These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19958 of 74391 economists are female, or a proportion of 26.83%.

Listings by

• Country
• US state
• Field
• Cohort
• Ranking

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country	# authors	# female	share(%)
Algeria	79.57	17	21.36
Argentina	439.00	110.76	25.23
Australia	1664.04	423.11	25.43
Austria	612.21	144.12	23.54
Azerbaijan	55.95	8	14.30
Bangladesh	219.38	27.15	12.38
Belgium	972.61	267.43	27.50
Bolivia	92.97	24.15	25.98
Brazil	1100.43	193.86	17.62
Bulgaria	263.50	136	51.61
Cameroun	78.65	16.68	21.21
Canada	1805.55	383.17	21.22
Chile	493.21	77.87	15.79
China	1738.53	483.67	27.82
Colombia	772.77	186.58	24.14
Croatia	173.05	91.75	53.02
Cyprus	52.28	10.50	20.08
Czech Republic	582.06	192.56	33.08
Denmark	475.25	115.49	24.30
Ecuador	145.48	39.05	26.84
Egypt	121.77	48.60	39.91
Estonia	56.69	18	31.75
Ethiopia	83.47	15.60	18.69
Finland	287.05	72.85	25.38
France	4043.01	1288.83	31.88
Germany	3701.08	945.42	25.54
Ghana	143.91	15.74	10.94
Greece	650.48	148.54	22.84
Hong Kong	175.74	30.90	17.58
Hungary	437.62	137.82	31.49
India	1346.30	394.57	29.31
Indonesia	479.17	130.56	27.25
Iran	183.18	26.50	14.47
Ireland	366.32	117.60	32.10
Israel	245.99	42	17.07
Italy	3754.79	1224.24	32.60
Japan	1321.29	180.96	13.70
Kazakhstan	72.65	22	30.28
Kenya	55.46	12.54	22.61
Lebanon	94.86	34.52	36.39
Luxembourg	342.30	95.14	27.79
Macao	52.89	16.90	31.95
North Macedonia	72.83	33.45	45.93
Malaysia	404.69	108.40	26.79
Mexico	479.95	94.70	19.73
Mongolia	52.57	20.10	38.23
Morocco	121.57	22.10	18.18
Netherlands	1315.28	296.87	22.57
New Zealand	299.20	70.12	23.44
Nigeria	431.95	80.88	18.72
Norway	518.84	100.90	19.45
Pakistan	578.28	131.59	22.76
Peru	285	54.59	19.15
Philippines	223.00	78.94	35.40
Poland	816.32	272.39	33.37
Portugal	768.73	283.35	36.86
Romania	1204.98	706.60	58.64
Russia	1656.71	745.50	45.00
Saudi Arabia	94.71	8.40	8.87
Singapore	218.92	50.25	22.95
Slovakia	159.91	53.80	33.64
Slovenia	54.77	14	25.56
South Africa	452.99	138.00	30.46
South Korea	446.94	101.04	22.61
Spain	2849.46	923.32	32.40
Sri Lanka	52.36	22.35	42.68
Sweden	772.62	194.38	25.16
Switzerland	1162.18	271.82	23.39
Taiwan	272.12	63.05	23.17
Thailand	173.38	67.45	38.90
Tunisia	273.72	91.20	33.32
Turkey	996.88	261.94	26.28
United Arab Emirates	122.57	24.04	19.61
United Kingdom	4161.01	1075.41	25.85
Ukraine	218.45	82.15	37.61
Uruguay	131.60	49.70	37.77
Viet Nam	257.34	71.55	27.80

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State	# authors	# female	share (%)
Alabama (United States)	104.43	24.81	23.76
Arkansas (United States)	55.63	10.16	18.26
Arizona (United States)	126.75	31.59	24.92
California (United States)	1270.80	261.74	20.60
Colorado (United States)	146.59	31.26	21.32
Connecticut (United States)	264.92	51.81	19.56
District of Columbia (United States)	2577.37	705.73	27.38
Delaware (United States)	51.52	18.02	34.98
Florida (United States)	263.00	57.29	21.78
Georgia (United States)	320.02	75.52	23.60
Iowa (United States)	89.43	24	26.84
Illinois (United States)	570.18	112.55	19.74
Indiana (United States)	295.35	66.89	22.65
Kansas (United States)	72.53	12.90	17.79
Kentucky (United States)	89.34	16.40	18.36
Louisiana (United States)	94.62	18.85	19.92
Massachusetts (United States)	1022.56	238.83	23.36
Maryland (United States)	239.79	53.56	22.34
Maine (United States)	55.85	14.76	26.43
Michigan (United States)	321.11	62.80	19.56
Minnesota (United States)	174.09	38.74	22.25
Missouri (United States)	258.20	68.27	26.44
North Carolina (United States)	359.74	66.14	18.39
Nebraska (United States)	61.90	13	21.00
New Hampshire (United States)	72.36	17.78	24.57
New Jersey (United States)	205.34	44.60	21.72
New York (United States)	1096.63	267.76	24.42
Ohio (United States)	321.40	83.62	26.02
Oklahoma (United States)	87.96	22.87	26.00
Oregon (United States)	73.13	23.43	32.04
Pennsylvania (United States)	576.94	136.54	23.67
Rhode Island (United States)	87.89	17.50	19.91
South Carolina (United States)	91.73	21.99	23.97
Tennessee (United States)	173.14	33.25	19.20
Texas (United States)	571.91	118.48	20.72
Utah (United States)	116.57	21.40	18.36
Virginia (United States)	383.84	87.56	22.81
Washington (United States)	107.58	30.22	28.09
Wisconsin (United States)	170.63	40.97	24.01

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field	# authors	# female	share (%)
ACC Accounting and Auditing	157.77	44.47	28.19
AFR Africa	288.26	68.57	23.79
AGE Economics of Ageing	337.58	108.41	32.11
AGR Agricultural Economics	1515.62	428.96	28.30
AIN Artificial Intelligence	63.73	12.63	19.82
ARA MENA - Middle East and North Africa	346.55	97.53	28.14
BAN Banking	831.58	196.17	23.59
BEC Business Economics	461.28	100.25	21.73
BIG Big Data	280.95	66.60	23.70
CBA Central Banking	1291.67	255.13	19.75
CBE Cognitive and Behavioural Economics	351.89	82.40	23.42
CDM Collective Decision-Making	321.06	66.89	20.83
CFN Corporate Finance	246.30	54.16	21.99
CIS Confederation of Independent States	450.47	175.63	38.99
CMP Computational Economics	373.58	80.20	21.47
CNA China	281.40	89.22	31.71
COM Industrial Competition	734.65	135.67	18.47
CSE Economics of Strategic Management	300.86	95.57	31.77
CTA Contract Theory and Applications	148.83	24.51	16.47
CUL Cultural Economics	79.12	29.52	37.31
CWA Central and Western Asia	239.08	57.27	23.95
DCM Discrete Choice Models	222.41	53.79	24.19
DEM Demographic Economics	188.30	81.91	43.50
DES Economic Design	172.81	32.76	18.96
DEV Development	724.81	217.57	30.02
DGE Dynamic General Equilibrium	1261.87	228.98	18.15
ECM Econometrics	833.34	119.89	14.39
EDU Education	482.51	151.22	31.34
EEC European Economics	762.31	201.21	26.39
EFF Efficiency and Productivity	502.82	122.52	24.37
ENE Energy Economics	1542.06	372.88	24.18
ENT Entrepreneurship	341.06	81.45	23.88
ENV Environmental Economics	2068.14	570.38	27.58
ETS Econometric Time Series	349.62	56.08	16.04
EUR Microeconomic European Issues	831.12	306.64	36.90
EVO Evolutionary Economics	149.56	27.07	18.10
EXP Experimental Economics	1354.13	388.46	28.69
FDG Financial Development and Growth	480.11	115.80	24.12
FLE Financial Literacy and Education	68.90	28.28	41.05
FMK Financial Markets	232.23	41.58	17.91
FOR Forecasting	251.79	54.04	21.46
GEN Gender	121.76	63.41	52.08
GEO Economic Geography	502.94	109.73	21.82
GER German Papers	192.79	48.64	25.23
GRO Economic Growth	205.76	41.54	20.19
GTH Game Theory	638.37	113.48	17.78
HAP Economics of Happiness	108.14	31.00	28.66
HEA Health Economics	943.47	323.12	34.25
HIS Business, Economic and Financial History	955.57	209.78	21.95
HME Heterodox Microeconomics	269.40	73.24	27.19
HPE History and Philosophy of Economics	262.56	36.17	13.78
HRM Human Capital and Human Resource Management	258.21	76.00	29.43
IAS Insurance Economics	225.93	57.03	25.24
ICT Information and Communication Technologies	138.59	35.02	25.27
IFN International Finance	252.64	53.62	21.22
IND Industrial Organization	206.53	37.41	18.11
INO Innovation	603.64	164.35	27.23
INT International Trade	1291.34	347.42	26.90
INV Investment	99.46	25.50	25.64
IPR Intellectual Property Rights	129.58	31.79	24.53
ISF Islamic Finance	185.91	56.40	30.34
IUE Informal and Underground Economics	143.72	41.34	28.76
KNM Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy	126.02	34.26	27.19
LAB Labour Economics	1239.34	397.68	32.09
LAM Central and South America	200.60	57.90	28.86
LAW Law and Economics	305.76	80.65	26.38
LMA Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages	631.33	192.90	30.55
LTV Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty	217.85	57.53	26.41
MAC Macroeconomics	3384.09	648.10	19.15
MFD Microfinance	104.25	30.48	29.23
MIC Microeconomics	652.11	89.50	13.73
MIG Economics of Human Migration	370.19	123.02	33.23
MKT Marketing	79.43	21.51	27.08
MON Monetary Economics	1643.42	337.12	20.51
MST Market Microstructure	93.37	18.33	19.64
NET Network Economics	199.60	41.50	20.79
NEU Neuroeconomics	77.20	32.49	42.09
OPM Open Economy Macroeconomics	401.19	90.09	22.46
ORE Operations Research	306.71	54.54	17.78
PAY Payment Systems and Financial Technology	404.13	107.23	26.53
PBE Public Economics	629.86	134.58	21.37
PKE Post Keynesian Economics	175.91	31.34	17.82
POL Positive Political Economics	437.86	102.16	23.33
PPM Project, Program and Portfolio Management	67.30	19.65	29.20
PUB Public Finance	262.92	55.00	20.92
REG Regulation	387.50	82.79	21.37
RES Resource Economics	59.08	13.14	22.23
RMG Risk Management	408.21	76.46	18.73
SBM Small Business Management	474.98	131.65	27.72
SEA South East Asia	658.85	168.89	25.63
SOC Social Norms and Social Capital	288.90	81.06	28.06
SOG Sociology of Economics	74.80	16.44	21.98
SPO Sports and Economics	90.66	7.56	8.34
TID Technology and Industrial Dynamics	363.98	91.53	25.15
TRA Transition Economics	689.61	243.84	35.36
TRE Transport Economics	206.06	55.04	26.71
TUR Tourism Economics	57.59	16.51	28.67
UPT Utility Models and Prospect Theory	345.23	66.94	19.39
URE Urban and Real Estate Economics	2029.55	554.03	27.30

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort	# authors	# female	share (%)
1970	51	0	0
1971	67	3	4.48
1972	65	2	3.08
1973	78	5	6.41
1974	78	1	1.28
1975	100	4	4
1976	97	8	8.25
1977	75	3	4
1978	96	10	10.42
1979	90	5	5.56
1980	101	7	6.93
1981	119	3	2.52
1982	115	9	7.83
1983	137	15	10.95
1984	122	14	11.48
1985	149	9	6.04
1986	169	20	11.83
1987	172	26	15.12
1988	187	31	16.58
1989	201	20	9.95
1990	213	24	11.27
1991	232	32	13.79
1992	245	41	16.73
1993	264	41	15.53
1994	251	42	16.73
1995	325	55	16.92
1996	346	66	19.08
1997	315	45	14.29
1998	369	81	21.95
1999	395	85	21.52
2000	492	98	19.92
2001	462	113	24.46
2002	501	115	22.95
2003	484	112	23.14
2004	474	100	21.10
2005	553	122	22.06
2006	540	133	24.63
2007	621	162	26.09
2008	653	165	25.27
2009	650	165	25.38
2010	621	167	26.89
2011	636	151	23.74
2012	618	134	21.68
2013	603	158	26.20
2014	550	131	23.82
2015	572	145	25.35
2016	503	119	23.66
2017	479	109	22.76
2018	477	128	26.83
2019	428	100	23.36
2020	391	99	25.32
2021	362	102	28.18
2022	331	72	21.75
2023	325	86	26.46
2024	226	49	21.68
2025	168	43	25.60
2026	56	8	14.29

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile	All (%)	10Y (%)
1-1	5.91	9.95
2-2	9.68	13.44
3-3	8.74	14.52
4-4	11.29	17.34
5-5	11.83	18.69
6-10	15.62	20.06
11-15	19.12	21.21
16-20	21.78	23.23
21-25	23.04	25.97
26-30	25.19	25.24
31-40	26.17	27.68
41-50	28.18	28.89
51-100	31.36	29.29

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

• Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Valencia, Spain.
• Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
• Author registration, institution database, and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann.
• RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel.