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The Rural Non-farm Economy: Prospects for Growth and Poverty Reduction

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  1. Kai Mausch & Dave Harris & Luke Dilley & Mary Crossland & Tim Pagella & Jules Yim & Emma Jones, 2021. "Not All About Farming: Understanding Aspirations Can Challenge Assumptions About Rural Development," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 33(4), pages 861-884, August.
  2. Jannike Wichern & Mark T. Wijk & Katrien Descheemaeker & Romain Frelat & Piet J. A. Asten & Ken E. Giller, 2017. "Food availability and livelihood strategies among rural households across Uganda," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 9(6), pages 1385-1403, December.
  3. Evelyne Lazaro & Jytte Agergaard & Marianne Nylandsted Larsen & Jeremia Makindara & Torben Birch-Thomsen, 2019. "Urbanisation in Rural Regions: The Emergence of Urban Centres in Tanzania," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 31(1), pages 72-94, January.
  4. Van den Broeck, Goedele & Swinnen, Johan & Maertens, Miet, 2017. "Global value chains, large-scale farming, and poverty: Long-term effects in Senegal," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 97-107.
  5. Ayala Wineman, 2019. "Women’s welfare and livelihoods outside of marriage: evidence from rural Tanzania," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 993-1024, September.
  6. Haribondhu Sarma & Ishrat Jabeen & Sharmin Khan Luies & Md Fakhar Uddin & Tahmeed Ahmed & Thomas J Bossert & Cathy Banwell, 2020. "Performance of volunteer community health workers in implementing home-fortification interventions in Bangladesh: A qualitative investigation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, April.
  7. Hammond, James & Pagella, Tim & Caulfield, Mark E. & Fraval, Simon & Teufel, Nils & Wichern, Jannike & Kihoro, Esther & Herrero, Mario & Rosenstock, Todd S. & van Wijk, Mark T., 2023. "Poverty dynamics and the determining factors among East African smallholder farmers," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
  8. Jan Fałkowski & Maciej Jakubowski & Paweł Strawiński, 2014. "Returns from income strategies in rural Poland," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 22(1), pages 139-178, January.
  9. Clay, Nathan & King, Brian, 2019. "Smallholders’ uneven capacities to adapt to climate change amid Africa’s ‘green revolution’: Case study of Rwanda’s crop intensification program," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 1-14.
  10. Makate, Clifton & Angelsen, Arild & Holden, Stein Terje & Westengen, Ola Tveitereid, 2023. "Evolution of farm-level crop diversification and response to rainfall shocks in smallholder farming: Evidence from Malawi and Tanzania," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
  11. Jones, Sam & Tarp, Finn, 2013. "Jobs and Welfare in Mozambique," WIDER Working Paper Series 045, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  12. Kamaldeen Mohammed & Evans Batung & Moses Kansanga & Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong & Isaac Luginaah, 2021. "Livelihood diversification strategies and resilience to climate change in semi-arid northern Ghana," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 1-23, February.
  13. Maystadt, Jean-Francois, 2011. "Poverty reduction in a refugee-hosting economy: A natural experiment," IFPRI discussion papers 1132, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
  14. Ambler, Kate & Herskowitz, Sylvan & Maredia, Mywish K., 2021. "Are we done yet? Response fatigue and rural livelihoods," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  15. Musa Hasen Ahmed & Kumilachew Alamerie Melesse, 2018. "Impact of off-farm activities on technical efficiency: evidence from maize producers of eastern Ethiopia," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 6(1), pages 1-15, December.
  16. Naseem, Anwar & Oehmke, James F. & Anderson, Jock & Mbaye, Samba & Pray, Carl & Nagarajan, Latha & Moss, Charles B. & Post, Lori, 2017. "Measuring Agricultural and Structural Transformation," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258549, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  17. Lucas Gutierrez Rodriguez & Manuel Ruiz Perez & Xiaosheng Yang & Geriletu, 2011. "From Farm to Rural Hostel: New Opportunities and Challenges Associated with Tourism Expansion in Daxi, a Village in Anji County, Zhejiang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-16, January.
  18. Tshikala, Sam Kaninda & Fonsah, Esendugue Greg, 2018. "Analysis Of The Impact Of Migrations And Remittances On Income Diversification In Rural Africa: A Case Study Of Kenya," 2018 Annual Meeting, February 2-6, 2018, Jacksonville, Florida 266703, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
  19. Binswanger-Mkhize, Hans P. & Johnson, Timothy & Samboko, Paul Chimuka & You, Liangzhi, 2016. "The impact of urban growth on agricultural and rural non-farm growth in Kenya," 2016 Fifth International Conference, September 23-26, 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 249274, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
  20. Zeeshan & Geetilaxmi Mohapatra & Arun Kumar Giri, 2022. "How Farm Household Spends Their Non-farm Incomes in Rural India? Evidence from Longitudinal Data," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(4), pages 1967-1996, August.
  21. Sam Jones & Finn Tarp, 2013. "Jobs and Welfare in Mozambique," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2013-045, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  22. Kazi Iqbal & Md Nahid Ferdous Pabon & Md Wahid Ferdous Ibon, 2023. "Examining rural income and employment in Bangladesh: A case of structural changes in the rural nonfarm sector in a developing country," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 67(3), pages 364-387, July.
  23. Valbuena, Diego & Tui, Sabine Homann-Kee & Erenstein, Olaf & Teufel, Nils & Duncan, Alan & Abdoulaye, Tahirou & Swain, Braja & Mekonnen, Kindu & Germaine, Ibro & Gérard, Bruno, 2015. "Identifying determinants, pressures and trade-offs of crop residue use in mixed smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 107-118.
  24. Rakhshanda, Kousar & Awudu, Abdulai, 2013. "Impacts of rural non-farm employment on household welfare in Pakistan," 2013 Second Congress, June 6-7, 2013, Parma, Italy 149890, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).
  25. Guoqiang Liu & Dakuan Qiao & Yuying Liu & Xinhong Fu, 2022. "Does Service Utilization Improve Members’ Welfare? Evidence from Citrus Cooperatives in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, May.
  26. Ugo Pica-Ciamarra & Luca Tasciotti & Joachim Otte & Alberto Zezza, 2015. "Livestock in the Household Economy: Cross-Country Evidence from Microeconomic Data," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 33(1), pages 61-81, January.
  27. Sènakpon Fidèle Ange Dedehouanou & Abdelkrim Araar, 2020. "Gender, entrepreneurship and food security in Niger," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 815-830, August.
  28. Raaj Kishore Biswas & Enamul Kabir & Hafiz T. A. Khan, 2019. "Causes of Urban Migration in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Urban Health Survey," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 38(4), pages 593-614, August.
  29. Zhanping Hu & Qian Forrest Zhang, 2022. "The Resilience of Diversified Clusters: Reconfiguring Commodity Networks in Rural China during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, March.
  30. Rahman, Andaleeb, 2018. "Does off-farm income affect food security? Evidence from India," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 273882, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  31. Guo, Di & Jiang, Kun & Xu, Chenggang & Yang, Xiyi, 2022. "Industrial clustering, income and inequality in rural China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  32. Andaleeb Rahman & Sumit Mishra, 2020. "Does Non-farm Income Affect Food Security? Evidence from India," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(6), pages 1190-1209, June.
  33. Call, Maia & Gray, Clark & Jagger, Pamela, 2019. "Smallholder responses to climate anomalies in rural Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 132-144.
  34. Van Hoyweghen, K. & Van Den Broeck, G. & Maertens, M., 2018. "Understanding the importance of off-farm employment for rural development: Evidence from Senegal," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 275888, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
  35. Nilsson, Pia, 2017. "Assessing the Role of Land Use Consolidation for Consumption Growth in Rwanda," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 455, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
  36. Gamel Abdul-Nasser Salifu & Kwabena Asomanin Anaman, 2019. "A Political Economy Analysis of Income Diversification Activities of Rural Households in the Northern Region of Ghana," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 6(5), pages 10-34, September.
  37. Hasanov, Shavkat & Sanaev, Golib, 2018. "Non-farm employment trends and policy in rural areas of Samarkand region (Uzbekistan)," IAMO Discussion Papers 279145, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
  38. Bethuel Kinuthia & Abdelkrim Araar & Laura Barasa & Stephene Maende & Faith Mariera, 2019. "Off-Farm Participation, Agricultural Production and Farmers’ Welfare in Tanzania and Uganda," Working Papers PMMA 2019-01, PEP-PMMA.
  39. Arouri, Mohamed & Ben Youssef, Adel & Nguyen, Cuong, 2017. "Does urbanization reduce rural poverty? Evidence from Vietnam," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 253-270.
  40. Larson,Donald F. & Muraoka,Rie & Otsuka,Keijiro, 2016. "On the central role of small farms in African rural development strategies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7710, The World Bank.
  41. Chang, Ching-Cheng & Lin, Kuo-Jung & Lin, Hsing-Chun & Liou, Ruey-Wan & Hsu, Sheng-Ming & Hsieh, De-Yan & Hsu, Shih-Hsun, 2016. "An Economy-wide Analysis of Trade Liberalization Impacts on Rural Household Income in Taiwan," Conference papers 330222, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
  42. Elvis Dze Achuo & Tii N. Nchofoung & Simplice A. Asongu & Gildas Dohba Dinga, 2021. "Unravelling the Mysteries of Underdevelopment in Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 21/073, African Governance and Development Institute..
  43. Andrew Allee & Lee R. Lynd & Vikrant Vaze, 2021. "Cross-national analysis of food security drivers: comparing results based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and Global Food Security Index," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(5), pages 1245-1261, October.
  44. Alieh Abadi & Mehdi Khakzand, 2022. "Extracting the qualitative dimensions of agritourism for the sustainable development of Charqoli village in Iran: the promotion of vernacular entrepreneurship and environment-oriented preservation per," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(11), pages 12609-12671, November.
  45. Sinne Borby Ørtenblad & Torben Birch-Thomsen & Lukelo Roden Msese, 2019. "Rural Transformation and Changing Rural–Urban Connections in a Dynamic Region in Tanzania: Perspectives on Processes of Inclusive Development," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 31(1), pages 118-138, January.
  46. Muhammad Rizwan & Ping Qing & Abdul Saboor & Muhammad Amjed Iqbal & Adnan Nazir, 2020. "Production Risk and Competency among Categorized Rice Peasants: Cross-Sectional Evidence from an Emerging Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, May.
  47. Woodhill, Jim & Kishore, Avinash & Njuki, Jemimah & Jones, Kristal & Hasnain, Saher, 2022. "IFAD Research Series 73: Food systems and rural wellbeing: challenges and opportunities," IFAD Research Series 321943, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
  48. Rijkers, Bob & Costa, Rita, 2012. "Gender and Rural Non-Farm Entrepreneurship," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(12), pages 2411-2426.
  49. Atamanov, Aziz & Van den Berg, Marrit, 2012. "Determinants of the rural nonfarm economy in Tajikistan," MERIT Working Papers 2012-080, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
  50. Van den Broeck, Goedele & Kilic, Talip, 2019. "Dynamics of off-farm employment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A gender perspective," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 81-99.
  51. Musungu, Arnold L. & Kubik, Zaneta & Qaim, Matin, 2023. "Drought Shocks and Labor Reallocation in Rural Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia," Discussion Papers 338675, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF).
  52. Charles Peter Mgeni & Klaus Müller & Stefan Sieber, 2018. "Sunflower Value Chain Enhancements for the Rural Economy in Tanzania: A Village Computable General Equilibrium-CGE Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
  53. Lenis Saweda O Liverpool‐Tasie & Charuta M. Parkhi, 2021. "Climate Risk and Technology Adoption in the Midstream of Crop Value Chains: Evidence from Nigerian Maize Traders," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(1), pages 158-179, February.
  54. Windinkonté Séogo, 2022. "Preventing households from food insecurity in rural Burkina Faso: Does nonfarm income matter?," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(4), pages 1032-1047, October.
  55. Attahiru, Yusuf Babangida & Aziz, Md. Maniruzzaman A. & Kassim, Khairul Anuar & Shahid, Shamsuddin & Wan Abu Bakar, Wan Azelee & NSashruddin, Thanwa Filza & Rahman, Farahiyah Abdul & Ahamed, Mohd Imra, 2019. "A review on green economy and development of green roads and highways using carbon neutral materials," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 600-613.
  56. Ambler, Kate & Herskowitz, Sylvan & Maredia, Mywish K., 2021. "Rural Labor and Long Recall Loss," Staff Paper Series 316616, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
  57. Joshua D Merfeld, 2020. "Moving Up or Just Surviving? Nonfarm Self‐Employment in India," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 102(1), pages 32-53, January.
  58. Peter Brummund & Joshua D. Merfeld, 2022. "Should farmers farm more? Comparing marginal products within Malawian households," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 53(2), pages 289-306, March.
  59. He, Xiaoping, 2019. "China's electrification and rural labor: Analysis with fuzzy regression discontinuity," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 650-660.
  60. Shahidur R. Khandker & Gayatri B. Koolwal, 2016. "How has microcredit supported agriculture? Evidence using panel data from Bangladesh," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 47(2), pages 157-168, March.
  61. Saba, Saidatus & Sarker, Md. Abdur Rashid & Gow, Jeff, 2022. "Determinants of non-farm income diversification strategies and decisions of Bangladesh farm households," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 226-235.
  62. Huang, Jikun & Shi, Pengfei, 2023. "IFAD Research Series 90: Rural Transformation, Income Growth and Poverty Reduction by Province in China in the Past Four Decades," IFAD Research Series 335374, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
  63. Varun Kumar Das & A. Ganesh-Kumar, 2019. "Off-the-farm livelihood choice of farm households in India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2019-032, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
  64. Ecker, Olivier, 2018. "Agricultural transformation and food and nutrition security in Ghana: Does farm production diversity (still) matter for household dietary diversity?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 271-282.
  65. Charles B. Moss & Samba Mbaye & Anwar Naseem & James F. Oehmke, 2018. "Did the Plan Sénégal Emergent Affect Cropping Decisions in the Senegal River Basin?," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-17, July.
  66. Dorward, Andrew, 2013. "Agricultural labour productivity, food prices and sustainable development impacts and indicators," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 40-50.
  67. Adjognon, Serge G. & Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O. & Reardon, Thomas A., 2017. "Agricultural input credit in Sub-Saharan Africa: Telling myth from facts," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 93-105.
  68. Trung, Le Dang & Oostendorp, Remco H., 2017. "Regional Labor Market Integration, Shadow Wages and Poverty in Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 34-56.
  69. Diao, Xinshen & Magalhaes, Eduardo & Silver, Jed, 2019. "Cities and rural transformation: A spatial analysis of rural livelihoods in Ghana," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 141-157.
  70. Rachmat Mulia & Elisabeth Simelton & Tan Quang Nguyen & Magnus Jirström, 2021. "Non-Farm Activities and Impacts beyond the Economy of Rural Households in Vietnam: A Review and Link to Policies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-22, September.
  71. Gamel Abdul-Nasser Salifu, 2019. "The Political Economy Dynamics of Rural Household Income Diversification: A Review of the International Literature," Research in World Economy, Research in World Economy, Sciedu Press, vol. 10(3), pages 273-290, December.
  72. Jim Woodhill & Avinash Kishore & Jemimah Njuki & Kristal Jones & Saher Hasnain, 2022. "Food systems and rural wellbeing: challenges and opportunities," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 14(5), pages 1099-1121, October.
  73. Muhammad Amjed Iqbal & Muhammad Rizwan & Azhar Abbas & Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum & Rakhshanda Kousar & Muhammad Nazam & Abdus Samie & Nasir Nadeem, 2021. "A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
  74. Maolong Chen & Shurong Yao & Chaoran Hu & Songqing Jin, 2023. "Transfer or retain land development right: The role of China’s IDB programme in supporting inclusive urbanisation," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(13), pages 2651-2668, October.
  75. Jolliffe, Dean & Tetteh-Baah, Samuel Kofi, 2022. "Identifying the Poor – Accounting for Household Economies of Scale in Global Poverty Estimates," IZA Discussion Papers 15615, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  76. Poignant, Adrian, 2023. "Small-scale mining and agriculture: Evidence from northwestern Tanzania," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  77. Felkner, John S. & Lee, Hyun & Shaikh, Sabina & Kolata, Alan & Binford, Michael, 2022. "The interrelated impacts of credit access, market access and forest proximity on livelihood strategies in Cambodia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
  78. Jayne, Thomas S. & Chamberlin, Jordan & Traub, Lulama & Sitko, N. & Muyanga, Milu & Yeboah, Felix & Nkonde, Chewe & Anseeuw, Ward & Chapoto, Anthony & Kachule, Richard, 2015. "Africa's Changing Farmland Ownership: The Rise of the Emergent Investor Farmer," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 212028, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
  79. Van Den Broeck, G. & Kilic, T., 2018. "Dynamics of Off-farm Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 276988, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
  80. Bernardo Caldarola, 2022. "Structural change(s) in Ghana: A comparison between the trade, formal and informal sectors," LEM Papers Series 2022/36, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
  81. Omamo, S. W., 2016. "IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 6 - Why food and nutrition security matters for inclusive structural and rural transformation," IFAD Research Series 280044, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
  82. Eva‐Maria Egger & Aslihan Arslan & Emanuele Zucchini, 2022. "Does connectivity reduce gender gaps in off‐farm employment? Evidence from 12 low‐ and middle‐income countries," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(1), pages 197-218, March.
  83. Nilsson, Pia & Backman, Mikaela & Bjerke, Lina & Maniriho, Aristide, 2017. "One cow per poor family: effects on consumption and crop production in Rwanda," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 462, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
  84. Dev Narayan Sarkar & Kaushik Kundu & Himadri Roy Chaudhuri, 2016. "Developing a conceptual model of small independent retailers in developing economies: the roles of embeddedness and subsistence markets," AMS Review, Springer;Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 6(3), pages 176-193, December.
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  90. Owoo, Nkechi S. & Naudé, Wim, 2014. "Non-Farm Enterprise Productivity and Spatial Autocorrelation in Rural Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia and Nigeria," IZA Discussion Papers 8295, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  91. Kousar, Rakhshanda & Abdulai, Awudu, 2014. "Impact of non-farm work and land tenancy contracts on soil conservation measures," 88th Annual Conference, April 9-11, 2014, AgroParisTech, Paris, France 170522, Agricultural Economics Society.
  92. Anastasia R. Njiku & Ganka D. Nyamsogoro, 2018. "Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Sunflower Oil Processing Firms in Tanzania: One Stage Stochastic Frontier Approach," Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 5(1), pages 79-86.
  93. Mekonnen, Tigist, 2017. "Financing rural households and its impact: Evidence from randomized field experiment data," MERIT Working Papers 2017-009, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
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  95. Nagler, Paula & Naudé, Wim, 2014. "Labor Productivity in Rural African Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from the LSMS-ISA," IZA Discussion Papers 8524, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  96. Geyao Yang & Changchun Zhou & Jiekuan Zhang, 2023. "Does industry convergence between agriculture and related sectors alleviate rural poverty: evidence from China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 12887-12914, November.
  97. Adebayo Shittu, 2014. "Off-farm labour supply and production efficiency of farm household in rural Southwest Nigeria," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-21, December.
  98. M. J. Hossain & A. Debnath & M. F. Imam & M. A. Islam & F. Elahi, 2019. "Effects Of Non-Farm Income On Poverty And Inequality In Rural Bangladesh," Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, vol. 39(1&2), December.
  99. Varun Kumar Das, 2018. "Looking Beyond the Farm and Household: Determinants of On-farm Diversification in India," Working Papers id:12945, eSocialSciences.
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  101. Edmond Totin & Alcade C. Segnon & Marc Schut & Hippolyte Affognon & Robert B. Zougmoré & Todd Rosenstock & Philip K. Thornton, 2018. "Institutional Perspectives of Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-20, June.
  102. Imai, Katsushi S. & Gaiha, Raghav & Thapa, Ganesh, 2015. "Does non-farm sector employment reduce rural poverty and vulnerability? Evidence from Vietnam and India," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 47-61.
  103. Jayne, T.S. & Chamberlin, Jordan & Headey, Derek D., 2014. "Land pressures, the evolution of farming systems, and development strategies in Africa: A synthesis," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 1-17.
  104. Dzanku, Fred Mawunyo, 2018. "The gender and geography of rural off-farm employment and input intensification in five sub-Saharan African countries," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 37-51.
  105. Zhipeng Huang & Yan Zhang & Yi Huang & Gang Xu & Shengping Shang, 2022. "Sales Scale, Non-Pastoral Employment and Herders’ Technology Adoption: Evidence from Pastoral China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-13, July.
  106. Purushotham, Anjali & Steinhübel, Linda, 2021. "You Eat What You Work – Livelihood Strategies and Nutrition in the Rural-Urban Interface," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315247, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
  107. Rahwa Kidane & Martin Prowse & Andreas Neergaard, 2019. "Bespoke Adaptation in Rural Africa? An Asset-Based Approach from Southern Ethiopia," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 31(3), pages 413-432, July.
  108. Kiros Tsegay & Hongzhong Fan & AM Priyangani Adikari & Hailay Shifare, 2021. "Does gender matter for household livelihood diversification in Ethiopia rural areas?," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(6), pages 221-232, September.
  109. Nagler,Paula & Naude, Wim & Nagler,Paula & Naude, Wim, 2014. "Non-farm enterprises in rural Africa : new empirical evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7066, The World Bank.
  110. Xuanzhi Liu & Fusheng Zeng, 2022. "Poverty Reduction in China: Does the Agricultural Products Circulation Infrastructure Matter in Rural and Urban Areas?," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, August.
  111. Tingting Li & Hualou Long & Shuangshuang Tu & Yanfei Wang, 2015. "Analysis of Income Inequality Based on Income Mobility for Poverty Alleviation in Rural China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-17, December.
  112. Nandika S. Kumanayake & Jonna P. Estudillo & Keijiro Otsuka, 2014. "Changing Sources of Household Income, Poverty, and Sectoral Inequality in Sri Lanka, 1990–2006," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 52(1), pages 26-51, March.
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