These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19797 of 73835 economists are female, or a proportion of 27%.

Listings by

• Country
• US state
• Field
• Cohort
• Ranking

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country	# authors	# female	share(%)
Algeria	77.57	17	21.92
Argentina	430.30	107.75	25.04
Australia	1660.08	420.12	25.31
Austria	604.61	142.11	23.50
Azerbaijan	55.95	8	14.30
Bangladesh	215.38	27.15	12.61
Belgium	963.84	260.43	27.02
Bolivia	93.47	24.15	25.84
Brazil	1097.10	190.86	17.40
Bulgaria	263.50	136	51.61
Cameroun	75.65	15.68	20.73
Canada	1804.02	383.16	21.24
Chile	487.31	76.87	15.77
China	1704.31	468.67	27.50
Colombia	761.28	184.59	24.25
Croatia	171.72	91.42	53.24
Cyprus	52.28	10.50	20.08
Czech Republic	575.11	190.56	33.13
Denmark	474.08	115.50	24.36
Ecuador	143.48	38.05	26.52
Egypt	122.57	48.60	39.65
Estonia	56.69	18	31.75
Ethiopia	81.37	16.50	20.28
Finland	285.55	72.85	25.51
France	4032.25	1281.73	31.79
Germany	3682.56	939.37	25.51
Ghana	142.91	15.74	11.01
Greece	642.14	147.54	22.98
Hong Kong	173.70	29.90	17.21
Hungary	438.62	137.82	31.42
India	1342.44	391.07	29.13
Indonesia	475.67	127.56	26.82
Iran	178.68	25.50	14.27
Ireland	364.32	117.60	32.28
Israel	246.84	42	17.02
Italy	3746.92	1219.78	32.55
Japan	1316.45	180.63	13.72
Kazakhstan	72.65	22	30.28
Kenya	54.51	12.54	23.00
Lebanon	94.86	33.52	35.34
Luxembourg	341.11	94.14	27.60
Macao	52.89	16.90	31.95
North Macedonia	73.33	33.45	45.62
Malaysia	399.99	104.70	26.18
Mexico	475.96	93.71	19.69
Mongolia	52.08	20.10	38.59
Morocco	116.24	21.10	18.15
Netherlands	1307.58	294.27	22.51
New Zealand	297.36	70.12	23.58
Nigeria	426.07	77.88	18.28
Norway	508.86	100.89	19.83
Pakistan	575.28	129.59	22.53
Peru	279	52.59	18.85
Philippines	215.02	76.47	35.56
Poland	811.33	269.39	33.20
Portugal	766.73	282.35	36.83
Romania	1205.08	706.70	58.64
Russia	1645.21	741.50	45.07
Saudi Arabia	94.71	8.40	8.87
Singapore	220.61	50.25	22.78
Slovakia	159.66	53.80	33.70
Slovenia	54.77	14	25.56
South Africa	447.97	137.00	30.58
South Korea	446.92	102.04	22.83
Spain	2846.43	923.32	32.44
Sri Lanka	53.36	23.35	43.76
Sweden	772.33	193.38	25.04
Switzerland	1154.68	269.33	23.33
Taiwan	271.12	62.05	22.89
Thailand	172.04	67.45	39.21
Tunisia	273.22	91.20	33.38
Turkey	993.37	259.94	26.17
United Arab Emirates	119.08	23.04	19.35
United Kingdom	4159.58	1073.57	25.81
Ukraine	217.45	82.15	37.78
Uruguay	130.60	49.70	38.06
Viet Nam	252.01	69.25	27.48

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State	# authors	# female	share (%)
Alabama (United States)	104.43	24.81	23.76
Arkansas (United States)	54.38	10.16	18.68
Arizona (United States)	127.75	32.59	25.51
California (United States)	1265.28	262.74	20.77
Colorado (United States)	146.09	31.26	21.40
Connecticut (United States)	263.84	51.81	19.64
District of Columbia (United States)	2576.49	707.64	27.47
Delaware (United States)	51.52	18.02	34.98
Florida (United States)	259.50	56.29	21.69
Georgia (United States)	326.01	75.52	23.16
Iowa (United States)	88.43	24	27.14
Illinois (United States)	573.98	111.05	19.35
Indiana (United States)	296.09	65.89	22.25
Kansas (United States)	71.53	12.90	18.03
Kentucky (United States)	89.34	16.40	18.36
Louisiana (United States)	93.12	18.85	20.24
Massachusetts (United States)	1014.33	237.50	23.41
Maryland (United States)	242.84	51.75	21.31
Maine (United States)	56.85	14.76	25.96
Michigan (United States)	319.80	62.80	19.64
Minnesota (United States)	174.09	38.74	22.25
Missouri (United States)	260.15	68.27	26.24
North Carolina (United States)	359.24	66.14	18.41
Nebraska (United States)	60.90	13	21.35
New Hampshire (United States)	72.84	17.78	24.41
New Jersey (United States)	205.45	44.60	21.71
New York (United States)	1084.94	263.76	24.31
Ohio (United States)	320.40	83.62	26.10
Oklahoma (United States)	88.71	23.87	26.91
Oregon (United States)	72.13	23.43	32.48
Pennsylvania (United States)	578.27	136.54	23.61
Rhode Island (United States)	86.89	17.50	20.14
South Carolina (United States)	89.73	20.99	23.39
Tennessee (United States)	166.14	31.25	18.81
Texas (United States)	564.14	117.49	20.83
Utah (United States)	116.57	21.40	18.36
Virginia (United States)	382.01	85.72	22.44
Washington (United States)	107.59	30.22	28.09
Wisconsin (United States)	168.63	39.97	23.70

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field	# authors	# female	share (%)
ACC Accounting and Auditing	156.09	44.88	28.75
AFR Africa	285.38	67.69	23.72
AGE Economics of Ageing	332.67	107.49	32.31
AGR Agricultural Economics	1491.87	421.65	28.26
AIN Artificial Intelligence	55.50	11.97	21.57
ARA MENA - Middle East and North Africa	344.06	97.09	28.22
BAN Banking	836.52	195.66	23.39
BEC Business Economics	452.18	98.63	21.81
BIG Big Data	276.01	67.29	24.38
CBA Central Banking	1275.96	250.53	19.64
CBE Cognitive and Behavioural Economics	349.45	81.46	23.31
CDM Collective Decision-Making	318.77	66.42	20.84
CFN Corporate Finance	242.73	53.26	21.94
CIS Confederation of Independent States	443.49	172.72	38.95
CMP Computational Economics	366.05	79.25	21.65
CNA China	271.05	85.60	31.58
COM Industrial Competition	722.66	133.46	18.47
CSE Economics of Strategic Management	299.78	94.43	31.50
CTA Contract Theory and Applications	148.70	24.85	16.71
CUL Cultural Economics	78.88	29.64	37.58
CWA Central and Western Asia	240.90	57.45	23.85
DCM Discrete Choice Models	214.06	48.75	22.78
DEM Demographic Economics	187.68	82.83	44.14
DES Economic Design	165.50	31.63	19.11
DEV Development	716.60	216.59	30.23
DGE Dynamic General Equilibrium	1257.44	225.82	17.96
ECM Econometrics	827.97	120.35	14.54
EDU Education	474.39	149.33	31.48
EEC European Economics	758.83	198.54	26.16
EFF Efficiency and Productivity	496.48	120.95	24.36
ENE Energy Economics	1511.58	363.63	24.06
ENT Entrepreneurship	338.38	81.55	24.10
ENV Environmental Economics	2028.11	557.95	27.51
ETS Econometric Time Series	347.93	53.50	15.38
EUR Microeconomic European Issues	817.77	303.67	37.13
EVO Evolutionary Economics	146.78	25.41	17.31
EXP Experimental Economics	1322.29	377.34	28.54
FDG Financial Development and Growth	465.83	114.29	24.53
FLE Financial Literacy and Education	69.58	28.21	40.54
FMK Financial Markets	229.34	40.10	17.48
FOR Forecasting	243.46	51.35	21.09
GEN Gender	120.61	63.27	52.46
GEO Economic Geography	501.42	109.66	21.87
GER German Papers	190.31	47.96	25.20
GRO Economic Growth	201.20	41.25	20.50
GTH Game Theory	631.64	112.83	17.86
HAP Economics of Happiness	105.97	31.00	29.25
HEA Health Economics	930.21	322.25	34.64
HIS Business, Economic and Financial History	933.82	203.03	21.74
HME Heterodox Microeconomics	261.62	71.03	27.15
HPE History and Philosophy of Economics	258.73	36.19	13.99
HRM Human Capital and Human Resource Management	255.08	72.01	28.23
IAS Insurance Economics	226.83	57.64	25.41
ICT Information and Communication Technologies	134.93	34.31	25.43
IFN International Finance	251.19	52.83	21.03
IND Industrial Organization	203.06	37.29	18.36
INO Innovation	603.56	164.51	27.26
INT International Trade	1288.44	345.95	26.85
INV Investment	91.57	24.21	26.44
IPR Intellectual Property Rights	130.33	32.05	24.59
ISF Islamic Finance	188.08	56.82	30.21
IUE Informal and Underground Economics	142.24	41.16	28.94
KNM Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy	121.58	32.00	26.32
LAB Labour Economics	1235.69	397.17	32.14
LAM Central and South America	197.71	56.94	28.80
LAW Law and Economics	303.39	81.54	26.88
LMA Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages	609.20	188.18	30.89
LTV Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty	216.44	57.60	26.62
MAC Macroeconomics	3392.29	648.10	19.10
MFD Microfinance	103.73	30.51	29.42
MIC Microeconomics	642.95	87.96	13.68
MIG Economics of Human Migration	372.06	123.28	33.13
MKT Marketing	79.69	21.52	27.00
MON Monetary Economics	1614.77	328.91	20.37
MST Market Microstructure	92.11	18.35	19.92
NET Network Economics	193.48	41.06	21.22
NEU Neuroeconomics	75.47	31.51	41.75
OPM Open Economy Macroeconomics	391.66	87.54	22.35
ORE Operations Research	306.59	54.56	17.80
PAY Payment Systems and Financial Technology	394.15	102.71	26.06
PBE Public Economics	627.86	134.76	21.46
PKE Post Keynesian Economics	172.92	31.07	17.97
POL Positive Political Economics	433.11	100.56	23.22
PPM Project, Program and Portfolio Management	66.55	19.83	29.79
PUB Public Finance	259.78	53.79	20.71
REG Regulation	380.08	80.73	21.24
RES Resource Economics	59.40	13.37	22.51
RMG Risk Management	403.97	74.57	18.46
SBM Small Business Management	465.13	127.66	27.45
SEA South East Asia	654.79	165.84	25.33
SOC Social Norms and Social Capital	284.60	81.54	28.65
SOG Sociology of Economics	72.39	16.66	23.02
SPO Sports and Economics	88.05	6.56	7.45
TID Technology and Industrial Dynamics	359.98	90.71	25.20
TRA Transition Economics	681.95	239.14	35.07
TRE Transport Economics	201.69	52.77	26.17
TUR Tourism Economics	56.28	16.16	28.71
UPT Utility Models and Prospect Theory	339.73	65.21	19.19
URE Urban and Real Estate Economics	2030.79	553.93	27.28

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort	# authors	# female	share (%)
1970	51	0	0
1971	67	3	4.48
1972	61	1	1.64
1973	77	5	6.49
1974	77	1	1.30
1975	99	4	4.04
1976	97	8	8.25
1977	73	3	4.11
1978	96	10	10.42
1979	90	5	5.56
1980	100	7	7.00
1981	119	3	2.52
1982	114	9	7.89
1983	137	15	10.95
1984	121	13	10.74
1985	146	9	6.16
1986	168	20	11.90
1987	171	26	15.20
1988	187	31	16.58
1989	197	20	10.15
1990	213	24	11.27
1991	232	32	13.79
1992	243	41	16.87
1993	263	41	15.59
1994	250	42	16.80
1995	319	55	17.24
1996	344	66	19.19
1997	312	44	14.10
1998	367	80	21.80
1999	393	84	21.37
2000	489	98	20.04
2001	458	113	24.67
2002	499	115	23.05
2003	484	112	23.14
2004	470	99	21.06
2005	545	122	22.39
2006	537	132	24.58
2007	617	160	25.93
2008	650	164	25.23
2009	648	165	25.46
2010	613	167	27.24
2011	632	151	23.89
2012	614	134	21.82
2013	596	154	25.84
2014	547	129	23.58
2015	566	144	25.44
2016	498	118	23.69
2017	474	108	22.78
2018	469	126	26.87
2019	424	99	23.35
2020	384	98	25.52
2021	349	100	28.65
2022	316	70	22.15
2023	315	85	26.98
2024	218	48	22.02
2025	152	40	26.32

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile	All (%)	10Y (%)
1-1	5.96	10.02
2-2	9.75	12.87
3-3	8.67	15.03
4-4	10.70	16.66
5-5	13.54	19.23
6-10	15.47	19.86
11-15	19.20	21.32
16-20	20.59	23.30
21-25	23.38	26.09
26-30	25.14	25.54
31-40	26.13	27.67
41-50	28.37	28.66
51-100	31.38	29.27

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

• Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Valencia, Spain.
• Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
• Author registration, institution database, and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann.
• RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel.