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Toni Ahnert

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Working papers

  1. Toni Ahnert & Sebastian Doerr & Nicola Pierri & Yannick Timmer, 2024. "Information Technology in Banking and Entrepreneurship," CESifo Working Paper Series 11284, CESifo.

    Cited by:

    1. Julian Caballero & Sebastian Doerr & Aaron Mehrotra & Fabrizio Zampolli, 2025. "How far can digital innovation improve credit to small firms in emerging market economies?," BIS Bulletins 99, Bank for International Settlements.

  2. Ahnert, Toni & Assenmacher, Katrin & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Monnet, Cyril & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2022. "The economics of central bank digital currency," CEPR Discussion Papers 17617, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    Cited by:

    1. Maria-Emilia DINCULEANÄ‚, 2024. "Central Banking in the Digital Age: Exploring Public Perception and Regulatory Strategies for the Digital Euro," Finante - provocarile viitorului (Finance - Challenges of the Future), University of Craiova, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 1(26), pages 119-137, November.
    2. Grodecka-Messi, Anna & Zhang, Xin, 2023. "Private Bank Money vs Central Bank Money: A Historical Lesson for CBDC Introduction," Working Paper Series 424, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden), revised 01 Jul 2023.
    3. Xiang, Lijin & Feng, Chao & Xiao, Zumian & Liu, Jianjian, 2024. "The impact of central bank digital currency on macroeconomic dynamics: A DSGE analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    4. Ali, Hassnian & Aysan, Ahmet Faruk & Yousef, Tariq M, 2023. "From Tech Hub to Banking Failure: Exploring the Implications of CBDCs on the Destiny of Silicon Valley Bank," MPRA Paper 116937, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Philippe Bacchetta & Elena Perazzi, 2021. "CBDC as Imperfect Substitute for Bank Deposits: A Macroeconomic Perspective," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 21-81, Swiss Finance Institute.
    6. Vollmar, Steffen & Wening, Fabian, 2024. "The impact of CBDC on a deposit-dependent banking system," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    7. Bindseil, Ulrich & Marrazzo, Marco & Sauer, Stephan, 2024. "The impact of central bank digital currency on central bank profitability, risk-taking and capital," Occasional Paper Series 360, European Central Bank.
    8. Jonathan Chiu & Cyril Monnet, 2024. "Public and Private Money Creation for Distributed Ledgers: Stablecoins, Tokenized Deposits, or Central Bank Digital Currencies?," Staff Working Papers 24-35, Bank of Canada.
    9. Niepelt, Dirk, 2023. "Money and Banking with Reserves and CBDC," CEPR Discussion Papers 18444, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Meller, Barbara & Soons, Oscar, 2023. "Know your (holding) limits: CBDC, financial stability and central bank reliance," Occasional Paper Series 326, European Central Bank.
    11. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "Redesigning the eNaira central bank digital currency (CBDC) for payments and macroeconomic effectiveness," MPRA Paper 118807, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Dionysopoulos, Lambis & Marra, Miriam & Urquhart, Andrew, 2024. "Central bank digital currencies: A critical review," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    13. Muñoz, Manuel A. & Soons, Oscar, 2023. "Public money as a store of value, heterogeneous beliefs, and banks: implications of CBDC," Working Paper Series 2801, European Central Bank.
    14. Georgarakos, Dimitris & Kenny, Geoff & Laeven, Luc & Meyer, Justus, 2025. "Consumer attitudes towards a central bank digital currency," Working Paper Series 3035, European Central Bank.
    15. Luzie Thiel & Jochen Michaelis, 2023. "Digitales Zentralbankgeld: Warum wagt niemand den ersten Schritt?," MAGKS Papers on Economics 202315, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    16. Christopher J. Gust & Kyungmin Kim & Romina Ruprecht, 2023. "The Effects of CBDC on the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-068, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    17. Lorenzo Burlon & Manuel A. Muñoz & Frank Smets, 2024. "The Optimal Quantity of CBDC in a Bank-Based Economy," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 172-217, October.
    18. Azzone, Michele & Barucci, Emilio, 2023. "Evaluation of sight deposits and central bank digital currency," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    19. Saroj Bhattarai & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini & Zhenning Zhao, 2024. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Transmission of Monetary Policy," Staff Working Papers 24-27, Bank of Canada.
    20. Walter Engert & Oleksandr Shcherbakov & André Stenzel, 2024. "CBDC in the Market for Payments at the Point of Sale: Equilibrium Impact and Incumbent Responses," Staff Working Papers 24-52, Bank of Canada.
    21. Ahnert, Toni & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability," CEPR Discussion Papers 18222, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    22. Sylwia Klus & Artur Stefanski & Zuzanna Urbanowicz & Leszek Wanat, 2024. "Capital Adequacy Standards on the Case of Selected Banks in Poland Under Economic Uncertainty," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2), pages 517-530.
    23. Luu, Hiep Ngoc & Nguyen, Canh Phuc & Nasir, Muhammad Ali, 2023. "Implications of central bank digital currency for financial stability: Evidence from the global banking sector," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    24. Barbara Meller & Oscar Soons, 2023. "Know your (holding) limits: CBDC, financial stability and central bank reliance," Working Papers 771, DNB.
    25. Sofia Priazhkina & Samuel Palmer & Pablo Martín-Ramiro & Román Orús & Samuel Mugel & Vladimir Skavysh, 2024. "Digital Payments in Firm Networks: Theory of Adoption and Quantum Algorithm," Staff Working Papers 24-17, Bank of Canada.
    26. Karau, Sören, 2023. "Central bank digital currency competition and the impossible trinity," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    27. Nocciola, Luca & Zamora-Pérez, Alejandro, 2024. "Transactional demand for central bank digital currency," Working Paper Series 2926, European Central Bank.
    28. Caccia, Enea & Tapking, Jens & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and monetary policy implementation," Occasional Paper Series 345, European Central Bank.
    29. Kock, Ned & Tarkom, Augustine, 2024. "A theoretical concept of cryptocurrencies employing proof of socially beneficial work," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    30. Assenmacher, Katrin & Bitter, Lea & Ristiniemi, Annukka, 2023. "CBDC and business cycle dynamics in a New Monetarist New Keynesian model," Working Paper Series 2811, European Central Bank.
    31. Lü, Zheng & Ozcelebi, Oguzhan & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2025. "Impact of central bank digital currency uncertainty on international financial markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
    32. Ahnert, Toni & Assenmacher, Katrin & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Monnet, Cyril & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2022. "Cold hard (digital) cash: the economics of central bank digital currency," Research Bulletin, European Central Bank, vol. 100.
    33. Meng, Yuqun & Wu, Junxian & Tu, Yongqian, 2024. "Central bank digital currency, financial technology level and regional financial stability," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    34. Huseyin Oguz Genc & Soichiro Takagi, 2024. "A literature review on the design and implementation of central bank digital currencies," International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 197-225, February.
    35. Jabbar, Abdul & Geebren, Ahmed & Hussain, Zahid & Dani, Samir & Ul-Durar, Shajara, 2023. "Investigating individual privacy within CBDC: A privacy calculus perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    36. Carli, Francesco & Uras, Burak R., 2024. "E-money, risk-sharing, and welfare," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    37. M'bakob, Gilles Brice & Tchounga, Anatole, 2024. "CBDC and banking stability: Modeling cascading effects on reserves, lending, and liquidity," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(4).
    38. John E. Marthinsen & Steven R. Gordon, 2024. "Synthetic Central Bank Digital Currencies and Systemic Liquidity Risks," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, February.
    39. Beckmann, Lars & Debener, Jörn & Hark, Paul F. & Pfingsten, Andreas, 2024. "CBDC and the shadow of bank disintermediation: US stock market insights on threats and remedies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
    40. Maria-Emilia DINCULEANÄ‚, 2024. "Transforming Banking Customer Service: A Detailed Exploration of AI Adoption with Lessons from European Countries," Finante - provocarile viitorului (Finance - Challenges of the Future), University of Craiova, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 1(26), pages 138-159, November.
    41. Bidder, Rhys & Jackson, Timothy P. & Rottner, Matthias, 2024. "CBDC and banks: Disintermediating fast and slow," Discussion Papers 15/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    42. Christoph Wronka, 2023. "Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and their potential impact on traditional banking and monetary policy: an initial analysis," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 613-641, December.
    43. Carletti, Elena & Leonello, Agnese & Marquez, Robert, 2024. "Market power in banking," Working Paper Series 2886, European Central Bank.
    44. Sebastian Infante & Kyungmin Kim & Anna Orlik & André F. Silva & Robert J. Tetlow, 2022. "The Macroeconomic Implications of CBDC: A Review of the Literature," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-076, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    45. Rhys Bidder & Timothy Jackson & Matthias Rottner, 2024. "CBDC and Banks: Disintermediating Fast and Slow," Working Papers 202407, University of Liverpool, Department of Economics.

  3. Toni Ahnert & Michael Brolley & David Cimon & Ryan Riordan, 2022. "Cyber Risk and Security Investment," Staff Working Papers 22-32, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Anna Cartwright & Edward Cartwright & Jamie MacColl & Gareth Mott & Sarah Turner & James Sullivan & Jason R. C. Nurse, 2023. "How cyber insurance influences the ransomware payment decision: theory and evidence," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 48(2), pages 300-331, April.

  4. Toni Ahnert & Sebastian Doerr & Nicola Pierri & Yannick Timmer, 2022. "Does IT help? Information technology in banking and entrepreneurship," BIS Working Papers 998, Bank for International Settlements.

    Cited by:

    1. Leonardo Gambacorta & Fabiana Sabatini & Stefano Schiaffi, 2025. "Artificial intelligence and relationship lending," BIS Working Papers 1244, Bank for International Settlements.
    2. Sebastian Doerr & Magdalena Erdem & Guido Franco & Leonardo Gambacorta & Anamaria Illes, 2021. "Technological capacity and firms' recovery from Covid-19," BIS Working Papers 965, Bank for International Settlements.
    3. Tania Babina & Saleem A. Bahaj & Greg Buchak & Filippo De Marco & Angus K. Foulis & Will Gornall & Francesco Mazzola & Tong Yu, 2024. "Customer Data Access and Fintech Entry: Early Evidence from Open Banking," NBER Working Papers 32089, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Liu, Ziqiang & Feng, Qiushuo & Li, Hongyi, 2024. "Digital finance, bank competition shocks and operational efficiency of local commercial banks in Western China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    5. Timmer, Yannick & Pierri, Niccola, 2021. "The importance of technology in banking during a crisis," ESRB Working Paper Series 117, European Systemic Risk Board.
    6. Sun, Xiaoyan & Xie, Xuanli, 2024. "How does digital finance promote entrepreneurship? The roles of traditional financial institutions and BigTech firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    7. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Qiu, Han & Yu, Changhua, 2023. "BigTech credit and monetary policy transmission: Micro-level evidence from China," BOFIT Discussion Papers 2/2023, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
    8. Beck, Anne & Doerr, Sebastian, 2023. "The financial origins of regional inequality," CEPR Discussion Papers 18685, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. Zhou, Nan & Sun, Ruohan, 2024. "Coping with the storm: The role of fintech in SME survival," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    10. Huang, Yiping & Li, Xiang & Qiu, Han & Su, Dan & Yu, Changhua, 2024. "Bigtech credit, small business, and monetary policy transmission: Theory and evidence," IWH Discussion Papers 18/2022, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), revised 2024.

  5. Ahnert, Toni & Hoffmann, Peter & Monnet, Cyril, 2022. "Payments and privacy in the digital economy," CEPR Discussion Papers 17313, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    Cited by:

    1. Jonathan Chiu & Cyril Monnet, 2024. "Public and Private Money Creation for Distributed Ledgers: Stablecoins, Tokenized Deposits, or Central Bank Digital Currencies?," Staff Working Papers 24-35, Bank of Canada.
    2. Te Bao & John Duffy & Nobuyuki Hanaki, 2024. "Paying to Avoid the Spotlight," ISER Discussion Paper 1238r, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, revised Sep 2024.
    3. Magin, Jana Anjali & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2023. "The macroeconomic effects of different CBDC regimes in an economy with a heterogeneous household sector," DICE Discussion Papers 396, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    4. Charles M. Kahn & Maarten R.C. van Oordt, 2022. "The Demand for Programmable Payments," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-076/IV, Tinbergen Institute.
    5. Mishra, Bineet & Prasad, Eswar, 2024. "A simple model of a central bank digital currency," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    6. Todd Keister & Cyril Monnet, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Stability and Information," Working Papers 22.03, Swiss National Bank, Study Center Gerzensee.
    7. Magin, Jana & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2023. "The Macroeconomic Effects of Different CBDC Regimes in an Economy with a Heterogeneous Household Sector," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277656, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    8. Alexis Derviz, 2023. "Foreign Exchange Implications of CBDCs and Their Integration via Bridge Coins," Working Papers 2023/7, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department.
    9. Wang, Chien-Chiang & Li, Yiting, 2023. "Anonymous credit," MPRA Paper 118480, University Library of Munich, Germany.

  6. Ahnert, Toni & Kuncl, Martin, 2022. "Government Loan Guarantees, Market Liquidity, and Lending Standards," CEPR Discussion Papers 14458, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    Cited by:

    1. Carletti, Elena & Leonello, Agnese & Marquez, Robert, 2023. "Loan guarantees, bank underwriting policies and financial stability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(2), pages 260-295.
    2. Ahnert, Toni & Kuncl, Martin, 2022. "Government Loan Guarantees, Market Liquidity, and Lending Standards," CEPR Discussion Papers 14458, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Timmer, Yannick & Pierri, Niccola, 2021. "The importance of technology in banking during a crisis," ESRB Working Paper Series 117, European Systemic Risk Board.

  7. Toni Ahnert & David Martinez-Miera, 2021. "Bank Runs, Bank Competition and Opacity," Staff Working Papers 21-30, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Parlatore, Cecilia, 2024. "Transparency and bank runs," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).

  8. Toni Ahnert & Mahmoud Elamin, 2019. "Bank Runs, Portfolio Choice, and Liquidity Provision," Staff Working Papers 19-37, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. L. Deidda & E. Panetti, 2024. "Bank Recovery and Resolution Planning, Liquidity Management and Fragility," Working Paper CRENoS 202420, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.

  9. Toni Ahnert & Martin Kuncl, 2019. "Loan Insurance, Market Liquidity, and Lending Standards," Staff Working Papers 19-47, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Timmer, Yannick & Pierri, Niccola, 2021. "The importance of technology in banking during a crisis," ESRB Working Paper Series 117, European Systemic Risk Board.
    2. Hu, Bin & Hu, Yan-Ping, 2024. "A pricing model system for small and micro loan insurance considering limited claims," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Hu, Bin & Hu, Yan-Ping, 2024. "Pricing models for small and micro loan portfolio insurance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).

  10. Ahnert, Toni & Anand, Kartik & Gai, Prasanna & Chapman, James, 2018. "Asset encumbrance, bank funding and fragility," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118919, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

    Cited by:

    1. Kalimipalli, Madhu & Morohunfolu, Olaleye & Ramachandran, Shankar, 2024. "Do repeated government infusions help financial stability? Evidence from an emerging market," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    2. Benito, Enrique & Banal-Estanol, Albert & Khametshin, Dmitry, 2017. "Asset encumbrance and bank risk: First evidence from public disclosures in Europe," CEPR Discussion Papers 12168, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Garcia-Appendini, Emilia & Gatti, Stefano & Nocera, Giacomo, 2023. "Does asset encumbrance affect bank risk? Evidence from covered bonds," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    4. Matta, Rafael & Perotti, Enrico, 2015. "Insecure debt," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 65099, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Ahnert, Toni & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability," CEPR Discussion Papers 18222, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Ahnert, Toni & Anand, Kartik & Koenig, Philipp, 2023. "Real Interest Rates, Bank Borrowing, and Fragility," CEPR Discussion Papers 17793, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Ahnert, Toni & Elamin, Mahmoud, 2020. "Bank runs, portfolio choice, and liquidity provision," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    8. Ahnert, Toni & Martinez-Miera, David, 2021. "Bank Runs, Bank Competition and Opacity," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242348, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    9. Zhao Li & Kebin Ma, 2022. "Contagious Bank Runs and Committed Liquidity Support," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(12), pages 9152-9174, December.
    10. Alkis Georgiadis-Harris & Maxi Guennewig, 2023. "Bank Resolution, Deposit Insurance, and Fragility," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_477, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    11. Cipollini, Fabrizio & Ielasi, Federica & Querci, Francesca, 2024. "Asset encumbrance in banks: Is systemic risk affected?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
    12. Jonas Meuli & Thomas Nellen & Thomas Nitschka, 2021. "Covered bonds, loan growth and bank funding: The Swiss experience since 1932," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 77-94, April.
    13. George Kladakis & Lei Chen & Sotirios K. Bellos, 2022. "Wholesale funding and liquidity creation," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1501-1524, November.
    14. Leonello, Agnese & Mendicino, Caterina & Panetti, Ettore & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2024. "Savings, Efficiency and Bank Runs," CEPR Discussion Papers 19276, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Bhanot, Karan & Larsson, Carl F., 2018. "Uncovering the impact of regulatory uncertainty on credit spreads: A study of the U.S. covered bond experience," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 84-110.
    16. Jens Dick-Nielsen & Jacob Gyntelberg, 2019. "Highly Liquid Mortgage Bonds Using the Match Funding Principle," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(01), pages 1-37, December.
    17. Jose Fique, 2017. "The MacroFinancial Risk Assessment Framework (MFRAF), Version 2.0," Technical Reports 111, Bank of Canada.
    18. Robert McKeown, 2017. "An Overview Of The Canadian Banking System: 1996 To 2015," Working Paper 1379, Economics Department, Queen's University.

  11. Toni Ahnert & Kristin Forbes & Christian Friedrich & Dennis Reinhardt, 2018. "Macroprudential FX Regulations: Shifting the Snowbanks of FX Vulnerability?," Staff Working Papers 18-55, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Beck, Roland & Berganza, Juan Carlos & Brüggemann, Axel & Cezar, Rafael & Eijking, Carlijn & Eller, Markus & Fuentes, Alberto & Alves, Joel Graça & Kreitz, Lilian & Marsilli, Clement & Moder, Isabella, 2023. "Recent advances in the literature on capital flow management," Occasional Paper Series 317, European Central Bank.
    2. Anusha Chari & Karlye Dilts-Stedman & Kristin Forbes, 2021. "Spillovers at the Extremes: The Macroprudential Stance and Vulnerability to the Global Financial Cycle," NBER Chapters, in: NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2021, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Christian Friedrich & Hanno Friedrich & Nick Lawrence & Javier Cortes Orihuela & Phoebe Tian, 2025. "The International Exposure of the Canadian Banking System," Staff Working Papers 25-1, Bank of Canada.
    4. Ashima Goyal & Akhilesh K. Verma, 2020. "Cross border flows, financial Intermediation and interactions of policy rules in a small open economy model," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2020-008, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    5. Alberto Botta & Giuliano Toshiro Yajima & Gabriel Porcile, 2022. "Structural Change, Productive Development, and Capital Flows: Does Financial 'Bonanza' Cause Premature Deindustrialization?," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_999, Levy Economics Institute.
    6. Kang, Qiaoling & Chen, Minghua & Wu, Ji & Jeon, Bang Nam, 2024. "Reining in the riskiest? Evidence of non-linear impacts of macroprudential regulations on bank systemic risk in China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    7. Chokri Zehri & Zagros Madjd‐Sadjadi, 2024. "Capital flow management and monetary policy to control credit growth," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(2), pages 637-676, July.
    8. Johannes Matschke, 2021. "Macroprudential Policy Interlinkages," Research Working Paper RWP 21-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
    9. Varela, Liliana & Salomao, Juliana, 2018. "Exchange Rate Exposure and Firm Dynamics," CEPR Discussion Papers 12654, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Ryan Niladri Banerjee & Boris Hofmann & Aaron Mehrotra, 2020. "Corporate investment and the exchange rate: The financial channel," BIS Working Papers 839, Bank for International Settlements.
    11. Luís A.V. Catão & Daniel Marcel te Kaat, 2018. "Capital Account Liberalization and the Composition of Bank Liabilities," Working Papers REM 2018/53, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    12. Kristin J. Forbes & Francis E. Warnock, 2020. "Capital Flow Waves—or Ripples? Extreme Capital Flow Movements Since the Crisis," NBER Working Papers 26851, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Braggion, Fabio & Manconi, Alberto & Zhu, Haikun, 2023. "Household credit and regulatory arbitrage: Evidence from online marketplace lending," Other publications TiSEM 9fbc0f2e-26f5-414f-8384-c, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    14. Friedrich, Christian & Guerin, Pierre & Leiva-León, Danilo, 2021. "Monetary Policy Independence and the Strength of the Global Financial Cycle," CEPR Discussion Papers 16203, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Takáts, Előd & Temesvary, Judit, 2021. "How does the interaction of macroprudential and monetary policies affect cross-border bank lending?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    16. Philippe Bacchetta & Rachel Cordonier & Ouarda Merrouche, 2020. "The Rise in Foreign Currency Bonds: The Role of US Monetary Policy and Capital Controls," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 20-51, Swiss Finance Institute.
    17. Rebucci, Alessandro & Ma, Chang, 2019. "Capital Controls: A Survey of the New Literature," CEPR Discussion Papers 14186, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Eller, Markus & Hauzenberger, Niko & Huber, Florian & Schuberth, Helene & Vashold, Lukas, 2021. "The impact of macroprudential policies on capital flows in CESEE," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    19. Katharina Bergant & Francesco Grigoli & Niels‐Jakob Hansen & Damiano Sandri, 2024. "Dampening Global Financial Shocks: Can Macroprudential Regulation Help (More than Capital Controls)?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 56(6), pages 1405-1438, September.
    20. Zehri, Chokri, 2022. "Asymmetric impact of capital controls on international trade," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    21. Hale, Galina & Juvenal, Luciana, 2023. "External Balance Sheets and the COVID-19 Crisis," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt00p8f01t, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    22. Bitar, Joseph, 2021. "Foreign Currency Intermediation: Systemic Risk and Macroprudential Regulation," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(2).
    23. Norring, Anni, 2022. "Taming the tides of capital: Review of capital controls and macroprudential policy in emerging economies," BoF Economics Review 1/2022, Bank of Finland.
    24. Škrinjarić, Tihana, 2024. "Growth-at-risk for macroprudential policy stance assessment: a survey," Bank of England working papers 1075, Bank of England.
    25. Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti & Haonan Zhou, 2018. "Cross-border Banking and the Circumvention of Macroprudential and Capital Control Measures," IMF Working Papers 2018/217, International Monetary Fund.
    26. Muñoz, Manuel A., 2020. "Macroprudential policy and the role of institutional investors in housing markets," Working Paper Series 2454, European Central Bank.
    27. Coman, Andra & Lloyd, Simon, 2019. "In the face of spillovers: prudential policies in emerging economies," Bank of England working papers 828, Bank of England.
    28. Araujo, Juliana & Patnam, Manasa & Popescu, Adina & Valencia, Fabian & Yao, Weijia, 2024. "Effects of macroprudential policy: Evidence from over 6000 estimates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    29. Marcel Fratzscher & Tobias Heidland & Lukas Menkhoff & Lucio Sarno & Maik Schmeling, 2020. "Foreign Exchange Intervention: A New Database," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1915, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    30. Das, Mitali & Ordal, Hailey, 2022. "Macroeconomic stability or financial stability: How are capital controls used? Insights from a new database," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    31. Jon Frost & Hiro Ito & René van Stralen, 2020. "The effectiveness of macroprudential policies and capital controls against volatile capital inflows," BIS Working Papers 867, Bank for International Settlements.
    32. Ines Buono & Flavia Corneli & Enrica Di Stefano, 2024. "Capital inflows to emerging countries and their sensitivity to the global financial cycle," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 17-34, April.
    33. Ahnert, Toni & Forbes, Kristin & Friedrich, Christian & Reinhardt, Dennis, 2018. "Macroprudential FX regulations: shifting the snowbanks of FX vulnerability?," Bank of England working papers 758, Bank of England.
    34. Forbes, Kristin, 2020. "The International Aspects of Macroprudential Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers 15198, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    35. Ogrokhina, Olena & Rodriguez, Cesar M., 2024. "Inflation targeting and capital flows: A tale of two cycles in developing countries," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    36. Richa Jain & Amlendu Dubey, 2025. "Dynamic treatment effect of capital controls on macroeconomic and financial stability in emerging market economies," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 68(3), pages 963-999, March.
    37. Martin Hodula & Ngoc Anh Ngo, 2021. "Does Macroprudential Policy Leak? Evidence from Non-Bank Credit Intermediation in EU Countries," Working Papers 2021/5, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department.
    38. Krenz, Johanna & Verma, Akhilesh K, 2023. "A leaky pipeline: Macroprudential policy shocks, non-bank financial intermediation and systemic risk in Europe," WiSo-HH Working Paper Series 79, University of Hamburg, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, WISO Research Laboratory.
    39. JaeBin Ahn & Youngju Kim & Hyunjoon Lim, 2022. "For Whom the Levy Tolls: The Case of a Macroprudential Stability Levy in South Korea," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 70(3), pages 520-559, September.
    40. Forbes, Kristin & Friedrich, Christian & Reinhardt, Dennis, 2023. "Stress Relief? Funding Structures and Resilience to the Covid Shock," CEPR Discussion Papers 17852, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    41. Martha López Piñeros & Andrea Fabiani & Paul E. Soto & José-Luis Peydró, 2022. "Capital Controls, Corporate Debt and Real Effects," Working Papers 1339, Barcelona School of Economics.
    42. Kristin Forbes & Ida Hjortsoe & Tsvetelina Nenova, 2020. "International Evidence on Shock-Dependent Exchange Rate Pass-Through," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 68(4), pages 721-763, December.
    43. Lorena Keller, 2018. "Prudential Capital Controls and Risk Misallocation: Bank Lending Channel," 2018 Meeting Papers 129, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    44. Simona Malovana & Martin Hodula & Zuzana Gric & Josef Bajzik, 2021. "Macroprudential Policy in Central Banks: Integrated or Separate? Survey Among Academics and Central Bankers," Research and Policy Notes 2021/04, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department.
    45. Andrea Fabiani & Martha López & José-Luis Peydró & Paul E. Soto, 2023. "Capital Controls, Corporate Debt and Real Effects: Evidence from Boom and Crisis Times," Borradores de Economia 1244, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    46. Agénor, Pierre-Richard & Jia, Pengfei, 2020. "Capital controls and welfare with cross-border bank capital flows," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    47. Giraldo, Carlos & Giraldo-Salazar, Iader & Gomez-Gonzalez, Jose E. & Uribe, Jorge M., 2025. "The Impact of Colombia’s Gross Leverage Position in Foreign Exchange Derivatives on Housing Market Stability," Documentos de trabajo 21366, FLAR.
    48. Iader Giraldo & Carlos Giraldo & José E. Gomez-Gonzalez & Jorge Mario Uribe, 2022. "Banks’ Leverage in Foreign Exchange Derivatives in Times of Crises: A Tale of Two Countries," Documentos de trabajo 20541, FLAR.
    49. Annamaria de Crescenzio & Etienne Lepers & Zoe Fannon, 2021. "Assessing the effectiveness of currency-differentiated tools: The case of reserve requirements," OECD Working Papers on International Investment 2021/01, OECD Publishing.
    50. Paola Morales & Daniel Osorio-Rodríguez & Juan S. Lemus-Esquivel & Miguel Sarmiento, 2021. "The internationalization of domestic banks and the credit channel of monetary policy," Borradores de Economia 1181, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    51. Előd Takáts & Judit Temesvary, 2017. "The Currency Dimension of the Bank Lending Channel in International Monetary Transmission," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2017-001, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    52. Ms. Juliana Dutra Araujo & Manasa Patnam & Ms. Adina Popescu & Mr. Fabian Valencia & Weijia Yao, 2020. "Effects of Macroprudential Policy: Evidence from Over 6,000 Estimates," IMF Working Papers 2020/067, International Monetary Fund.
    53. Morales, Paola & Osorio, Daniel & Lemus, Juan S. & Sarmiento, Miguel, 2022. "The internationalization of domestic banks and the credit channel of monetary policy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    54. Johannes Matschke, 2021. "National Interests, Spillovers and Macroprudential Coordination," Research Working Paper RWP 21-13, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
    55. Morales, Paola & Osorio, Daniel & Lemus, Juan S. & Sarmiento Paipilla, Miguel, 2021. "The Internationalization of Domestic Banks and the Credit Channel of Monetary Policy," Other publications TiSEM 51d7c0c0-bcf4-4031-9e45-e, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    56. Julien Bengui & Javier Bianchi, 2018. "Macroprudential Policy with Leakages," Working Papers 754, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    57. Lloyd, Simon & Fernández-Gallardo, Álvaro & Manuel, Ed, 2023. "The transmission of macroprudential policy in the tails: evidence from a narrative approach," ESRB Working Paper Series 145, European Systemic Risk Board.
    58. Chokri Zehri & Fatma Zehri, 2025. "Coordination of macro-management policies to curtail credit growth," International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-29, February.
    59. Chokri Zehri, 2023. "The Volatility Lowering Effects of Capital Controls," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 15(3), pages 385-408, September.
    60. Nitzan Tzur-Ilan, 2019. "Macroprudential Policy: Implementation, Effects, And Lessons," Israel Economic Review, Bank of Israel, vol. 17(1), pages 39-71.
    61. Etienne Lepers & Rogelio Mercado, Jr., 2020. "Sectoral Capital Flows: Covariates, Co-movements, and Controls," Working Papers wp42, South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre, revised Dec 2020.
    62. Andrikopoulos, Athanasios & Chen, Zhongfei & Chortareas, Georgios & Li, Kexin, 2023. "Global economic policy Uncertainty, gross capital Inflows, and the mitigating role of Macroprudential policies," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    63. Li, Kexin & Chen, Zhongfei & Andrikopoulos, Athanasios, 2024. "Capital inflow liberalization and bank credit risk," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    64. Wildmer Daniel Gregori & Ângelo Ramos, 2024. "Time-varying effects of monetary and macroprudential policies: does high inflation matter?," Working Papers w202401, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.
    65. Loipersberger, Florian & Matschke, Johannes, 2022. "Financial cycles and domestic policy choices," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    66. Alper, Koray & Baskaya, Soner & Shi, Shuren, 2025. "How do macroprudential policies affect corporate investment? Insights from EIBIS data," EIB Working Papers 2025/02, European Investment Bank (EIB).
    67. Markus Eller & Reiner Martin & Helene Schuberth & Lukas Vashold, 2020. "Macroprudential policies in CESEE – an intensity-adjusted approach," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q2/20, pages 65-81.
    68. Muhammad Suhail Rizwan & Anum Qureshi & Irfan Ullah Sahibzada, 2024. "Macro-prudential regulations and systemic risk: the role of country-level governance indicators," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 25(3), pages 305-325, September.
    69. Morales, Paola & Osorio, Daniel & Lemus, Juan S. & Sarmiento Paipilla, Miguel, 2021. "The Internationalization of Domestic Banks and the Credit Channel of Monetary Policy," Discussion Paper 2021-028, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    70. Morales, Paola & Osorio, Daniel & Lemus, Juan S. & Sarmiento Paipilla, Miguel, 2021. "The Internationalization of Domestic Banks and the Credit Channel of Monetary Policy," Other publications TiSEM a8a61825-7d96-4635-8e61-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

  12. Toni Ahnert & Enrico Perotti, 2018. "Seeking Safety," Staff Working Papers 18-41, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

  13. Toni Ahnert & James Chapman & Carolyn A. Wilkins, 2018. "Should Bank Capital Regulation Be Risk Sensitive?," Staff Working Papers 18-48, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Tirupam Goel & Isha Agarwal, 2021. "Limits of stress-test based bank regulation," BIS Working Papers 953, Bank for International Settlements.
    2. Lo, Andrew W. & Thakor, Richard T., 2023. "Financial intermediation and the funding of biomedical innovation: A review," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    3. Biswas, Sonny & Koufopoulos, Kostas, 2022. "Bank capital structure and regulation: Overcoming and embracing adverse selection," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(3), pages 973-992.
    4. Song, Fenghua & Thakor, Anjan, 2022. "Ethics, capital and talent competition in banking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).

  14. Toni Ahnert & Co-Pierre Georg, 2017. "Information Contagion and Systemic Risk," Staff Working Papers 17-29, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Kinateder, Harald & Choudhury, Tonmoy & Zaman, Rashid & Scagnelli, Simone D. & Sohel, Nurul, 2021. "Does boardroom gender diversity decrease credit risk in the financial sector? Worldwide evidence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    2. Morelli, David & Vioto, Davide, 2020. "Assessing the contribution of China’s financial sectors to systemic risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    3. Chen, Yi & Du, Kai, 2020. "The role of information disclosure in financial intermediation with investment risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    4. König-Kersting, Christian & Trautmann, Stefan T. & Vlahu, Razvan, 2020. "Bank instability: Interbank linkages and the role of disclosure," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 14/2020, Bank of Finland.
    5. Daron Acemoglu & Asuman Ozdaglar & James Siderius & Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi, 2020. "Systemic Credit Freezes in Financial Lending Networks," NBER Working Papers 27149, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Mishra, Abinash & Srivastava, Pranjal & Chakrabarti, Anindya S., 2020. "'Too central to fail' firms in bi-layered financial networks: Evidence of linkages from the US corporate bond and stock markets," IIMA Working Papers WP 2020-06-02, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    7. Abdullah, Mohammad & Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Wali Ullah, G M & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Khan, Isma, 2023. "Tail risk contagion across electricity markets in crisis periods," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    8. Name 1 Dieter Wang Email 1 & Iman (I.P.P.) van Lelyveld & Julia (J.) Schaumburg, 2018. "Do information contagion and business model similarities explain bank credit risk commonalities?," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 18-100/IV, Tinbergen Institute.
    9. Qian, Qian & Feng, Hairong & Gu, Jing, 2021. "The influence of risk attitude on credit risk contagion—Perspective of information dissemination," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 582(C).
    10. Gabriel Bruneau & Javier Ojea Ferreiro & Andrew Plummer & Marie-Christine Tremblay & Aidan Witts, 2023. "Understanding the Systemic Implications of Climate Transition Risk: Applying a Framework Using Canadian Financial System Data," Discussion Papers 2023-32, Bank of Canada.
    11. Olena Kostylenko & Helena Sofia Rodrigues & Delfim F. M. Torres, 2019. "The spread of a financial virus through Europe and beyond," Papers 1901.07241, arXiv.org.
    12. X. Zhang & L. D. Valdez & H. E. Stanley & L. A. Braunstein, 2019. "Modeling Risk Contagion in the Venture Capital Market: A Multilayer Network Approach," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-11, December.
    13. van Wijnbergen, Sweder & Kiewiet, Gera & van Lelyveld, Iman Paul Pieter, 2017. "Contingent Convertibles: Can the Market handle them?," CEPR Discussion Papers 12359, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    14. Wang, Peiwen & Chen, Minghua & Wu, Ji & Yan, Yuanyun, 2024. "Bank connectedness and excessive risk-taking: Some cross-country evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    15. Paul Glasserman & Harry Mamaysky & Yiwen Shen, 2024. "Dynamic Information Regimes in Financial Markets," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(9), pages 6069-6092, September.
    16. Demian Macedo & Victor Troster, 2021. "Liquidity shocks and interbank market failures: the role of deposit flights, non-performing loans, and competition," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 16(4), pages 705-746, October.
    17. Allen N. Berger & John Sedunov, 2024. "The Life Cycle of Systemic Risk and Crises," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 56(8), pages 1923-1961, December.
    18. Martin Brown & Stefan T. Trautmann & Razvan Vlahu, 2017. "Understanding Bank-Run Contagion," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(7), pages 2272-2282, July.
    19. Noureddine Kouaissah & Amin Hocine, 2021. "Forecasting systemic risk in portfolio selection: The role of technical trading rules," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(4), pages 708-729, July.
    20. Ahelegbey, Daniel Felix & Giudici, Paolo & Hashem, Shatha Qamhieh, 2021. "Network VAR models to measure financial contagion," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    21. van Wijnbergen, Sweder & Chan, Stephanie, 2015. "Cocos, Contagion and Systemic Risk," CEPR Discussion Papers 10960, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    22. Cabrales, Antonio; Gale, Douglas; Gottardi, Piero, 2015. "Financial Contagion in Networks," Economics Working Papers ECO2015/01, European University Institute.
    23. Jokivuolle, Esa & Tunaru, Radu & Vioto, Davide, 2018. "Testing the systemic risk differences in banks," Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers 13/2018, Bank of Finland.
    24. Wang, Haibo, 2024. "Assessing resilience to systemic risks across interbank credit networks using linkage-leverage analysis: Evidence from Japan," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    25. Louis RAFFESTIN, 2021. "Uncertainty as a vector of financial contagion: how does it work, and how much does it matter?," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2881, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    26. Zhao, Hong & Li, Jiayi & Lei, Yiqing & Zhou, Mingming, 2022. "Risk spillover of banking across regions: Evidence from the belt and road countries," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    27. Jonathan A. Batten & Tonmoy Choudhury & Harald Kinateder & Niklas F. Wagner, 2023. "Volatility impacts on the European banking sector: GFC and COVID-19," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 330(1), pages 335-360, November.
    28. Aljohani, Bader M. & Fadul, Abubaker & Asiri, Maram S. & Alkhathami, Abdulrahman D. & Hasan, Fakhrul, 2024. "Volatility transmission in the property market during two inflationary periods: The 2008–2009 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 crisis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PB).
    29. Jiajia, Liu & Kun, Guo & Fangcheng, Tang & Yahan, Wang & Shouyang, Wang, 2023. "The effect of the disposal of non-performing loans on interbank liquidity risk in China: A cash flow network-based analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 105-119.
    30. Yfanti, Stavroula & Karanasos, Menelaos & Zopounidis, Constantin & Christopoulos, Apostolos, 2023. "Corporate credit risk counter-cyclical interdependence: A systematic analysis of cross-border and cross-sector correlation dynamics," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 304(2), pages 813-831.
    31. Brown, Martin & Trautmann, Stefan T. & Vlahu, Razvan, 2012. "Contagious Bank Runs: Experimental Evidence," Working Papers on Finance 1207, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.

  15. Toni Ahnert & Benjamin Nelson, 2016. "Opaque Assets and Rollover Risk," Staff Working Papers 16-17, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Ryuichiro Izumi, 2021. "Opacity: Insurance and Fragility," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 40, pages 146-169, April.

  16. Toni Ahnert & Kartik Anand & Prasanna Gai & James Chapman, 2016. "Asset Encumbrance, Bank Funding and Financial Fragility," Staff Working Papers 16-16, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Kalimipalli, Madhu & Morohunfolu, Olaleye & Ramachandran, Shankar, 2024. "Do repeated government infusions help financial stability? Evidence from an emerging market," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    2. Benito, Enrique & Banal-Estanol, Albert & Khametshin, Dmitry, 2017. "Asset encumbrance and bank risk: First evidence from public disclosures in Europe," CEPR Discussion Papers 12168, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Garcia-Appendini, Emilia & Gatti, Stefano & Nocera, Giacomo, 2023. "Does asset encumbrance affect bank risk? Evidence from covered bonds," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    4. Matta, Rafael & Perotti, Enrico, 2015. "Insecure debt," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 65099, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Ahnert, Toni & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability," CEPR Discussion Papers 18222, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Ahnert, Toni & Anand, Kartik & Koenig, Philipp, 2023. "Real Interest Rates, Bank Borrowing, and Fragility," CEPR Discussion Papers 17793, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Ahnert, Toni & Elamin, Mahmoud, 2020. "Bank runs, portfolio choice, and liquidity provision," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    8. Ahnert, Toni & Martinez-Miera, David, 2021. "Bank Runs, Bank Competition and Opacity," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242348, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    9. Zhao Li & Kebin Ma, 2022. "Contagious Bank Runs and Committed Liquidity Support," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(12), pages 9152-9174, December.
    10. Alkis Georgiadis-Harris & Maxi Guennewig, 2023. "Bank Resolution, Deposit Insurance, and Fragility," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_477, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    11. Cipollini, Fabrizio & Ielasi, Federica & Querci, Francesca, 2024. "Asset encumbrance in banks: Is systemic risk affected?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
    12. Jonas Meuli & Thomas Nellen & Thomas Nitschka, 2021. "Covered bonds, loan growth and bank funding: The Swiss experience since 1932," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 77-94, April.
    13. George Kladakis & Lei Chen & Sotirios K. Bellos, 2022. "Wholesale funding and liquidity creation," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1501-1524, November.
    14. Leonello, Agnese & Mendicino, Caterina & Panetti, Ettore & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2024. "Savings, Efficiency and Bank Runs," CEPR Discussion Papers 19276, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Bhanot, Karan & Larsson, Carl F., 2018. "Uncovering the impact of regulatory uncertainty on credit spreads: A study of the U.S. covered bond experience," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 84-110.
    16. Jens Dick-Nielsen & Jacob Gyntelberg, 2019. "Highly Liquid Mortgage Bonds Using the Match Funding Principle," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(01), pages 1-37, December.
    17. Jose Fique, 2017. "The MacroFinancial Risk Assessment Framework (MFRAF), Version 2.0," Technical Reports 111, Bank of Canada.
    18. Robert McKeown, 2017. "An Overview Of The Canadian Banking System: 1996 To 2015," Working Paper 1379, Economics Department, Queen's University.

  17. Toni Ahnert & Enrico Perotti, 2015. "Cheap But Flighty: How Global Imbalances Create Financial Fragility," Staff Working Papers 15-33, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Ahnert, Toni & Anand, Kartik & Gai, Prasanna & Chapman, James, 2016. "Asset Encumbrance, Bank Funding, and Financial Fragility," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145782, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    2. Toni Ahnert & Benjamin Nelson, 2016. "Opaque Assets and Rollover Risk," Staff Working Papers 16-17, Bank of Canada.
    3. Matta, Rafael & Perotti, Enrico, 2015. "Insecure debt," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 65099, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Ahnert, Toni & Anand, Kartik & Gai, Prasanna & Chapman, James, 2017. "Asset encumbrance, bank funding and fragility," ESRB Working Paper Series 52, European Systemic Risk Board.
    5. Golec, Pascal & Perotti, Enrico, 2017. "Safe assets: a review," Working Paper Series 2035, European Central Bank.

  18. Toni Ahnert & Christoph Bertsch, 2015. "A Wake-Up-Call Theory of Contagion," Staff Working Papers 15-14, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Geert Bekaert & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Arnaud Mehl, 2014. "The Global Crisis and Equity Market Contagion," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2597-2649, December.
    2. Kubitza, Christian & Gründl, Helmut, 2016. "Systemic risk: Time-lags and persistence," ICIR Working Paper Series 20/16, Goethe University Frankfurt, International Center for Insurance Regulation (ICIR).
    3. Qiang Ji & Bing-Yue Liu & Juncal Cunado & Rangan Gupta, 2017. "Risk Spillover between the US and the Remaining G7 Stock Markets Using Time-Varying Copulas with Markov Switching: Evidence from Over a Century of Data," Working Papers 201759, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    4. Toni Ahnert & Christoph Bertsch, 2022. "A Wake-Up Call Theory of Contagion [Asymmetric business cycles: theory and time-series evidence]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(4), pages 829-854.
    5. Fukker, Gábor & Kaijser, Michiel & Mingarelli, Luca & Sydow, Matthias, 2022. "Contagion from market price impact: a price-at-risk perspective," Working Paper Series 2692, European Central Bank.
    6. Lee, Seohyun, 2017. "Three essays on uncertainty: real and financial effects of uncertainty shocks," MPRA Paper 83617, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Cong, Lin William & Grenadier, Steven R. & Hu, Yunzhi, 2020. "Dynamic interventions and informational linkages," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(1), pages 1-15.
    8. Peeters, Ronald & Veiga, Helena & Vorsatz, Marc, 2025. "An experimental analysis of contagion in financial markets," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    9. Ana-Maria Fuertes & Maria-Dolores Robles, 2021. "Bank Credit Risk Events and Peers’ Equity Value," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE 2021-06, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico.
    10. EnDer Su & Ving-Vunk Mak & Po-Yuk So, 2024. "Exploring Three-style Return Comovements and Contagion Using a Correlation Decomposition GARCH Model," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 63(6), pages 2271-2305, June.
    11. Isabel Trevino, 2020. "Informational Channels of Financial Contagion," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(1), pages 297-335, January.
    12. Ryuichiro Izumi & Antonis Kotidis & Paul E. Soto, 2024. "Trademarks in Banking," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-044, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    13. Ahnert, Toni & Bertsch, Christoph, 2013. "A wake-up call: information contagion and strategic uncertainty," Working Paper Series 282, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden), revised 01 Mar 2014.
    14. Cabrales, Antonio; Gale, Douglas; Gottardi, Piero, 2015. "Financial Contagion in Networks," Economics Working Papers ECO2015/01, European University Institute.
    15. Wiesen, Thomas F.P. & Adekoya, Oluwasegun Babatunde & Oliyide, Johnson & Afatsao, Richard, 2024. "Does high volatility increase connectedness? A study of Asian equity markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    16. Suren Vardanyan, 2016. "Contagion in Experimental Financial Markets," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp580, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    17. Mejri, Sami & Aloui, Chaker & Khan, Nasir, 2024. "The gold stock nexus: Assessing the causality dynamics based on advanced multiscale approaches," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    18. Chun-An Li & Min-Ching Lee & Chin-Sheng Huang, 2018. "Taiwan And U.S. Equity Market Interdependence And Contagion: Evidence From Four-Factor Model," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 12(2), pages 95-115.
    19. Audzeyeva, Alena & Fuertes, Ana-Maria, 2018. "On the predictability of emerging market sovereign credit spreads," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 140-157.
    20. Lin, Anchor Y. & Lin, Hung-Yi & Huang, Lin-Hsiang & Lin, Yueh-Neng, 2024. "Overnight returns following large price movements," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PB).
    21. Rho, Caterina & Saenz, Manrique, 2021. "Financial stress and the probability of sovereign default," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    22. Marina Yu. Malkina, 2024. "Financial contagion in the US, European and Chinese stock markets during global shocks," Journal of New Economy, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 25(4), pages 47-67, December.

  19. Toni Ahnert & Ali Kakhbod, 2014. "Information, Amplification and Financial Crisis," Staff Working Papers 14-30, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Machado, Caio, 2023. "Managing Overreaction During a Run," MPRA Paper 117896, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 08 Jul 2023.
    2. Alex Petkevich & Andrew Prevost, 2018. "Managerial ability, information quality, and the design and pricing of corporate debt," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1033-1069, November.
    3. Wang, Bo, 2022. "Ambiguity aversion and amplification of financial crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    4. Toni Ahnert & Christoph Bertsch, 2022. "A Wake-Up Call Theory of Contagion [Asymmetric business cycles: theory and time-series evidence]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(4), pages 829-854.
    5. Rashad Ahmed & Iñaki Aldasoro & Chanelle Duley, 2024. "Public information and stablecoin runs," BIS Working Papers 1164, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Schilling, Linda, 2019. "Optimal Forbearance of Bank Resolution," CEPR Discussion Papers 14244, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Ahnert, Toni & Elamin, Mahmoud, 2020. "Bank runs, portfolio choice, and liquidity provision," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    8. Ahnert, Toni & Martinez-Miera, David, 2021. "Bank Runs, Bank Competition and Opacity," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242348, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    9. Toni Ahnert & Co-Pierre Georg, 2017. "Information Contagion and Systemic Risk," Staff Working Papers 17-29, Bank of Canada.
    10. Javier Bianchi & Enrique G. Mendoza, 2020. "A Fisherian Approach to Financial Crises: Lessons from the Sudden Stops Literature," NBER Working Papers 26915, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Kakhbod, Ali & Song, Fei, 2020. "Dynamic price discovery: Transparency vs. information design," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 203-232.
    12. Ahnert, Toni & Bertsch, Christoph, 2013. "A wake-up call: information contagion and strategic uncertainty," Working Paper Series 282, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden), revised 01 Mar 2014.
    13. Samuel K. Hughes & Joseph B. Nichols, 2025. "No News is Bad News: Monitoring, Risk, and Stale Financial Performance in Commercial Real Estate," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2025-032, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    14. Jasmina Arifovic & Janet Hua Jiang, 2014. "Do Sunspots Matter? Evidence from an Experimental Study of Bank Runs," Staff Working Papers 14-12, Bank of Canada.
    15. Arifovic, Jasmina & Jiang, Janet Hua, 2019. "Strategic uncertainty and the power of extrinsic signals– evidence from an experimental study of bank runs," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1-17.

  20. Toni Ahnert & Mahmoud Elamin, 2014. "The Effect of Safe Assets on Financial Fragility in a Bank-Run Model," Working Papers (Old Series) 1437, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

    Cited by:

    1. Carletti, Elena & Leonello, Agnese & Allen, Franklin & Goldstein, Itay, 2017. "Government guarantees and financial stability," Working Paper Series 2032, European Central Bank.
    2. Luca Deidda & Ettore Panetti, 2018. "Banks' Liquidity Management and Financial Fragility," 2018 Meeting Papers 671, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    3. Ettore Panetti & Luca G. Deidda, 2017. "Banks’ Liquidity Management and Systemic Risk," Working Papers w201713, Banco de Portugal, Economics and Research Department.

  21. Toni Ahnert, 2014. "Rollover Risk, Liquidity and Macroprudential Regulation," Staff Working Papers 14-23, Bank of Canada.

    Cited by:

    1. Argyropoulos, Christos & Candelon, Bertrand & Hasse, Jean-Baptiste & Panopoulou, Ekaterini, 2020. "Toward a macroprudential regulatory framework for mutual funds," LIDAM Discussion Papers LFIN 2020008, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Finance (LFIN).
    2. Toni Ahnert & Ali Kakhbod, 2014. "Information, Amplification and Financial Crisis," Staff Working Papers 14-30, Bank of Canada.
    3. Daron Acemoglu & Asuman Ozdaglar & James Siderius & Alireza Tahbaz-Salehi, 2020. "Systemic Credit Freezes in Financial Lending Networks," NBER Working Papers 27149, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Toni Ahnert & Benjamin Nelson, 2016. "Opaque Assets and Rollover Risk," Staff Working Papers 16-17, Bank of Canada.
    5. Gerardo Ferrara & Sam Langfield & Zijun Liu & Tomohiro Ota, 2019. "Systemic illiquidity in the interbank network," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(11), pages 1779-1795, November.
    6. Xuewen Liu, 2018. "Diversification and Systemic Bank Runs," 2018 Meeting Papers 739, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    7. Huang, Chao & Moreira, Fernando & Archibald, Thomas W., 2024. "Should Basel-style liquidity requirements be set countercyclically? Evidence from a numerical analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    8. Sebastian Infante & Alexandros Vardoulakis, 2018. "Collateral Runs," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-022, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    9. Toni Ahnert & Co-Pierre Georg, 2017. "Information Contagion and Systemic Risk," Staff Working Papers 17-29, Bank of Canada.
    10. Adi Mordel, 2018. "Prudential Liquidity Regulation in Banking-A Literature Review," Discussion Papers 18-8, Bank of Canada.
    11. Faia, Ester & Aldasoro, Inaki, 2015. "Systemic Loops and Liquidity Regulation," CEPR Discussion Papers 10918, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    12. Jean-Baptiste Hasse & Christelle Lecourt & Souhila Siagh, 2023. "Institutional Stock-Bond Portfolios Rebalancing and Financial Stability," AMSE Working Papers 2322, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    13. Yang, Hsin-Feng & Liu, Chih-Liang & Yeutien Chou, Ray, 2020. "Bank diversification and systemic risk," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 311-326.
    14. Ikeda, Daisuke, 2024. "Bank runs, prudential tools and social welfare in a global game general equilibrium model," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    15. Eisenbach, Thomas M., 2017. "Rollover risk as market discipline: A two-sided inefficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(2), pages 252-269.
    16. Xuewen Liu, 2023. "A Model of Systemic Bank Runs," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(2), pages 731-793, April.

Articles

  1. Toni Ahnert & Martin Kuncl, 2024. "Government Loan Guarantees, Market Liquidity, and Lending Standards," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(7), pages 4502-4532, July.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Ahnert, Toni & Assenmacher, Katrin & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Monnet, Cyril & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2022. "Cold hard (digital) cash: the economics of central bank digital currency," Research Bulletin, European Central Bank, vol. 100.

    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Bacchetta & Elena Perazzi, 2021. "CBDC as Imperfect Substitute for Bank Deposits: A Macroeconomic Perspective," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 21-81, Swiss Finance Institute.
    2. Meller, Barbara & Soons, Oscar, 2023. "Know your (holding) limits: CBDC, financial stability and central bank reliance," Occasional Paper Series 326, European Central Bank.
    3. Georgarakos, Dimitris & Kenny, Geoff & Laeven, Luc & Meyer, Justus, 2025. "Consumer attitudes towards a central bank digital currency," Working Paper Series 3035, European Central Bank.
    4. Christopher J. Gust & Kyungmin Kim & Romina Ruprecht, 2023. "The Effects of CBDC on the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2023-068, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    5. Saroj Bhattarai & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini & Zhenning Zhao, 2024. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Transmission of Monetary Policy," Staff Working Papers 24-27, Bank of Canada.
    6. Walter Engert & Oleksandr Shcherbakov & André Stenzel, 2024. "CBDC in the Market for Payments at the Point of Sale: Equilibrium Impact and Incumbent Responses," Staff Working Papers 24-52, Bank of Canada.
    7. Ahnert, Toni & Hoffmann, Peter & Leonello, Agnese & Porcellacchia, Davide, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Financial Stability," CEPR Discussion Papers 18222, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    8. Caccia, Enea & Tapking, Jens & Vlassopoulos, Thomas, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and monetary policy implementation," Occasional Paper Series 345, European Central Bank.
    9. Beckmann, Lars & Debener, Jörn & Hark, Paul F. & Pfingsten, Andreas, 2024. "CBDC and the shadow of bank disintermediation: US stock market insights on threats and remedies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
    10. Bidder, Rhys & Jackson, Timothy P. & Rottner, Matthias, 2024. "CBDC and banks: Disintermediating fast and slow," Discussion Papers 15/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    11. Carletti, Elena & Leonello, Agnese & Marquez, Robert, 2024. "Market power in banking," Working Paper Series 2886, European Central Bank.
    12. Rhys Bidder & Timothy Jackson & Matthias Rottner, 2024. "CBDC and Banks: Disintermediating Fast and Slow," Working Papers 202407, University of Liverpool, Department of Economics.

  3. Toni Ahnert & Christoph Bertsch, 2022. "A Wake-Up Call Theory of Contagion [Asymmetric business cycles: theory and time-series evidence]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(4), pages 829-854.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  4. Ahnert, Toni & Chapman, James & Wilkins, Carolyn, 2021. "Should bank capital regulation be risk sensitive?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    See citations under working paper version above.
  5. Ahnert, Toni & Forbes, Kristin & Friedrich, Christian & Reinhardt, Dennis, 2021. "Macroprudential FX regulations: Shifting the snowbanks of FX vulnerability?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(1), pages 145-174.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  6. Ahnert, Toni & Perotti, Enrico, 2021. "Cheap but flighty: A theory of safety-seeking capital flows," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).

    Cited by:

    1. Narayan, Shivani & Kumar, Dilip, 2024. "Unveiling interconnectedness and risk spillover among cryptocurrencies and other asset classes," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Madalen Castells Jauregui & Dmitry Kuvshinov & Bjoern Richter & Victoria Vanasco, 2024. "Sectoral dynamics of safe assets in advanced economies," Economics Working Papers 1884, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    3. Aneta Bobenič Hintošová & Glória Bódy, 2023. "Sustainable FDI in the Digital Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-15, July.
    4. Castells-Jauregui, Madalen, 2025. "Private safe-asset supply and financial instability," Working Paper Series 3044, European Central Bank.
    5. Ahnert, Toni & Anand, Kartik & Koenig, Philipp, 2023. "Real Interest Rates, Bank Borrowing, and Fragility," CEPR Discussion Papers 17793, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Braun, Benjamin, 2021. "From exit to control: The structural power of finance under asset manager capitalism," SocArXiv 4uesc, Center for Open Science.
    7. Hammed, Yinka S & Salisu, Afees & Akume, Michael, 2025. "The international spillover effects of US Quality of Political Signals: A Global VAR approach," MPRA Paper 123530, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Sini, Snow & Abdul-Rahim, A.S. & Chin, Lee & Said, Rusmawati & Sulaiman, Chindo, 2022. "Natural resources’ impact on capital flow and conflict relationship in Africa: A novel insight from GMM and quantile regression," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).

  7. Ahnert, Toni & Elamin, Mahmoud, 2020. "Bank runs, portfolio choice, and liquidity provision," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    See citations under working paper version above.
  8. Toni Ahnert & Kartik Anand & Prasanna Gai & James Chapman & Philip StrahanEditor, 2019. "Asset Encumbrance, Bank Funding, and Fragility," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(6), pages 2422-2455.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  9. Ahnert, Toni & Georg, Co-Pierre, 2018. "Information contagion and systemic risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 159-171.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  10. Toni Ahnert & Ali Kakhbod, 2017. "Information Choice and Amplification of Financial Crises," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(6), pages 2130-2178.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  11. Toni Ahnert, 2016. "Rollover Risk, Liquidity and Macroprudential Regulation," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 48(8), pages 1753-1785, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
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