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Accounting for the Multiple Sources of Inflation: an Agent-Based Model Investigation

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  • Leonardo Ciambezi
  • Mattia Guerini
  • Mauro Napoletano
  • Andrea Roventini

Abstract

In this work, we develop a macroeconomic agent-based model to study the role of demand and supply factors in the determination of inflation dynamics. The model is characterized by local interactions of heterogeneous firms and households in the labor and goods markets. Imperfect information implies that market selection is imperfect, as it does not depend only on relative prices but also on firm size. We show that our model is able to generate realistic inflation dynamics, as well as a non-linear Phillips curve in line with the empirical evidence. We then find that the traditional demand-led explanation of inflation stemming from a tight labor market only holds when markets are competitive and efficient. Finally, we study the response of inflation to shocks impacting on consumption, labor productivity or energy costs. The results show that only demand shocks lead to wage-led inflation surges. Productivity shocks are entirely passed-through to prices without affecting the income distribution. Energy shocks, instead, induce sellers' inflation after changes in both firms' cost structure and profit margins. This is in line with the recent empirical evidence for the Euro Area.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Ciambezi & Mattia Guerini & Mauro Napoletano & Andrea Roventini, 2024. "Accounting for the Multiple Sources of Inflation: an Agent-Based Model Investigation," LEM Papers Series 2024/15, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
  • Handle: RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2024/15
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    19. Douglas Silveira & Ricardo B. L. M. Oscar, 2024. "Inflation Targeting Regimes in Emerging Market Economies: To Invest or Not to Invest?," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 64(4), pages 2097-2129, October.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inflation; agent-based models; market structure; mark-up rates; sellers' inflation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • C63 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computational Techniques

    NEP fields

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