These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19759 of 73707 economists are female, or a proportion of 27%.

Listings by

• Country
• US state
• Field
• Cohort
• Ranking

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country	# authors	# female	share(%)
Algeria	77.57	17	21.92
Argentina	429.77	107.75	25.07
Australia	1651.94	419.12	25.37
Austria	606.41	142.11	23.43
Azerbaijan	55.95	8	14.30
Bangladesh	215.38	27.15	12.61
Belgium	962.68	260.44	27.05
Bolivia	92.57	24.25	26.20
Brazil	1096.57	190.86	17.41
Bulgaria	264.50	136	51.42
Cameroun	75.65	15.68	20.73
Canada	1804.02	382.16	21.18
Chile	486.31	76.87	15.81
China	1704.51	467.67	27.44
Colombia	760.95	184.59	24.26
Croatia	170.72	90.42	52.96
Cyprus	52.28	10.50	20.08
Czech Republic	575.11	190.56	33.13
Denmark	474.08	115.50	24.36
Ecuador	143.48	38.05	26.52
Egypt	122.06	48.60	39.82
Estonia	56.69	18	31.75
Ethiopia	80.37	16.50	20.53
Finland	285.55	72.85	25.51
France	4024.96	1279.56	31.79
Germany	3680.18	937.13	25.46
Ghana	142.91	15.74	11.01
Greece	641.89	147.54	22.99
Hong Kong	170.70	29.90	17.52
Hungary	437.64	136.82	31.26
India	1340.74	392.07	29.24
Indonesia	474.67	126.56	26.66
Iran	177.18	24.50	13.83
Ireland	363.32	117.60	32.37
Israel	246.46	42	17.04
Italy	3739.81	1217.25	32.55
Japan	1314.78	180.96	13.76
Kazakhstan	71.65	21	29.31
Kenya	54.51	12.54	23.00
Lebanon	94.86	33.52	35.34
Luxembourg	340.80	94.25	27.66
Macao	52.89	16.90	31.95
North Macedonia	73.33	33.45	45.62
Malaysia	398.99	104.70	26.24
Mexico	473.58	93.71	19.79
Mongolia	52.08	20.10	38.59
Morocco	116.24	21.10	18.15
Netherlands	1306.07	294.76	22.57
New Zealand	296.36	70.12	23.66
Nigeria	425.47	77.88	18.30
Norway	508.66	101.64	19.98
Pakistan	574.28	129.59	22.57
Peru	277.80	52.39	18.86
Philippines	214.03	76.14	35.57
Poland	811.33	269.39	33.20
Portugal	763.33	280.95	36.81
Romania	1206.58	706.70	58.57
Russia	1658.76	747.50	45.06
Saudi Arabia	94.71	8.40	8.87
Singapore	220.37	50.25	22.80
Slovakia	159.66	53.80	33.70
Slovenia	53.76	13	24.18
South Africa	446.02	135.99	30.49
South Korea	447.42	101.54	22.69
Spain	2839.32	923.46	32.52
Sri Lanka	53.36	23.35	43.76
Sweden	771.33	193.38	25.07
Switzerland	1152.00	267.99	23.26
Taiwan	271.12	62.05	22.89
Thailand	172.54	67.95	39.38
Tunisia	273.22	91.20	33.38
Turkey	992.37	259.94	26.19
United Arab Emirates	119.08	23.04	19.35
United Kingdom	4158.48	1074.41	25.84
Ukraine	219.35	84.05	38.32
Uruguay	131.60	49.70	37.77
Viet Nam	252.01	68.25	27.08

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State	# authors	# female	share (%)
Alabama (United States)	103.43	24.81	23.99
Arkansas (United States)	54.38	10.16	18.68
Arizona (United States)	127.65	32.49	25.45
California (United States)	1261.78	261.74	20.74
Colorado (United States)	146.09	31.26	21.40
Connecticut (United States)	263.81	51.81	19.64
District of Columbia (United States)	2577.30	708.83	27.50
Delaware (United States)	50.52	18.02	35.67
Florida (United States)	259.40	56.29	21.70
Georgia (United States)	326.51	76.52	23.44
Iowa (United States)	86.93	24.50	28.18
Illinois (United States)	571.98	111.05	19.42
Indiana (United States)	295.12	64.92	22.00
Kansas (United States)	69.53	12.90	18.55
Kentucky (United States)	88.84	16.40	18.46
Louisiana (United States)	92.12	17.85	19.38
Massachusetts (United States)	1014.39	237.49	23.41
Maryland (United States)	242.74	51.75	21.32
Maine (United States)	56.85	14.76	25.96
Michigan (United States)	319.80	62.80	19.64
Minnesota (United States)	174.09	38.74	22.25
Missouri (United States)	260.72	68.27	26.19
North Carolina (United States)	357.24	66.14	18.51
Nebraska (United States)	59.90	13	21.70
New Hampshire (United States)	72.84	17.78	24.41
New Jersey (United States)	205.72	44.10	21.44
New York (United States)	1082.04	262.76	24.28
Ohio (United States)	319.30	84.52	26.47
Oklahoma (United States)	89.70	23.87	26.61
Oregon (United States)	72.13	23.43	32.48
Pennsylvania (United States)	578.37	136.14	23.54
Rhode Island (United States)	87.89	17.50	19.91
South Carolina (United States)	89.73	20.99	23.39
Tennessee (United States)	165.14	31.25	18.92
Texas (United States)	566.14	117.49	20.75
Utah (United States)	117.57	21.40	18.20
Virginia (United States)	383.93	84.73	22.07
Washington (United States)	106.59	30.22	28.35
Wisconsin (United States)	168.63	39.97	23.70

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field	# authors	# female	share (%)
ACC Accounting and Auditing	155.28	43.83	28.22
AFR Africa	283.89	67.81	23.89
AGE Economics of Ageing	327.90	106.09	32.35
AGR Agricultural Economics	1483.07	420.39	28.35
AIN Artificial Intelligence	55.10	11.96	21.71
ARA MENA - Middle East and North Africa	341.86	96.56	28.25
BAN Banking	837.29	196.21	23.43
BEC Business Economics	448.55	96.56	21.53
BIG Big Data	273.35	64.97	23.77
CBA Central Banking	1269.78	248.72	19.59
CBE Cognitive and Behavioural Economics	347.60	80.62	23.19
CDM Collective Decision-Making	316.23	65.79	20.81
CFN Corporate Finance	243.56	53.97	22.16
CIS Confederation of Independent States	441.97	170.68	38.62
CMP Computational Economics	362.99	77.44	21.34
CNA China	267.68	85.56	31.96
COM Industrial Competition	720.65	133.30	18.50
CSE Economics of Strategic Management	299.70	94.59	31.56
CTA Contract Theory and Applications	148.68	24.89	16.74
CUL Cultural Economics	79.37	30.15	37.99
CWA Central and Western Asia	242.49	58.26	24.03
DCM Discrete Choice Models	212.41	48.13	22.66
DEM Demographic Economics	187.18	82.19	43.91
DES Economic Design	164.53	31.63	19.22
DEV Development	715.84	217.28	30.35
DGE Dynamic General Equilibrium	1253.66	224.58	17.91
ECM Econometrics	821.36	120.10	14.62
EDU Education	471.25	147.38	31.27
EEC European Economics	755.71	197.68	26.16
EFF Efficiency and Productivity	493.65	119.57	24.22
ENE Energy Economics	1505.11	360.25	23.94
ENT Entrepreneurship	338.53	80.77	23.86
ENV Environmental Economics	2014.06	551.70	27.39
ETS Econometric Time Series	346.24	52.95	15.29
EUR Microeconomic European Issues	815.62	302.15	37.05
EVO Evolutionary Economics	146.39	25.41	17.36
EXP Experimental Economics	1312.30	373.09	28.43
FDG Financial Development and Growth	461.90	112.22	24.30
FLE Financial Literacy and Education	70.34	29.26	41.60
FMK Financial Markets	228.33	39.22	17.18
FOR Forecasting	240.20	49.41	20.57
GEN Gender	118.24	62.44	52.81
GEO Economic Geography	500.17	109.49	21.89
GER German Papers	190.75	47.94	25.13
GRO Economic Growth	202.10	41.28	20.43
GTH Game Theory	630.72	112.44	17.83
HAP Economics of Happiness	106.28	31.05	29.22
HEA Health Economics	926.68	321.30	34.67
HIS Business, Economic and Financial History	924.84	201.18	21.75
HME Heterodox Microeconomics	254.98	68.78	26.97
HPE History and Philosophy of Economics	256.68	35.90	13.99
HRM Human Capital and Human Resource Management	254.42	71.45	28.08
IAS Insurance Economics	227.29	57.65	25.37
ICT Information and Communication Technologies	134.95	34.31	25.42
IFN International Finance	247.31	52.73	21.32
IND Industrial Organization	202.84	37.21	18.34
INO Innovation	600.22	164.18	27.35
INT International Trade	1282.13	344.23	26.85
INV Investment	87.41	23.04	26.36
IPR Intellectual Property Rights	130.60	32.04	24.54
ISF Islamic Finance	187.51	56.07	29.90
IUE Informal and Underground Economics	139.96	41.51	29.65
KNM Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy	121.58	32.18	26.46
LAB Labour Economics	1230.28	395.21	32.12
LAM Central and South America	196.45	56.92	28.98
LAW Law and Economics	300.03	80.78	26.92
LMA Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages	608.52	188.25	30.94
LTV Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty	216.36	57.66	26.65
MAC Macroeconomics	3393.15	647.23	19.07
MFD Microfinance	103.78	30.52	29.41
MIC Microeconomics	639.63	88.00	13.76
MIG Economics of Human Migration	372.07	123.06	33.07
MKT Marketing	79.30	21.52	27.14
MON Monetary Economics	1605.95	324.63	20.21
MST Market Microstructure	91.73	18.44	20.11
NET Network Economics	190.76	40.10	21.02
NEU Neuroeconomics	74.61	31.62	42.37
OPM Open Economy Macroeconomics	388.59	85.62	22.03
ORE Operations Research	307.71	54.57	17.74
PAY Payment Systems and Financial Technology	388.74	101.98	26.23
PBE Public Economics	623.25	135.23	21.70
PKE Post Keynesian Economics	171.82	30.90	17.98
POL Positive Political Economics	430.28	99.00	23.01
PPM Project, Program and Portfolio Management	64.51	19.51	30.25
PUB Public Finance	256.21	53.81	21.00
REG Regulation	378.26	80.69	21.33
RES Resource Economics	58.15	12.90	22.19
RMG Risk Management	398.21	72.41	18.18
SBM Small Business Management	463.40	125.92	27.17
SEA South East Asia	652.72	163.54	25.06
SOC Social Norms and Social Capital	283.37	81.33	28.70
SOG Sociology of Economics	72.50	16.67	22.99
SPO Sports and Economics	87.78	6.56	7.47
TID Technology and Industrial Dynamics	359.59	90.43	25.15
TRA Transition Economics	677.50	238.12	35.15
TRE Transport Economics	197.19	50.53	25.63
TUR Tourism Economics	56.29	16.16	28.71
UPT Utility Models and Prospect Theory	340.59	65.37	19.19
URE Urban and Real Estate Economics	2029.68	553.23	27.26

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort	# authors	# female	share (%)
1970	50	0	0
1971	66	3	4.55
1972	61	1	1.64
1973	77	5	6.49
1974	77	1	1.30
1975	99	4	4.04
1976	95	8	8.42
1977	72	3	4.17
1978	97	10	10.31
1979	89	5	5.62
1980	100	7	7.00
1981	119	3	2.52
1982	113	9	7.96
1983	137	15	10.95
1984	120	13	10.83
1985	146	9	6.16
1986	168	20	11.90
1987	169	25	14.79
1988	186	31	16.67
1989	197	20	10.15
1990	213	24	11.27
1991	230	32	13.91
1992	243	41	16.87
1993	262	40	15.27
1994	249	42	16.87
1995	318	55	17.30
1996	342	66	19.30
1997	311	44	14.15
1998	365	79	21.64
1999	393	84	21.37
2000	489	98	20.04
2001	456	113	24.78
2002	497	115	23.14
2003	484	112	23.14
2004	469	98	20.90
2005	543	122	22.47
2006	535	131	24.49
2007	616	159	25.81
2008	648	162	25
2009	646	164	25.39
2010	612	166	27.12
2011	631	151	23.93
2012	611	133	21.77
2013	593	153	25.80
2014	544	129	23.71
2015	566	144	25.44
2016	494	116	23.48
2017	472	107	22.67
2018	468	126	26.92
2019	419	97	23.15
2020	381	97	25.46
2021	347	97	27.95
2022	311	68	21.86
2023	310	84	27.10
2024	212	46	21.70
2025	147	38	25.85

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile	All (%)	10Y (%)
1-1	6.11	10.45
2-2	10.31	13.02
3-3	7.87	15.47
4-4	11.53	13.30
5-5	10.85	18.59
6-10	14.92	19.67
11-15	19.10	20.49
16-20	20.57	23.04
21-25	23.72	25.75
26-30	25.02	25.13
31-40	25.93	27.28
41-50	28.55	28.61
51-100	31.45	29.61

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

• Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Valencia, Spain.
• Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
• Author registration, institution database, and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann.
• RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel.