Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ C: Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
/ / C6: Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
/ / / C61: Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis

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This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:

1. Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium
2. Solution Methods for DSGE models

2008

• Yu-Fu Chen & Michael Funke, 2008, "Product Market Competition, Investment and Employment-Abundant versus Job-Poor Growth: A Real Options Perspective," Quantitative Macroeconomics Working Papers, Hamburg University, Department of Economics, number 20802, Feb.
• Stolletz, Raik & Stolletz, Lars, 2008, "Linearisierungsverfahren für Standortplanungsprobleme mit nichtlinearen Transportkosten," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, number dp-388, Feb.
• Helber, Stefan & Schimmelpfeng, Katja & Stolletz, Raik & Lagershausen, Svenja, 2008, "Using linear programming to analyze and optimize stochastic flow lines," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, number dp-389, Feb.
• Helber, Stefan & Sahling, Florian, 2008, "A Fix-and-Optimize Approach for the Multi-Level Capacitated Lot Sizing Problems," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, number dp-393, Mar.
• Sahling, Florian & Buschkühl, Lisbeth & Tempelmeier, Horst & Helber, Stefan, 2008, "Solving a Multi-Level Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem with Multi-Period Setup Carry-Over via a Fix-and-Optimize Heuristic," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, number dp-400, Jun.
• Blandford, David & Brunstad, Rolf Jens & Gaasland, Ivar & Vårdal, Erling, 2008, "Optimal agricultural policy and PSE measurement: an assessment and application to Norway," Working Papers in Economics, University of Bergen, Department of Economics, number 12/08, Aug.
• Voorneveld, Mark & van den Nouweland, Anne & McLean, Rich, 2008, "An axiomatization of the Euclidean compromise solution," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, Stockholm School of Economics, number 703, Oct.
• Iskhakov, Fedor, 2008, "Dynamic Programming Model of Health and Retirement," Memorandum, Oslo University, Department of Economics, number 03/2008, Feb.
• Iskhakov, Fedor, 2008, "Pension Reforms in Norway: Evidence from a Structural Dynamic Model," Memorandum, Oslo University, Department of Economics, number 14/2008, Jul.
• Itoh, Yuki & 伊藤, 有希, 2008, "Recovery Process Model," Discussion Papers, Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, number 2008-08, Nov.
• Takekuma, Shin-ichi, 2008, "On the Optimal Stationary State for the Quasi-Stationary Model of Capital Accumulation under Uncertainty : The Characterization of the Discounted Golden-Rule State by Prices, 不確実性下の資本蓄積の準定常的モデルにおける最適定常状態について：割引黄金律状態の価格による特徴付け," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, volume 49, issue 1, pages 23-33, June, DOI: 10.15057/15883.
• Lauwers, Luc & Van Puyenbroeck, Tom, 2008, "Minimally Disproportional Representation: Generalized Entropy and Stolarsky Mean-Divisor Methods of Apportionment," Working Papers, Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel, Faculteit Economie en Management, number 2008/24, Jul.
• Nikolay Nenovsky & Petar Chobanov & Gergana Mihaylova & Darina Koleva, 2008, "Efficiency of the Bulgarian Banking System: Traditional Approach and Data Envelopment Analysis," ICER Working Papers, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research, number 22-2008, Jun.
• Fuad Aleskerov & V. Belousova & M. Serdyuk & V. Solodkov, 2008, "Dynamic Analysis of the Behavioural Patterns of the Largest Commercial Banks in the Russian Federation," ICER Working Papers - Applied Mathematics Series, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research, number 12-2008, Jun.
• Michael Mania & Marina Santacroce, 2008, "Exponential Utility Maximization under Partial Information," ICER Working Papers - Applied Mathematics Series, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research, number 24-2008, Jun.
• Néstor Duch-Brown & José García-Quevedo & Daniel Montolio, 2008, "Assessing the assignation of public subsidies: Do the experts choose the most efficient R&D projects?," Working Papers, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB), number 2008/5.
• Halyna Zakhariya & Dr. Frank Köller & Prof. Dr. Michael H. Breitner, 2008, "Personaleinsatzplanung im Echtzeitbetrieb in Call Centern mit Künstlichen Neuronalen Netzen," IWI Discussion Paper Series, Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Universität Hannover, number 22, Feb.
• Matthias Paul & Hans-Jörg von Mettenheim & Prof. Dr. Michael H. Breitner, 2008, "Akzeptanz von Sicherheitsmaßnahmen: Modellierung, Numerische Simulation und Optimierung," IWI Discussion Paper Series, Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Universität Hannover, number 28, Oct.
• İrfan ERTUĞRUL & Dilek PELİTLİ, 2008, "Portföy analizinde bulanık mantık yaklaşımı," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, volume 23, issue 265, pages 91-113.
• Ahmet Serhat ULUDAĞ & İsmail EROL, 2008, "Tedarik zinciri ağ tasarımı ve bir uygulama," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, volume 23, issue 267, pages 89-115.
• Hardik Soni & Nita H. Shah, 2008, "Optimal Ordering and Trade Credit Policy for EOQ Model," Indus Journal of Management & Social Science (IJMSS), Department of Business Administration, volume 2, issue 1, pages 66-76, June.
• Pahlaj Moolio & Jamal Nazrul Islam, 2008, "Cost Minimization of a Competitive Firm," Indus Journal of Management & Social Science (IJMSS), Department of Business Administration, volume 2, issue 2, pages 148-160, December.
• Erjen van Nierop & Dennis Fok & Philip Hans Franses, 2008, "Interaction Between Shelf Layout and Marketing Effectiveness and Its Impact on Optimizing Shelf Arrangements," Marketing Science, INFORMS, volume 27, issue 6, pages 1065-1082, 11-12, DOI: 10.1287/mksc.1080.0365.
• Domenico Cuoco & Hua He & Sergei Isaenko, 2008, "Optimal Dynamic Trading Strategies with Risk Limits," Operations Research, INFORMS, volume 56, issue 2, pages 358-368, April, DOI: 10.1287/opre.1070.0433.
• Orlando Gomes, 2008, "Adaptive Learning and Complex Dynamics," Working Papers Series 1, ISCTE-IUL, Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), number ercwp2108, Sep.
• António Afonso & Sónia Fernandes, 2008, "Assessing Hospital Efficiency: Non-parametric Evidence for Portugal," Working Papers Department of Economics, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa, number 2008/07, Feb.
• Lence, Sergio H., 2008, "Do Futures Benefit Farmers?," Staff General Research Papers Archive, Iowa State University, Department of Economics, number 12919, Apr.
• Roy, Sunanda & Sabarwal, T, 2008, "On the (Non)-Lattice Structure of Equilibrium Sets in Games with Strategic Substitutes," Staff General Research Papers Archive, Iowa State University, Department of Economics, number 13103, Jan.
• Bayer, Christian & Juessen, Falko, 2008, "On the Dynamics of Interstate Migration: Migration Costs and Self-Selection," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 3330, Feb.
• Haan, Peter & Prowse, Victoria L. & Uhlendorff, Arne, 2008, "Employment Effects of Welfare Reforms: Evidence from a Dynamic Structural Life-Cycle Model," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 3480, May.
• Heckman, James J. & Humphries, John Eric & LaFontaine, Paul A. & Rodríguez, Pedro L., 2008, "Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 3495, May.
• Jakša Cvitanić & Vassilis Polimenis & Fernando Zapatero, 2008, "Optimal portfolio allocation with higher moments," Annals of Finance, Springer, volume 4, issue 1, pages 1-28, January, DOI: 10.1007/s10436-007-0071-5.
• Kasper Larsen & Gordan Žitković, 2008, "On the semimartingale property via bounded logarithmic utility," Annals of Finance, Springer, volume 4, issue 2, pages 255-268, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10436-006-0067-6.
• Fidel Gonzalez, 2008, "Optimal Policy Response with Control Parameter and Intercept Covariance," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 31, issue 1, pages 1-20, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-007-9103-5.
• Orlando Gomes, 2008, "Decentralized Allocation of Human Capital and Nonlinear Growth," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 31, issue 1, pages 45-75, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-007-9106-2.
• John Stachurski, 2008, "Continuous State Dynamic Programming via Nonexpansive Approximation," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 31, issue 2, pages 141-160, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-007-9111-5.
• Ulrich Brandt-Pollmann & Ralph Winkler & Sebastian Sager & Ulf Moslener & Johannes Schlöder, 2008, "Numerical Solution of Optimal Control Problems with Constant Control Delays," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 31, issue 2, pages 181-206, March, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-007-9113-3.
• Frank Hespeler, 2008, "Solution Algorithm to a Class of Monetary Rational Equilibrium Macromodels with Optimal Monetary Policy Design," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 31, issue 3, pages 207-223, April, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-007-9114-2.
• Simone Casellina & Mariacristina Uberti, 2008, "Optimal Monetary Policy and Long-term Interest Rate Dynamics: Taylor Rule Extensions," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 32, issue 1, pages 183-198, September, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-008-9136-4.
• David Hudgins & C. Chan, 2008, "Optimal Exchange Rate Policy Under Unknown Pass-through and Learning With Applications to Korea," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 32, issue 3, pages 279-293, October, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-008-9139-1.
• Tatjana Slavova, 2008, "A rank order and efficiency evaluation of the EU regions in a social framework," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, volume 35, issue 4, pages 339-367, September, DOI: 10.1007/s10663-008-9074-3.
• Ralph Winkler, 2008, "Optimal compliance with emission constraints: dynamic characteristics and the choice of technique," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, volume 39, issue 4, pages 411-432, April, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-007-9133-4.
• Michael Margolis & Eric Nævdal, 2008, "Safe Minimum Standards in Dynamic Resource Problems: Conditions for Living on the Edge of Risk," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, volume 40, issue 3, pages 401-423, July, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-007-9162-z.
• Fidel Gonzalez, 2008, "Precautionary Principle and Robustness for a Stock Pollutant with Multiplicative Risk," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, volume 41, issue 1, pages 25-46, September, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-007-9179-3.
• Sonia Dalmia & Paul Sicilian, 2008, "Kids Cause Specialization: Evidence for Becker’s Household Division of Labor Hypothesis," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, volume 14, issue 4, pages 448-459, November, DOI: 10.1007/s11294-008-9171-x.
• Pedram Sendi, 2008, "Bridging the gap between health and non-health investments: moving from cost-effectiveness analysis to a return on investment approach across sectors of economy," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, volume 8, issue 2, pages 113-121, June, DOI: 10.1007/s10754-008-9032-4.
• Laurens Cherchye & Erwin Ooghe & Tom Puyenbroeck, 2008, "Robust human development rankings," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, volume 6, issue 4, pages 287-321, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10888-007-9058-8.
• Robert Cromley & Dean Hanink, 2008, "Population growth and the development of a central place system," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, volume 10, issue 4, pages 383-405, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10109-008-0071-7.
• Dag Edvardsen & Finn Førsund & Sverre Kittelsen, 2008, "Far out or alone in the crowd: a taxonomy of peers in DEA," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, volume 29, issue 3, pages 201-210, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11123-007-0066-2.
• Robert Chambers & Rolf Färe, 2008, "A “calculus” for data envelopment analysis," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, volume 30, issue 3, pages 169-175, December, DOI: 10.1007/s11123-008-0104-8.
• Partha Dasgupta, 2008, "Discounting climate change," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, volume 37, issue 2, pages 141-169, December, DOI: 10.1007/s11166-008-9049-6.
• Zalai, Ernő, 2008, "Műszaki és gazdasági hatékonyság Koopmans termeléselméletében
  [Technical and economic efficiency in Koopmans theory of production]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), volume 0, issue 1, pages 3-24.
• LE VAN Cuong & NGUYEN Manh-Hung, 2008, "Existence of competitive equilibrium in an optimal growth model with heterogeneous agents and endogenous leisure," LERNA Working Papers, LERNA, University of Toulouse, number 08.24.268, Sep.
• Joern Meissner & Arne Strauss, 2008, "Network Revenue Management with Inventory-Sensitive Bid Prices and Customer Choice," Working Papers, Department of Management Science, Lancaster University, number MRG/0008, Jul, revised Apr 2010.
• Matthias Koenig & Joern Meissner, 2008, "List Pricing versus Dynamic Pricing: Impact on the Revenue Risk," Working Papers, Department of Management Science, Lancaster University, number MRG/0011, Sep, revised Apr 2009.
• Herbert Dawid & Alfred Greiner & Benteng Zou, 2008, "Optimal Foreign Investment Dynamics in the Presence of Technological Spillovers," DEM Discussion Paper Series, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg, number 08-07.
• Gustavo Yamada & Juan F. Castro & Arlette Beltran & Maria A. Cardenas, 2008, "Educational Attainment, Growth and Poverty Reduction within the MDG Framework: Simulations and Costing for the Peruvian Case," Working Papers MPIA, PEP-MPIA, number 2008-05.
• Karl Inderfurth & Rainer Kleber, 2008, "Modellgestützte Flexibilitätsanalyse von Strategien zur Ersatzteilversorgung in der Nachserienphase," FEMM Working Papers, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Economics and Management, number 08026, Sep.
• Hassan Benchekroun & Cees Withagen, 2008, "Global Dynamics In A Growth Model With An Exhaustible Resource," Departmental Working Papers, McGill University, Department of Economics, number 2008-01, Jan.
• Hassan Benchekroun & Cees Withagen, 2008, "Nonrenewable Resource Oligopolies And The Cartel-Fringe Game," Departmental Working Papers, McGill University, Department of Economics, number 2008-02, Jan.
• Florian Heiss & Daniel McFadden & Joachim Winter, 2008, "Mind the Gap! Consumer Perceptions and Choices," MEA discussion paper series, Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, number 08156, Jan.
• Haruo Kataoka & Hiroaki Hashimoto, 2008, "Keynes-Ramsey Rule and its Implications in a Two-Sector Optimal Growth Model," Discussion Papers, Meisei University, School of Economics, number 8, Jan.
• Andreas Pollak, 2008, "Optimal Unemployment Insurance with Variable Skill Levels," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, volume 164, issue 4, pages 696-726, December.
• Alberto BUCCI & Cinzia COLAPINTO & Martin FORSTER & Davide LA TORRE, 2008, "On human capital and economic growth with random technology shocks," Departmental Working Papers, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano, number 2008-036, Nov.
• Alberto BUCCI & Luca GUERRINI, 2008, "Transitional dynamics in the Solow-Swan growth model with AK technology and logistic population change," Departmental Working Papers, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano, number 2008-044, Dec.
• Alberto BUCCI & Cinzia COLAPINTO & Martin FORSTER & Davide LA TORRE, 2008, "On human capital and economic growth with random technology shocks," Departmental Working Papers, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano, number 2008-36, Nov.
• Alberto BUCCI & Luca GUERRINI, 2008, "Transitional dynamics in the Solow-Swan growth model with AK technology and logistic population change," Departmental Working Papers, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano, number 2008-44, Dec.
• Itai Sher, 2008, "Persuasion and Limited Communication," Working Papers, University of Minnesota, Department of Economics, number 2008-2, 04, revised 02 2008.
• David Rahman, 2008, "The Alternative to Equilibrium Existence," Working Papers, University of Minnesota, Department of Economics, number 2009-1, Mar.
• Thiemo Krink & Sandra Paterlini, 2008, "Differential Evolution for Multiobjective Portfolio Optimization," Center for Economic Research (RECent), University of Modena and Reggio E., Dept. of Economics "Marco Biagi", number 021, Jun.
• Marianna Lyra & Johannes Paha & Sandra Paterlini & Peter Winker, 2008, "Optimization Heuristics for Determining Internal Rating Grading Scales," Center for Economic Research (RECent), University of Modena and Reggio E., Dept. of Economics "Marco Biagi", number 023, Sep.
• Thiemo Krink & Sandra Paterlini, 2008, "Differential Evolution for Multiobjective Portfolio Optimization," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance), Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi", number 0007, Jan.
• Martin Hellwig, 2008, "A Maximum Principle for Control Problems with Monotonicity Constraints," Discussion Paper Series of the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics, Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics, number 2008_04, Jan.
• BENCHEKROUN, Hassan & WITHAGEN, Cees, 2008, "Global Dynamics in a Growth Model with an Exhaustible Resource," Cahiers de recherche, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en économie quantitative, CIREQ, number 11-2008.
• BENCHEKROUN, Hassan & WITHAGEN, Cees, 2008, "Nonrenewable Resource Oligopolies and the Cartel-Fringe Game," Cahiers de recherche, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en économie quantitative, CIREQ, number 14-2008.
• James J. Heckman & John Eric Humphries & Paul A. LaFontaine & Pedro L. Rodriguez, 2008, "Taking the Easy Way Out: How the GED Testing Program Induces Students to Drop Out," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 14044, May.
• Christopher R. Knittel & Konstantinos Metaxoglou, 2008, "Estimation of Random Coefficient Demand Models: Challenges, Difficulties and Warnings," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 14080, Jun.
• Che-Lin Su & Kenneth L. Judd, 2008, "Constrainted Optimization Approaches to Estimation of Structural Models," Discussion Papers, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science, number 1460, Jan.
• Zaharia Rodica Milena & Grundey Dainora & Stancu Alin, 2008, "Qualitative Research Methods: A Comparison Between Focus-Group And In-Depth Interview," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 4, issue 1, pages 1279-1283, May.
• Huy CHHAING, 2008, "Supply Chain Coordination Model with Retailer fs Risk Attitudes," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics, number 08-03, Jan.
• Markus Leippold & Fabio Trojani & Paolo Vanini, 2008, "Learning and Asset Prices Under Ambiguous Information," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, volume 21, issue 6, pages 2565-2597, November.
• Fernández Carazo, Ana & Gómez Núñez, Trinidad & Guerrero Casas, Flor M. & Caballero Fernández, Rafael, 2008, "Evaluación y clasificación de las técnicas utilizadas por las organizaciones, en las últimas décadas, para seleccionar proyectos = Evaluation and classification of the techniques used by organizations in the last decades to select projects," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, volume 5, issue 1, pages 67-115, June.
• Puchades Cortés, Vanesa & Mula Bru, Josefa & Rodríguez Villalobos, Alejandro, 2008, "Aplicación de la Teoría de Grafos para mejorar la planificación de rutas de trabajo de una empresa del sector de la distribución automática = An application of Graph Theory to improve the planning of work routes for a company in the vending sector," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, volume 6, issue 1, pages 7-22, December.
• Jürgen Schuldt (ed.), 2008, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)," Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, number 08-09, edition 1, February.
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Primera parte: La perspectiva neoclásica. Introducción al paradigma neoclásico," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 1, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Primera parte: La perspectiva neoclásica. Simplonia," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 2, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Primera parte: La perspectiva neoclásica. Pablonia," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 3, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Segunda parte: Los modelos keynesianos. Introducción a los modelos keynesianos," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 4, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Segunda parte: Los modelos keynesianos. Cruzonia," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 5, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Segunda parte: Los modelos keynesianos. Brechonia," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 6, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Segunda parte: Los modelos keynesianos. Hicksonia (IS-LM)," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 7, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Segunda parte: Los modelos keynesianos. Oferta y demanda agregadas (Keconia)," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 8, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Tercera parte: Los modelos neoestructuralistas. Introducción," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 9, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Tercera parte: Los modelos neoestructuralistas. El paradigma neoestructuralista," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 10, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Tercera parte: Los modelos neoestructuralistas. El modelo de Taylor," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 11, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• Jürgen Schuldt, 2008, "Tercera parte: Los modelos neoestructuralistas. Utilidad y limitaciones del modelo," Chapters of Books, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, chapter 12, in: Jürgen Schuldt, "Modelos macroeconómicos computarizados (una introducción)".
• F Silva & D Serra, 2008, "Locating emergency services with different priorities: the priority queuing covering location problem," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, volume 59, issue 9, pages 1229-1238, September, DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602473.
• Herbert E. Scarf & Kevin M. Woods, 2008, "Neighborhood Complexes and Generating Functions for Affine Semigroups," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, chapter 12, in: Zaifu Yang, "Herbert Scarf’s Contributions to Economics, Game Theory and Operations Research", DOI: 10.1057/9781137024411_12.
• Jihong Lee & Qingmin Liu, 2008, "The Dynamics of Bargaining Postures: The Role of a Third Party," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 09-001, Nov.
• James Feigenbaum, 2008, "Optimal Irrational Behavior," Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, number 368, Sep, revised Sep 2008.
• Geraint Johnes & Ana S. Camanho & Maria S. Portela, 2008, "Assessing Efficiency Of Portuguese Universities Through Parametric And Non-Parametric Methods," Portuguese Journal of Management Studies, ISEG, Universidade de Lisboa, volume 0, issue 1, pages 39-66.
• Rui Leite & Óscar Afonso, 2008, "Effects of Learning-by-doing, technology-adoption costs and wage inequality," FEP Working Papers, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto, number 272, Apr.
• Pedro Cosme da Costa Vieira, 2008, "Integrating fire risk into the management of forests," FEP Working Papers, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto, number 290, Sep.
• Wright, Malcolm, 2008, "A new theorem for optimizing the advertising budget," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 10565, Apr, revised 15 Sep 2008.
• Lahiri, Somdeb, 2008, "Rationality in a general model of choice," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 10860, Sep.
• Smith, Peter, 2008, "New perspectives on realism, tractability, and complexity in economics," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 10899, Oct.
• Mishra, SK, 2008, "On the optimality of academic rankings of regions with RePEc data," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 11098, Oct.
• Papahristodoulou, Christos, 2008, "A note on the effectiveness of some de-fuzzification measures in a fuzzy pure factors portfolio," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 11365, Oct.
• Creti, Anna & Villeneuve, Bertrand, 2008, "Equilibrium Storage in a Markov Economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 11944, Apr.
• Matkowski, Janusz & Nowak, Andrzej S., 2008, "On Discounted Dynamic Programming with Unbounded Returns," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 12215, Oct.
• Brock, William & Xepapadeas, Anastasios, 2008, "General Pattern Formation in Recursive Dynamical Systems Models in Economics," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 12305, Dec.
• Mishra, SK, 2008, "A note on the sub-optimality of rank ordering of objects on the basis of the leading principal component factor scores," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 12419, Dec.
• Stegaroiu, Carina-Elena, 2008, "Mathematic Modelling of the Transaction in the Bugetary Activity," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 12911, Nov.

2007

• Behrens, Kristian, 2007, "On the location and lock-in of cities: Geography vs transportation technology," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 1, pages 22-45, January.
• Ana Paula Martins, 2007, "On Depth and Retrospect: “I Forget, and Forgive – but I Discount”," EERI Research Paper Series, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI), Brussels, number EERI_RP_2007_07, Jul.
• Guillermo Sierra Juárez, 2007, "Procesos de Hurts y movimientos brownianos fraccionales en mercados fractales," Revista de Administración, Finanzas y Economía (Journal of Management, Finance and Economics), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, volume 1, issue 1, pages 1-21.
• Iván Alejandro Durán Díaz & Andrés Ramírez Hassan, 2007, "Efectos macroeconómicos asociados a cambios en la tasa marginal impositiva," Revista de Administración, Finanzas y Economía (Journal of Management, Finance and Economics), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, volume 1, issue 1, pages 22-44.
• Francisco Venegas Martínez & Roberto Ballinez Ambriz, 2007, "Control óptimo estocástico en una economía bajo riesgo e incertidumbre," Revista de Administración, Finanzas y Economía (Journal of Management, Finance and Economics), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, volume 1, issue 2, pages 134-147.
• Lucía A. Ruiz-Galindo & Francisco Venegas-Martínez, 2007, "Un modelo macroeconométrico de simulación con microfundamentos para la economía mexicana," Economía Mexicana NUEVA ÉPOCA, CIDE, División de Economía, volume 0, issue 2, pages 165-217, July-Dece.
• María José Roa García & José Luis Cendejas Bueno, 2007, "Crecimiento Económico, estructura de edades y bono demográfico," Working Papers, CIDE, División de Economía, number DTE 390, Aug.
• Eliashberg, J. & Hegie, Q. & Ho, J. & Huisman, D. & Miller, S.J. & Swami, S. & Weinberg, C.B. & Wierenga, B., 2007, "Demand-driven scheduling of movies in a multiplex," Econometric Institute Research Papers, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute, number EI 2007-17, May.
• Nicolai, R.P. & Frenk, J.B.G. & Dekker, R., 2007, "Modelling and optimizing imperfect maintenance of coatings on steel structures," Econometric Institute Research Papers, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute, number EI 2007-24, Jul.
• Eliashberg, J. & Hegie, Q. & Ho, J. & Huisman, D. & Miller, S.J. & Swami, S. & Weinberg, C.B. & Wierenga, B., 2007, "Demand-Driven Scheduling of Movies in a Multiplex," ERIM Report Series Research in Management, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam, number ERS-2007-033-MKT, May.
• Kaynar, B. & Birbil, S.I. & Frenk, J.B.G., 2007, "Application of a General Risk Management Model to Portfolio Optimization Problems with Elliptical Distributed Returns for Risk Neutral and Risk Averse Decision Makers," ERIM Report Series Research in Management, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam, number ERS-2007-032-LIS, May.
• Nicolai, R.P. & Frenk, J.B.G. & Dekker, R., 2007, "Modelling and Optimizing Imperfect Maintenance of Coatings on Steel Structures," ERIM Report Series Research in Management, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam, number ERS-2007-043-LIS, Jul.
• Collins, J. & Ketter, W. & Gini, M., 2007, "Flexible Decision Control in an Autonomous Trading Agent," ERIM Report Series Research in Management, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam, number ERS-2007-079-LIS, Nov.
• Yu, M. & de Koster, M.B.M., 2007, "Performance Approximation and Design of Pick-and-Pass Order Picking Systems," ERIM Report Series Research in Management, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam, number ERS-2007-082-LIS, Dec.
• Larco Martinelli, J.A. & Dekker, R. & Kaymak, U., 2007, "Distributed Services with Foreseen and Unforeseen Tasks: The Mobile Re-allocation Problem," ERIM Report Series Research in Management, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam, number ERS-2007-087-LIS, Dec.
• Jinye Z. Schulkin & Benjamin F Hobbs & Jong-Shi Pang, 2007, "Long-Run Equilibrium Modeling of Alternative Emissions Allowance Allocation Systems in Electric Power Markets," Working Papers, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, number EPRG 0719, Sep.
• Ulrich Witt, 2007, "Novelty and the Bounds of Unknowledge in Economics," Papers on Economics and Evolution, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2007-07, Nov.
• Miloslav Vošvrda & Lukáš Vácha, 2007, "Heterogeneous Agents Model with the Worst Out Algorithm," Czech Economic Review, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, volume 1, issue 1, pages 54-66, March.
• Alessandra Sgobbi & Carlo Carraro, 2007, "A Stochastic Multiple Players Multi-Issues Bargaining Model for the Piave River Basin," Working Papers, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, number 2007.101, Nov.
• Giovanni Bella, 2007, "A Bug’s Life: Competition Among Species Towards the Environment," Working Papers, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, number 2007.18, Feb.
• Alessandra Sgobbi & Carlo Carraro, 2007, "Modelling Negotiated Decision Making: a Multilateral, Multiple Issues, Non-Cooperative Bargaining Model with Uncertainty," Working Papers, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, number 2007.81, Jul.
• Richard Dennis, 2007, "Model uncertainty and monetary policy," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2007-09.
• Wenli Li & Pierre-Daniel G. Sarte, 2007, "The anatomy of U.S. personal bankruptcy under Chapter 13," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, number 07-31.
• Hulya Eraslan & Wenli Li & Pierre-Daniel G. Sarte, 2007, "The anatomy of U.S. personal bankruptcy under Chapter 13," Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, number 07-05.
• Baris Serifsoy, 2007, "Stock Exchange Business Models and Their Operative Performance - Empirical Evidence," Working Paper Series: Finance and Accounting, Department of Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, number 158.
• Manoj Atolia & Edward F. Buffie, 2007, "Smart Forward Shooting," Working Papers, Department of Economics, Florida State University, number wp2008_04_01, Nov, revised Apr 2008.
• Fabrício J. Missio & José Luís Oreiro, 2007, "Uma Revisão dos Argumentos Keynesianos sobre os Determinantes do Equilíbrio de Longo Prazo com Desemprego Involuntário," Working Papers, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Economics, number 0071.
• Raouf Boucekkine & C. Camacho & B. Zou, 2007, "Bridging the gap between growth theory and the new economic geography: The spatial Ramsey model," Working Papers, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow, number 2007_27, Sep.
• Guido Cozzi & Fabio Privileggi, 2007, "The Fractal Nature of Inequality in a Fast Growing World," Working Papers, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow, number 2007_45, Dec.
• Francesca Flamini, 2016, "A Non-cooperative Approach to Dynamic Bargaining," Working Papers, Business School - Economics, University of Glasgow, number 2016_16, Jun.
• Orlando Gomes, 2007, "When Leisure Becomes Excessive: a Bifurcation Result in Endogenous Growth Theory," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 26, pages 6-14, December.
• Andrés J. Picazo-Tadeo & Francisco J. Sáez-Fernández & Francisco González-Gómez, 2007, "Does Service Quality Matter In Measuring Performance Of Water Utilities?," FEG Working Paper Series, Faculty of Economics and Business (University of Granada), number 07/04, Nov.
• Nicolas Carayol & Pascale Roux & Murat Yildizoglu, 2007, "In search of efficient network structures: The needle in the haystack," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019), Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), number 2007-11.
• Sittidaj Pongkijvorasin & James Roumasset & Thomas Kae’o Duarte, 2007, "Coastal Groundwater Management with Nearshore Resource Interactions," Working Papers, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics, number 200713, Jul.
• Cuong Le Van & Raouf Boucekkine & Cagri Saglam, 2007, "Optimal control in infinite horizon problems: a Sobolev spaces approach," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-00101140, Sep, DOI: 10.1007/s00199-006-0118-2.
• Cuong Le Van & John Stachurski, 2007, "Parametric continuity of stationary distributions," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-00101157, Nov, DOI: 10.1007/s00199-006-0144-0.
• Gaël Giraud, 2007, "The Limit-Price Dynamics — Uniqueness, Computability and Comparative Dynamics in Competitiive Markets," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-00155709, Apr.
• Cuong Le Van & Katheline Schubert & Tu-Anh Nguyen, 2007, "With exhaustible resources, can a developing country escape from the poverty trap?," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-00203180, Jul.
• Stéphane Villeneuve & Jean-Paul Descamps, 2007, "Optimal Dividend Policy and Growth Option," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-00173171.
• Stefano Bosi & Francesco Magris & Alain Venditti, 2007, "Sunspot Fluctuations in Two-sector Economies with Heterogeneous Agents," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02877990, DOI: 10.1007/s00199-006-0116-4.
• Cuong Le Van & Raouf Boucekkine & Cagri Saglam, 2007, "Optimal control in infinite horizon problems: a Sobolev spaces approach," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-00101140, Sep, DOI: 10.1007/s00199-006-0118-2.
• Gaël Giraud, 2007, "The Limit-Price Dynamics — Uniqueness, Computability and Comparative Dynamics in Competitiive Markets," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-00155709, Apr.
• Cuong Le Van & Katheline Schubert & Tu-Anh Nguyen, 2007, "With exhaustible resources, can a developing country escape from the poverty trap?," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-00203180, Jul.
• Vincent Martinet, 2007, "Maximizing minimal rights for sustainability: a viability approach," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04139217.
• Michael Funke & Michael Paetz, 2007, "Environmental Policy Under Model Uncertainty: A Robust Optimal Control Approach," Quantitative Macroeconomics Working Papers, Hamburg University, Department of Economics, number 20703, Mar.
• Michael Paetz, 2007, "Robust Control and Persistence in the New Keynesian Economy," Quantitative Macroeconomics Working Papers, Hamburg University, Department of Economics, number 20711, Oct.
• Trimborn, Timo, 2007, "Anticipated Shocks in Continuous-time Optimization Models: Theoretical Investigation and Numerical Solution," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, number dp-363, Apr.
• Helber, Stefan & Henken, Kirsten, 2007, "Profit-oriented shift scheduling of inbound contact centers with skills-based routing, impatient customers, and retrials," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, number dp-379, Oct.
• Victor Matheson, 2007, "Alternative Methods of Calculating Optimal Timber Rotations: A Critique of the Stokey/Lucas/Prescott Tree-Cutting Problem," Working Papers, College of the Holy Cross, Department of Economics, number 0701, Jan.
• Flåm, Sjur Didrik & Godal, Odd, 2007, "Market clearing and price formation," Working Papers in Economics, University of Bergen, Department of Economics, number 06/07, Apr.
• Flåm, Sjur Didrik, 2007, "Option pricing by mathematical programming," Working Papers in Economics, University of Bergen, Department of Economics, number 08/07, Jul.
• Borglin, Anders & Flåm, Sjur Didrik, 2007, "Risk exchange as a market or production game," Working Papers in Economics, University of Bergen, Department of Economics, number 09/07, Sep.
• Flåm, Sjur, 2007, "Option Pricing by Mathematical Programming," Working Papers, Lund University, Department of Economics, number 2007:10, Jun.
• Borglin, Anders & Flåm, Sjur, 2007, "Risk Exchange as a Market or Production Game," Working Papers, Lund University, Department of Economics, number 2007:16, Oct.
• Flisberg, Patrik & Nilsson, Stefan & Rönnqvist, Mikael, 2007, "Optimized on-line process control of bleaching operations with OptCab," Discussion Papers, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science, number 2007/9, Mar.
• Gustafsson, Stig-Inge & Rönnqvist, Mikael, 2007, "Optimal heating of large block of flats," Discussion Papers, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science, number 2007/17, Jul.
• Bredström, David & Jörnsten, Kurt & Rönnqvist, Mikael, 2007, "Searching for optimal integer solutions to set partitioning problems using column generation," Discussion Papers, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science, number 2007/20, Aug.
• Aanestad, Sigurd & Sandal, Leif K. & Eide, Arne, 2007, "Optimal Fishing Policy for Two Species in a Three-Species Predator-Prey Model The case of Capelin, Cod and Juvenile Herring in the Barents Sea," Discussion Papers, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science, number 2007/29, Dec.
• Førsund, Finn R. & Kittelsen, Sverre A. & Krivonozhko, Vladimir E., 2007, "Farrell Revisited: Visualising the DEA Production Frontier," Memorandum, Oslo University, Department of Economics, number 15/2007, Feb.
• Markussen , Simen, 2007, "Trade-offs between health and absenteeism in welfare states: striking the balance," Memorandum, Oslo University, Department of Economics, number 19/2007, Sep.
• Sagara, Nobusumi, 2007, "Sensitivity Analysis of Stationary States in Optimal Growth : a Differentiable Approach," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, volume 48, issue 1, pages 57-66, June, DOI: 10.15057/13797.
• Biais, Bruno & Mariotti, Thomas & Rochet, Jean-Charles & Villeneuve, Stéphane, 2007, "Large Risks, Limited Liability and Dynamic Moral Hazard," IDEI Working Papers, Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse, number 472, Aug, revised Sep 2009.
• Dirk Bethmann, 2007, "Homogeneity, Saddle Path Stability, and Logarithmic Preferences in Economic Models," Discussion Paper Series, Institute of Economic Research, Korea University, number 0702.
• Svetlana Boyarchenko & Sergei Levendorski&icaron;, 2007, "Practical Guide To Real Options In Discrete Time," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, volume 48, issue 1, pages 311-342, February.
• Nicolas Roys, 2007, "Optimal investment policy with fixed adjustment costs and complete irreversibility," CeMMAP working papers, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number CWP29/07, Nov.
• Fortin, Ines & Fuss, Sabine & Hlouskova, Jaroslava & Khabarov, Nikolay & Obersteiner, Michael & Szolgayova, Jana, 2007, "An Integrated CVaR and Real Options Approach to Investments in the Energy Sector," Economics Series, Institute for Advanced Studies, number 209, May.
• Shorish, Jamsheed, 2007, "Welfare Analysis of HIV/AIDS: Formulating and Computing a Continuous Time Overlapping Generations Policy Model," Economics Series, Institute for Advanced Studies, number 211, May.
• Selçuk PERÇİN & Ustasüleyman TALHA, 2007, "Teskstil ve Gıda Sektöründe etkinlik ölçümü: VZA-malmquist TFP endeksi uygulaması," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, volume 22, issue 250, pages 154-171.
• Evrim TURGUTLU & Recep KÖK & Adnan KASMAN, 2007, "Türk sigortacılık şirketlerinde etkinlik:Deterministik ve şans kısıtlı veri zarflama analizi," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, volume 22, issue 251, pages 85-102.
• İrfan ERTUĞRUL & Nilsen KARAKAŞOĞLU, 2007, "Finans sektöründe kredi taleplerinin değerlendirilmesinde bulanık mantık yaklaşımı," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, volume 22, issue 255, pages 95-114.
• Hüseyin AKTAŞ & Mahmut KARGIN, 2007, "Türk sermaye piyasasındaki aracı kurumların etkinlik ve verimliliği," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, volume 22, issue 258, pages 97-117.
• Talha USTASÜLEYMAN, 2007, "Veri zarflama analizini kullanarak Türkiye’deki devlet üniversitelerinin etkinliğinin ölçümü," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, volume 22, issue 259, pages 24-43.
• Awi Federgruen & Joern Meissner & Michal Tzur, 2007, "Progressive Interval Heuristics for Multi-Item Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problems," Operations Research, INFORMS, volume 55, issue 3, pages 490-502, June, DOI: 10.1287/opre.1070.0392.
• Anita Gantner, 2007, "Bargaining, Search, and Outside Options," Working Papers, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universität Innsbruck, number 2007-16, Aug.