These statistics draw on the published economists registered with the RePEc Author Service. Gender attribution is performed through pattern matching with NamSor. A category is listed if it has at least 50 members.

Overall, 19655 of 73371 economists are female, or a proportion of 27%.

Listings by

• Country
• US state
• Field
• Cohort
• Ranking

Each table can be sorted by clicking on table headers.

Female representation in Economics by country

Attribution to country is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

Country	# authors	# female	share(%)
Algeria	78.07	17	21.78
Argentina	428.77	107.75	25.13
Australia	1644.68	419.12	25.48
Austria	605.03	141.71	23.42
Azerbaijan	55.85	8	14.32
Bangladesh	210.15	26.15	12.44
Belgium	961.06	260.43	27.10
Bolivia	93.07	24.25	26.06
Brazil	1086.68	188.86	17.38
Bulgaria	265.50	135	50.85
Cameroun	76.65	15.68	20.46
Canada	1808.26	383.65	21.22
Chile	484.23	75.87	15.67
China	1683.33	456.67	27.13
Colombia	758.15	186.59	24.61
Croatia	170.72	90.42	52.96
Cyprus	52.28	10.50	20.08
Czech Republic	573.16	188.56	32.90
Denmark	475.73	116.49	24.49
Ecuador	140.98	39.05	27.70
Egypt	122.01	48.60	39.83
Estonia	56.69	18	31.75
Ethiopia	81.37	17.50	21.51
Finland	283.88	72.85	25.66
France	4016.83	1277.37	31.80
Germany	3669.14	935.61	25.50
Ghana	143.24	15.74	10.99
Greece	639.89	147.54	23.06
Hong Kong	170.70	29.90	17.52
Hungary	442.14	136.82	30.94
India	1334.56	390.57	29.27
Indonesia	470.67	124.56	26.46
Iran	176.18	24.50	13.91
Ireland	363.72	117.60	32.33
Israel	246.46	42	17.04
Italy	3750.07	1219.63	32.52
Japan	1305.40	177.96	13.63
Kazakhstan	71.90	21	29.21
Kenya	53.51	12.54	23.43
Lebanon	94.81	33.52	35.35
Luxembourg	340.51	93.72	27.52
Macao	52.89	16.90	31.95
North Macedonia	73.33	33.45	45.62
Malaysia	398.50	103.70	26.02
Mexico	470.72	92.30	19.61
Mongolia	52.08	20.10	38.59
Morocco	115.24	21.10	18.31
Netherlands	1305.47	296.26	22.69
New Zealand	295.07	70.12	23.76
Nigeria	418.32	76.88	18.38
Norway	509.62	101.64	19.94
Pakistan	571.00	129.09	22.61
Peru	274.90	51.39	18.69
Philippines	211.49	74.64	35.29
Poland	796.31	265.36	33.32
Portugal	759.83	278.95	36.71
Romania	1203.58	703.70	58.47
Russia	1667.84	755.40	45.29
Saudi Arabia	95.71	9.40	9.82
Singapore	220.27	50.25	22.81
Slovakia	159.36	53.80	33.76
Slovenia	53.76	13	24.18
South Africa	434.35	130.99	30.16
South Korea	441.42	100.54	22.78
Spain	2821.66	913.62	32.38
Sri Lanka	52.36	23.35	44.59
Sweden	771.17	193.88	25.14
Switzerland	1149.74	268.23	23.33
Taiwan	270.13	61.05	22.60
Thailand	169.30	67.95	40.14
Tunisia	274.22	92.20	33.62
Turkey	991.97	260.13	26.22
United Arab Emirates	117.48	23.04	19.61
United Kingdom	4139.39	1066.07	25.75
Ukraine	219.35	84.05	38.32
Uruguay	131.60	49.70	37.77
Viet Nam	252.24	68.25	27.06

Female representation in Economics by US state

Attribution to state is based on affiliations. For economists with multiple affiliations, affiliation shares set by the economist are considered.

State	# authors	# female	share (%)
Alabama (United States)	103.43	24.81	23.99
Arkansas (United States)	52.38	10.16	19.40
Arizona (United States)	128.65	32.49	25.25
California (United States)	1259.18	262.74	20.87
Colorado (United States)	147.09	31.26	21.25
Connecticut (United States)	262.31	51.81	19.75
District of Columbia (United States)	2571.62	705.40	27.43
Delaware (United States)	50.52	18.02	35.67
Florida (United States)	255.41	56.29	22.04
Georgia (United States)	325.51	76.52	23.51
Iowa (United States)	85.93	23.50	27.35
Illinois (United States)	571.15	111.55	19.53
Indiana (United States)	293.16	62.92	21.46
Kansas (United States)	69.53	12.90	18.55
Kentucky (United States)	89.84	15.40	17.14
Louisiana (United States)	91.62	18.35	20.03
Massachusetts (United States)	1008.44	235.49	23.35
Maryland (United States)	242.77	51.25	21.11
Maine (United States)	55.85	13.76	24.64
Michigan (United States)	318.26	62.80	19.73
Minnesota (United States)	174.09	38.74	22.25
Missouri (United States)	260.72	68.27	26.19
North Carolina (United States)	354.70	65.14	18.36
Nebraska (United States)	59.90	13	21.70
New Hampshire (United States)	73.84	17.78	24.08
New Jersey (United States)	204.72	43.10	21.05
New York (United States)	1081.79	260.76	24.10
Ohio (United States)	314.63	79.52	25.27
Oklahoma (United States)	88.70	23.87	26.91
Oregon (United States)	72.13	23.43	32.48
Pennsylvania (United States)	571.27	135.14	23.66
Rhode Island (United States)	86.89	17.50	20.14
South Carolina (United States)	89.73	19.99	22.28
Tennessee (United States)	162.14	30.25	18.66
Texas (United States)	563.60	115.49	20.49
Utah (United States)	117.57	21.40	18.20
Virginia (United States)	383.92	85.73	22.33
Washington (United States)	106.23	30.22	28.45
Wisconsin (United States)	167.62	38.97	23.25

Female representation in Economics by field

Field is determined by the proportion of papers announced through NEP that are in a particular field. Note that a paper may be is several fields.

Field	# authors	# female	share (%)
ACC Accounting and Auditing	153.56	42.94	27.97
AFR Africa	282.14	66.30	23.50
AGE Economics of Ageing	324.92	104.73	32.23
AGR Agricultural Economics	1475.65	418.23	28.34
ARA MENA - Middle East and North Africa	339.70	94.32	27.77
BAN Banking	840.08	196.58	23.40
BEC Business Economics	444.50	95.37	21.45
BIG Big Data	271.53	64.94	23.92
CBA Central Banking	1258.84	244.64	19.43
CBE Cognitive and Behavioural Economics	347.44	79.96	23.01
CDM Collective Decision-Making	316.43	65.39	20.66
CFN Corporate Finance	240.16	53.41	22.24
CIS Confederation of Independent States	435.05	168.76	38.79
CMP Computational Economics	362.03	76.50	21.13
CNA China	265.23	85.49	32.23
COM Industrial Competition	709.68	133.25	18.78
CSE Economics of Strategic Management	299.63	94.15	31.42
CTA Contract Theory and Applications	149.47	24.98	16.71
CUL Cultural Economics	76.81	29.06	37.83
CWA Central and Western Asia	243.78	58.41	23.96
DCM Discrete Choice Models	209.35	47.17	22.53
DEM Demographic Economics	187.08	82.65	44.18
DES Economic Design	158.67	29.04	18.30
DEV Development	710.67	215.99	30.39
DGE Dynamic General Equilibrium	1246.97	223.02	17.89
ECM Econometrics	814.38	118.86	14.59
EDU Education	462.71	145.07	31.35
EEC European Economics	747.76	195.58	26.15
EFF Efficiency and Productivity	491.59	118.48	24.10
ENE Energy Economics	1486.32	357.61	24.06
ENT Entrepreneurship	340.44	81.36	23.90
ENV Environmental Economics	1992.37	547.78	27.49
ETS Econometric Time Series	345.51	52.82	15.29
EUR Microeconomic European Issues	809.20	299.49	37.01
EVO Evolutionary Economics	146.10	25.15	17.22
EXP Experimental Economics	1304.72	369.36	28.31
FDG Financial Development and Growth	450.15	108.83	24.18
FLE Financial Literacy and Education	64.10	27.12	42.31
FMK Financial Markets	226.56	39.00	17.21
FOR Forecasting	236.14	48.39	20.49
GEN Gender	114.36	60.42	52.83
GEO Economic Geography	499.55	108.91	21.80
GER German Papers	189.21	46.85	24.76
GRO Economic Growth	199.85	41.04	20.53
GTH Game Theory	619.69	111.14	17.94
HAP Economics of Happiness	106.57	31.11	29.20
HEA Health Economics	915.63	315.36	34.44
HIS Business, Economic and Financial History	912.49	196.73	21.56
HME Heterodox Microeconomics	249.82	68.30	27.34
HPE History and Philosophy of Economics	255.99	35.94	14.04
HRM Human Capital and Human Resource Management	253.16	70.35	27.79
IAS Insurance Economics	227.37	57.86	25.45
ICT Information and Communication Technologies	133.83	34.95	26.12
IFN International Finance	241.41	50.97	21.11
IND Industrial Organization	195.82	37.38	19.09
INO Innovation	596.81	162.32	27.20
INT International Trade	1277.24	343.49	26.89
INV Investment	81.75	21.88	26.76
IPR Intellectual Property Rights	130.43	31.58	24.21
ISF Islamic Finance	186.25	55.91	30.02
IUE Informal and Underground Economics	136.69	41.23	30.16
KNM Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy	121.39	32.30	26.61
LAB Labour Economics	1220.33	392.08	32.13
LAM Central and South America	193.71	55.56	28.68
LAW Law and Economics	295.52	80.42	27.21
LMA Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, and Wages	588.93	180.15	30.59
LTV Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty	216.34	57.71	26.68
MAC Macroeconomics	3401.61	647.86	19.05
MFD Microfinance	100.22	29.24	29.18
MIC Microeconomics	627.56	86.81	13.83
MIG Economics of Human Migration	365.96	122.90	33.58
MKT Marketing	79.55	21.69	27.27
MON Monetary Economics	1585.12	319.79	20.17
MST Market Microstructure	89.11	17.81	19.99
NET Network Economics	186.17	36.95	19.84
NEU Neuroeconomics	73.74	32.28	43.78
OPM Open Economy Macroeconomics	382.96	84.90	22.17
ORE Operations Research	308.77	55.02	17.82
PAY Payment Systems and Financial Technology	380.37	101.85	26.78
PBE Public Economics	613.61	134.03	21.84
PKE Post Keynesian Economics	167.10	29.94	17.92
POL Positive Political Economics	429.68	98.44	22.91
PPM Project, Program and Portfolio Management	65.12	19.85	30.48
PUB Public Finance	253.56	54.19	21.37
REG Regulation	373.37	80.81	21.64
RES Resource Economics	57.58	13.17	22.88
RMG Risk Management	393.44	72.28	18.37
SBM Small Business Management	459.14	125.24	27.28
SEA South East Asia	647.70	161.32	24.91
SOC Social Norms and Social Capital	282.76	80.37	28.42
SOG Sociology of Economics	72.86	16.94	23.26
SPO Sports and Economics	85.59	6.53	7.63
TID Technology and Industrial Dynamics	354.04	89.00	25.14
TRA Transition Economics	676.14	236.54	34.98
TRE Transport Economics	192.93	49.66	25.74
TUR Tourism Economics	56.48	16.16	28.61
UPT Utility Models and Prospect Theory	338.33	65.54	19.37
URE Urban and Real Estate Economics	2033.04	554.73	27.29

Female representation in Economics by cohort

Cohort is based on information listed in the RePEc Genealogy.

Cohort	# authors	# female	share (%)
1970	50	0	0
1971	64	3	4.69
1972	59	1	1.69
1973	77	5	6.49
1974	77	1	1.30
1975	99	4	4.04
1976	94	8	8.51
1977	71	3	4.23
1978	97	10	10.31
1979	89	5	5.62
1980	99	6	6.06
1981	118	3	2.54
1982	112	9	8.04
1983	136	15	11.03
1984	120	13	10.83
1985	143	9	6.29
1986	167	20	11.98
1987	167	24	14.37
1988	183	31	16.94
1989	197	20	10.15
1990	211	24	11.37
1991	227	31	13.66
1992	241	39	16.18
1993	261	40	15.33
1994	248	42	16.94
1995	317	54	17.03
1996	341	66	19.35
1997	308	44	14.29
1998	365	79	21.64
1999	391	82	20.97
2000	487	96	19.71
2001	453	112	24.72
2002	494	113	22.87
2003	481	111	23.08
2004	467	97	20.77
2005	540	120	22.22
2006	534	130	24.34
2007	612	157	25.65
2008	646	161	24.92
2009	643	164	25.51
2010	609	165	27.09
2011	626	151	24.12
2012	609	133	21.84
2013	585	152	25.98
2014	542	129	23.80
2015	556	141	25.36
2016	489	114	23.31
2017	469	105	22.39
2018	461	123	26.68
2019	411	95	23.11
2020	376	96	25.53
2021	329	92	27.96
2022	304	66	21.71
2023	301	82	27.24
2024	200	45	22.50
2025	133	34	25.56

Female representation in Economics by ranking

Proportion of females in percentile groups taken from the rankings of economists, all-time publications and last 10 years of publications.

%ile	All (%)	10Y (%)
1-1	6.00	9.95
2-2	9.54	13.63
3-3	9.13	14.17
4-4	9.95	16.49
5-5	13.36	20.17
6-10	15.46	19.63
11-15	19.24	21.04
16-20	20.55	23.61
21-25	23.09	25.46
26-30	25.30	25.81
31-40	26.05	27.94
41-50	28.39	28.40
51-100	31.37	29.26

The data presented here are experimental. They are based on a sample of the research output in Economics and Finance. Only material catalogued in RePEc is considered. For any citation based criterion, only works that could be parsed by the CitEc project are considered. For any ranking of people, only those registered with the RePEc Author Service can be taken into account. And for rankings of institutions, only those listed in EDIRC and claimed as affiliation by the respective, registered authors can be measured. Thus, this list is by no means based on a complete sample. You can help making this more comprehensive by encouraging more publications to be listed (instructions) and more authors to register (form). For more details on the various rankings that are available as well for documentation, follow this link.

Credits:

• Citations from CitEc project by José Manuel Barrueco Cruz, University of Valencia, Spain. Hardware provided by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (IVIE), Valencia, Spain.
• Abstract views and downloads statistics from LogEc project by Sune Karlsson, Örebro University, Sweden.
• Author registration, institution database, and ranking computations by Christian Zimmermann.
• RePEc has been initiated by Thomas Krichel.