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Diverging paths: AI exposure and employment across European regions

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  • Guarascio, Dario
  • Reljic, Jelena
  • Stöllinger, Roman

Abstract

This study explores exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and employment patterns in Europe. First, we provide a thorough mapping of European regions focusing on the structural factors—such as sectoral specialisation, R&D capacity, productivity and workforce skills—that may shape diffusion as well as economic and employment effects of AI. To capture these differences, we conduct a cluster analysis which group EU regions in four distinct clusters: high-tech service and capital centres, advanced manufacturing core, southern and eastern periphery. We then discuss potential employment implications of AI in these regions, arguing that while regions with strong innovation systems may experience employment gains as AI complements existing capabilities and production systems, others are likely to face structural barriers that could eventually exacerbate regional disparities in the EU, with peripheral areas losing further ground.

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  • Guarascio, Dario & Reljic, Jelena & Stöllinger, Roman, 2025. "Diverging paths: AI exposure and employment across European regions," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 11-24.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:streco:v:73:y:2025:i:c:p:11-24
    DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2024.12.010
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    3. Drago, Carlo & Costantiello, Alberto & Savorgnan, Marco & Leogrande, Angelo, 2025. "Driving AI Adoption in the EU: A Quantitative Analysis of Macroeconomic Influences," MPRA Paper 124973, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • R1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics

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