IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/r/aea/apandp/v108y2018p43-47.html

What Can Machines Learn, and What Does It Mean for Occupations and the Economy?

Citations

Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
as


Cited by:

  1. Dietlmeier, Simon Frederic, 2024. "Industrial Policy for Emerging Technologies: The Case of Narrow AI and the Manufacturing Value Chain as Blueprint for the Industrial Metaverse," MPRA Paper 121183, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  2. Aleksandra Parteka, 2025. "Trade Specialisation in Products Embedding Automation Technologies: Cross-Country Evidence and the Case of Poland," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 47-67.
  3. Ayoubi, Charles, 2020. "Machine learning in healthcare: Mirage or miracle for breaking the costs dead-lock?," Thesis Commons tc24d, Center for Open Science.
  4. Tiare Rivera, 2019. "Efectos de la automatización en el empleo en Chile," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, vol. 34(1), pages 3-49, April.
  5. Guarascio, Dario & Reljic, Jelena & Stöllinger, Roman, 2025. "Diverging paths: AI exposure and employment across European regions," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 11-24.
  6. Tang, Haodan & Liang, Jiaxuan & Fang, Senhui, 2024. "The innovation effect of digital M&As: Evidence from China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  7. Gao, Jie & Li, Zhizhuo & Nguyen, Thithuha & Zhang, Wentao, 2025. "Digital transformation and enterprise employment," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  8. Nayyar, Gaurav & Pleninger, Regina & Vorisek, Dana & Yu, Shu, 2024. "Digitalization and Inclusive Growth : A Review of the Evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10941, The World Bank.
  9. Fernando Martinez-Plumed & Emilia Gomez Gutierrez & Jose Hernandez-Orallo, 2020. "AI Watch Assessing Technology Readiness Levels for Artificial Intelligence," JRC Research Reports JRC122014, Joint Research Centre.
  10. Garcia-Couto, Santiago, 2025. "Cognitive Dominance in U.S. Labor Markets: Harmonizing Task Intensities, 1980–2014," SocArXiv bcyk6_v1, Center for Open Science.
  11. Igna, Ioana & Venturini, Francesco, 2023. "The determinants of AI innovation across European firms," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(2).
  12. Prashant Garg & Tommaso Crosta & Jasmin Baier, 2026. "Global Automation Atlas," Papers 2605.17086, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2026.
  13. Jasmine Mondolo, 2022. "The composite link between technological change and employment: A survey of the literature," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 1027-1068, September.
  14. Christophe Combemale & Kate S Whitefoot & Laurence Ales & Erica R H Fuchs, 2021. "Not all technological change is equal: how the separability of tasks mediates the effect of technology change on skill demand [Patterns of industrial innovation]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 30(6), pages 1361-1387.
  15. Nikolova, Milena & Cnossen, Femke & Nikolaev, Boris, 2024. "Robots, meaning, and self-determination," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(5).
  16. Genz, Sabrina & Gregory, Terry & Janser, Markus & Lehmer, Florian & Matthes, Britta, 2021. "How do workers adjust when firms adopt new technologies?," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-073, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  17. Hang, Leiming & Lu, Wei & Ge, Xiaowei & Ye, Bin & Zhao, Zhiqi & Cheng, Fangfang, 2024. "R&D innovation, industrial evolution and the labor skill structure in China manufacturing," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
  18. Andrew J. Peterson, 2025. "Training for Obsolescence? The AI-Driven Education Trap," Papers 2508.19625, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2025.
  19. Prasanna B. Tambe, 2026. "Reskilling the Workforce for AI: Domain Expertise and Algorithmic Literacy," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(1), pages 515-537, January.
  20. Tomáš Oleš, 2026. "In-demand skills: a shield against automation—evidence from online job vacancies," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 60(1), pages 1-56, December.
  21. Ehsan Valavi & Joel Hestness & Newsha Ardalani & Marco Iansiti, 2022. "Time and the Value of Data," Papers 2203.09118, arXiv.org.
  22. Bachmann, Ronald & Gonschor, Myrielle & Milasi, Santo & Mitra, Alessio, 2023. "Technological progress and the dynamics of self-employment: Worker-level evidence for Europe," Ruhr Economic Papers 1023, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  23. Daniel Susskind, 2019. "Re-thinking the capabilities of technology in economics," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(1), pages 280-288.
  24. Allen, Ryan T. & Choudhury, Prithwiraj, 2021. "Algorithm-augmented work and domain experience: the countervailing forces of ability and aversion," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 128784, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  25. Viollaz, Mariana & Laguinge, Luis & Moroz, Harry, 2025. "The Impact of Technology on Migration to the United States from Central America and the Dominican Republic," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11251, The World Bank.
  26. Fabio Montobbio & Jacopo Staccioli & Maria Enrica Virgillito & Marco Vivarelli, 2021. "Labour-saving automation and occupational exposure: a text-similarity measure," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Politica Economica dipe0021, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
  27. Andrea Szalavetz, 2019. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Development Strategy in Dependent Market Economies - Any Room amidst Big Power Rivalry?," Central European Business Review, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2019(4), pages 40-54.
  28. Jacob Dominski & Yong Suk Lee, 2025. "Advancing AI Capabilities and Evolving Labor Outcomes," Papers 2507.08244, arXiv.org.
  29. Jacob Schaal, 2025. "A theory-based AI automation exposure index: Applying Moravec's Paradox to the US labor market," Papers 2510.13369, arXiv.org.
  30. repec:osf:socarx:rxkg2_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  31. Seamus McGuinness & Konstantinos Pouliakas & Paul Redmond, 2023. "Skills-displacing technological change and its impact on jobs: challenging technological alarmism?," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 370-392, April.
  32. Mario Benassi & Elena Grinza & Francesco Rentocchini, 2020. "The rush for patents in the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 47(4), pages 559-588, December.
  33. Genz, Sabrina & Schnabel, Claus, 2021. "Digging into the Digital Divide: Workers' Exposure to Digitalization and Its Consequences for Individual Employment," IZA Discussion Papers 14649, IZA Network @ LISER.
  34. Stefania Albanesi & António Dias da Silva & Juan F Jimeno & Ana Lamo & Alena Wabitsch, 2025. "New technologies and jobs in Europe," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 40(121), pages 71-139.
  35. Scholl, Keller & Hanson, Robin, 2020. "Testing the automation revolution hypothesis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
  36. Nils Arne Bakke & Jens Barland, 2022. "Disruptive Innovations and Paradigm Shifts in Journalism as a Business: From Advertisers First to Readers First and Traditional Operational Models to the AI Factory," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, April.
  37. Flavio Calvino & Chiara Criscuolo & Luca Fontanelli & Lionel Nesta & Elena Verdolini, 2024. "The role of human capital for AI adoption: Evidence from French firms," CEP Discussion Papers dp2055, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
  38. Gmyrek, Pawel, & Viollaz, Mariana, & Winkler, Hernan,, 2026. "Disruption without dividend? how the digital divide and task differences split GenAI’s global impact," ILO Working Papers 995694369002676, International Labour Organization.
  39. Ali Sina Önder & Sascha Schweitzer & Olga Tcaci, 2024. "Innovation and Regional Development: The Impact of Patenting on Labor Market Outcomes," Working Papers in Economics & Finance 2024-07, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth Business School, Economics and Finance Subject Group.
  40. Songul Tolan & Annarosa Pesole & Fernando Martinez-Plumed & Enrique Fernandez-Macias & José Hernandez-Orallo & Emilia Gomez, 2020. "Measuring the Occupational Impact of AI: Tasks, Cognitive Abilities and AI Benchmarks," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology 2020-02, Joint Research Centre.
  41. Raphael Auer & David Köpfer & Josef Sveda, 2024. "The rise of generative AI: modelling exposure, substitution and inequality effects on the US labour market," BIS Working Papers 1207, Bank for International Settlements.
  42. Drake Mullens & Stella Shen, 2025. "2ACT: AI-Accentuated Career Transitions via Skill Bridges," Papers 2505.07914, arXiv.org.
  43. Nicolaj S{o}ndergaard Muhlbach, 2021. "occ2vec: A principal approach to representing occupations using natural language processing," Papers 2111.02528, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2022.
  44. Gardberg, Malin & Heyman, Fredrik & Norbäck, Pehr-Johan & Persson, Lars, 2020. "Digitization-based automation and occupational dynamics," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  45. Jens Prüfer & Patricia Prüfer, 2020. "Data science for entrepreneurship research: studying demand dynamics for entrepreneurial skills in the Netherlands," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 651-672, October.
  46. Liu, Yeshen & Wang, Beibei & Song, Zhe, 2025. "Promoting or inhibiting: The impact of artificial intelligence application on corporate environmental performance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
  47. Wensu Li & Atin Aboutorabi & Harry Lyu & Kaizhi Qian & Martin Fleming & Brian C. Goehring & Neil Thompson, 2026. "Economics of Human and AI Collaboration: When is Partial Automation More Attractive than Full Automation?," Papers 2603.29121, arXiv.org.
  48. Sara Amoroso & Dario Diodato & Bronwyn H. Hall & Pietro Moncada-Paternò-Castello, 2023. "Technological relatedness and industrial transformation:," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 469-475, April.
  49. Casas Pablo & Fernandez Macias Enrique & Martinez Plumed Fernando & Gomez Emilia & Gonzalez Vazquez Ignacio & Salotti Simone, 2026. "Revisiting the occupational impact of AI in the generative AI era," JRC Working Papers on Labour, Education and Technology 2026-02, Joint Research Centre.
  50. Corrales‑Herrero, Helena & Rodriguez-Prado, Beatriz, 2022. "Mapping the Occupations of Recent Graduates. The Role of Academic Background in the Digital Era," MPRA Paper 123226, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 06 Aug 2024.
  51. Maydell, Richard & Firth, John, 2025. "Tilting the Race Between Humans and AI: The Role of Education and Unemployment Policies," VfS Annual Conference 2025 (Cologne): Revival of Industrial Policy 325460, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  52. Andrew Weaver, 2021. "Hiring Frictions in a Regulated Occupation: Evidence from US Laboratories," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 59(3), pages 899-927, September.
  53. Julian Jacobs & Jordan Canedy, 2026. "Did US Worker Retraining Reduce Participant Automation Exposure?," Papers 2605.03767, arXiv.org.
  54. Lucrezia Fanti & Dario Guarascio & Massimo Moggi, 2020. "The development of AI and its impact on business models, organization and work," LEM Papers Series 2020/25, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
  55. Lucrezia Fanti & Dario Guarascio & Massimo Moggi, 2022. "From Heron of Alexandria to Amazon’s Alexa: a stylized history of AI and its impact on business models, organization and work," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 49(3), pages 409-440, September.
  56. Erdem Dogukan Yilmaz & Christian Peukert, 2024. "Who Benefits from AI? Project-Level Evidence on Labor Demand, Operations and Profitability," CESifo Working Paper Series 11321, CESifo.
  57. Michèle Belot & Bart K. de Koning & Didier Fouarge & Philipp Kircher & Paul Muller & Sandra Phlippen, 2025. "Advising Job Seekers in Occupations with Poor Prospects: A Field Experiment," NBER Working Papers 33819, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  58. repec:ces:ceswps:_12072 is not listed on IDEAS
  59. Fontanelli, Luca & Guerini, Mattia & Miniaci, Raffaele & Secchi, Angelo, 2025. "Predictive AI and productivity growth dynamics: Evidence from French firms," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
  60. Edward Felten & Manav Raj & Robert Seamans, 2021. "Occupational, industry, and geographic exposure to artificial intelligence: A novel dataset and its potential uses," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(12), pages 2195-2217, December.
  61. Choi, Taelim & Leigh, Nancey Green, 2024. "Artificial intelligence's creation and displacement of labor demand," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
  62. Qin Chen & Jinfeng Ge & Huaqing Xie & Xingcheng Xu & Yanqing Yang, 2023. "Large Language Models at Work in China's Labor Market," Papers 2308.08776, arXiv.org, revised May 2025.
  63. Grabe, Leonhard & Sliwka, Dirk, 2025. "Managing Skills in Organizations - Evidence from a Field Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers 17727, IZA Network @ LISER.
  64. Antonio Minniti & Klaus Prettner & Francesco Venturini, 2024. "Unslicing the pie: AI innovation and the labor share in European regions," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp369, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
  65. Andrew Johnston & Christos A. Makridis, 2026. "AI, Output, and Employment," CESifo Working Paper Series 12579, CESifo.
  66. Grimm, Felix & Gathmann, Christina, 2022. "The Diffusion of Digital Technologies and its Consequences in the Labor Market," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264087, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  67. Su, Chi-Wei & Yuan, Xi & Umar, Muhammad & Lobonţ, Oana-Ramona, 2022. "Does technological innovation bring destruction or creation to the labor market?," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  68. Fabio Montobbio & Jacopo Staccioli & Maria Enrica Virgillito & Marco Vivarelli, 2024. "The empirics of technology, employment and occupations: Lessons learned and challenges ahead," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(5), pages 1622-1655, December.
  69. Özkiziltan, Didem & Landini, Fabio, 2025. "Trustworthy and human-centric? The new governance of workplace AI technologies under the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 31(4), pages 503-517.
  70. Kristina McElheran & J. Frank Li & Erik Brynjolfsson & Zachary Kroff & Emin Dinlersoz & Lucia Foster & Nikolas Zolas, 2024. "AI adoption in America: Who, what, and where," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 375-415, March.
  71. Sam Manning & Tomás Aguirre, 2026. "How Adaptable Are American Workers to AI-Induced Job Displacement?," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Transformative AI, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  72. Kroeger Thilo & Schaffranka Claudia & Schnitzer Monika, 2025. "Structural Change in Germany: Challenges for Growth and Productivity," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Sciendo, vol. 60(5), pages 290-296.
  73. John Chung & Yong Suk Lee, 2023. "The Evolving Impact of Robots on Jobs," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 76(2), pages 290-319, March.
  74. Tabellini, Marco & Faber, Marius & Sarto, Andres, 2021. "Local Shocks and Internal Migration: The Disparate Effects of Robots and Chinese Imports in the US," CEPR Discussion Papers 16460, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  75. Xueling Li & Xiaoyan Zhang & Yuan Liu & Yuanying Mi & Yong Chen, 2022. "The impact of artificial intelligence on users' entrepreneurial activities," Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 597-608, May.
  76. Plümpe Verena & Stegmaier Jens, 2023. "Micro Data on Robots from the IAB Establishment Panel," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 243(3-4), pages 397-413, June.
  77. Cao, Sean & Jiang, Wei & Wang, Junbo & Yang, Baozhong, 2024. "From Man vs. Machine to Man + Machine: The art and AI of stock analyses," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  78. Andreas Irmen, 2021. "Automation, growth, and factor shares in the era of population aging," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 415-453, December.
  79. Benítez, Miguel & Parrado, Eric, 2024. "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Which Jobs Will AI Replace After All?: A New Index of Occupational Exposure," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13696, Inter-American Development Bank.
  80. David Autor & Caroline Chin & Anna Salomons & Bryan Seegmiller, 2024. "New Frontiers: The Origins and Content of New Work, 1940–2018," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 139(3), pages 1399-1465.
  81. Maury Gittleman & Kristen Monaco, 2020. "Truck-Driving Jobs: Are They Headed for Rapid Elimination?," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 73(1), pages 3-24, January.
  82. Montobbio, F. & Staccioli, J. & Virgillito, M.E. & Vivarelli, Marco, 2022. "The empirics of technology, employment and occupations," MERIT Working Papers 2022-037, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
  83. Daron Acemoglu & David Autor & Jonathon Hazell & Pascual Restrepo, 2020. "AI and Jobs: Evidence from Online Vacancies," NBER Working Papers 28257, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  84. Mariya Brussevich & Ms. Era Dabla-Norris & Salma Khalid, 2019. "Is Technology Widening the Gender Gap? Automation and the Future of Female Employment," IMF Working Papers 2019/091, International Monetary Fund.
  85. Gangdong Peng & Minchun Han & Hankun Yuan, 2024. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Artificial Intelligence Drives the Coordinated Development of Green Finance and the Real Economy: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Provincial Level," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 10257-10295, September.
  86. Dario Guarascio & Jelena Reljic & Roman Stöllinger, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence and Employment: A Look into the Crystal Ball," CIMEO Working Paper Series 174, Centre for Investigation and Modelling of Experimental Observations (CIMEO).
  87. R. Maria del Rio-Chanona & Ekkehard Ernst & Rossana Merola & Daniel Samaan & Ole Teutloff, 2025. "AI and jobs. A review of theory, estimates, and evidence," Papers 2509.15265, arXiv.org.
  88. Laura Abrardi & Carlo Cambini & Laura Rondi, 2022. "Artificial intelligence, firms and consumer behavior: A survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 969-991, September.
  89. Cristian DOGAR & Carmen Mihaela SCORTE, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence And Jobs’ Future Prospects In Accounting And Financial Auditing," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 32(1), pages 403-416, July.
  90. Fabian Stephany & Ole Teutloff & Angelo Leone, 2026. "AI Skills Improve Job Prospects: Causal Evidence from a Hiring Experiment," Papers 2601.13286, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2026.
  91. Pawel Gmyrek & Janine Berg & David Bescond, 2025. "Generative AI and Jobs: An Analysis of Potential Effects on Global Employment," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 6-30.
  92. Heluo, Yuxi & Fabel, Oliver, 2024. "Job computerization, occupational employment and wages: A comparative study of the United States, Germany, and Japan," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
  93. Omar R. Malik, 2025. "The emerging AI 'revolution tranquille' in America," Papers 2505.14721, arXiv.org.
  94. Enrico Maria Fenoaltea & Dario Mazzilli & Aurelio Patelli & Angelica Sbardella & Andrea Tacchella & Andrea Zaccaria & Marco Trombetti & Luciano Pietronero, 2024. "Follow the money: a startup-based measure of AI exposure across occupations, industries and regions," Papers 2412.04924, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2024.
  95. Ludovic DIOSZEGI, 2025. "Romania’S Labour Market Exposure To Ai," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 34(2), pages 188-201, December.
  96. Alessandra Bonfiglioli & Rosario Crinò & Gino Gancia & Ioannis Papadakis, 2025. "Artificial intelligence and jobs: evidence from US commuting zones," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 40(121), pages 145-194.
  97. Arntz, Melanie & Genz, Sabrina & Gregory, Terry & Lehmer, Florian & Zierahn-Weilage, Ulrich, 2024. "De-routinization in the fourth industrial revolution: Firm-level evidence," ZEW Discussion Papers 24-005, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  98. Tyna Eloundou & Sam Manning & Pamela Mishkin & Daniel Rock, 2023. "GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models," Papers 2303.10130, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2023.
  99. Wei, Xiahai & Xu, Jiawei & Cao, Hui, 2024. "Production automation upgrades and the mystery of workers' overwork: Evidence from a manufacturing employer-employee matching survey in China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  100. Christos Makridis & Christos A. Makridis, 2025. "The Labor Market Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Artists," CESifo Working Paper Series 12368, CESifo.
  101. Hensvik, Lena & Skans, Oskar Nordström, 2023. "The skill-specific impact of past and projected occupational decline," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  102. Alekseeva, Liudmila & Azar, José & Giné, Mireia & Samila, Sampsa & Taska, Bledi, 2021. "The demand for AI skills in the labor market," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  103. Meng, Ting & Yang, Yuqi & Xie, E. & Xie, Yuxiang, 2025. "The dual effects of digitization: An enterprise perspective," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  104. Shiguang Li & Yixiang Tian, 2023. "How Does Digital Transformation Affect Total Factor Productivity: Firm-Level Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, June.
  105. Jalal Moustakim & Mohammed Baaddi, 2025. "Digital Literacy In Electronic Banking: A Key To Employee Well-Being [La Littératie Numérique dans la Banque Électronique : Un Levier Essentiel du Bien-Être des Employés]," Post-Print hal-05078258, HAL.
  106. Maria URSU & Ludovic DIOSZEGI, 2025. "Objective Vs. Subjective Measures Of Occupational Ai Exposure: A Comparative Analytical Approach," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 34(2), pages 217-227, December.
  107. Aubry, Mathieu & Kräussl, Roman & Manso, Gustavo & Spaenjers, Christophe, 2019. "Machine learning, human experts, and the valuation of real assets," CFS Working Paper Series 635, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
  108. Seifried, Mareike, 2021. "Transitions from offline to online labor markets: The relationship between freelancers' prior offline and online work experience," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-101, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  109. Matheus E. Leusin & Bjoern Jindra & Daniel S. Hain, 2021. "An evolutionary view on the emergence of Artificial Intelligence," Papers 2102.00233, arXiv.org.
  110. Wang, Huijuan & Ding, Lin & Guan, Rong & Xia, Yan, 2020. "Effects of advancing internet technology on Chinese employment: a spatial study of inter-industry spillovers," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
  111. Sohn, Seuk Min, 2025. "Effortlessness as the measurement of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and innovation: Towards the theory of relative AI," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  112. Oschinski, Matthias, 2023. "Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Germany's Labor Market: Insights from a ChatGPT Analysis," MPRA Paper 118300, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  113. Xiaowei Dong & Luyuan Jiang & Wanlu Li & Chen Chen & Yuqing Gan & Jingtian Xia & Xin Qin, 2025. "Let’s Talk about AI: Talking about AI is Positively Associated with AI Crafting," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 1453-1484, September.
  114. Ivanov, Boris, 2023. "Changes in Occupational Tasks and the Costs of Job Loss," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277669, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  115. Guillermo Cruces & Verónica Amarante & Estefanía Lotitto, 2024. "Generative Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for Labor Markets in Developing Countries: A Review Essay," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0343, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  116. Nicole Nestoriak & David H. Oh, 2026. "Work from Home: A Task-Based Perspective," NBER Chapters, in: The Changing Nature of Work, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  117. Lehr, Nils H. & Restrepo, Pascual, 2026. "The price of intelligence: How should socially-minded firms price and deploy AI?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  118. Osama D. Sweidan, 2025. "The Effect of Information Technology on the Unemployment Rate: Evidence From the United States Economy," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, October.
  119. Yang, Chih-Hai, 2022. "How Artificial Intelligence Technology Affects Productivity and Employment: Firm-level Evidence from Taiwan," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(6).
  120. Christina Gathmann & Felix Grimm & Erwin Winkler, 2024. "AI, Task Changes in Jobs, and Worker Reallocation," CESifo Working Paper Series 11585, CESifo.
  121. Zhang, Xinchun & Sun, Murong & Liu, Jianxu & Xu, Aijia, 2024. "The nexus between industrial robot and employment in China: The effects of technology substitution and technology creation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
  122. Ed Felten & Manav Raj & Robert Seamans, 2023. "How will Language Modelers like ChatGPT Affect Occupations and Industries?," Papers 2303.01157, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
  123. Wafa’a Ta’an & Sadeq Damrah & Mohammed M Al-Hammouri & Brett Williams, 2025. "Professional identity and its relationships with AI readiness and interprofessional collaboration," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(5), pages 1-11, May.
  124. Kiran Tomlinson & Sonia Jaffe & Will Wang & Scott Counts & Siddharth Suri, 2025. "Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations," Papers 2507.07935, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2025.
  125. Hunt, Wil & Sarkar, Sudipa & Warhurst, Chris, 2022. "Measuring the impact of AI on jobs at the organization level: Lessons from a survey of UK business leaders," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(2).
  126. Anuraag Singh & Giorgio Triulzi & Christopher L. Magee, 2020. "Technological improvement rate estimates for all technologies: Use of patent data and an extended domain description," Papers 2004.13919, arXiv.org.
  127. Harry Moroz & Mariana Viollaz, 2024. "The Future of Work in Central America and the Dominican Republic," World Bank Publications - Reports 42043, The World Bank Group.
  128. Francesco Carbonero & Jeremy Davies & Ekkehard Ernst & Frank M. Fossen & Daniel Samaan & Alina Sorgner, 2023. "The impact of artificial intelligence on labor markets in developing countries: a new method with an illustration for Lao PDR and urban Viet Nam," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 33(3), pages 707-736, July.
  129. George Amoako & Paul Omari & Desmond K. Kumi & George Cudjoe Agbemabiase & George Asamoah, 2021. "Conceptual Framework—Artificial Intelligence and Better Entrepreneurial Decision-Making: The Influence of Customer Preference, Industry Benchmark, and Employee Involvement in an Emerging Market," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, December.
  130. Morgan R. Frank, 2023. "Brief for the Canada House of Commons Study on the Implications of Artificial Intelligence Technologies for the Canadian Labor Force: Generative Artificial Intelligence Shatters Models of AI and Labor," Papers 2311.03595, arXiv.org.
  131. Didem Özkiziltan & Fabio Landini, 2025. "Trustworthy and human-centric? The new governance of workplace AI technologies under the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 31(4), pages 503-517, November.
  132. Tingli Wu & Wei Shao, 2022. "How does digital economy drive industrial structure upgrading: An empirical study based on 249 prefecture-level cities in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(11), pages 1-16, November.
  133. Makridis, Christos A. & Han, Joo Hun, 2021. "Future of work and employee empowerment and satisfaction: Evidence from a decade of technological change," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
  134. Huseynov, Samir, 2025. "ChatGPT and the labor market: Unraveling the effect of AI discussions on students’ earning expectations," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
  135. Gordon H. Hanson, 2021. "Immigration and Regional Specialization in AI," NBER Working Papers 28671, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  136. Fossen, Frank M. & Sorgner, Alina, 2021. "Digitalization of work and entry into entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 548-563.
  137. Duran Vanegas, Juan & Tuda, Dora, 2025. "The impact of AI exposure on labour market outcomes and well-being: Evidence from Australia," Papers WP808, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
  138. Anna V. Tikhonova, 2023. "Development of Tax Incentives for Investments in Human Capital," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 1, pages 116-133, February.
  139. Bertin Martens & Songul Tolan, 2018. "Will this time be different? A review of the literature on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment, Incomes and Growth," JRC Working Papers on Digital Economy 2018-08, Joint Research Centre.
  140. Aksoy, Cevat Giray & Özcan, Berkay & Philipp, Julia, 2021. "Robots and the gender pay gap in Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  141. Ruyu Chen & Natarajan Balasubramanian & Chris Forman, 2024. "How does worker mobility affect business adoption of a new technology? The case of machine learning," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(8), pages 1510-1538, August.
  142. Jeffrey L. Furman & Florenta Teodoridis, 2020. "Automation, Research Technology, and Researchers’ Trajectories: Evidence from Computer Science and Electrical Engineering," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(2), pages 330-354, March.
  143. Fossen, Frank M. & Sorgner, Alina, 2019. "New Digital Technologies and Heterogeneous Employment and Wage Dynamics in the United States: Evidence from Individual-Level Data," IZA Discussion Papers 12242, IZA Network @ LISER.
  144. Jason Furman & Robert Seamans, 2019. "AI and the Economy," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 19(1), pages 161-191.
  145. Su, Zhi & Zhao, Chen & Li, Ying & Sun, Zhimeng, 2025. "Equity diversification as a catalyst for Artificial Intelligence innovation: Evidence from Chinese state-owned enterprises," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(PA).
  146. Fossen, Frank M. & Sorgner, Alina, 2022. "New digital technologies and heterogeneous wage and employment dynamics in the United States: Evidence from individual-level data," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  147. Pablo Casas & Concepción Román, 2024. "The impact of artificial intelligence in the early retirement decision," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 51(3), pages 583-618, August.
  148. Innocenti, Stefania & Golin, Marta, 2022. "Human capital investment and perceived automation risks: Evidence from 16 countries," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 27-41.
  149. Maha Kalai & Hamdi Becha & Kamel Helali, 2024. "Effect of artificial intelligence on economic growth in European countries: a symmetric and asymmetric cointegration based on linear and non-linear ARDL approach," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 13(1), pages 1-37, December.
  150. Jozef Konings & Aaron Putseys, 2026. "The impact of on-the-job training subsidies on firm-level outcomes: evidence from Flemish SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 977-1003, March.
  151. Piyachart Phiromswad & Sabin Srivannaboon & Pattarake Sarajoti, 2022. "The interaction effects of automation and population aging on labor market," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-16, February.
  152. Jetha, Arif & Liao, Qing & Shahidi, Faraz Vahid & Vu, Viet & Biswas, Aviroop & Smith, Brendan & Smith, Peter, 2025. "Machine learning and the labor market: A portrait of occupational and worker inequities in Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
  153. Chen, Xiaoxiao & Yang, Jiayi & Wu, Bo, 2025. "How is artificial intelligence shaping the labor demand of firms? ——evidence from text-mining analysis of listed companies," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(10).
  154. Christenko, Aleksandr, 2022. "Automation and occupational mobility: A task and knowledge-based approach," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
  155. Frank M. Fossen & Trevor McLemore & Alina Sorgner, 2024. "Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 20(8), pages 781-904, December.
  156. Pablo Casas & Jos㉠L. Torres, 2026. "Automation, Taxation, and Social Security Sustainability," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 256(1), pages 69-104, March.
  157. Aaron Chatterji & Daniel Rock & Eduard Talamas, 2025. "Transformative AI and Firms," NBER Chapters, in: The Economics of Transformative AI, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  158. Akter, Shahriar & Hossain, Md Afnan & Sajib, Shahriar & Sultana, Saida & Rahman, Mahfuzur & Vrontis, Demetris & McCarthy, Grace, 2023. "A framework for AI-powered service innovation capability: Review and agenda for future research," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  159. Pelin Ozgul & Marie-Christine Fregin & Michael Stops & Simon Janssen & Mark Levels, 2024. "High-skilled Human Workers in Non-Routine Jobs are Susceptible to AI Automation but Wage Benefits Differ between Occupations," Papers 2404.06472, arXiv.org.
  160. repec:osf:socarx:9a45d_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  161. Cathy & Yang & Kevin Bauer & Xitong Li & Oliver Hinz, 2025. "My Advisor, Her AI and Me: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Human-AI Collaboration and Investment Decisions," Papers 2506.03707, arXiv.org.
  162. Parteka, Aleksandra & Wolszczak-Derlacz, Joanna & Nikulin, Dagmara, 2024. "How digital technology affects working conditions in globally fragmented production chains: Evidence from Europe," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
  163. Antonio Dalla Zuanna & Davide Dottori & Elena Gentili & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2024. "An assessment of occupational exposure to artificial intelligence in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 878, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  164. Hui Tian & Jiaqi Qin & Chaoyin Cheng & Sohail Ahmad Javeed & Tiansi Chu, 2024. "Towards low‐carbon sustainable development under Industry 4.0: The influence of industrial intelligence on China's carbon mitigation," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(1), pages 455-480, February.
  165. repec:osf:thesis:tc24d_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  166. Lapo Santarlasci & Armando Rungi & Loredana Fattorini & Nestor Maslej, 2025. "Owning the Intelligence: Global AI Patents Landscape and Europe's Quest for Technological Sovereignty," Papers 2512.19569, arXiv.org.
  167. Seth G. Benzell & Erik Brynjolfsson, 2019. "Digital Abundance and Scarce Genius: Implications for Wages, Interest Rates, and Growth," NBER Working Papers 25585, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  168. Tania Babina & Anastassia Fedyk & Alex He & James Hodson, 2023. "Firm Investments in Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Changes in Workforce Composition," NBER Chapters, in: Technology, Productivity, and Economic Growth, pages 75-117, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  169. Chen, Qin & Ge, Jinfeng & Xie, Huaqing & Xu, Xingcheng & Yang, Yanqing, 2025. "Large language models at work in China’s labor market," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  170. David J Deming & Kadeem Noray, 2020. "Earnings Dynamics, Changing Job Skills, and STEM Careers," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(4), pages 1965-2005.
  171. Mathieu Aubry & Roman Kräussl & Gustavo Manso & Christophe Spaenjers, 2023. "Biased Auctioneers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 78(2), pages 795-833, April.
  172. Tamm, Marcus, 2018. "Training and changes in job Tasks," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 137-147.
  173. Wang, Ping & Wong, Tsz-Nga, 2026. "Artificial intelligence and technological unemployment," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  174. Damiani, Mirella & Pompei, Fabrizio & Kleinknecht, Alfred, 2020. "When robots do (not) enhance job quality: The role of innovation regimes," MPRA Paper 103059, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  175. Thiédjé Gaudens-Omer Kouakou, 2025. "Artificial Intelligence (AI), financial market and economic growth: A simple theoretical model," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 45(3), pages 1297-1307.
  176. Minniti, Antonio & Prettner, Klaus & Venturini, Francesco, 2025. "AI innovation and the labor share in European regions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
  177. Mauro Caselli & Andrea Fracasso & Arianna Marcolin & Sergio Scicchitano, 2023. "The reassuring effect of firms' technological innovations on workers' job insecurity," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(4), pages 754-778, October.
  178. Venkat Ram Reddy Ganuthula & Krishna Kumar Balaraman, 2025. "The Paradox of Professional Input: How Expert Collaboration with AI Systems Shapes Their Future Value," Papers 2504.12654, arXiv.org.
  179. Tanvir Ahmed Khan, 2023. "Can Unbiased Predictive AI Amplify Bias?," Working Paper 1510, Economics Department, Queen's University.
  180. Neumann, Uwe, 2020. "Lebenslanges Lernen als Standortfaktor? Weiterbildungschancen im Vergleich der deutschen Bundesländer," RWI Materialien 138, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung.
  181. Helena Corrales-Herrero & Beatriz Rodríguez-Prado, 2024. "Mapping the Occupations of Recent Graduates. The Role of Academic Background in the Digital Era," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 65(8), pages 1853-1882, December.
  182. Christelle Khalaf & Gilbert Michaud & G. Jason Jolley, 2023. "Predicting declining and growing occupations using supervised machine learning," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 757-780, October.
  183. Yao, Becatien & Shanoyan, Aleksan, 2026. "Measuring AI exposure in U.S. agri-food labor markets," 2026 Annual Meeting, July 26 - 28, 2026, Kansas City, Missouri 404319, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  184. Andrew Green & Lucas Lamby, 2025. "The Characteristics of the Artificial Intelligence Workforce across OECD Countries," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 68(2), pages 541-568, June.
  185. Qian, Cheng & Zhu, Chun & Huang, Duen-Huang & Zhang, Shangfeng, 2023. "Examining the influence mechanism of artificial intelligence development on labor income share through numerical simulations," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  186. Zuazu-Bermejo, Izaskun, 2022. "Robots and women in manufacturing employment," ifso working paper series 19, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Socioeconomics (ifso).
  187. Mario Benassi & Elena Grinza & Francesco Rentocchini & Laura Rondi, 2022. "Patenting in 4IR technologies and firm performance [Robots and jobs: evidence from US labor markets]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 31(1), pages 112-136.
  188. Lan Chen & Yufei Ji & Xichen Yao & Hengshu Zhu, 2024. "Occupation Life Cycle," Papers 2406.15373, arXiv.org.
  189. Singh, Anuraag & Triulzi, Giorgio & Magee, Christopher L., 2021. "Technological improvement rate predictions for all technologies: Use of patent data and an extended domain description," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(9).
  190. Guli‐Sanam Karimova & Stephen A. LeMay & Alina Müller & Matthias Klumpp, 2026. "From the Shallows to the Shelves and Back: A Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda for Socially Sustainable, AI‐Driven Digital Fashion Supply Chains," Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(2), pages 1230-1246, April.
  191. Grenz, Sabrina & Gregory, Terry & Lehmer, Florian, 2026. "AI-Powered Skill Classification: Mapping Technology Intensity in the German Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers 18415, IZA Network @ LISER.
  192. Grimm, Felix, 2024. "Digital Technologies, Job Quality and Employer-provided Training," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302402, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  193. Sebastian, Raquel & Salas-Rojo, Pedro & C. Palomino, Juan & G. Rodríguez, Juan, 2026. "New technologies and the rise of wage inequality," INET Oxford Working Papers 2026-04, Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford.
  194. Gruetzemacher, Ross & Paradice, David & Lee, Kang Bok, 2020. "Forecasting extreme labor displacement: A survey of AI practitioners," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
  195. Yonghun Jung & Seong-Hoon Lee & Jong Kook Shin, 2025. "Automation & the Future of Work: When Artificial Intelligence Meets Schumpeterian Innovators," Korean Economic Review, Korean Economic Association, vol. 41, pages 5-41.
  196. David Marguerit, 2025. "Augmenting or Automating Labor? The Effect of AI Development on New Work, Employment, and Wages," Papers 2503.19159, arXiv.org.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.