Service industry and cumulative growth in the regions of Europe

European regions have experienced a greater presence of service producers in their economy over the last few decades. Indeed, the manufacturing sector increasingly contracts out many activities to intermediate producer services. This is mostly because they are located close to each other and because services experience increasing returns to scale which reduce their marginal costs. In this paper, we propose to measure the extent to which productivity in services has converged across European regions. The model we use, originally developed by Verdoorn (1949), takes the increasing returns to scale explicitly into account. We apply spatial econometric techniques and control for border effects by introducing two different spatial weights matrices under the assumption that economic interactions decrease very substantially when a national border is passed. Furthermore, we take proper care of the presence of both types (spatial and non-spatial) of endogeneity by using spatial two stages least squares (Kelejian and Prucha 1998). Our conclusions bring new insights in the identification of regional productivity differentials.