorohouna & Yannick L'Horty & Pascale Petit & Catherine Ris, 2016. "Discriminations ethniques dans l’accès au logement : une expérimentation en Nouvelle-Calédonie," TEPP Research Report 2016-08, TEPP.
    91. Yang, Xiaoliang & Zhou, Peng, 2025. "Unveiling citation bias in economics: Taste-based discrimination against Chinese-authored papers," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    92. Mathieu Bunel & Samuel Gorohouna & Yannick L’horty & Pascale Petit & Catherine Ris, 2017. "Ethnic Discrimination in the Rental Housing Market: An Experiment in New Caledonia," Post-Print hal-04264978, HAL.
    93. Jorge Rodríguez Menés & Marti Rovira, 2021. "Assessing Discrimination in Correspondence Studies," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 50(4), pages 1584-1622, November.
    94. Andrew Hanson & Michael Santas, 2014. "Field Experiment Tests for Discrimination against Hispanics in the U.S. Rental Housing Market," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 81(1), pages 135-167, July.
    95. Abbate, Nicolás & Berniell, Inés & Coleff, Joaquín & Laguinge, Luis & Machelett, Margarita & Marchionni, Mariana & Pedrazzi, Julián & Pinto, María Florencia, 2024. "Discrimination against gay and transgender people in Latin America: A correspondence study in the rental housing market," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    96. Sang-Hyun Kim & Fernanda L. Lopez de Leon, 2016. "In-group and Out-group Biases in the Marketplace: A Field Experiment during the World Cup," Working papers 2016rwp-100, Yonsei University, Yonsei Economics Research Institute.
    97. Tjaden, Jasper Dag & Schwemmer, Carsten & Khadjavi, Menusch, 2017. "Ride with me: Ethnic discrimination in social markets," Kiel Working Papers 2087, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    98. Hector Blanco & Jaehee Song, 2025. "Discrimination Against Housing Vouchers: Evidence from Online Rental Listings," CESifo Working Paper Series 11920, CESifo.
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Articles

  1. Ewens, Michael & Gorbenko, Alexander & Korteweg, Arthur, 2022. "Venture capital contracts," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 131-158.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Michael Ewens & Joan Farre-Mensa, 2022. "Private or Public Equity? The Evolving Entrepreneurial Finance Landscape," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 271-293, November.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  3. Ewens, Michael & Townsend, Richard R., 2020. "Are early stage investors biased against women?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(3), pages 653-677.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  4. Michael Ewens & Joan Farre-Mensa, 2020. "The Deregulation of the Private Equity Markets and the Decline in IPOs," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(12), pages 5463-5509.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  5. Michael Ewens & Matt Marx, 2018. "Founder Replacement and Startup Performance," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 31(4), pages 1532-1565.

    Cited by:

    1. Ge, Guoqing & Xue, Jian & Zhang, Qian, 2024. "Industrial policy and governmental venture capital: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    2. Sascha Hohen & Lars Schweizer, 2021. "Entrepreneurs’ Exit Strategy Intentions and Their Final Exit Paths," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 73(3), pages 443-477, December.
    3. Ruyu Chen & Natarajan Balasubramanian & Chris Forman, 2024. "How does worker mobility affect business adoption of a new technology? The case of machine learning," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(8), pages 1510-1538, August.
    4. Lele Cao & Vilhelm von Ehrenheim & Sebastian Krakowski & Xiaoxue Li & Alexandra Lutz, 2022. "Using Deep Learning to Find the Next Unicorn: A Practical Synthesis," Papers 2210.14195, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2024.
    5. Bennett, Daniel L. & Wagner, Gary & Araki, Michael, 2024. "Labor market reform as an external enabler of high-growth entrepreneurship: A multi-level institutional contingency perspective," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 39(6).
    6. Josh Lerner & Ramana Nanda, 2020. "Venture Capital’s Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn," NBER Working Papers 27492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Sahuguet, Nicolas & Chaigneau, Pierre, 2021. "The Complementarity between Signal Informativeness and Monitoring," CEPR Discussion Papers 15625, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Stojkovski, Isabella & Jarchow, Svenja & Huber, Alexander & Thies, Ferdinand, 2024. "A blueprint for success? Exploring business models of additive manufacturing ventures," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    9. Michael Ewens & Ramana Nanda & Christopher T. Stanton, 2020. "Founder-CEO Compensation and Selection into Venture Capital-Backed Entrepreneurship," NBER Working Papers 27296, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Michael Ewens & Alexander S. Gorbenko & Arthur Korteweg, 2019. "Venture Capital Contracts," NBER Working Papers 26115, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Annamaria Conti & Stuart J. H. Graham, 2020. "Valuable Choices: Prominent Venture Capitalists’ Influence on Startup CEO Replacements," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(3), pages 1325-1350, March.
    12. Bianco, Simone & Zach, Florian J. & Liu, Anyu, 2022. "Early and late-stage startup funding in hospitality: Effects on incumbents' market value," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    13. Dimitrios Gounopoulos & Georgios Loukopoulos & Panagiotis Loukopoulos, 2021. "CEO education and the ability to raise capital," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 67-99, January.
    14. Dang, Viet Anh & Karpuz, Ahmet & Mohamed, Abdulkadir, 2023. "Venture capital directors and corporate debt structure: An empirical analysis of newly listed companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    15. He, Qing & Li, Xiaoyang, 2020. "The failure of Chinese peer-to-peer lending platforms: Finance and politics," BOFIT Discussion Papers 27/2020, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
    16. Jörn H. Block & Christian Fisch & Walter Diegel, 2024. "Schumpeterian entrepreneurial digital identity and funding from venture capital firms," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 49(1), pages 119-157, February.
    17. Benjamin Balsmeier & Lee Fleming & Matt Marx & Seungryul Ryan Shin, 2020. "Startups, Unicorns, and the Local Inflow of Inventors," NBER Working Papers 27605, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    18. Çolak, Gönül & Korkeamäki, Timo, 2021. "CEO mobility and corporate policy risk," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    19. Lin, Nan & Liu, Chengyi & Chen, Sicen & Pan, Jianping & Zhang, Pengdong, 2022. "The monitoring role of venture capital on controllers' tunneling: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    20. Jörn H. Block & Walter Diegel & Christian Fisch, 2024. "How venture capital funding changes an entrepreneur’s digital identity: more self-confidence and professionalism but less authenticity!," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 18(8), pages 2287-2319, August.
    21. Sascha O Becker & Hans K Hvide, 2022. "Entrepreneur Death and Startup Performance [The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(1), pages 163-185.
    22. Hottenrott, Hanna & Berger, Marius, 2021. "Start-Up Subsidies and the Sources of Venture Capital," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242383, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    23. Chemmanur, Thomas J. & Hu, Gang & Wu, Chaopeng & Wu, Shinong & Yan, Zehao, 2021. "Transforming the management and governance of private family firms: The role of venture capital," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    24. Ewens, Michael & Nanda, Ramana & Stanton, Christopher, 2020. "The Evolution of CEO Compensation in Venture Capital Backed Startups," SocArXiv rku3m, Center for Open Science.
    25. Roche, Maria P. & Conti, Annamaria & Rothaermel, Frank T., 2020. "Different founders, different venture outcomes: A comparative analysis of academic and non-academic startups," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(10).
    26. Ge, Guoqing & Xue, Jian & Zhang, Qian, 2025. "Syndicate partner composition of governmental venture capital firms: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    27. Brown, Ross & Mawson, Suzanne & Rocha, Augusto & Rowe, Alex, 2025. "Looking inside the ‘black box’ of digital firm scaling: An ethnographically informed conceptualisation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    28. Kourosh Shafi, 2021. "Investors’ evaluation criteria in equity crowdfunding," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 3-37, January.
    29. Li, Xuelin & Liu, Tong & Taylor, Lucian A., 2023. "Common ownership and innovation efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(3), pages 475-497.
    30. Joonkyu Choi & Nathan Goldschlag & John Haltiwanger & J. Daniel Kim, 2019. "Founding Teams and Startup Performance," Working Papers 19-32, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    31. Alan Benson & Danielle Li & Kelly Shue, 2018. "Promotions and the Peter Principle," NBER Working Papers 24343, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    32. Colak, Gonul & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Loukopoulos, Panagiotis & Loukopoulos, Georgios, 2021. "Tournament incentives and IPO failure risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    33. Chila, Vilma & Devarakonda, Shivaram, 2024. "The effects of firm-specific incentives (stock options) on mobility and employee entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 39(3).
    34. He, Qing & Li, Xiaoyang, 2021. "The failure of Chinese peer-to-peer lending platforms: Finance and politics," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    35. Cici, Gjergji & Hendriock, Mario & Kempf, Alexander, 2021. "The impact of labor mobility restrictions on managerial actions: Evidence from the mutual fund industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    36. He, Zhaozhao, 2025. "Non-compete agreements, innovation value and efficiency," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    37. Hyo Kang & Wyatt Lee, 2022. "How innovating firms manage knowledge leakage: A natural experiment on the threat of worker departure," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(10), pages 1961-1982, October.
    38. Pelucco, Valerio & Vismara, Silvio, 2025. "Where do angels come from?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    39. Michael Gofman & Zhao Jin, 2024. "Artificial Intelligence, Education, and Entrepreneurship," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(1), pages 631-667, February.
    40. Yu, Qianqian, 2025. "Do venture capital-driven top management changes enhance corporate innovation in private firms?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    41. Bettina Bruggemann & Zachary L. Mahone & Thomas Palmer, 2025. "Ownership Changes and Firm Dynamics," Department of Economics Working Papers 2025-03, McMaster University.
    42. Tumasjan, Andranik & Braun, Reiner & Stolz, Barbara, 2021. "Twitter sentiment as a weak signal in venture capital financing," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(2).
    43. Mueller, Clemens, 2023. "Non-Compete Agreements and Labor Allocation Across Product Markets," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277621, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    44. Jesper Haga & Fredrik Huhtamäki & Dennis Sundvik, 2022. "Ruthless Exploiters or Ethical Guardians of the Workforce? Powerful CEOs and their Impact on Workplace Safety and Health," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 177(3), pages 641-663, May.
    45. Chila, Vilma & van den Oever, Koen, 2025. "Time to say goodbye? The role of SBIR funding, VC rounds, and initial alliance for director exit in new ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 40(3).
    46. Xiao, Fenglong, 2022. "Non-competes and innovation: Evidence from medical devices," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(6).
    47. Vladimirov, Vladimir, 2021. "Financing Skilled Labor," CEPR Discussion Papers 15751, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    48. Li, Xiaodan & Jiao, Yang & Yu, Min-Teh & Zhao, Yang, 2019. "Founders and the decision of Chinese dual-class IPOs in the U.S," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).

  6. Ewens, Michael & Nanda, Ramana & Rhodes-Kropf, Matthew, 2018. "Cost of experimentation and the evolution of venture capital," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(3), pages 422-442.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  7. Indraneel Chakraborty & Michael Ewens, 2018. "Managing Performance Signals Through Delay: Evidence from Venture Capital," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(6), pages 2875-2900, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Andra C. Ghent, 2019. "What's Wrong with Pittsburgh? Delegated Investors and Liquidity Concentration," NBER Working Papers 25966, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Jing Wu & He Li & Ling Liu & Yun Xu, 2021. "Prior ties, investor role, and venture capital syndication," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 1449-1459, April.
    3. Chinmoy Ghosh & Mingwei Liang & Milena T Petrova, 2020. "The Effect of Fair Value Method Adoption: Evidence from Real Estate Firms in the EU," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 205-237, February.
    4. Wright, Nataliya Langburd & Nagle, Frank & Greenstein, Shane, 2023. "Open source software and global entrepreneurship," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(9).
    5. Gornall, Will & Strebulaev, Ilya A., 2020. "Squaring venture capital valuations with reality," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(1), pages 120-143.
    6. Ting Yao & Hugh O'Neill, 2022. "Venture capital exit pressure and venture exit: A board perspective," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(13), pages 2829-2848, December.
    7. Hogrebe, Fabian & Lutz, Eva, 2024. "The sunk cost fallacy in venture capital staging: Decision-making dynamics for follow-on investment rounds," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    8. Agarwal, Vikas & Barber, Brad M. & Cheng, Si & Hameed, Allaudeen & Shanker, Harshini & Yasuda, Ayako, 2023. "Do investors overvalue startups? Evidence from the junior stakes of mutual funds," CFR Working Papers 23-04, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR).
    9. Vikas Agarwal & Brad Barber & Si Cheng & Allaudeen Hameed & Ayako Yasuda, 2023. "Private Company Valuations by Mutual Funds," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 693-738.
    10. Elena Yu. Makushina, 2022. "Disclosure by Venture Capital Funds Formed Under Investment Partnership Agreement," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 2, pages 113-129, April.
    11. Niklas Hüther & David T. Robinson & Sönke Sievers & Thomas Hartmann-Wendels, 2020. "Paying for Performance in Private Equity: Evidence from Venture Capital Partnerships," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(4), pages 1756-1782, April.
    12. Alda, Mercedes, 2018. "A strategic fund family business decision: The pension fund liquidation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 248-265.
    13. William Gornall & Ilya A. Strebulaev, 2017. "Squaring Venture Capital Valuations with Reality," NBER Working Papers 23895, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Lei Zhang, 2019. "Founders Matter! Serial Entrepreneurs and Venture Capital Syndicate Formation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(5), pages 974-998, September.
    15. Iana Shaheen & Arash Azadegan & Donna F. Davis, 2023. "Resource Scarcity and Humanitarian Social Innovation: Observations from Hunger Relief in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 182(3), pages 597-617, January.
    16. CREHAN Patrick, 2020. "Reflections on a Revision of the Definition of the EU SME," JRC Research Reports JRC123296, Joint Research Centre.
    17. Kang, Jun-Koo & Li, Yingxiang & Oh, Seungjoon, 2022. "Venture Capital Coordination in Syndicates, Corporate Monitoring, and Firm Performance," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    18. Abhishek Bhardwaj & Abhinav Gupta & Sabrina T. Howell, 2025. "Leveraged Payouts: How Using New Debt to Pay Returns in Private Equity Affects Firms, Employees, Creditors, and Investors," Working Papers 25-12, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    19. Jelic, Ranko & Zhou, Dan & Ahmad, Wasim, 2021. "Do stressed PE firms misbehave?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).

  8. Michael Ewens & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, 2015. "Is a VC Partnership Greater Than the Sum of Its Partners?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(3), pages 1081-1113, June.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  9. Michael Ewens & Bryan Tomlin & Liang Choon Wang, 2014. "Statistical Discrimination or Prejudice? A Large Sample Field Experiment," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 96(1), pages 119-134, March.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  10. Michael Ewens & Charles M. Jones & Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, 2013. "The Price of Diversifiable Risk in Venture Capital and Private Equity," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 26(8), pages 1854-1889.
    See citations under working paper version above.

Chapters

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