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Wissensintensive Unternehmensdienste, Wissens-Spillovers und regionales Wachstum. Teilprojekt 3: Zur Standortstruktur von wissensintensiven Unternehmensdiensten – Fakten, Bestimmungsgründe, regionalpolitische Herausforderungen

Author

Listed:
  • Matthias Firgo
  • Peter Mayerhofer

Abstract

Im vorliegenden Teilprojekt wird empirische Evidenz zur räumlichen Verteilung wissensintensiver Unternehmensdienste (KIBS) in Österreich und ihren Bestimmungsgründen präsentiert. Ausgangspunkt sind die Ergebnisse des Teilprojektes, wonach KIBS über ihre Rolle in Innovationsprozessen auch in Österreich erheblich zum regionalen Wachstum beitragen. Gleichzeitig liegt internationale Evidenz für ein sehr ungleichgewichtiges Standortmuster solcher Dienste vor, ihr Bedeutungsgewinn könnte regionale Unterschiede also weiter verschärfen. Wie kleinräumige Daten für die österreichischen Gemeinden und Arbeitsmarktbezirke zeigen, sind KIBS in Österreich tatsächlich durch eine sehr steile Standorthierarchie gekennzeichnet, mit deutlicher Konzentration der Anbieter in wenigen (oft stark spezialisierten) Regionen und einem mäßigen Besatz in der Mehrheit der heimischen Gemeinden. Grundtendenz sind ein erheblicher KIBS-Besatz in verdichteten Räumen (vor allem den Großstädten und der Metropole Wien) und ein nur dünnes Angebot in ländlich-peripheren Regionen. Ökonometrische Analysen zu den Bestimmungsgründen dieses Standortmusters zeigen eine dichte regionale Intermediärnachfrage und damit eine KIBS-affine Wirtschaftsstruktur, den Zugang zu übergeordneten Netzwerkinfrastrukturen, strukturelle Diversität und übergeordnete Verdichtungsvorteile als entscheidende Parameter. Vor allem komplexere KIBS sind also auf ein Bündel von Standortattributen angewiesen, welche vor allem in urbanen Räumen zu finden sind und zudem von Agglomerationsvorteilen profitieren. Eine ausgleichende Regionalpolitik mit dem Ziel einer Reallokation von KIBS-Angeboten in unterversorgten Regionen dürfte unter diesen Bedingungen wenig effizient und gesamtwirtschaftlich suboptimal sein. Prioritär scheinen vielmehr die Sicherung und der Ausbau kritischer Massen an KIBS in den Zentralräumen (insbesondere Wien) sowie eine bessere Verknüpfung der Unternehmen in der Peripherie mit (auch) überregionalen KIBS-Angeboten.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthias Firgo & Peter Mayerhofer, 2016. "Wissensintensive Unternehmensdienste, Wissens-Spillovers und regionales Wachstum. Teilprojekt 3: Zur Standortstruktur von wissensintensiven Unternehmensdiensten – Fakten, Bestimmungsgründe, regionalpo," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 59427, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wstudy:59427
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    7. Matthias Firgo & Peter Mayerhofer & Michael Peneder & Philipp Piribauer & Peter Reschenhofer, 2019. "Regionale Beschäftigungseffekte der Digitalisierung in Österreich," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(6), pages 459-469, June.
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