These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19700 of 73501 economists are female, or a proportion of 27%.

Listings by

• Country
• US state
• Field
• Cohort
• Ranking

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country	# authors	# female	share(%)
Algeria	77.57	17	21.92
Argentina	428.77	107.75	25.13
Australia	1651.68	420.12	25.44
Austria	605.42	142.11	23.47
Azerbaijan	55.86	8	14.32
Bangladesh	212.14	26.15	12.33
Belgium	963.42	260.44	27.03
Bolivia	92.57	24.25	26.20
Brazil	1092.42	190.86	17.47
Bulgaria	264.50	136	51.42
Cameroun	76.65	15.68	20.46
Canada	1808.95	382.65	21.15
Chile	483.73	75.87	15.68
China	1684.24	457.67	27.17
Colombia	759.15	185.59	24.45
Croatia	170.72	90.42	52.96
Cyprus	51.28	10.50	20.48
Czech Republic	575.16	189.56	32.96
Denmark	471.58	116.50	24.70
Ecuador	142.48	38.05	26.71
Egypt	122.06	48.60	39.82
Estonia	56.69	18	31.75
Ethiopia	81.37	17.50	21.51
Finland	283.54	72.85	25.69
France	4018.76	1277.56	31.79
Germany	3675.91	935.53	25.45
Ghana	142.24	15.74	11.07
Greece	639.89	147.54	23.06
Hong Kong	170.70	29.90	17.52
Hungary	442.64	137.82	31.14
India	1335.56	390.57	29.24
Indonesia	473.67	126.56	26.72
Iran	176.18	24.50	13.91
Ireland	362.72	116.60	32.15
Israel	246.46	42	17.04
Italy	3752.03	1220.74	32.54
Japan	1307.63	178.96	13.69
Kazakhstan	70.90	21	29.62
Kenya	53.51	12.54	23.43
Lebanon	94.86	33.52	35.34
Luxembourg	340.08	93.28	27.43
Macao	52.89	16.90	31.95
North Macedonia	73.33	33.45	45.62
Malaysia	396.50	103.70	26.15
Mexico	472.88	93.71	19.82
Mongolia	52.08	20.10	38.59
Morocco	116.24	21.10	18.15
Netherlands	1305.88	295.76	22.65
New Zealand	296.07	70.12	23.68
Nigeria	419.97	76.88	18.31
Norway	509.62	101.64	19.94
Pakistan	571.80	129.59	22.66
Peru	275.80	52.39	19.00
Philippines	214.53	76.64	35.72
Poland	803.06	266.36	33.17
Portugal	760.83	279.95	36.80
Romania	1205.58	705.70	58.54
Russia	1651.46	747.50	45.26
Saudi Arabia	94.71	8.40	8.87
Singapore	220.27	50.25	22.81
Slovakia	159.36	53.80	33.76
Slovenia	53.76	13	24.18
South Africa	437.71	132.99	30.38
South Korea	442.42	100.54	22.73
Spain	2834.56	921.51	32.51
Sri Lanka	53.36	23.35	43.76
Sweden	770.68	193.88	25.16
Switzerland	1148.10	267.09	23.26
Taiwan	271.13	62.05	22.89
Thailand	170.54	67.95	39.84
Tunisia	273.22	91.20	33.38
Turkey	991.78	259.94	26.21
United Arab Emirates	118.48	23.04	19.45
United Kingdom	4147.90	1069.41	25.78
Ukraine	219.35	84.05	38.32
Uruguay	131.60	49.70	37.77
Viet Nam	252.01	68.25	27.08

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State	# authors	# female	share (%)
Alabama (United States)	103.43	24.81	23.99
Arkansas (United States)	53.38	10.16	19.03
Arizona (United States)	127.65	32.49	25.45
California (United States)	1259.78	262.74	20.86
Colorado (United States)	147.09	31.26	21.25
Connecticut (United States)	264.31	51.81	19.60
District of Columbia (United States)	2575.30	706.83	27.45
Delaware (United States)	50.52	18.02	35.67
Florida (United States)	257.40	56.29	21.87
Georgia (United States)	325.51	76.52	23.51
Iowa (United States)	85.93	23.50	27.35
Illinois (United States)	570.48	111.05	19.47
Indiana (United States)	293.16	63.92	21.80
Kansas (United States)	69.53	12.90	18.55
Kentucky (United States)	89.84	16.40	18.25
Louisiana (United States)	91.12	17.85	19.59
Massachusetts (United States)	1009.98	234.99	23.27
Maryland (United States)	242.01	51.25	21.18
Maine (United States)	55.85	13.76	24.64
Michigan (United States)	317.52	62.80	19.78
Minnesota (United States)	174.09	38.74	22.25
Missouri (United States)	260.22	67.77	26.04
North Carolina (United States)	355.24	65.14	18.34
Nebraska (United States)	59.90	13	21.70
New Hampshire (United States)	72.84	17.78	24.41
New Jersey (United States)	204.72	43.10	21.05
New York (United States)	1084.04	262.76	24.24
Ohio (United States)	320.30	85.52	26.70
Oklahoma (United States)	88.70	23.87	26.91
Oregon (United States)	72.13	23.43	32.48
Pennsylvania (United States)	572.27	135.14	23.61
Rhode Island (United States)	86.89	17.50	20.14
South Carolina (United States)	90.73	20.99	23.13
Tennessee (United States)	162.59	30.25	18.61
Texas (United States)	565.10	115.49	20.44
Utah (United States)	117.57	21.40	18.20
Virginia (United States)	383.93	85.73	22.33
Washington (United States)	106.23	30.22	28.45
Wisconsin (United States)	167.63	38.97	23.25

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field	# authors	# female	share (%)
ACC Accounting and Auditing	152.96	42.92	28.06
AFR Africa	284.04	68.21	24.01
AGE Economics of Ageing	326.25	104.44	32.01
AGR Agricultural Economics	1478.10	418.28	28.30
AIN Artificial Intelligence	50.92	11.54	22.66
ARA MENA - Middle East and North Africa	342.75	96.30	28.10
BAN Banking	837.24	196.51	23.47
BEC Business Economics	445.63	96.76	21.71
BIG Big Data	272.03	64.34	23.65
CBA Central Banking	1262.02	244.92	19.41
CBE Cognitive and Behavioural Economics	346.66	79.91	23.05
CDM Collective Decision-Making	315.85	65.80	20.83
CFN Corporate Finance	240.67	53.60	22.27
CIS Confederation of Independent States	438.45	169.73	38.71
CMP Computational Economics	361.61	76.56	21.17
CNA China	267.27	85.56	32.01
COM Industrial Competition	715.64	133.88	18.71
CSE Economics of Strategic Management	298.72	94.45	31.62
CTA Contract Theory and Applications	148.82	24.95	16.77
CUL Cultural Economics	77.66	29.32	37.76
CWA Central and Western Asia	242.90	58.39	24.04
DCM Discrete Choice Models	211.99	48.85	23.04
DEM Demographic Economics	185.61	81.91	44.13
DES Economic Design	162.65	30.84	18.96
DEV Development	710.82	215.61	30.33
DGE Dynamic General Equilibrium	1251.04	223.59	17.87
ECM Econometrics	820.09	119.63	14.59
EDU Education	463.10	146.17	31.56
EEC European Economics	750.30	196.32	26.17
EFF Efficiency and Productivity	493.30	119.50	24.22
ENE Energy Economics	1496.78	358.74	23.97
ENT Entrepreneurship	339.50	81.25	23.93
ENV Environmental Economics	2003.71	547.56	27.33
ETS Econometric Time Series	346.21	52.89	15.28
EUR Microeconomic European Issues	810.88	301.19	37.14
EVO Evolutionary Economics	146.10	25.37	17.37
EXP Experimental Economics	1308.07	372.05	28.44
FDG Financial Development and Growth	457.16	110.78	24.23
FLE Financial Literacy and Education	65.73	27.52	41.87
FMK Financial Markets	226.59	39.53	17.45
FOR Forecasting	238.80	48.91	20.48
GEN Gender	115.48	62.03	53.72
GEO Economic Geography	499.55	108.89	21.80
GER German Papers	189.24	46.84	24.75
GRO Economic Growth	198.94	41.29	20.75
GTH Game Theory	625.63	112.35	17.96
HAP Economics of Happiness	106.04	31.08	29.31
HEA Health Economics	919.59	318.16	34.60
HIS Business, Economic and Financial History	918.08	200.08	21.79
HME Heterodox Microeconomics	251.18	67.76	26.98
HPE History and Philosophy of Economics	256.40	35.94	14.02
HRM Human Capital and Human Resource Management	253.59	70.48	27.79
IAS Insurance Economics	227.38	57.74	25.39
ICT Information and Communication Technologies	134.15	34.57	25.77
IFN International Finance	243.39	51.44	21.13
IND Industrial Organization	198.20	37.64	18.99
INO Innovation	599.02	164.21	27.41
INT International Trade	1278.40	344.64	26.96
INV Investment	85.50	22.54	26.37
IPR Intellectual Property Rights	130.71	32.06	24.52
ISF Islamic Finance	186.62	56.16	30.09
IUE Informal and Underground Economics	137.33	41.75	30.40
KNM Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy	121.45	32.28	26.58
LAB Labour Economics	1225.44	392.67	32.04
LAM Central and South America	194.35	55.27	28.44
LAW Law and Economics	298.53	80.96	27.12
LMA Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages	593.19	181.69	30.63
LTV Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty	215.56	57.38	26.62
MAC Macroeconomics	3398.69	649.30	19.10
MFD Microfinance	102.43	30.70	29.98
MIC Microeconomics	634.12	88.03	13.88
MIG Economics of Human Migration	368.41	122.76	33.32
MKT Marketing	79.54	21.69	27.28
MON Monetary Economics	1595.47	320.88	20.11
MST Market Microstructure	91.30	18.30	20.04
NET Network Economics	187.37	36.93	19.71
NEU Neuroeconomics	73.45	31.79	43.28
OPM Open Economy Macroeconomics	384.35	84.82	22.07
ORE Operations Research	307.42	54.84	17.84
PAY Payment Systems and Financial Technology	383.27	101.84	26.57
PBE Public Economics	618.22	134.40	21.74
PKE Post Keynesian Economics	168.74	29.92	17.73
POL Positive Political Economics	429.31	98.53	22.95
PPM Project, Program and Portfolio Management	64.08	19.60	30.58
PUB Public Finance	256.27	54.17	21.14
REG Regulation	376.50	81.24	21.58
RES Resource Economics	58.17	13.15	22.61
RMG Risk Management	395.30	73.14	18.50
SBM Small Business Management	460.77	126.19	27.39
SEA South East Asia	652.09	163.13	25.02
SOC Social Norms and Social Capital	283.11	80.82	28.55
SOG Sociology of Economics	72.63	16.67	22.95
SPO Sports and Economics	86.71	6.56	7.56
TID Technology and Industrial Dynamics	355.16	90.66	25.53
TRA Transition Economics	675.57	236.97	35.08
TRE Transport Economics	194.37	49.41	25.42
TUR Tourism Economics	56.47	16.16	28.61
UPT Utility Models and Prospect Theory	337.83	65.46	19.38
URE Urban and Real Estate Economics	2029.49	553.66	27.28

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort	# authors	# female	share (%)
1970	50	0	0
1971	65	3	4.62
1972	59	1	1.69
1973	77	5	6.49
1974	77	1	1.30
1975	99	4	4.04
1976	95	8	8.42
1977	71	3	4.23
1978	97	10	10.31
1979	89	5	5.62
1980	99	6	6.06
1981	119	3	2.52
1982	112	9	8.04
1983	136	15	11.03
1984	120	13	10.83
1985	144	9	6.25
1986	167	20	11.98
1987	168	24	14.29
1988	184	31	16.85
1989	197	20	10.15
1990	212	24	11.32
1991	227	31	13.66
1992	242	40	16.53
1993	261	40	15.33
1994	248	42	16.94
1995	317	54	17.03
1996	341	66	19.35
1997	311	44	14.15
1998	365	79	21.64
1999	392	83	21.17
2000	487	97	19.92
2001	455	113	24.84
2002	494	113	22.87
2003	483	112	23.19
2004	469	98	20.90
2005	540	120	22.22
2006	536	131	24.44
2007	614	157	25.57
2008	648	162	25
2009	644	164	25.47
2010	610	166	27.21
2011	627	151	24.08
2012	609	132	21.67
2013	587	152	25.89
2014	543	129	23.76
2015	563	144	25.58
2016	491	115	23.42
2017	470	105	22.34
2018	466	125	26.82
2019	413	95	23.00
2020	379	97	25.59
2021	339	94	27.73
2022	305	67	21.97
2023	305	84	27.54
2024	204	45	22.06
2025	139	36	25.90

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile	All (%)	10Y (%)
1-1	5.99	10.20
2-2	10.48	13.20
3-3	8.03	15.10
4-4	11.02	13.74
5-5	10.88	17.41
6-10	14.91	19.81
11-15	18.83	20.22
16-20	20.63	23.32
21-25	23.65	25.25
26-30	25.14	25.47
31-40	25.77	27.41
41-50	28.56	28.52
51-100	31.50	29.62

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

• Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Valencia, Spain.
• Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
• Author registration, institution database, and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann.
• RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel.