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Immigration in Europe: Trends, Policies and Empirical Evidence

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  • de la Rica, Sara

    (University of the Basque Country)

  • Glitz, Albrecht

    (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)

  • Ortega, Francesc

    (Queens College, CUNY)

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the main trends, policies and empirical evidence regarding immigration in Europe. We start by providing descriptive evidence on long-term immigration trends and current characteristics of the immigrant populations in various important European destination countries and Europe as a whole. We then discuss key policy issues in the European context, focusing on access to citizenship, asylum seeking, border enforcement, amnesties and policies to attract talent. In the second part of the chapter, we provide a survey of the large and growing literature on the recent European immigration experience, focusing on two key questions: what has been the socio-economic performance of immigrants in their destination countries and how has immigration impacted these countries' economies and native populations. We find large and highly persistent gaps in the economic performance of immigrants relative to natives in most destination countries, with only few instances of encouraging progress. Overall, there is little evidence of a detrimental effect of immigration on the economies of the host countries, which appear to respond to immigrant inflows through mechanisms more complex than simple factor price adjustments.

Suggested Citation

  • de la Rica, Sara & Glitz, Albrecht & Ortega, Francesc, 2013. "Immigration in Europe: Trends, Policies and Empirical Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers 7778, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7778
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    11. Ortega, Francesc & Tanaka, Ryuichi, 2015. "Immigration and the Political Economy of Public Education: Recent Perspectives," IZA Discussion Papers 8778, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Bonin, Holger, 2017. "The Potential Economic Benefits of Education of Migrants in the EU," IZA Research Reports 75, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Romeo-Victor Ionescu, 2016. "The Economic Trojan Horse is Actually a German Horse," Acta Universitatis Danubius. OEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 12(1), pages 151-163, February.
    14. Farre, Lidia & Ortega, Francesc & Tanaka, Ryuichi, 2018. "Immigration and the public–private school choice," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 184-201.
    15. K. Burggraeve & C. Piton, 2016. "The economic consequences of the flow of refugees into Belgium," Economic Review, National Bank of Belgium, issue i, pages 43-61, June.
    16. Libertad González & Francesc Ortega, 2014. "How do Open Economies Adjust to Large Immigration Flows? Sectoral Specialization, Household Services, and Other Mechanisms," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 12(02), pages 03-09, July.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    impact of immigration; recent European immigration; immigrant outcomes;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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