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Climate change adaptation in Ethiopia: to what extent does social protection influence livelihood diversification?

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  • Prowse, Martin
  • Weldegebriel, Zerihune Berhane

Abstract

Ethiopia is vulnerable to climate change due to its limited development and dependence on agriculture. Social protection schemes like the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) can play a positive role in promoting livelihoods and enhancing households’ risk management. This article examines the impact of the PSNP by using Propensity Score Matching to estimate the effect on income diversification. The results show receiving transfers from the PSNP, on average, increases natural resource extraction (one component of off-farm income). While these results should be treated with caution, they suggest the PSNP may not be helping smallholders diversify income sources in a positive manner for climate adaptation. The article concludes by arguing for further investigation of the PSNP’s influence on smallholders’ adaptation strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Prowse, Martin & Weldegebriel, Zerihune Berhane, 2012. "Climate change adaptation in Ethiopia: to what extent does social protection influence livelihood diversification?," IOB Working Papers 2012.11, Universiteit Antwerpen, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).
    • Handle: RePEc:iob:wpaper:2012011
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    2. Adan Guyo Shibia, 2024. "Households’ coping mechanisms with droughts and floods using finance, non-finance and the social safety net measures: evidence from Kenya," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 22237-22259, September.
    3. repec:fpr:2020cp:4(4 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Tagel Gebrehiwot & Carolina Castilla, 2018. "Do safety net transfers improve household diets and reduce undernutrition? Evidence from rural Ethiopia," Working Papers PMMA 2018-03, PEP-PMMA.
    5. Mersha, Azeb Assefa & van Laerhoven, Frank, 2018. "The interplay between planned and autonomous adaptation in response to climate change: Insights from rural Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 87-97.
    6. Scognamillo, Antonio & Mastrorillo, Marina & Ignaciuk, Adriana, 2024. "One for all and all for one: Increasing the adaptive capacity of households and communities through a public work programme," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    7. Tenzing, Janna & Conway, Declan, 2023. "Does the geographical footprint of Ethiopia’s flagship social protection programme align with climatic and conflict risks?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 120563, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Sarker, Md Nazirul Islam & Wu, Min & Alam, GM Monirul & Shouse, Roger C, 2020. "Livelihood diversification in rural Bangladesh: Patterns and determinants in disaster prone riverine islands," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    9. Thi Dieu Linh Nguyen & Bart Defloor & Stijn Speelman & Brent Bleys, 2024. "Does Adaptation to Saltwater Intrusion Improve the Livelihoods of Farmers? Evidence for the Central Coastal Region of Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-23, July.
    10. Mekonnen Bekele & Mintewab Bezabih & Hailu Elias & Peter Fisker & Tagel Gebrehiwot & Tadesse Kuma & Tseday Mekasha & Alemu Mekonnen & Finn Tarp & Hailemaraim Teklewold, 2025. "Building Resilience to Climate Change in Ethiopia. What do we know so far?," DERG working paper series 20-01, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. Development Economics Research Group (DERG).
    11. Aleksandrova, Mariya, 2019. "Social protection as a tool to address slow onset climate events: Emerging issues for research and policy," IDOS Discussion Papers 16/2019, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    12. Janna D. Tenzing, 2020. "Integrating social protection and climate change adaptation: A review," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(2), March.
    13. Oyinlola Rafiat Ogunpaimo & Zainab Oyetunde-Usman & Jolaosho Surajudeen, 2021. "Impact of Climate Change Adaptation on Household Food Security in Nigeria—A Difference-in-Difference Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, January.

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