Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ C: Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
/ / C3: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
/ / / C32: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:

1. Estimated DSGE Models
2. Forecasting with DSGE Models
3. Nowcasting
4. Sign Restrictions
5. Bayesian Vector autoregressions (BVARs)
6. Dynamic Factor Models

2013

• McAdam, Peter & Willman, Alpo & León-Ledesma, Miguel A., 2010, "In dubio pro CES - Supply estimation with mis-specified technical change," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1175, Apr.
• Warne, Anders & Coenen, Günter & Christoffel, Kai, 2010, "Forecasting with DSGE models," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1185, May.
• Sánchez, Marcelo, 2010, "Modelling anti-inflationary monetary targeting: with an application to Romania," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1186, May.
• Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Cimadomo, Jacopo & Kirchner, Markus, 2010, "Transmission of government spending shocks in the euro area: Time variation and driving forces," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1219, Jul.
• Peersman, Gert & Straub, Roland & Hofmann, Boris, 2010, "Time variation in U.S. wage dynamics," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1230, Jul.
• Lombardi, Marco J. & Pagano, Patrizio & Anzuini, Alessio, 2010, "The impact of monetary policy shocks on commodity prices," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1232, Aug.
• Seitz, Franz & von Landesberger, Julian, 2010, "Household money holdings in the euro area: An explorative investigation," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1238, Sep.
• Dées, Stéphane & Pesaran, Hashem & Smith, Vanessa & Smith, Ron P., 2010, "Supply, demand and monetary policy shocks in a multi-country New Keynesian Model," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1239, Sep.
• Gattini, Luca & Hiebert, Paul, 2010, "Forecasting and assessing Euro area house prices through the lens of key fundamentals," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1249, Oct.
• Fornari, Fabio & Lemke, Wolfgang, 2010, "Predicting recession probabilities with financial variables over multiple horizons," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1255, Oct.
• von Landesberger, Julian & Martinez-Carrascal, Carmen, 2010, "Explaining the money demand of non-financial corporations in the Euro area: A macro and a micro view," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1257, Oct.
• Marcet, Albert & Jarociński, Marek, 2010, "Autoregressions in small samples, priors about observables and initial conditions," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1263, Nov.
• Fidora, Michael & Chudik, Alexander, 2011, "Using the global dimension to identify shocks with sign restrictions," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1318, Apr.
• Lombardi, Marco J. & Van Robays, Ine, 2011, "Do financial investors destabilize the oil price?," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1346, Jun.
• Dées, Stéphane & Soares Brinca, Pedro, 2011, "Consumer confidence as a predictor of consumption spending: evidence for the United States and the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1349, Jun.
• Ramb, Fred & Scharnagl, Michael, 2011, "Household's portfolio structure in Germany - analysis of financial accounts data 1959-2009," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1355, Jun.
• Peersman, Gert, 2011, "Macroeconomic effects of unconventional monetary policy in the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1397, Nov.
• Roma, Moreno & Vetlov, Igor & Maurin, Laurent, 2011, "Profit dynamics across the largest euro area countries and sectors," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1410, Dec.
• McAdam, Peter & Lombardo, Giovanni, 2012, "Financial market frictions in a model of the euro area," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1423, Feb.
• Melolinna, Marko, 2012, "Macroeconomic shocks in an oil market var," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1432, May.
• Cassola, Nuno & Morana, Claudio, 2012, "Euro money market spreads during the 2007-? financial crisis," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1437, May.
• Abildgren, Kim, 2012, "Business cycles, monetary transmission and shocks to financial stability: empirical evidence from a new set of Danish quarterly national accounts 1948-2010," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1458, Aug.
• Abildgren, Kim, 2012, "Financial structures and the real effects of credit-supply shocks in Denmark 1922-2011," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1460, Aug.
• Gattini, Luca & Pill, Huw & Schuknecht, Ludger, 2012, "A global perspective on inflation and propagation channels," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1462, Aug.
• Afonso, António & Jalles, João Tovar, 2012, "Revisiting fiscal sustainability: panel cointegration and structural breaks in OECD countries," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1465, Aug.
• Musso, Alberto & Gambetti, Luca, 2012, "Loan supply shocks and the business cycle," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1469, Sep.
• Kociecki, Andrzej & Rubaszek, Michał & Ca' Zorzi, Michele, 2012, "Bayesian analysis of recursive SVAR models with overidentifying restrictions," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1492, Nov.
• Giannone, Domenico & Lenza, Michele & Primiceri, Giorgio E., 2012, "Prior selection for vector autoregressions," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1494, Nov.
• Brousseau, Vincent & Durré, Alain, 2013, "Interest rate volatility: a consol rate-based measure," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1505, Jan.
• Nickel, Christiane & Tudyka, Andreas, 2013, "Fiscal stimulus in times of high debt: reconsidering multipliers and twin deficits," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1513, Feb.
• Warne, Anders & Coenen, Günter & Christoffel, Kai, 2013, "Predictive likelihood comparisons with DSGE and DSGE-VAR models," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1536, Apr.
• Canova, Fabio & Dallari, Pietro, 2013, "How important is tourism for the international transmission of cyclical fluctuations? Evidence from the Mediterranean," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1553, Jun.
• Gross, Marco & Binder, Michael, 2013, "Regime-switching global vector autoregressive models," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1569, Aug.
• Ca' Zorzi, Michele & Rubaszek, Michał & Muck, Jakub, 2013, "Real exchange rate forecasting: a calibrated half-life PPP model can beat the random walk," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1576, Aug.
• Schwaab, Bernd & Eser, Fabian, 2013, "Assessing asset purchases within the ECB’s securities markets programme," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1587, Sep.
• Jarociński, Marek & Maćkowiak, Bartosz, 2013, "Granger-causal-priority and choice of variables in vector autoregressions," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1600, Oct.
• Schwaab, Bernd & Lucas, André & Zhang, Xin, 2013, "Conditional and joint credit risk," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1621, Dec.
• Schwaab, Bernd & Koopman, Siem Jan & Lucas, André & Creal, Drew, 2013, "Observation driven mixed-measurement dynamic factor models with an application to credit risk," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 1626, Dec.
• Lucas Lucio Godeiro, 2013, "Testing the CAPM for the Brazilian Stock Market Using Multivariate GARCH between 1995 and 2012," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 2, pages 253-275.
• Janesh Sami, 2013, "Remittances, Banking Sector Development and Economic Growth in Fiji," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 2, pages 503-511.
• Faruk G rsoy & Ahmet Sekreter & H seyin Kalyoncu, 2013, "FDI and Economic Growth Relationship Based on Cross-Country Comparison," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 2, pages 519-524.
• Chang-Yi Hsu & Jean Yu & Shiow-Ying Wen, 2013, "The Analysts' Forecast of IPO Firms during the Global Financial Crisis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 3, pages 673-682.
• Imen Mahmoud & Kamel Naoui & Hatem Jemmali, 2013, "Study of Speculative Bubbles: The Contribution of Approximate Entropy," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 3, pages 683-693.
• Suppanunta Romprasert, 2013, "Asian Economic Community with Selected Macroeconomic Variables for Exports Sustainability," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 3, pages 602-605.
• Taha Bahadir Sarac & OkYAY Ucan, 2013, "The Interest Rate Channel in Turkey: An Investigation with Kalman Filter Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 4, pages 874-884.
• Akbar Komijani & Nadiya Gandali Alikhani & Esmaeil Naderi, 2013, "The Long-run and Short-run Effects of Crude Oil Price on Methanol Market in Iran," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 1, pages 43-50.
• Andre Assis de Salles, 2013, "An Investigation of Some Hedging Strategies for Crude Oil Market," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 1, pages 51-59.
• Chibueze, E. Nnaji & Jude, O. Chukwu & Nnaji Moses, 2013, "Does Domestic Energy Consumption Contribute to Exports? Empirical Evidence from Nigeria," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 3, pages 297-306.
• Aynur Pala, 2013, "Structural Breaks, Cointegration, and Causality by VECM Analysis of Crude Oil and Food Price," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 3, pages 238-246.
• Saleh Mothana Obadi & Sona Othmanov & Mariam Abdov, 2013, "What are the Causes of High Crude Oil Price? Causality Investigation," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue Special, pages 80-92.
• Yi Zhang, 2013, "The Links between the Price of Oil and the Value of US Dollar," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 4, pages 341-351.
• Rohin Anhal, 2013, "Causality between GDP, Energy and Coal Consumption in India, 1970-2011: A Non-parametric Bootstrap Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, volume 3, issue 4, pages 434-446.
• Cortez, Willy Walter & Islas C., Alejandro, 2013, "Relaciones dinámicas del producto y el empleo en México: una evaluación de sus componentes permanentes y transitorios," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• Cortez, Willy Walter & Islas C., Alejandro, 2013, "An assessment of the dynamics between the permanent and transitory components of Mexico's output and unemployment," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
• Gary, Koop & Dimitris, Korobilis, 2013, "A New Index of Financial Conditions," SIRE Discussion Papers, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE), number 2013-48.
• Aleksei Netsunajev, 2013, "Reaction to technology shocks in Markov-switching structural VARs: identification via heteroskedasticity," Bank of Estonia Working Papers, Bank of Estonia, number wp2012-6, Jan, revised 03 Jan 2013.
• Gertrud Errit & Lenno Uuskula, 2013, "Euro Area monetary policy transmission in Estonia," Bank of Estonia Working Papers, Bank of Estonia, number wp2013-7, Dec, revised 09 Dec 2013.
• Dmitry Kulikov & Aleksei Netsunajev, 2013, "Identifying monetary policy shocks via heteroskedasticity: a Bayesian approach," Bank of Estonia Working Papers, Bank of Estonia, number wp2013-9, Dec, revised 09 Dec 2013.
• Gaetano D’Adamo & Mariam Camarero & Cecilio Tamarit, 2013, "Wage leadership models: a country-by-country analysis of the EMU," Working Papers, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia, number 1317, Jul.
• Emilio Congregado & Vicente Esteve & Antonio A. Golpe, 2013, "From complements to substitutes: Structural breaks in the elasticity of substitution between paid-employment and self-employment in the US," Working Papers, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia, number 1319, Sep.
• Schiemann, Frank & Guenther, Thomas, 2013, "Earnings Predictability, Value Relevance, and Employee Expenses," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, volume 48, issue 2, pages 149-172, DOI: 10.1016/j.intacc.2013.04.001.
• Osorio, Carolina & Unsal, D. Filiz, 2013, "Inflation dynamics in Asia: Causes, changes, and spillovers from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 24, issue C, pages 26-40, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2012.10.007.
• Meng, Xianming & Hoang, Nam T. & Siriwardana, Mahinda, 2013, "The determinants of Australian household debt: A macro level study," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, volume 29, issue C, pages 80-90, DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2013.08.008.
• Çakmaklı, Cem & Paap, Richard & van Dijk, Dick, 2013, "Measuring and predicting heterogeneous recessions," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 11, pages 2195-2216, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.06.004.
• Daniel, Betty C. & Shiamptanis, Christos, 2013, "Pushing the limit? Fiscal policy in the European Monetary Union," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 11, pages 2307-2321, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.06.003.
• Planas, C. & Roeger, W. & Rossi, A., 2013, "The information content of capacity utilization for detrending total factor productivity," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 3, pages 577-590, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2012.09.005.
• Vázquez, Jesús & María-Dolores, Ramón & Londoño, Juan-Miguel, 2013, "On the informational role of term structure in the US monetary policy rule," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 9, pages 1852-1871, DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2013.04.002.
• Sayyed Mahdi Ziaei, 2013, "Evaluating the Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks on GCC Countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, volume 43, issue 2, pages 195-215, September.
• Sharif Hossain & Rajarshi Mitra, 2013, "The Determinants of Economic Growth in Africa: A Dynamic Causality and Panel Cointegration Analysis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, volume 43, issue 2, pages 217-226, September.
• Zhou, Jian, 2013, "Conditional market beta for REITs: A comparison of modeling techniques," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 196-204, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.09.030.
• Islam, Faridul & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Ahmed, Ashraf U. & Alam, Md. Mahmudul, 2013, "Financial development and energy consumption nexus in Malaysia: A multivariate time series analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 435-441, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.09.033.
• Paleologou, Suzanna-Maria, 2013, "Asymmetries in the revenue–expenditure nexus: A tale of three countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 52-60, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.09.022.
• Jean Louis, Rosmy & Balli, Faruk, 2013, "Low-inflation-targeting monetary policy and differential unemployment rate: Is monetary policy to be blamed for the financial crisis? — Evidence from major OECD countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 546-564, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.09.042.
• Serranito, Francisco, 2013, "Heterogeneous technology and the technological catching-up hypothesis: Theory and assessment in the case of MENA countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 685-697, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.09.037.
• Ghosh, Madhusudan & Ghoshray, Atanu & Malki, Issam, 2013, "Regional divergence and club convergence in India," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 733-742, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.10.008.
• Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Duffy, David & Filis, George, 2013, "Stock market response to monetary and fiscal policy shocks: Multi-country evidence," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 754-769, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.10.005.
• Gatfaoui, Hayette, 2013, "Translating financial integration into correlation risk: A weekly reporting's viewpoint for the volatility behavior of stock markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 776-791, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.09.043.
• Wang, Yu Shan & Chueh, Yen Ling, 2013, "Dynamic transmission effects between the interest rate, the US dollar, and gold and crude oil prices," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 30, issue C, pages 792-798, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.09.052.
• Çiçek, Serkan & Akar, Cüneyt, 2013, "The asymmetry of inflation adjustment in Turkey," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 31, issue C, pages 104-118, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.11.026.
• Candelon, Bertrand & Joëts, Marc & Tokpavi, Sessi, 2013, "Testing for Granger causality in distribution tails: An application to oil markets integration," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 31, issue C, pages 276-285, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.11.049.
• Kaabia, Olfa & Abid, Ilyes & Guesmi, Khaled, 2013, "Does Bayesian shrinkage help to better reflect what happened during the subprime crisis?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 31, issue C, pages 423-432, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.12.008.
• Ahamada, Ibrahim & Jolivaldt, Philippe, 2013, "Time-spectral density and wavelets approaches. Comparative study. Applications to SP500 returns and US GDP," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 31, issue C, pages 460-466, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.12.007.
• El Hedi Arouri, Mohamed & Rault, Christophe & Sova, Anamaria & Sova, Robert & Teulon, Frédéric, 2013, "Market structure and the cost of capital," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 31, issue C, pages 664-671, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.004.
• Lim, Shiok Ye & Ho, Chong Mun, 2013, "Nonlinearity in ASEAN-5 export-led growth model: Empirical evidence from nonparametric approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 136-145, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.044.
• Simo-Kengne, Beatrice D. & Balcilar, Mehmet & Gupta, Rangan & Reid, Monique & Aye, Goodness C., 2013, "Is the relationship between monetary policy and house prices asymmetric across bull and bear markets in South Africa? Evidence from a Markov-switching vector autoregressive model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 161-171, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.006.
• Çakır, Mustafa Yavuz & Kabundi, Alain, 2013, "Trade shocks from BRIC to South Africa: A global VAR analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 190-202, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.010.
• Huh, Hyeon-seung & Kim, David, 2013, "An empirical test of exogenous versus endogenous growth models for the G-7 countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 262-272, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.012.
• Cuestas, Juan Carlos & Regis, Paulo José, 2013, "Purchasing power parity in OECD countries: Nonlinear unit root tests revisited," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 343-346, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.035.
• Zeng, Jhih-Hong & Peng, Chi-Lu & Chen, Ming-Chi & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2013, "Wealth effects on the housing markets: Do market liquidity and market states matter?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 32, issue C, pages 488-495, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.02.021.
• Tsong, Ching-Chuan & Wu, Chien-Wei & Chiu, Hsien-Hung & Lee, Cheng-Feng, 2013, "Covariate unit root tests under structural change and asymmetric STAR dynamics," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 101-112, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.03.016.
• Sun, Qi & Xu, Weijun & Xiao, Weilin, 2013, "An empirical estimation for mean-reverting coal prices with long memory," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 174-181, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.04.015.
• Herrera, Santiago & Hurlin, Christophe & Zaki, Chahir, 2013, "Why don't banks lend to Egypt's private sector?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 347-356, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.04.003.
• Cubadda, Gianluca & Guardabascio, Barbara & Hecq, Alain, 2013, "A general to specific approach for constructing composite business cycle indicators," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 367-374, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.04.007.
• Esteves, Paulo Soares, 2013, "Direct vs bottom–up approach when forecasting GDP: Reconciling literature results with institutional practice," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 416-420, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.04.020.
• Meniago, Christelle & Mukuddem-Petersen, Janine & Petersen, Mark A. & Mongale, Itumeleng P., 2013, "What causes household debt to increase in South Africa?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 482-492, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.04.028.
• Raza, Syed Ali & Jawaid, Syed Tehseen, 2013, "Terrorism and tourism: A conjunction and ramification in Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 65-70, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.03.008.
• Monfort, Mercedes & Cuestas, Juan Carlos & Ordóñez, Javier, 2013, "Real convergence in Europe: A cluster analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 689-694, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.05.015.
• Çatik, A. Nazif & Önder, Özlem, 2013, "An asymmetric analysis of the relationship between oil prices and output: The case of Turkey," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 884-892, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.06.004.
• Jiang, Jiadan & Kim, David, 2013, "Exchange rate pass-through to inflation in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 900-912, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.05.021.
• Christidou, Maria & Panagiotidis, Theodore & Sharma, Abhijit, 2013, "On the stationarity of per capita carbon dioxide emissions over a century," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 33, issue C, pages 918-925, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.05.024.
• de Truchis, Gilles, 2013, "Approximate Whittle analysis of fractional cointegration and the stock market synchronization issue," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 34, issue C, pages 98-105, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2012.12.011.
• Gökçe, Atilla & Çankal, Erhan, 2013, "Balance-of-payments constrained growth model for the Turkish economy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 140-144, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.06.019.
• Jalil, Abdul & Mahmood, Tahir & Idrees, Muhammad, 2013, "Tourism–growth nexus in Pakistan: Evidence from ARDL bounds tests," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 185-191, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.06.034.
• Bashar, Omar H.M.N. & Wadud, I.K.M. Mokhtarul & Ali Ahmed, Huson Joher, 2013, "Oil price uncertainty, monetary policy and the macroeconomy: The Canadian perspective," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 249-259, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.07.007.
• Yang, Linghubo & Zhang, Dongxiang, 2013, "Can futures price be a powerful predictor? Frequency domain analysis on Chinese commodity market," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 264-271, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.07.011.
• Shi, Jing & Xu, Tracy, 2013, "Price and volatility dynamics between securitized real estate spot and futures markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 582-592, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.003.
• Aouadi, Amal & Arouri, Mohamed & Teulon, Frédéric, 2013, "Investor attention and stock market activity: Evidence from France," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 674-681, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.034.
• Akanbi, Olusegun Ayodele, 2013, "Macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy changes: A case of South Africa," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 771-785, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.039.
• Mofya-Mukuka, Rhoda & Abdulai, Awudu, 2013, "Policy reforms and asymmetric price transmission in the Zambian and Tanzanian coffee markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 35, issue C, pages 786-795, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.040.
• Karlsson, Sune, 2013, "Forecasting with Bayesian Vector Autoregression," Handbook of Economic Forecasting, Elsevier, chapter 0, in: G. Elliott & C. Granger & A. Timmermann, "Handbook of Economic Forecasting", DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62731-5.00015-4.
• Henzel, Steffen R. & Mayr, Johannes, 2013, "The mechanics of VAR forecast pooling—A DSGE model based Monte Carlo study," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 24, issue C, pages 1-24, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2012.03.009.
• Vasishtha, Garima & Maier, Philipp, 2013, "The impact of the global business cycle on small open economies: A FAVAR approach for Canada," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 24, issue C, pages 191-207, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2012.10.005.
• Beckmann, Joscha & Czudaj, Robert, 2013, "Gold as an inflation hedge in a time-varying coefficient framework," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 24, issue C, pages 208-222, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2012.10.007.
• Chang, Chia-Lin & McAleer, Michael & Tansuchat, Roengchai, 2013, "Conditional correlations and volatility spillovers between crude oil and stock index returns," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 25, issue C, pages 116-138, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2012.06.002.
• Gonzalez-Perez, Maria T. & Guerrero, David E., 2013, "Day-of-the-week effect on the VIX. A parsimonious representation," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 25, issue C, pages 243-260, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2012.06.003.
• Caporin, Massimiliano, 2013, "Equity and CDS sector indices: Dynamic models and risk hedging," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 25, issue C, pages 261-275, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2012.06.004.
• Weber, Enzo, 2013, "Decomposing U.S. Stock Market Comovement into spillovers and common factors," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 26, issue C, pages 106-118, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2013.08.001.
• Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chen, Mei-Ping & Chang, Chi-Hung, 2013, "Dynamic relationships between industry returns and stock market returns," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 26, issue C, pages 119-144, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2013.08.002.
• Lee, Chien-Chiang & Huang, Wei-Ling & Yin, Chun-Hao, 2013, "The dynamic interactions among the stock, bond and insurance markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 26, issue C, pages 28-52, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2013.04.003.
• Zheng, Tingguo & Zuo, Haomiao, 2013, "Reexamining the time-varying volatility spillover effects: A Markov switching causality approach," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 26, issue C, pages 643-662, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2013.05.001.
• Guo, Feng & Huang, Ying Sophie, 2013, "Identifying permanent and transitory risks in the Chinese property insurance market," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 26, issue C, pages 689-704, DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2012.09.001.
• Berardi, Michele & Galimberti, Jaqueson K., 2013, "A note on exact correspondences between adaptive learning algorithms and the Kalman filter," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 118, issue 1, pages 139-142, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.10.002.
• Korobilis, Dimitris, 2013, "Bayesian forecasting with highly correlated predictors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 118, issue 1, pages 148-150, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.10.003.
• Zhang, Lingxiang, 2013, "Partial unit root and linear spurious regression: A Monte Carlo simulation study," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 118, issue 1, pages 189-191, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.10.018.
• Trezzi, Riccardo, 2013, "A wavelet analysis of international risk-sharing," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 118, issue 2, pages 330-333, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.11.025.
• Do, Hung Xuan & Brooks, Robert Darren & Treepongkaruna, Sirimon, 2013, "Generalized impulse response analysis in a fractionally integrated vector autoregressive model," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 118, issue 3, pages 462-465, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.12.023.
• Ahmad, Yamin & Lo, Ming Chien & Mykhaylova, Olena, 2013, "Volatility and persistence of simulated DSGE real exchange rates," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 119, issue 1, pages 38-41, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2012.12.032.
• Hualde, Javier, 2013, "A simple test for the equality of integration orders," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 119, issue 3, pages 233-237, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.003.
• Franchi, Massimo & Vidotto, Anna, 2013, "A check for finite order VAR representations of DSGE models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 120, issue 1, pages 100-103, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.04.013.
• Allen, David & Ng, K.H. & Peiris, Shelton, 2013, "The efficient modelling of high frequency transaction data: A new application of estimating functions in financial economics," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 120, issue 1, pages 117-122, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.049.
• Kollmann, Robert, 2013, "Estimating the state vector of linearized DSGE models without the Kalman filter," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 120, issue 1, pages 65-66, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.041.
• Bachmeier, Lance, 2013, "Identification in models of gasoline pricing," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 120, issue 1, pages 71-73, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.029.
• Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Filis, George, 2013, "Dynamic co-movements of stock market returns, implied volatility and policy uncertainty," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 120, issue 1, pages 87-92, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.04.004.
• Atak, Alev & Kapetanios, George, 2013, "A factor approach to realized volatility forecasting in the presence of finite jumps and cross-sectional correlation in pricing errors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 120, issue 2, pages 224-228, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.051.
• Seong, Byeongchan, 2013, "Semiparametric selection of seasonal cointegrating ranks using information criteria," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 120, issue 3, pages 592-595, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.06.031.
• Cavicchioli, Maddalena, 2013, "Spectral density of Markov-switching VARMA models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 121, issue 2, pages 218-220, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.07.022.
• Messow, Philip & Krämer, Walter, 2013, "Spurious persistence in stochastic volatility," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 121, issue 2, pages 221-223, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.08.008.
• Blomquist, Johan & Westerlund, Joakim, 2013, "Testing slope homogeneity in large panels with serial correlation," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 121, issue 3, pages 374-378, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.09.012.
• Guharay, Samar K. & Thakur, Gaurav S. & Goodman, Fred J. & Rosen, Scott L. & Houser, Daniel, 2013, "Analysis of non-stationary dynamics in the financial system," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 121, issue 3, pages 454-457, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.09.026.
• Dominicy, Yves & Veredas, David, 2013, "The method of simulated quantiles," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 172, issue 2, pages 235-247, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.08.010.
• Broda, Simon A. & Haas, Markus & Krause, Jochen & Paolella, Marc S. & Steude, Sven C., 2013, "Stable mixture GARCH models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 172, issue 2, pages 292-306, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.08.012.
• Laurent, Sébastien & Rombouts, Jeroen V.K. & Violante, Francesco, 2013, "On loss functions and ranking forecasting performances of multivariate volatility models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 173, issue 1, pages 1-10, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.08.004.
• Müller, Ulrich K. & Watson, Mark W., 2013, "Low-frequency robust cointegration testing," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 174, issue 2, pages 66-81, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.09.006.
• Fuentes-Albero, Cristina & Melosi, Leonardo, 2013, "Methods for computing marginal data densities from the Gibbs output," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 175, issue 2, pages 132-141, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.03.002.
• Arbués, Ignacio, 2013, "Determining the MSE-optimal cross section to forecast," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 175, issue 2, pages 61-70, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.02.009.
• Hidalgo, Javier & Seo, Myung Hwan, 2013, "Testing for structural stability in the whole sample," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 175, issue 2, pages 84-93, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.02.008.
• Jensen, Mark J. & Maheu, John M., 2013, "Bayesian semiparametric multivariate GARCH modeling," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 176, issue 1, pages 3-17, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.03.009.
• Filipović, Damir & Mayerhofer, Eberhard & Schneider, Paul, 2013, "Density approximations for multivariate affine jump-diffusion processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 176, issue 2, pages 93-111, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.12.003.
• Inoue, Atsushi & Kilian, Lutz, 2013, "Inference on impulse response functions in structural VAR models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 177, issue 1, pages 1-13, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.02.009.
• Amengual, Dante & Fiorentini, Gabriele & Sentana, Enrique, 2013, "Sequential estimation of shape parameters in multivariate dynamic models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 177, issue 2, pages 233-249, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.04.010.
• Johansen, Søren & Lange, Theis, 2013, "Least squares estimation in a simple random coefficient autoregressive model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 177, issue 2, pages 285-288, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.04.013.
• Horvath, Roman & Petrovski, Dragan, 2013, "International stock market integration: Central and South Eastern Europe compared," Economic Systems, Elsevier, volume 37, issue 1, pages 81-91, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosys.2012.07.004.
• Willems, Tim, 2013, "Analyzing the effects of US monetary policy shocks in dollarized countries," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 61, issue C, pages 101-115, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2013.03.005.
• Sottile, Pedro, 2013, "On the political determinants of sovereign risk: Evidence from a Markov-switching vector autoregressive model for Argentina," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, volume 15, issue C, pages 160-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2013.02.005.
• Bowe, Michael & Hyde, Stuart & McFarlane, Lavern, 2013, "Duration, trading volume and the price impact of trades in an emerging futures market," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, volume 17, issue C, pages 89-105, DOI: 10.1016/j.ememar.2013.08.002.
• Varneskov, Rasmus & Voev, Valeri, 2013, "The role of realized ex-post covariance measures and dynamic model choice on the quality of covariance forecasts," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 20, issue C, pages 83-95, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2012.11.002.
• Becker, Christoph & Schmidt, Wolfgang M., 2013, "Stressing correlations and volatilities — A consistent modeling approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 21, issue C, pages 174-194, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2012.12.009.
• Abhakorn, Pongrapeeporn & Smith, Peter N. & Wickens, Michael R., 2013, "What do the Fama–French factors add to C-CAPM?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 22, issue C, pages 113-127, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2013.04.002.
• Akay, Ozgur (Ozzy) & Senyuz, Zeynep & Yoldas, Emre, 2013, "Hedge fund contagion and risk-adjusted returns: A Markov-switching dynamic factor approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 22, issue C, pages 16-29, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2013.02.005.
• Kim, Hwagyun & Park, Hail, 2013, "Term structure dynamics with macro-factors using high frequency data," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 22, issue C, pages 78-93, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2013.03.003.
• Rossi, Eduardo & Santucci de Magistris, Paolo, 2013, "Long memory and tail dependence in trading volume and volatility," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 22, issue C, pages 94-112, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2013.03.004.
• Post, Thierry & Kopa, Miloš, 2013, "Aggregate investor preferences and beliefs: A comment," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 23, issue C, pages 187-190, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2013.06.003.
• Koop, Gary & Tole, Lise, 2013, "Modeling the relationship between European carbon permits and certified emission reductions," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, volume 24, issue C, pages 166-181, DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2013.10.005.
• Wang, Yu Shan, 2013, "Oil price effects on personal consumption expenditures," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 36, issue C, pages 198-204, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.007.
• Ozturk, Ilhan & Acaravci, Ali, 2013, "The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 36, issue C, pages 262-267, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.025.
• Kang, Sang Hoon & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2013, "Modeling and forecasting the volatility of petroleum futures prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 36, issue C, pages 354-362, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.09.010.
• Nazlioglu, Saban & Erdem, Cumhur & Soytas, Ugur, 2013, "Volatility spillover between oil and agricultural commodity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 36, issue C, pages 658-665, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2012.11.009.
• Salamaliki, Paraskevi K. & Venetis, Ioannis A., 2013, "Energy consumption and real GDP in G-7: Multi-horizon causality testing in the presence of capital stock," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 39, issue C, pages 108-121, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.04.010.
• Stern, David I. & Enflo, Kerstin, 2013, "Causality between energy and output in the long-run," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 39, issue C, pages 135-146, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.05.007.
• Balcilar, Mehmet & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin, 2013, "The causal nexus between oil prices and equity market in the U.S.: A regime switching model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 39, issue C, pages 271-282, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.04.014.
• Gardebroek, Cornelis & Hernandez, Manuel A., 2013, "Do energy prices stimulate food price volatility? Examining volatility transmission between US oil, ethanol and corn markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 40, issue C, pages 119-129, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.06.013.
• Mirantes, Andrés García & Población, Javier & Serna, Gregorio, 2013, "The stochastic seasonal behavior of energy commodity convenience yields," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 40, issue C, pages 155-166, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.06.011.
• Beckmann, Joscha & Czudaj, Robert, 2013, "Is there a homogeneous causality pattern between oil prices and currencies of oil importers and exporters?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 40, issue C, pages 665-678, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.08.007.
• Bruns, Stephan B. & Gross, Christian, 2013, "What if energy time series are not independent? Implications for energy-GDP causality analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 40, issue C, pages 753-759, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.08.020.
• Gupta, Rangan & Modise, Mampho P., 2013, "Does the source of oil price shocks matter for South African stock returns? A structural VAR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 40, issue C, pages 825-831, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.10.005.
• John T. Cuddington & Arturo L. Va'squez Cordano, 2013, "Linkages between spot and futures prices: Tests of the Fama-French-Samuelson hypotheses," Working Papers, Colorado School of Mines, Division of Economics and Business, number 2013-09, Aug.
• Antonella Cavallo & Antonio Ribba, 2013, "Euro area Inflation as a Predictor of National Inflation Rates," Department of Economics (DEMB), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Economics "Marco Biagi", number 0022, Oct.
• Andrea Cipollini & Iolanda Lo Cascio & Silvia Muzzioli, 2013, "Volatility co-movements: a time scale decomposition analysis," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance), Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi", number 0044, Nov.
• Peter C. B. Phillips & Degui Li & Jiti Gao, 2013, "Estimating Smooth Structural Change in Cointegration Models," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, number 22/13.
• Degui Li & Peter C. B. Phillips & Jiti Gao, 2013, "Uniform Consistency of Nonstationary Kernel-Weighted Sample Covariances for Nonparametric Regression," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, number 27/13.
• Mala Raghavan & George Athanasopoulos & Param Silvapulle, 2013, "Canadian Monetary Policy Analysis using a Structural VARMA Model," Monash Econometrics and Business Statistics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, number 4/13.
• Smile Dube & Yan Zhou, 2013, "South Africa¡¯s Short and Long Term Interest Rates: A Threshold Cointegration Analysis," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, volume 3, issue 1, pages 187-211, June.
• Francisco Giron¨¦s & Fernando Guerra & Jorge Hern¨¢ndez & Javier Poblaci¨®n, 2013, "Structural Change in the Crude Oil Price Dynamic: Theoretical Study and Practical Implications," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, volume 3, issue 1, pages 38-55, June.
• Michał Adam, 2013, "Spillovers and contagion in the sovereign CDS market," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, volume 44, issue 6, pages 571-604.
• Mateusz Pipień, 2013, "Orthogonal Transformation of Coordinates in Copula M-GARCH Models – Bayesian analysis for WIG20 spot and futures returns," NBP Working Papers, Narodowy Bank Polski, number 151.
• Joshua D. Angrist & Òscar Jordà & Guido Kuersteiner, 2013, "Semiparametric Estimates of Monetary Policy Effects: String Theory Revisited," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19355, Aug.
• Serena Ng & Jonathan H. Wright, 2013, "Facts and Challenges from the Great Recession for Forecasting and Macroeconomic Modeling," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19469, Sep.
• Efstathios Avdis & Jessica A. Wachter, 2013, "Maximum likelihood estimation of the equity premium," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19684, Nov.
• S. Borağan Aruoba & Luigi Bocola & Frank Schorfheide, 2013, "Assessing DSGE Model Nonlinearities," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19693, Dec.
• Frank Schorfheide & Dongho Song, 2013, "Real-Time Forecasting with a Mixed-Frequency VAR," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 19712, Dec.
• Simeon Coleman Author name: Vitor Leone, 2013, "Is it good to share? Debating patterns in availability and use of job share," NBS Discussion Papers in Economics, Economics, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, number 2013/01, Jan.
• Chunping Liu Author name: Patrick Minford, 2013, "Comparing Behavioural and Rational Expectations for the US Post-War Economy," NBS Discussion Papers in Economics, Economics, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, number 2013/02, Feb.
• Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Stephen M. Miller, 2013, "Housing and the Great Depression," Working Papers, University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Department of Economics, number 1301, Apr.
• Rubén Hernández-Murillo & Michael T Owyang & Margarita Rubio, 2013, "Clustered Housing Cycles," Discussion Papers, University of Nottingham, Centre for Finance, Credit and Macroeconomics (CFCM), number 2013/02, Feb.
• Igor Alexandre Clemente de Morais, 2013, "Ciclo e indicadores antecedentes na indústria do Rio Grande do Sul [Cycles and background indicators in industry in the state of Rio Grande do Sul]," Nova Economia, Economics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), volume 23, issue 1, pages 133-154, January-A.
• T.P.Koirala, Ph.D., 2013, "Time-Varying Parameters of Inflation Model in Nepal: State Space Modeling," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Economic Research Department, volume 25, issue 2, pages 66-77, October.