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A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks

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  1. Cheng, Shu-Ching & Wu, Tsung-pao & Lee, Kuei-Chiu & Chang, Tsangyao, 2014. "Flexible Fourier unit root test of unemployment for PIIGS countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 142-148.
  2. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Erdogan, Sinan & Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu, 2023. "The role of renewable and nuclear energy R&D expenditures and income on environmental quality in Germany: Scrutinizing the EKC and LCC hypotheses with smooth structural changes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
  3. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Ahmad, Nawaz & Alam, Shaista, 2016. "Financial development and environmental quality: The way forward," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 353-364.
  4. OlaOluwa S. Yaya & Ahamuefula E. Ogbonna & Robert Mudida & Nuruddeen Abu, 2021. "Market efficiency and volatility persistence of cryptocurrency during pre‐ and post‐crash periods of Bitcoin: Evidence based on fractional integration," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1318-1335, January.
  5. Winkelried, Diego, 2018. "Unit roots, flexible trends, and the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 1-17.
  6. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Song, Malin & Ahmad, Shabbir & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2022. "Does economic growth stimulate energy consumption? The role of human capital and R&D expenditures in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  7. Alper Gormus & Saban Nazlioglu & Steven L. Beach, 2023. "Environmental, Social, and Governance Considerations in WTI Financialization through Energy Funds," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-17, April.
  8. Yilanci, Veli & Aydin, Mücahit & Aydin, Mehmet, 2019. "Residual Augmented Fourier ADF Unit Root Test," MPRA Paper 96797, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  9. Wang, Yuan & Li, Li & Kubota, Jumpei & Zhu, Xiaodong & Lu, Genfa, 2016. "Are fluctuations in Japan’s consumption of non-fossil energy permanent or transitory?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 187-196.
  10. Tolga Omay & Aysegul Corakci & Esra Hasdemir, 2021. "High Persistence and Nonlinear Behavior in Financial Variables: A More Powerful Unit Root Testing in the ESTAR Framework," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(20), pages 1-21, October.
  11. Zheng, Li & Abbasi, Kashif Raza & Salem, Sultan & Irfan, Muhammad & Alvarado, Rafael & Lv, Kangjuan, 2022. "How technological innovation and institutional quality affect sectoral energy consumption in Pakistan? Fresh policy insights from novel econometric approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
  12. Enders Walter & Jones Paul, 2016. "Grain prices, oil prices, and multiple smooth breaks in a VAR," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 20(4), pages 399-419, September.
  13. Plakandaras, Vasilios & Gupta, Rangan & Wohar, Mark E., 2018. "UK macroeconomic volatility: Historical evidence over seven centuries," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 767-789.
  14. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Yilanci, Veli & Zhang, Qianxiao & Shah, Syed Ale Raza, 2022. "Does financial development promote renewable energy consumption in the USA? Evidence from the Fourier-wavelet quantile causality test," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 432-443.
  15. Vasilios Plakandaras & Rangan Gupta & Mark E. Wohar, 2017. "An Assessment of UK Macroeconomic Volatility: Historical Evidence Using Over Seven Centuries of Data," Working Papers 201779, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
  16. Yaya, OlaOluwa S & Ogbonna, Ahamuefula & Atoi, Ngozi V, 2019. "Are inflation rates in OECD countries actually stationary during 2011-2018? Evidence based on Fourier Nonlinear Unit root tests with Break," MPRA Paper 93937, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  17. Claudio Morana & Giacomo Sbrana, 2017. "Temperature anomalies, radiative forcing and ENSO," Working Paper series 17-06, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis.
  18. Wang, Juan & Zhang, Dongxiang & Zhang, Jian, 2015. "Mean reversion in stock prices of seven Asian stock markets: Unit root test and stationary test with Fourier functions," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 157-164.
  19. Gabriel Zsurkis & JoÃo Nicolau & Paulo M. M. Rodrigues, 2021. "A Re‐Examination of Inflation Persistence Dynamics in OECD Countries: A New Approach," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 83(4), pages 935-959, August.
  20. Izunna Anyikwa & Nicolene Haaman & Andrew Phiri, 2018. "Persistence of suicides in G20 countries: SPSM approach to three generations of unit root tests," Working Papers 1825, Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela University.
  21. Jo‐wei Wu & Jyh‐Lin Wu, 2018. "Does The Launch Of The Euro Hinder The Current Account Adjustment Of The Eurozone?," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 56(2), pages 1116-1135, April.
  22. Cai, Yifei & Chang, Tsangyao & Inglesi-Lotz, Roula, 2018. "Asymmetric persistence in convergence for carbon dioxide emissions based on quantile unit root test with Fourier function," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 470-481.
  23. Gallegati, Marco & Ramsey, James B., 2013. "Structural change and phase variation: A re-examination of the q-model using wavelet exploratory analysis," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 60-73.
  24. Yaya OlaOluwa S. & Otekunrin Oluwaseun A. & Ogbonna Ahamuefula E., 2021. "Life expectancy in West African countries: Evidence of convergence and catching up with the north," Statistics in Transition New Series, Polish Statistical Association, vol. 22(1), pages 75-88, March.
  25. Fakhri J. Hasanov & Elchin Suleymanov & Heyran Aliyeva & Hezi Eynalov & Sa'd Shannak, 2022. "What Drives the Agricultural Growth in Azerbaijan? Insights from Autometrics with Super Saturation," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 70(3), pages 147-174.
  26. Muhammad Shahbaz & Miroslav Mateev & Salah Abosedra & Muhammad Ali Nasir & Zhilun Jiao, 2021. "Determinants of FDI in France: Role of transport infrastructure, education, financial development and energy consumption," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1351-1374, January.
  27. Pan, Guochen & Chang, Hsu-Ling & Su, Chi-Wei, 2012. "Regional differences in development of life insurance markets in China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 548-558.
  28. Wang, Yuan & Shi, Rui & Zhang, Chen & He, Yanmin & Jiang, Hongyi & Kubota, Jumpei, 2022. "Structural changes and trends in China's renewable electricity production in the policy evolution process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 879-886.
  29. Jing Li, 2021. "On Estimating Risk Premium With Flexible Fourier Form," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 41(3), pages 1026-1035.
  30. Sulekha Hembram & Sushil Kr. Haldar, 2019. "Beta, sigma and club convergence: Indian experience from 1980 to 2015," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 343-366, December.
  31. Aydin, Mucahit, 2019. "A New Nonlinear Wavelet-Based Unit Root Test with Structural Breaks," MPRA Paper 98693, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  32. Martin Enilov & Yuan Wang, 2022. "Tourism and economic growth: Multi-country evidence from mixed-frequency Granger causality tests," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(5), pages 1216-1239, August.
  33. Tsangyao Chang & Wen-Chi Liu & Goodness C. Aye & Rangan Gupta, 2016. "Are there housing bubbles in South Africa? Evidence from SPSM-based panel KSS test with a Fourier function," Global Business and Economics Review, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 18(5), pages 517-532.
  34. Claudio, Morana & Giacomo, Sbrana, 2017. "Some Financial Implications of Global Warming: An Empirical Assessment," Working Papers 377, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised 25 Dec 2017.
  35. Wu, Jo-Wei & Wu, Jyh-Lin, 2018. "Does a flexible exchange rate regime increase inflation persistence?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 244-263.
  36. Vasilios Plakandaras & Rangan Gupta & Sayar Karmakar & Mark E. Wohar, 2022. "Is Real Interest Rate a Monetary Phenomenon in Advanced Economies? Time-Varying Evidence from Over 700 Years of Data," Working Papers 202245, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
  37. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Tsangyao Chang & Tsung-Hsien Chen & Han-Wen Tzeng, 2017. "Revisiting purchasing power parity in Eastern European countries: quantile unit root tests," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 52(2), pages 463-483, March.
  38. Dimitris Christopoulos & Peter Mcadam, 2017. "On the Persistence of Cross‐Country Inequality Measures," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(1), pages 255-266, February.
  39. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Tsangyao Chang & Kuei-Chiu Lee, 2014. "Purchasing Power Parity in the BRICS and the MIST Countries: Sequential Panel Selection Method," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 4, pages 1-12, Feburary.
  40. Jiang, Yushi & Chang, Tsangyao, 2016. "Bring Quantile Unit Root Test back in Testing Hysteresis in Unemployment for the United States," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 5-13, March.
  41. Tolga Omay & Rangan Gupta & Giovanni Bonaccolto, 2017. "The US real GNP is trend-stationary after all," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(8), pages 510-514, May.
  42. repec:beo:journl:v:62:y:2018:i:216:p:35-62 is not listed on IDEAS
  43. Fatma Kızılkaya, 2022. "Investigating the Stationarity Properties of Oil Consumption: an Empirical Analysis for OECD Countries," Journal of Economic Policy Researches, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 121-137, January.
  44. Melike Bildirici & Işıl Şahin Onat & Özgür Ömer Ersin, 2023. "Forecasting BDI Sea Freight Shipment Cost, VIX Investor Sentiment and MSCI Global Stock Market Indicator Indices: LSTAR-GARCH and LSTAR-APGARCH Models," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-27, March.
  45. Xiaojuan He & Dervis Kirikkaleli & Melike Torun & Zecheng Li, 2021. "Modeling Economic Risk in the QISMUT Countries: Evidence From Nonlinear Cointegration Tests," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, October.
  46. Plakandaras, Vasilios & Gogas, Periklis & Papadimitriou, Theophilos & Gupta, Rangan, 2019. "A re-evaluation of the term spread as a leading indicator," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 476-492.
  47. Vasilios Plakandaras & Periklis Gogas & Theophilos Papadimitriou & Rangan Gupta, 2017. "The Informational Content of the Term Spread in Forecasting the US Inflation Rate: A Nonlinear Approach," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(2), pages 109-121, March.
  48. Enders, Walter & Li, Jing, 2015. "Trend-cycle decomposition allowing for multiple smooth structural changes in the trend of US real GDP," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 71-81.
  49. Yeonwoo Rho & Yun Liu & Hie Joo Ahn, 2020. "Revealing Cluster Structures Based on Mixed Sampling Frequencies," Papers 2004.09770, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2021.
  50. Oktay KIZILKAYA & Gökhan KONAT, 2019. "Elektrik Tüketimindeki Dalgalanmalar Geçici mi Yoksa Kalıcı mı? Türkiye İçin Amprik Bir Analiz," EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 31(0), pages 53-62, December.
  51. Mehmet Hanefi Topal, 2020. "The Middle Income Trap: Theory and Empirical Evidence," Bogazici Journal, Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, Bogazici University, Department of Economics, vol. 34(1), pages 51-75.
  52. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Tsangyao Chang & Tsung-Pao Wu, 2015. "Purchasing Power Parity in Transition Countries: Panel Stationary Test with Smooth and Sharp Breaks," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-9, May.
  53. Arčabić, Vladimir & Kim, Kyoung Tae & You, Yu & Lee, Junsoo, 2021. "Century-long dynamics and convergence of income inequality among the US states," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
  54. Corakci, Aysegul & Omay, Tolga, 2023. "Is there convergence in renewable energy deployment? Evidence from a new panel unit root test with smooth and sharp structural breaks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 648-662.
  55. Vasilios Plakandaras & Rangan Gupta & Mark E. Wohar, 2019. "Persistence of economic uncertainty: a comprehensive analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(41), pages 4477-4498, September.
  56. Vasilios Plakandaras & Periklis Gogas & Theophilos Papadimitriou & Rangan Gupta, 2016. "The Term Premium as a Leading Macroeconomic Indicator," Working Papers 201613, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
  57. Sven Otto, 2020. "Unit Root Testing with Slowly Varying Trends," Papers 2003.04066, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2020.
  58. Syed, Qasim Raza & Apergis, Nicholas & Goh, Soo Khoon, 2023. "The dynamic relationship between climate policy uncertainty and renewable energy in the US: Applying the novel Fourier augmented autoregressive distributed lags approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
  59. Omay, Tolga & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Stewart, Chris, 2021. "Is There Really Hysteresis in OECD Countries’ Unemployment Rates? New Evidence Using a Fourier Panel Unit Root Test," MPRA Paper 107691, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 May 2021.
  60. Hashmi, Shabir Mohsin & Syed, Qasim Raza & Inglesi-Lotz, Roula, 2022. "Monetary and energy policy interlinkages: The case of renewable energy in the US," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 141-147.
  61. Apopo, Natalay & Phiri, Andrew, 2019. "On the (in)efficiency of cryptocurrencies: Have they taken daily or weekly random walks?," MPRA Paper 94712, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  62. Goodness C. Aye & Tsangyao Chang & Wen-Yi Chen & Rangan Gupta & Mark Wohar, 2016. "Testing the Efficiency of the Art Market using Quantile-Based Unit Root Tests with Sharp and Smooth Breaks," Working Papers 201625, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
  63. Fumitaka Furuoka, 2017. "Unemployment Dynamics In The Asia-Pacific Region: A Preliminary Investigation," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 62(05), pages 983-1016, December.
  64. Su, Chi-Wei & Chang, Hsu-Ling & Chang, Tsangyao & Yin, Kedong, 2014. "Monetary convergence in East Asian countries relative to China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 228-237.
  65. Christopoulos, Dimitris & McAdam, Peter, 2017. "Do financial reforms help stabilize inequality?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 45-61.
  66. Guo, Ranran & Ye, Wuyi, 2021. "A model of dynamic tail dependence between crude oil prices and exchange rates," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  67. Hung, Ying-Shu & Lee, Chingnun & Chen, Pei-Fen, 2022. "China’s monetary policy and global stock markets: A new cointegration approach with smoothing structural changes," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 643-666.
  68. Silva Lopes, Artur C., 2021. "Most likely you go your way (and I'll go mine): non-convergent incomes with a new DF-Fourier test," MPRA Paper 107676, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 19 Mar 2021.
  69. Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen & Chang, Tsangyao & Lee, Kuei-Chiu, 2016. "Purchasing power parity in emerging markets: A panel stationary test with both sharp and smooth breaks," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 453-460.
  70. Faryal, & Faisal, Faisal & Amin, Muhammad Yusuf & Haq, Zahoor Ul & Rahman, Sami Ur & Ali, Adnan, 2023. "Natural resources revenues, shadow economy and financial institutions depth: The way forward," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
  71. Yingying Xu & Chi-Wei Su & Jaime Ortiz, 2021. "Is gold a useful hedge against inflation across multiple time horizons?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 1175-1189, March.
  72. Amine Lahiani & Sinha Avik & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2018. "Renewable energy consumption, income, CO2 emissions and oil prices in G7 countries: The importance of asymmetries," Post-Print hal-03677233, HAL.
  73. Zhang Jing & de Jong Robert & Haurin Donald, 2016. "Are US real house prices stationary? New evidence from univariate and panel data," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 20(1), pages 1-18, February.
  74. Zorica Mladenović & Jelena Rašković, 2018. "Econometric Testing Of Uncovered Interest Rate Parity In Serbia," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 63(216), pages 35-62, January –.
  75. Murat ASLAN & Saban NAZLIOGLU, 2018. "Do International Relative Commodity Prices Support the Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis? A Nonlinear Panel Unit Root Testing," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 76-92, December.
  76. Yaya, OlaOluwa S & Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Adesiyan, Femi, 2020. "The Persistence of Stock Market Returns during the Presidential elections in Nigeria," MPRA Paper 99390, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  77. Muge Seda Ates & Gizem Ates & Demet Toktas & Esra Canpolat Gokce, 2023. "The Relationship Imports and Exports in Free Zones Have with Turkiye Foreign Trade and Employment: The Fourier Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ADL) Hidden Cointegration Test," Istanbul Journal of Economics-Istanbul Iktisat Dergisi, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 73(73-1), pages 385-418, June.
  78. Cui, Yu & Khan, Sufyan Ullah & Sauer, Johannes & Kipperberg, Gorm & Zhao, Minjuan, 2023. "Agricultural carbon footprint, energy utilization and economic quality: What causes what, and where?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
  79. Teterin, Pavel & Brooks, Robert & Enders, Walter, 2016. "Smooth volatility shifts and spillovers in U.S. crude oil and corn futures markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(PA), pages 22-36.
  80. Sakiru Adebola Solarin, 2020. "Towards sustainable development: A multi‐country persistence analysis of forest products footprint using a stationarity test with smooth shifts," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 1465-1476, September.
  81. Wang, Kai-Hua & Zhao, Yan-Xin & Jiang, Cui-Feng & Li, Zheng-Zheng, 2022. "Does green finance inspire sustainable development? Evidence from a global perspective," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 412-426.
  82. Tsong, Ching-Chuan & Wu, Chien-Wei & Chiu, Hsien-Hung & Lee, Cheng-Feng, 2013. "Covariate unit root tests under structural change and asymmetric STAR dynamics," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 101-112.
  83. Xu Tian & Xiaohua Yu, 2019. "Crop yield gap and yield convergence in African countries," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 11(6), pages 1305-1319, December.
  84. Khraief, Naceur & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Heshmati, Almas & Azam, Muhammad, 2020. "Are unemployment rates in OECD countries stationary? Evidence from univariate and panel unit root tests," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
  85. Jaforullah, Mohammad & King, Alan, 2015. "Does the use of renewable energy sources mitigate CO2 emissions? A reassessment of the US evidence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 711-717.
  86. Wen-Yi Chen, 2013. "Does healthcare financing converge? Evidence from eight OECD countries," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 279-300, December.
  87. Zheng Ying & Chang-Rui Dong & Hsu-Ling Chang & Chi-Wei Su, 2014. "Are Real GDP Levels Stationary in African Countries?," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 82(3), pages 392-401, September.
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  89. Ahmed, Mumtaz & Khan, Atif Maqbool & Bibi, Salma & Zakaria, Muhammad, 2017. "Convergence of per capita CO2 emissions across the globe: Insights via wavelet analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 86-97.
  90. Tsangyao Chang & Tsung-Pao Wu & Rangan Gupta, 2015. "Are house prices in South Africa really nonstationary? Evidence from SPSM-based panel KSS test with a Fourier function," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(1), pages 32-53, January.
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  93. Akbas, Yusuf Ekrem & Sancar, Canan, 2021. "The impact of export dynamics on trade balance in emerging and developed countries: An evaluation with middle income trap perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 357-375.
  94. Bakas, Dimitrios & Papapetrou, Evangelia, 2014. "Unemployment in Greece: Evidence from Greek regions using panel unit root tests," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(4), pages 551-562.
  95. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Roubaud, David, 2018. "Environmental degradation in France: The effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 843-857.
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  105. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Driha, Oana M. & Bekun, Festus & Sinha, Avik & Fatai Adedoyin, Festus, 2020. "Consequences of COVID-19 on the social isolation of the Chinese economy: accounting for the role of reduction in carbon emissions," MPRA Paper 102894, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.
  106. OlaOluwa S. Yaya & Ahamuefula E. Ogbonna & Robert Mudida, 2019. "Hysteresis of unemployment rates in Africa: new findings from Fourier ADF test," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(6), pages 2781-2795, November.
  107. Giorgio Canarella & Rangan Gupta & Stephen M. Miller & Tolga Omay, 2019. "Does U.K.’s Real GDP have a Unit Root? Evidence from a Multi-Century Perspective," Working Papers 201926, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
  108. Lixiong Yang & Chingnun Lee & I‐Po Chen, 2021. "Threshold model with a time‐varying threshold based on Fourier approximation," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(4), pages 406-430, July.
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  110. Seda Yıldırım & Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım & Seda H. Bostancı & Elif Nur Tarı, 2022. "Winner or loser? The asymmetric role of natural resource rents on financial development among resource‐rich countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(6), pages 1921-1933, December.
  111. Ozcan, Burcu & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2016. "A new approach to energy consumption per capita stationarity: Evidence from OECD countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 332-344.
  112. Khyati Kathuria & Nand Kumar, 2022. "Are exports and imports of India’s trading partners cointegrated? Evidence from Fourier bootstrap ARDL procedure," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1177-1191, March.
  113. Li, Sufang & Zhang, Hu & Yuan, Di, 2019. "Investor attention and crude oil prices: Evidence from nonlinear Granger causality tests," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  114. Claudio, Morana & Giacomo, Sbrana, 2017. "Some Financial Implications of Global Warming: An Empirical Assessment," Working Papers 377, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised 25 Dec 2017.
  115. Luis A. Gil-Alana & OlaOluwa S. Yaya, 2021. "Testing fractional unit roots with non-linear smooth break approximations using Fourier functions," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(13-15), pages 2542-2559, November.
  116. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Song, Malin & Zameer, Hashim & Jiao, Zhilun, 2020. "Public-private partnerships investment in energy as new determinant of CO2 emissions: The role of technological innovations in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
  117. Fakhri J. Hasanov & Noha Razek, 2023. "Oil and Non-Oil Determinants of Saudi Arabia’s International Competitiveness: Historical Analysis and Policy Simulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-39, June.
  118. Chang, Ming-Jen & Su, Che-Yi, 2015. "Does real interest rate parity really hold? New evidence from G7 countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 299-306.
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